Proposal for an Oriya Script Root Zone Label Generation ...Sanskrit influence. About 28% of modern Oriya (Odia) words have Adivasi origins, and about 2% have Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu),

ProposalforanOriyaScriptRootZoneLabelGenerationRuleset(LGR)

LGRVersion: 3.0Date: 2019-03-06Documentversion: 2.12Authors: Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel[NBGP]

1 GeneralInformation/Overview/Abstract

ThepurposeofthisdocumentistogiveanoverviewoftheproposedRootZoneLevelGenerationRulesfortheOriyascript.Itincludesadiscussionofrelevantfeaturesofthescript,thecommunitiesorlanguagesusingit,theprocessandmethodologyusedandinformationonthecontributors.TheformalspecificationoftheLGRcanbefoundintheaccompanyingXMLdocument:

proposal-oriya-lgr-06mar19-en.xml

Labelsfortestingcanbefoundintheaccompanyingtextdocument:

oriya-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt

2 ScriptforwhichtheLGRisproposed

ISO15924Code:Orya

ISO15924KeyN°:327

ISO15924EnglishName:Oriya(Odia)

Latintransliterationofnativescriptname:oṛiā

Nativenameofthescript:ଓଡ଼ିଆ

MaximalStartingRepertoire(MSR)version:MSR-4

3 BackgroundonScriptandPrincipalLanguagesusingit

Oriya(amendedlaterasOdia)isanEasternIndiclanguagespokenbyabout40millionpeople(3,75,21,324aspercensus2011(http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-4.pdf)mainlyintheIndianstateofOrissa,andalsoinpartsofWest

ProposalforanOriyaRootZoneLGR Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel

2

Bengal,Jharkhand,ChhattisgarhandAndhraPradesh.Oriya(Odia)isoneofthemanyofficiallanguagesofIndia.ItistheofficiallanguageofOdisha,andthesecondofficiallanguageofJharkhand.EminentLinguistslikeJohnBeames,G.A.Grierson,L.S.S.O’Malley,SunitiKumarChatterjee,S.N.Rajaguru,JohnBoultonandothersconsiderOriyaasoneofthemostancientlanguagesofIndia.InIndicfamilyoflanguages,OriyaisclosesttoSanskritandleastinfluencedbyforeignlanguages.OnlythesetwoIndiclanguages(viz.SanskritandOriya)receivedaclassicaltagduetotheirrich,uninfluencedandlongliteraryhistory.AccordingtoNationalMissionforManuscripts,afterSanskrit(11,66,743),Oriya(2,13,088)hasthelargestnumberofdocumentedmanuscriptsintheIndia(https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20160318/2819026.html).

Oriya(Odia)hasbeenamendedtoOdia,andOrissaasOdisha;OdiaandOdishaarenowthepreferrednamesinEnglishastheyareclosertotheirnativenames:ଓଡ଼ିଆ (oṛiā)[ɔɖiaː]andଓଡ଼ିଶା(oṛiśā). Oriya(Odia)languageisalsousedbypopulationsoftheneighboringstatesofJharkhand,WestBengal,ChhattisgarhandAndhraPradesh.

ThemodernOriya(Odia)languageisformedmostlyfromPaliwordswithsignificantSanskritinfluence.About28%ofmodernOriya(Odia) wordshaveAdivasiorigins,andabout2%haveHindustani(Hindi/Urdu),Persian,orArabicorigins.(Refer:IndianLiteraturebyLanguage:OriyaLiteratureBook(ISBN1156665574,9781156665572)Theearliestwrittentextsinthelanguageareaboutthousandyearsold.ThefirstOriya(Odia)newspaper UtkalaDeepikawasfirstpublishedon4August1866.

AmongtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesofIndia,onlyOriyaandSanskrithavebeenrecognizedasclassicallanguages;andofthesixIndianlanguagesthathavebeenconferredclassicallanguagestatus,Oriya(Odia)wasrecognizedmostrecently(in2014)1.ItformsthebasisofOdissidanceandOdissimusic.2

InOrissa,OriyascriptisusednotonlyforwritingOriyalanguagebutalsoforSanskritandatleast21otherlanguages.TheseincludeOriya,Desiya,Sadri,Sanskrit,Sambalpuri,SantaliandBodo.SeeTable4foramorecompletelistoflanguages.ThescriptmainlydiffersfromotherscriptslikeDevanagariandBanglabytheabsenceoftheShirorekhaorthelineabovethecharacterandalsoitsmoreroundedshapes.

3.1 TheEvolutionoftheScript

TheOriya(Odia)scriptdevelopedfromtheKalingascript,oneofthemanydescendantsoftheBrahmiscriptofancientIndia(Rajaguru,S.N.,OdiaLipiraKramabikash,OdiaSahitya1Criteriaforthisstatusinclude:highantiquityofitsearlytexts/recordedhistoryoveraperiodof1500–2000years;abodyofancientliterature/texts,whichisconsideredavaluableheritagebygenerationsofspeakers;aliterarytraditionthatisoriginalandnotborrowedfromanotherspeechcommunity;2ThevarietyofOriyadialectsetc.isreviewedinAppendixB.


3

Akademi,page2).TheearliestknowninscriptionintheOriyalanguage,intheKalingascript,datesfrom1051.ItdescendsfromOdra-MagadhiPrakritsimilartoArdhaMagadhi,prevalentineasternIndiaover1,500yearsago.

ThecurvedappearanceoftheOriyascriptisaresultofthepracticeofwritingonpalmleaves,whichhaveatendencytotearifwritteninstraightlines.

ThediagrambelowshowsthemajorstagesintheevolutionofOriyaattestingitslatedivergencefromamongNorthernScriptsderivedfromBrahmiscript.

Figure1:PictorialdepictionofEvolutionofOriya

3.2 PeriodsofOdiaHistory

Oriyalanguageliterature(Odia) ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟ (OdiaSahitya) isthepredominantliteratureofthestateofOdishainIndia.HistorianshavedividedthehistoryoftheOriyaliteratureintofivemainstages:OldOriya(8thcenturyto1300),EarlyMiddleOriya(1300to1500),MiddleOriya(1500to1700),LateMiddleOriya(1700to1850)andModernOriya(1850topresent).Seehttp://indohistory.com/oriya.htmlformoreinformation.


4

3.3 UseofOriyalanguageglobally

TheOriyadiasporaconstitutesasizeablenumberofspeakersinseveralcountriesaroundtheworld,withthenumberofOriyaspeakersgloballyto55million.Moredetailsaregivenhttp://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-4.pdf

IthasasignificantpresenceineasterncountriessuchasBangladesh,Indonesia,mainlycarriedbythesadhaba,theancienttradersfromOdisha,whocarriedthelanguagealongwiththecultureduringtheold-daytrading,andinwesterncountriessuchastheUnitedStates,Canada,AustraliaandEnglandaswell.ThelanguagehasalsospreadtoBurma,Malaysia,Fiji,SriLankaandcountriesoftheMiddleEast.

3.4 WrittenOriya(Odia)orthestandardOriya(Odia)

Itisusedforofficialpurpose.IthaselementsfromdifferentlocalOriyadialectsbutitusuallyavoidswordsofforeignoriginsuchasArabicandPersian.IthasalsoassimilatedmanytribalwordsprevalentinOdisha.Notablefeatures

TheOriyascriptisasyllabicalphabetwrittenlefttorightinhorizontallines,inwhichallconsonantshaveaninherentvowel.Diacriticscanappearabove,below,beforeoraftertheconsonanttheybelongto.Theseareusedtochangetheinherentvowelandalsotoshowtheallophonicvariantsoftheconsonant.Whentheyappearatthebeginningofasyllable,vowelsarewrittenasindependentletters.Whencertainconsonantsoccurtogether,specialconjunctshapesareusedwhichcombinetheessentialpartsofeachletter.

TheconsonantsandvowelsinOriya(Odia)arepresentedinTable1below.ThechartbelowshowsthewayinwhichtheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)representsOriyapronunciations.VargyaConsonants

Avargyaconsonants

IPA Oriya(Odia) IPA Oriya(Odia)b ବ j ଯ bʱ ଭ e̯ ୟ d̪ ଦ ɾ ର d̪ʱ ଧ l ଲ ɖ ଡ l̪ ଳ ɖ ɦ ଢ du ʒ ଜ w ୱୱ du ʒ ɦ ଝ s ସ ɡ ଗ ʂ ଷ ɡʱ ଘ ɕ ଶ h ହ ɦ ହ k କ ŋ,ɲ,ɳ,n,m,◌̃ ଂ


5

kʰ ଖ ◌̃ ଁ ɲ ଞ ɦ ଃ m ମ VowelsandMatras n ନ IPA Vowels Matras ɳ ଣ ə ଅ ŋ ଙ aː ଆ ା p ପ ɪ ଇ ି p h ଫ iː ଈ ୀ ɾ ର ʊ ଉ ୁ ɽ ଡ଼ uː ଊ ୂ ɽ ɦ ଢ଼ r̩ ଋ ୃ s ସ eː ଏ େ t̪ ତ ɛː ଐ ୈ t̪ʰ ଥ oː ଓ ୋ ʈ ଟ ɔː ଔ ୌ ʈ h ଠ t͡ʃ ଚ t͡ʃʰ ଛ

Table1:InternationalPhoneticAlphabetOriyaPronunciations

3.5 Structuredconsonants

Thestructuredconsonantsareclassifiedaccordingtotheplaceandmannerofarticulationandareclassifiedaccordinglyintofivestructuredgroups.TheseconsonantsareshownherewiththeirIAST(InternationalAlphabetofSanskritTransliteration)3transcriptions.

3TheInternationalAlphabetofSanskritTransliteration(I.A.S.T.)isatransliterationschemethatallowsthelosslessromanizationofIndicscriptsasemployedbySanskritandrelatedIndiclanguages.IASTmakesitpossibleforthereadertoreadtheIndictextunambiguously,exactlyasifitwereintheoriginalIndicscript.Example:କ0B15(ka),ଖ0B16(kha)etc.


6

voiceless voicelessaspirate voiced voicedaspirate nasal

Velarsକ(ka) 0B15

ଖ(kha)0B16

ଗ(ga) 0B17

ଘ(gha) 0B18

ଙ(ṅa)0B19

Palatalsଚ(ca)0B1A

ଛ(cha)0B1B

ଜ(ja) 0B1C

ଝ(jha)0B1D

ଞ(ña) 0B1E

Retroflexଟ(ṭa) 0B1F

ଠ(ṭha)0B20

ଡ(ḍa)0B21

ଢ(ḍha) 0B22

ଣ(ṇa) 0B23

Dentalsତ(ta) 0B24

ଥ(tha) 0B25

ଦ(da) 0B26

ଧ(dha) 0B27

ନ(na) 0B28

Labialsପ(pa) 0B2A

ଫ(pha) 0B2B

ବ(ba) 0B2C

ଭ(bha) 0B2D

ମ(ma) 0B2E

Table2:StructuredConsonants

3.6 Unstructuredconsonants

Theunstructuredconsonantsareadditionalconsonantsthatdonotfallintoanyoftheabovecategoriesandincludethefollowing: ଯ(ja)U+0B2F,ୟ(ia)U+0B5F,ର(ra)U+0B30,ଲ(la)U+0B32,ଳ(ḷa)U+0B33,ଵଶ(sa)U+0B36,ଷ(sa)U+0B37,ସ(sa)U+0B38,ହ(ha)U+0B39.

3.7 TheimplicitvowelkillerHalant(Virama)

TheHalantisusedafteraconsonantto"strip"itofitsinherentvowel.AconsonantclustercannotendwithaHalant.Withafewexceptions,mostoftheOriyawordsaresvaranta(i.e.endingwithavowel).


7

Insomecases,asyllablecontainingaHalantmaynothaveavisibleHalantsign,wheretheHalantenablesthedifferentconsonantstoformaconjunct.

Thehalantformofconsonants,i.e.,theformproducedbyaddingtheHalanttothenominalshape,isusedinsyllablesthathavenoinherentvowelorinconjunctsorconsonantclusters.

InOriya,consonantclustersarewritteninmanyways:

1) Inmostcasesthesecondcomponentisinhalfform(withouttheroundedtop)orreducedformandputunderthefirstcomponente.g.ସ୍କ (U+0B38,

U+0B4D,U+0B15),ସ୍ତ (U+0B38,U+0B4D,U+0B24),ବ୍ଧ (U+0B2C,

U+0B4D,U+0B27),etc.

2) Sometimesthereversecasehappensandthefirstcomponent(esp.whenitisତ(0B24))isreducedandisputbelowthesecondasinତ୍ସ (U+0B24,

U+0B4D, U+0B38),ତ୍ମ U+0B24, U+0B4D, U+0B2E,ତ୍କତ୍ପ (U+0B24,

U+0B4D,U+0B15,U+0B24,U+0B4D,U+0B2A)etc.

3) Pre-baseformsarealsoseeninବ୍ଦଦ୍ଭ (U+0B2C,U+0B4D,U+0B26,

U+0B26,U+0B4D,U+0B2D),butduetocursivewriting,thepre-basecomponentsseemtobelikenewglyphs.Inthiscase,thecomponentsofaconjunctarerenderedsidebysidenotlikementionedabovein1and2.

Ifnodistinctshapeexists,thefullformwilldisplaywithanexplicitHalant.(sameshapeastheHalantform).

3.8 Nukta ( ଼)( ଼U+0B3C)

Thenuktasign(.଼)isusedinOriyalanguagejustlikemanyotherscriptsusedinSouthAsia.Itcanbecommonlyusedwith“ଡ”U+0B21,“ଢ”U+0B22.InthepubliccommentversionoftheOriyaScriptLGR,theNBGPhadproposedallowingtheuseofnuktawithକ0B15,ଖ0B16,ଗ0B17,ଚ0B1A,ଜ0B1C,ଫ0B2B.Butbasedonpubliccommentfeedback,suggestingthisusewasnotsufficientlycommon,andfurtheranalysisontheusageofnuktabyNBGP,nuktaisnotincludedwithକ0B15,ଖ0B16,ଗ0B17,ଚ0B1A,ଜ0B1C,ଫ0B2B.


8

3.9 Visarga“ଃ” (U+0B03) and Avagraha “ଽ” (U+0B3D) TheVisarga(ଃ,U+0B03)isfrequentlyusedinSanskritandrepresentsasoundverycloseto/h/.Example,ଦୁଃଖ/du:kh/“sorrow”(U+0B26U+0B41U+0B03U+0B16).TheAvagraha"ଽ"(U+0B3D)createsanextrastressontheprecedingvowelandisusedinSanskrittexts.ItisrarelyusedinotherlanguagesusingOriyascript.

3.10 Candrabindu (◌ँ - U+0B01) Candrabindudenotesnasalizationoftheprecedingvowelandconsonantsasinଅଁଳା/am̐ḷā/“nameofseasonalfruit”(U+0B05U+0B01U+0B33U+0B3E).OriyauserscommonlyuseitforwritingthewordsandsoundsofSanskritlanguage.

3.11 Anusvara (ଂ - U+0B02) AnusvarareplacesaconjunctgroupofaNasalConsonant+Halant+Consonantbelongingtothatparticularvarga(plosive),representingahomorganicnasal.Beforeanon-varga(non-plosive)consonant,theAnusvararepresentsanasalsound.Forexample:ଏବଂ/ēbaṁ / (U+0B0F,U+0B2C,U+0B02)(means:and),ସଂଖ୍ୟା/saṁkhyā/(U+0B38,U+0B02,U+0B16,U+0B4D,U+0B5F,U+0B3E)(means:number),etc.3.12 Matrasign(DependentVowel)Adependentvowelsignisusedtorepresentavowelsoundthatisnotinherenttoaconsonant.Dependentvowelsarereferredtoas"matras".Theyarealwaysdepictedincombinationwithaconsonantorwithaconsonantcluster.TherulesspecifictoOriyaforcombiningmatrasarementionedinSection6(Variants)andSection7(WLERules).

Thefollowingtableexplainsthecorrelationbetweenavowelanditsmatrasign.

VowelanditsmatrasignGlyph Unicode Name Glyph Unicode Nameଅ U+0B05 ORIYALETTERA ଆ U+0B06 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAAା U+0B3E ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AAଇ U+0B07 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERIି◌ U+0B3F ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Iଈ U+0B08 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERIIୀ U+0B40 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

IIଉ U+0B09 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERUୁ◌ U+0B41 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

U


9

VowelanditsmatrasignGlyph Unicode Name Glyph Unicode Nameଊ U+0B0A ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERUUୂ◌ U+0B42 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

UUଋ U+0B0B ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERVOCALICRୃ◌ U+0B43 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICRଏ U+0B0F ORIYAVOWEL

LETTEREେ U+0B47 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Eଐ U+0B10 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAIୈ U+0B48 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AIଓ U+0B13 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTEROୋ U+0B4B ORIYAVOWELSIGN

Oଔ U+0B14 ORIYAVOWEL

LETTERAUୌ U+0B4C ORIYAVOWELSIGN

AUଌ U+0B0C ORIYALETTER

VOCALICL◌◌ୢ U+0B62 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICLୡ U+0B61 ORIYALETTER

VOCALICLL◌◌ୣ U+0B63 ORIYAVOWELSIGN

VOCALICLLTable3:VowelanditsMatraSign

The vowels “ଌ”U+0B0C,“ୡ”U+0B61,“◌ୢ”U+0B62and ”◌ୣ”U+0B63arehardlyinuseinmoderndays.

4 OverallDevelopmentProcessandMethodology

UndertheNeo-BrahmiGenerationPanel,therearemanydifferentscriptsbelongingtoseparateUnicodeblocks.EachofthesescriptsisthebasisforaseparateLGRproposal;howeverNeo-BrahmiGPensuresthatthefundamentalphilosophybehindbuildingthesevariousscriptLGRsissameacrossthedifferentscriptsbeingconsidered.NBGPdecidedtoemploy“ExpandedGradedIntergenerationalDisruptionScale”[EGIDS],whichisdesignedtomeasurethestatusofthelanguagesoftheworldintermsofendangermentordevelopment.TheEGIDSconsistsof13levelswitheachhighernumberonthescalerepresentingagreaterlevelofdisruptiontotheintergenerationaltransmissionofthelanguage.NBGPdecidedtoaccommodateallthelanguagesbelongingtoEGIDSScale1to4foritsanalysiswhichrepresentslanguagesinoneformortheotherarestillinusage.Followingarethedescriptions4ofthosescalesandcorrespondinglanguagesrelevantfortheOriya(Odia)scriptLGRproposal.

4https://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-status


10

TheOriya(Odia)scriptLGRproposalwaspublishedforpubliccommenttoallowthosewhohadnotparticipatedintheNBGPtomaketheirviewsknown.TheNBGPanalyzedallcommentsreceivedtofinalizetheproposal.Theanalysisofpubliccommentscanbeaccessedonlinegivenat[106].

EGIDSScale Definition RelevantLanguagesandtheirfamily

EGIDSScale2(Provincial)

Thelanguageisusedineducation,work,massmedia,andgovernmentwithinmajoradministrativesubdivisionsofanation

Oriya(Indic)

EGIDSScale3(Widercommunication)

Thelanguageisusedinworkandmassmediawithoutofficialstatustotranscendlanguagedifferencesacrossaregion.

Desiya(Indic)

Sadri(Indic)

EGIDSScale4(Educational)

Thelanguageisinvigoroususe,withstandardizationandliteraturebeingsustainedthroughawidespreadsystemofinstitutionallysupportededucation.

Sanskrit(Indic)

Sambalpuri(Indic)

Santali(Austroasiatic)

EGIDSScale5(Developing)

Thelanguageisinvigoroususe,withliteratureinastandardizedformbeingusedbysomethoughthisisnotyetwidespreadorsustainable.

Bodoparja(Indic)

Sora(AustroAsiatic)

Ho(AustroAsiatic)

Mundari(AustroAsiatic)

Juang(AustroAsiatic)

Koya(Dravidian)

Kisan(Dravidian)

Kuvi(Dravidian)

EGIDSScale6a(Vigorous)

Thelanguageisusedforface-to-facecommunicationbyallgenerationsandthesituationissustainable.

Kudmali(Indic)

Mirgan(Mirgan)

Bondo(AustroAsiatic)

Munda(AustroAsiatic)

Pengo(Dravidian)

Duruwa(Dravidian)


11

EGIDSScale Definition RelevantLanguagesandtheirfamily

EGIDSScale6b(Threatened)

Thelanguageisusedforface-to-facecommunicationwithinallgenerations,butitislosingusers.

Gadababodo(AustroAsiatic)

Kui(Dravidian)

Table4:EGIDSScaleLanguagesConsideredunderOriya(Odia)LGR

Outoftheselanguages,sevenareIndicandthuscanbeeasilywrittenusingaBrahmibasedscriptlikeOriyascript.

4.1 GuidingPrinciples

TheNBGPadoptsthefollowingbroadprinciplesfortheselectionofcode-pointsintherepertoireacrosstheboardforallthescriptswithinitsscope.

4.1.1 Inclusionprinciples:

4.1.1.1 Modernusage:Everycharacterproposedshouldbeintheeverydayusageofaparticularlinguisticcommunity.CharacterswhichhavebeenencodedintheUnicodefortranscriptionpurposesonlyorforarchivalpurposeswillnotbeconsideredforinclusioninthecode-pointrepertoire.

4.1.1.2.Unambiguoususe:

Everycharacterproposedshouldhaveunambiguousunderstandingamongthelinguisticaboutitsusageinthelanguage.

4.1.2 Exclusionprinciples:

ThemainexclusionprincipleisthatofExternalLimitsonScope.Theycompriseprotocolsorstandardswhicharepre-requisitestothedefinitionofLabelGenerationRules.Allfurtherprinciplesareinfactsubsumedundertheselimitationsbuthavebeenspeltoutseparatelyforthesakeofclarity.

4.1.2.1 ExternalLimitsonScope:Thecodepointrepertoireforrootzonebeingaveryspecialcase,uptheladderintheprotocolhierarchies,thecanvasofavailablecharactersforselectionasapartoftheRootZonecodepointrepertoireisalreadyconstrainedbyvariousprotocollayersbeneathit.Thefollowingthreemainprotocols/standardsactassuccessivefilters:


12

i.TheUnicodeChart:

Outofallthecharactersthatareneededbythegivenscript,ifthecharacterinquestionisnotencodedinUnicode,itcannotbeincorporatedinthecodepointrepertoire.Suchcasesarequiterare,giventheelaborateandexhaustivecharacterinclusioneffortsmadebyUnicodeconsortium.

ii.IDNAProtocol:

Unicodebeingthecharacterencodingstandardforprovidingthemaximumpossiblerepresentationofagivenscript/language,ithasencodedasfaraspossibleallthepossiblecharactersneededbythescript.However,theDomainnamebeingaspecializedcase,itisgovernedbyanadditionalprotocolknownasIDNA(InternationalizedDomainNamesinApplications).TheIDNAprotocolexcludessomecharactersoutofUnicoderepertoirefrombeingpartofthedomainnames.

Example:Oriyascriptfrequentlyuses“ଡ”(U+0B21),“ଢ”(U+0B22)aswellastheirrespectiveformswithnukta“ଡ଼”,and“ଢ଼”.“ଡ଼”and“ଢ଼”asdistinctlettersarenotencodedbuttheirdecomposedformi.e.“ଡ”, “ଢ”followedbyOriyasignnukta(U+0B3C)canbeused.

iii.MaximalStartingRepertoire:

AstheRootZoneLGRisusedforcreationoftherootzoneTLDs,whichinturnareanevenmorespecializedcaseofdomainnamelabels,theRootZoneLGRprocedureintroducesadditionalexclusionsforcharactersallowedbyIDNA.

Example:OriyaSignAvagraha"ଽ"(U+0B3D)evenifallowedbyIDNAprotocol,isnotpermittedintheRootZoneRepertoireasperthe[MSR].

MaximalStartingRepertoirealsoexcludesinvisiblecharactersZeroWidthNon-Joiner(U+200C)andZeroWidthJoiner(U+200D).Thesearerequiredincertaincaseswhereatypicalvisualshapeofanaksharisdesired.

Tosumup,therestrictionsstartoffwithadmittingonlysuchcharactersasarepartofthecode-blockofthegivenscript/language.ThisisfurthernarroweddownbytheIDNAProtocolandfinallyanadditionalfilterintheformofMaximalStartingRepertoirerestrictsthecharactersetassociatedwiththegivenlanguageevenmore.

4.1.2.2 NoFractionMarks:TheTLDsbeingidentifiers,fractionmarkerspresentinBrahmibasedlanguagessuchasgivenbelowwillnotbeincluded.


13

Figure2:FractionMarksinOriya

4.1.2.3 NoSymbolsandAbbreviations:Abbreviations,weightsandmeasuresandothersuchiconiccharacterslikeIsshar"୰"(U+0B70)willnotbeincluded.

4.1.2.4 NoRareandObsoleteCharacters:TherearecharacterswhichhavebeenaddedtoUnicodetoaccommodaterareformsespeciallylikeOriyaLETTERVOCALICRR"ୠ"(U+0B60)andOriyaLETTERVOCALIC

LL"ୡ"(U+0B61)aswellastheirMatraforms)“◌ୄ◌ୄ“(U+0B44)and"◌ୣ◌ୣ"(U+0B63).Allsuchcharacterswillbeexcluded.ThisisincompliancewiththeConservatismprincipleaslaiddownintheRootZoneLGRprocedure.

5 Repertoire

ThisSectionprovidestherelevantSectionof[MSR]applicabletotheOriyascriptonwhichOriyacodepointrepertoirefortheRootZoneLGRisbasedon.Section5.1detailsthecode-pointrepertoirethattheNeo-BrahmiGenerationPanel[NBGP]proposestobeincludedintheOriyaRootZoneLGR.


14

5.1 OriyaSectionofMaximalStartingRepertoire[MSR]Version4

Figure3:OriyaCodePagefromMSR-4

Colorconvention:Allcharactersthatareincludedinthe[MSR]-Yellowbackground

PVALIDinIDNA2008butexcludedfromthe[MSR]-Pinkishbackground

NotPVALIDinIDNA2008-Whitebackground


15

5.2 CodePointRepertoire

ThetablebelowlistsallthecodepointsincludedintherepertoireforOriyascript.Foreachofthecodepoints,languagereferenceshavebeengiveninthelastcolumn.

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

1 0B01 ଁ ORIYASIGNCANDRABINDU

2-Oriya Candrabindu[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

2 0B02 ଂ ORIYASIGNANUSVARA 2-Oriya Anusvara[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

3 0B03 ଃ ORIYASIGNVISARGA 2-Oriya Visarga[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

4 0B05 ଅ ORIYALETTERA 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

5 0B06 ଆ ORIYALETTERAA 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

6 0B07 ଇ ORIYALETTERI 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

7 0B08 ଈ ORIYALETTERII 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

8 0B09 ଉ ORIYALETTERU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

9 0B0A ଊ ORIYALETTERUU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


16

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

10 0B0B ଋ ORIYALETTERVOCALICR 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

11 0B0F ଏ ORIYALETTERE 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

12 0B10 ଐ ORIYALETTERAI 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

13 0B13 ଓ ORIYALETTERO 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

14 0B14 ଔ ORIYALETTERAU 2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

15 0B15 କ ORIYALETTERKA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

16 0B16 ଖ ORIYALETTERKHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

17 0B17 ଗ ORIYALETTERGA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

18 0B18 ଘ ORIYALETTERGHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

19 0B19 ଙ ORIYALETTERNGA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

20 0B1A ଚ ORIYALETTERCA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


17

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

21 0B1B ଛ ORIYALETTERCHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

22 0B1C ଜ ORIYALETTERJA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

23 0B1D ଝ ORIYALETTERJHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

24 0B1E ଞ ORIYALETTERNYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

25 0B1F ଟ ORIYALETTERTTA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

26 0B20 ଠ ORIYALETTERTTHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

27 0B21 ଡ ORIYALETTERDDA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

28 0B22 ଢ ORIYALETTERDDHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

29 0B23 ଣ ORIYALETTERNNA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

30 0B24 ତ ORIYALETTERTA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

31 0B25 ଥ ORIYALETTERTHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


18

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

32 0B26 ଦ ORIYALETTERDA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

33 0B27 ଧ ORIYALETTERDHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

34 0B28 ନ ORIYALETTERNA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

35 0B2A ପ ORIYALETTERPA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

36 0B2B ଫ ORIYALETTERPHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

37 0B2C ବ ORIYALETTERBA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

38 0B2D ଭ ORIYALETTERBHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

39 0B2E ମ ORIYALETTERMA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

40 0B2F ଯ ORIYALETTERYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

41 0B30 ର ORIYALETTERRA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

42 0B32 ଲ ORIYALETTERLA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


19

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

43 0B33 ଳ ORIYALETTERLLA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

44 0B36 ଶ ORIYALETTERSHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

45 0B37 ଷ ORIYALETTERSSA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

46 0B38 ସ ORIYALETTERSA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

47 0B39 ହ ORIYALETTERHA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

48 0B3C ଼ ORIYASIGNNUKTA 2-Oriya Nukta[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

49 0B3E ା ORIYAVOWELSIGNAA 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

50 0B3F ି ORIYAVOWELSIGNI 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

51 0B40 ୀ ORIYAVOWELSIGNII 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

52 0B41 ୁ ORIYAVOWELSIGNU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

53 0B42 ୂ ORIYAVOWELSIGNUU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]


20

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category References

54 0B43 ୃ ORIYAVOWELSIGNVOCALICR

2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

55 0B47 େ ORIYAVOWELSIGNE 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

56 0B48 ୈ ORIYAVOWELSIGNAI 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

57 0B4B ୋ ORIYAVOWELSIGNO 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

58 0B4C ୌ ORIYAVOWELSIGNAU 2-Oriya Matra[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

59 0B4D ୍ ORIYASIGNVIRAMA 2-Oriya Halant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

60 0B56 ୖ ORIYAAILENGTHMARK 2-Oriya Matra[2],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

61 0B5F ୟ ORIYALETTERYA 2-Oriya Consonant[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

62 0B71 ୱ ORIYALETTERWA 2-Oriya Consonant[6],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

Table5:CodePointRepertoire

5.2.1 CodePointsExcluded

TheFollowingcodepointsareexcludedfromtherepertoirebyNBGP.


21

Sr.No.

UnicodeCodePoint

Glyph CharacterName

LanguagewithEGIDS

Category Reference

1 0B0C ଌ ORIYALETTERVOCALICL

2-Oriya Vowel[0],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

2 0B35 ଵ ORIYALETTERVA 2-Oriya Consonant[6],[101],[102],[103],[104],[105]

3 0B44 ◌ୄORIYAVOWELSIGNVOCALICRR

2-Oriya Matra[9],[101],[102][103][104][105]

4 0B57 ୗ ORIYAAULENTHMARK

2-Oriya Matra [0],[101],[102][103][104][105]

Table6:CodePointExcludedfromRepertoire

Sincethematraୗ(U+0B57)ORIYAAULENTHMARKisnotincurrentusebytheOriyascriptcommunity,itisdecidedbytheNBGPtoexcludeit.Also,“ଌ”U+0B0C,“ୡ”U+0B61,“◌ୢ”U+0B62and”◌ୣ”U+0B63arerarelyusedinmoderndays.

ThecharacterVa“ଵ”(0B35) isusedinformofhandwrittencharacterbyfewlinguisticsorhasrecentlybeenusedinafewwebsitesontheinternet.Butthiscodepointisnotveryfrequentlyusedinmasseducationalinstitutions,printedinmasscommunication,likenewspapersormagazines.Sometextbooksintheschoolsandcollegeexplaintheplosive"Ba"ବ(0B2C) andnon-plosive"Va"ଵ(0B35) separatelyasvarga(plosive)andnon-varga(non-plosive)respectively.

ThepubliccommentversionoftheOriyaScriptLGR,NBGPhadincludedthecharacterVa“ଵ”(0B35) intherepertoire.However,thepubliccommentfeedbacksuggestedthatthisusewasnotsufficientlycommon,andfurtheranalysisbyNBGPconcludedthat"Va"ଵ(0B35) isnotusedincommonlyprintedbooks,magazines,etc.Therefore,itisexcludedfromtherepertoire.

However,incomingyearsifthischaracterisseeninfrequentuse,NBGPmayreconsiderincludingitinalaterversionofitsLGRfortheOriyascript.


22

Variablesinvolved

C →Consonant

M →Matra

V →Vowel

B →Anusvara

H →Halant

N →Nukta

C1 → ConsonantswithNukta{ଡ0B21,ଢ0B22}

X → Visarga

D → Candrabindu

TheVowelSequence

The Vowel Sequence begins with a vowel which is followed by either of Anusvara (B),Candrabindu(D)oraVisarga(X)butnevermorethanone.

InOriya,thusthevowelsequencecanberepresentedasV[B|D|X]

Examples:

SequenceDescription Sequence Example Constitutingcharacters

Vowel Vଅ/a/

U+0B05

Vowel+Anusvara V[B]ଅଂ/aṁ/

U+0B05U+0B02

ଅ ଂ

U+0B05U+0B02

Vowel+Candrabindu V[D]ଅଁ/aṃ/

U+0B05U+0B01

ଅଁ

U+0B05U+0B01

Vowel+Visarga V[X]ଅଃ/aḥ/

U+0B05U+0B03

ଅଃ

U+0B05U+0B03

Table7


23

ConsonantSequence

ConsonantsequencebeginswithaconsonantandmayormaynotbefollowedbyaNukta(N). Consonantwithorwithout theNukta (N)may again be followed by eitherofMatra(M),Anusvara(B),Candrabindu(D),Visarga(X)oraHalant(H)butnevermorethanoneof

M,B,D,X,H.AftertheN,MandH,theconsonantsequencecanbeextendedasfollows:

1.Asingleconsonant(C)

(TheconsonantshallbetreatedascoterminouswiththeConsonantalongwiththeNukta

signwhereversuchacaseispertinent.)

Examples:


Consonant Cଡ/ḍa/

U+0B21

Consonant+Nukta C[N] ଡ଼/ṛa/ ଡ଼

U+0B21U+0B3C Table8

2.Aconsonantisoptionallyfollowedbyadependentvowelsign/Matra[M],Anusvara[D],Candrabindu[B],Visarga[X]orHalant[H].

C[M|B|D|X|H]

Examples:


Consonant+Matra C[M] କି/ki/ କି

U+0B15U+0B3F

Consonant+Anusvara C[B] କଂ/kaṁ/ କଂ

U+0B15U+0B02


24

Consonant+Candrabindu C[D] କଁ/kaṃ/ କଁ

U+0B15U+0B01

Consonant+Visarga C[X] କଃ/kaḥ/ କଃ

U+0B15U+0B03

Consonant+Halant C[H] କ୍/k/(PureConsonant)

କ୍

U+0B15U+0B4D

Table9

3.ACMsequencecanbeoptionallyfollowedbyD,BorX(CM)[D|B|X]

Example:


Consonant+Matra+Anusvara CM[B] କିଂ/kiṁ/ କିଂ

U+0B15U+0B3FU+0B02

Consonant+Matra+Candrabindu CM[D] କାଁ/kāṃ/ କାଁ

U+0B15U+0B3EU+0B01

Consonant+Matra+Visarga CM[X] କିଃ/kiḥ/ କିଃ

U+0B15U+0B3FU+0B03

Table10

Asequenceofconsonants(upto4)joinedbyHalant5(CH)C

Example:


Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Halant+

CHCHCHC ସ୍ତ୍ର୍ୟ/strya/ସ୍ ତ୍ ର୍ ୟ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B24U+0B4D

5IncaseofSanskrit,itcanjoinupto5consonants.


25

Consonant+Halant+Consonant

U+0B30U+0B4DU+0B5F

Table11

However, theWLE rulesproposed in SectionError!Reference sourcenot found. doesnotimposeanyrestrictiononthenumberofconsonantsthatcanbejoinedbyaHalant.

Subsets:

ThecombinationmaybefollowedbyM,B,DorX

Example:


Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Matra CHC[M]

ସ୍କୀ/skī/ସ ୍ କ ୀ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15U+0B40

Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Anusvara

CHC[B] ସ୍କଂ/skaṁ/ସ ୍ କ ଂ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15U+0B02

Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Candrabindu

CHC[D] ସ୍କଁ/skaṃ/ସ ୍ କ ଁ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15U+0B01

Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Visarga

CHC[X] ସ୍କଃ/skaḥ/ସ ୍ କ ୍ ଃ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15U+0B4DU+0B03

Table12

(CH)CMmaybefollowedbyaB,DorX

Example:


Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Matra+Anusvara

CHCM[B] ସ୍କୀଂ/skīṁ/

ସ ୍ କ ୀ ଂ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15

U+0B40U+0B02


26

Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Matra+Candrabindu

CHCM[D] ସ୍କୀଁ/skīṃ/

ସ ୍ କ ୀ ଁ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15

U+0B40U+0B01

Consonant+Halant+Consonant+Matra+Visarga

CHCM[X] ସ୍କୀଃ/skīḥ/ସ ୍ କ ୀ ଃ

U+0B38U+0B4DU+0B15U+0B40U+0B03

Table13

ThesearethebasicaksharformationrulesonwhichtheoverallOriyascriptLGRisbased.AslanguagesotherthanOriyaareconsidered,someadditionallanguage-specificcharacters

andrulesareintroduced.

6 Variants

6.1 In-ScriptVariants

InOriyascript,therearenocharacters/charactersequencesthatcanbecreatedbyusingtheOriyacharacterspermittedasperthe[MSR]andlookidentical.Therearenoin-scriptvariants.

6.2 Cross-ScriptVariants

Across-scriptvariantlabel,alsosometimesreferredtoas"WholeLabelconfusable",isthevariant case where one label in one script can be composed in such a way that it canresemble another entire label in a different script, to the point that it is effectivelyindistinguishable.

Every individual LGRdeveloped by theNBGPprovides a set of cross-script variant codepointsthatitidentifieswithmembersofotherrelatedscripts.

TheNBGPhasensuredthatnotonlytheindividualcharactersbutalsomostoftheaksharvariations are taken into consideration during the cross-script variant analysis of Oriyawith all the other scripts under NBGP. It was achieved by sharing a list ofmost of theaksharcombinationswithalltheotherscriptteams(‘most’isusedhereasallthepossibleConsonant +Halant + Consonant +… cases cannot be practically covered. Case of all theOriya“Consonant+Halant+Consonant”wasincludedintheanalysis).

Oriya scripthasa setofpossible cross-scriptvariantswith theMalayalamandMyanmarscripts. Cases listed in Table 6 are cross-script variants between Oriya, Malayalam and


27

Myanmar. This follows the NBGP Cross-script Variant inclusion policy available inAppendixD.

TheNBGPhasensuredthatOriyaandMalayalamLGRteamsproposethesamesetofcross-script variants by meeting face-to-face on many occasions as well as through mailcommunications.Thesamesetofcross-scriptvariants(withMalayalam)issupposedtobefoundintheMalayalamLGRdocuments.

TheNBGPhasensuredthatOriyaandMyanmarLGRteamsproposethesamesetofcross-script variants by meeting face-to-face as well as through mail communications. Thefollowing set of cross-script variants (with Malayalam and Myanmar) are commonlyagreed.

VariantSet

Oriya Malayalam Myanmar

CP Glyph CP Glyph CP Glyph

1. 0B20 ଠ 0D20 ഠ 101D ဝ

2 0B47 େ --- --- 1031 ေ◌ Table14:VariantSetbetweenOriya,MalayalamandMyanmarScript

ThecaseslistedinAppendixBarevisuallyconfusablecodepointslistedforreference,buttheyarenotdefinedasvariantcodepoints.

7 WholeLabelEvaluationRules(WLE)

ThisSectionprovidesthewholelabelevaluationrulesfortextwrittenintheOriyascript.TheruleshavebeendraftedinsuchawaythattheycanbeeasilytranslatedintotheLGRspecification.BelowarethesymbolsusedintheWLErulesforeachofthe"IndicSyllabicCategory"asmentionedinTable4:Codepointrepertoire.Additionalsymbolsdefinetheappropriatesubsetsforvariousrules.C → ConsonantM →MatraV →VowelB →Anusvara


28

H →Halant/ViramaN →NuktaC1 → ConsonantswithNukta{ଡ0B21DDA,ଢ0B22DDHA}X → VisargaD → CandrabinduRule1:N(଼)mustbeprecededonlybyC1Forexample:ଡ(0B21)+଼(0B3C)=ଡ଼ଢ(0B22)+଼(0B3C)=ଢ଼Rule2:B(ଂ)mustbeprecededbyV,C,NorMi) BmaybeprecededbyV(examples:ଅଂଶ,)ii) BmaybeprecededbyC,(example:ସଂସାର) iii) BmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଡଂଗା) iv) BmaybeprecededbyM,(examples:ସିଂହ, ମାଂସ, ସୁତରାଂ)Rule3:X(ଃ)mustbeprecededbyC,V,NorMi) XmaybeprecededbyC,(example:ପ୍ରାୟତଃ, କ୍ରମଶଃ)

ii) XmaybeprecededbyN(example:କାଢ଼ାଃ) iii) XmaybeprecededbyM,(examples:ଦୁଃଖ, ଦୁଃଖିତ)iv) XmaybeprecededbyV,(examples:ଅଃ, ଆଃ, ଇଃ, ଉଃ)commonlyusedwhenwriting

Sanskritorwhenthereisreligiousrequirement Rule4:D(ଁ)mustbeprecededbyV,C,NorM i) DmaybeprecededbyV(examples:କଅଁଳିଆ, ନିଆଁ, ପାଇଁ, ଯେଉଁ,)

ii) DmaybeprecededbyC(example:ମୁହଁ, ପହଁରା)

iii) DmaybeprecededbyN(example:ପୋଢ଼ୁଁଆ)iv) DmaybeprecededbyM(examples:ନାହିଁ, ନାଁ, ଗାଁରେ)

Rule5:H(୍)mustbeprecededbyCorNi) HmaybeprecededbyC,(example:ଠିକ୍, ଭୁଲ୍, ହଠାତ୍)


29

ii) HmaybeprecededbyN(example:ଗାର୍ଡ଼୍, ୱାର୍ଡ଼୍)

Rule6:MmustbeprecededbyCorNi) MmaybeprecededbyC(example:ମୁହଁ, ପହଁରା, ନୁହଁ)ii) MmaybeprecededbyN(example:ବଢ଼ିଆ,ଗଡ଼ୁ)

8 Contributors

ThisproposalispreparedandsubmittedbyMr.KuldeepPatnaik(Freelancer)andreviewedbyDr.DevasisaJethy,Oriyalinguisticanalyst,translatingmedicalsciencetoOdia,coauthorofabook(Odiaequivalentsofscientificterms)fromCentralInstitutionofIndianLanguages,Mysore.

FollowingNBGPmembershelpedMr.KuldeepPatnaiktotakecrucialdecisionwhileworkingtogetherfornineIndianlanguagesincludingOriya(Odia).

Position Name Organization Country LanguageExpertise

Co-Chair AjayData DataXgenTechnologies India Hindi,EnglishCo-Chair MaheshD.Kulkarni C-DAC India Marathi,HindiCo-Chair UdayaNarayana

SinghVisva-Bharati,Santiniketan,WestBengal

India Bengali,Maithili,Hindi,English

Member AkshatS.Joshi C-DAC India Hindi,MarathiMember AtiurRahmanKhan C-DAC India BanglaMember DrDebasishyaJethy Oriyalinguisticanalyst India OdiaMember JayPaudyal Consultant India HindiMember NehaGupta C-DAC India HindiMember ShanmugamR C-DAC India TamilMember VeenaSolomon (freelancer) India Malayalam

FollowingisthelistofotherNBGPmemberswiththeirlanguageexpertise.

Position Name Organization Country LanguageExpertise

Member AbhijitDutta Wikimedia India Bengali,Hindi

Member AnivarA.Aravind IndicProject India Malayalam


30

Member AnupamAgrawal TataConsultancyService India Hindi,Bengali

Member ArvindBhandari GujaratUniversity India GujaratiMember AshishModi DataXgenTechnologies India HindiMember BalKrishnaBal KathmanduUniversity Nepal NepaliMember BalaramPrasain TribhuvanUniversity Nepal NepaliMember BASANTAKUMARPANDA RegionalInstituteof

Education(NCERT)India Odia

Member BhimDhojShrestha Consultant Nepal Nepali,Newar

Member ChitritaChatterjee InternetandMobileAssociationofIndia(IAMAI)

India MultiplelanguagesrepresentedbymembersofIAMAI

Member DEBAJITSHARMA AnundoramBorooahInstituteofLanguageArtandCulture

India Assamese

Member DevDassManandhar Consultant Nepal Nepali,NewarMember DhanalakshmiKT NorthernTrust India KannadaMember GaneshMurmu RanchiUniversity India SantaliMember GangadharPanday BabulFilmsSociety India TeluguMember GhanashyamNepal BenaresHinduUniversity&

UniversityofNorthBengalIndia Nepali

Member GirishChandraMishra LanguageTechnologyCentre,RavenshawUniversity

India Odia

Member GurpreetSinghLehal PunjabiUniversityPatiala India PanjabiMember HarishChowdhary NIXI India HindiMember HempalShrestha NepalEntrepreneurs'Hub

(NEHUB)Nepal Nepali,

NewarMember JijoPappachan DN.Domains India MalayalamMember K.C.Tikayatray OdiaBhasaPratisthan India OdiaMember KalyanVasudeoKale Formerlyaffiliatedwith

UniversityofPuneIndia Marathi

Member KuldeepPatnaik(Editor) Freelancer India OdiaMember MukeshSaini EsselGroup India HindiMember N.DeivaSundaram NDSLingsoftSolutionsPvt

LtdIndia Tamil

Member NirajanParajuli NREN Nepal NepaliMember NishitJain C-DAC India HindiMember PawanChitrakar Gapsco Nepal NepaliMember PrabhakarPandey C-DAC India Hindi


31

Member PrasadPK A-onePublishers India MalayalamMember PrateekPathak ISOCMumbai India DevanagariMember RaiomondDoctor NLPConsultant India English,

Hindi,Marathi,Gujarati

Member RajibChakraborty SocietyforNaturalLanguageTechnologyResearch

India Bangla(Bengali)

Member RajivKumar NIXI India Member S.Maniam InternationalForumITfor

TamilSingapore Tamil

Member SanthoshThottingal Wikimediafoundation India Malayalam,Sourashtra,Tamil

Member SarojaBhate UniversityofPune India SanskritMember ShambhuKumarSingh NationalTranslation

Misson,MysoreIndia Maithili

Member ShantaramS.WardeWalawalikar

IndependentResearcher India Konkani

Member ShashiPathania P.G.D.ofDogri,UniversityofJammu

India Dogri

Member ShubhamSaran NIXI India Member SinnathambiShanmugarajah UniversityofColombo

SchoolofComputingSriLanka Tamil

Member SujithKartha Digitalkz.com India MalayalamMember SurajAdhikari Mercantile

Communications(and.npccTLD)

Nepal Nepali

Member SwarnaPrabhaChainary GuwahatiUniversity India BodoMember U.B.Pavanaja http://vishvakannada.com/ India KannadaMember UmaMaheshwarG CALTS,Univ.ofHyderabad India TeluguMember UttamShresthaRana NPNOG Nepal NepaliMember VinayMurarka Consultant;

https://मेरा.भारतIndia Hindi

Table15:ContributorsandNBGPanel


32

9 References

[MSR] IntegrationPanel,"MaximalStartingRepertoire—MSR-4OverviewandRationale",7February2019,https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-4-overview-25jan19-en.pdf(Accessedon18February2019)

[NBGP]Neo-BrahmiGenerationPanel

[CodeCharts]TheUnicodeStandard10.0CharacterCodeChartshttp://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf(Accessedon12January2018)

[0] TheUnicodeStandard1.1 AnycodepointoriginallyencodedinUnicode1.1



[101] Omniglot,"Oriya",https://www.omniglot.com/writing/oriya.htm(Accessedon12January2018)

[102] Odia(Oriya)alphabet-Wikipediahttp://www.academia.edu/9999923/The_Oriya_Script_Origin_Development_and_Sources(Accessedon07December2018)

[103] Odialanguage-http://indohistory.com/oriya.html(Accessedon07December2018))

[104] Oriya(Unicodeblock)–Unicode.org,(Unicode_block)

[105] OdishaStateGovt.PrimarySchoolGrade1e-book“HasaKhela”:byOdishaPrimaryEducationProgrammeAuthority http://opepa.odisha.gov.in/website/Download/e-Text-Book/CLass%20I/Hasa%20Khela%20Part%20II/Haso%20Khelo-II-Page-112.pdf


33

[106] NBGP,PublicCommentFeedbackforKannada,Telugu,OriyascriptLGRProposals,https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m9MbBfNBQZAFc9SOYpt0lgeeyM3N-DsUP173J4Vb948(Accessed13February2019)

10 AppendixA:Cross-scriptConfusableCodePoints

Oriya script has a set of possible cross-script confusable code points with the Gujarati,Bengali,Telugu,andKannadathatdonotrisetothelevelofcross-scriptvariant.

10.1 OriyaandGujarati

Thefollowingcharactersarevisuallyconfusable.TheNBGPdiscussedandconcludedthattheyaresimilarcodepointsbutshouldnotbeconsideredasvariantcodepoints.

Oriya Gujarati

ଃ(0B03) ◌ઃ(0A83)

ପ(0B2A) ઘ(0A98)

ଥ(0B25) થ(0AA5)

Table16:ConfusablecodepointsbetweentheOriyaandGujaratiscripts

10.2 OriyaandBengali

Thefollowingcharactersarevisuallyconfusable.TheNBGPdiscussedandconcludedthattheyaresimilarcodepointsandshouldnotbeconsideredasvariantcodepoints.

Bengali Oriya

ও(0993) ଓ(0B13)

Table17:ConfusablecodepointsbetweentheOriyaandBengaliscripts

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyareneithervariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints.

Bengali Oriya Resolution

ঘ(0998) ସ(0B38) Distinguishable

Table18:Other resolutionsbetweenOriyascriptandBengaliscript

10.3 OriyaandTelugu

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyarenotvariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints


35

Oriya Telugu Resolution

ଠ(0B20) ర(0C30) Distinguishable

ଠ(0B20) ఠ(0C20) Distinguishable

Table19:OtherresolutionsbetweentheOriyaandTeluguscripts

10.4 OriyaandKannada

ThefollowingcharacterswerediscussedandtheNBGPconcludedthattheyarenotvariantcodepointsnorconfusablecodepoints

Oriya Kannada Resolution

ଠ(0B20) ರ(0CB0) Distinguishable

ଠ(0B20) ಠ(0CA0) Distinguishable

Table20:OtherresolutionsbetweentheOriyaandKannadascripts


36

11 AppendixB:OriyaDialects

TherearedifferentwaysofspeakingandmeaningofwordsinlocalOriyaLanguage.Howeverthescriptremainsthesame.611.1.1.1 StandardOdiaKatakiOdiaorTheOdiaofMughalbandiregionconsideredasStandardOdiaduetoliterarytraditions.ItisspokenmainlyintheeasternhalfofthestateofOdisha,withlittlevariation,indistrictslikeKhurdha,Puri,Cuttack,Jajpur,Jagatsinghpur,Kendrapada,Dhenkanal,AngulandNayagarhdistrict.11.1.1.2 Majorforms,ordialectsMidnaporiOdia:SpokenintheundividedMidnaporeDistrictofWestBengal.SinghbhumiOdia:SpokeninEastSinghbhum,WestSinghbhumandSaraikela-KharsawandistrictofJharkhandBaleswariOdia:SpokeninBaleswar,BhadrakandMayurbhanjdistrictofOdisha.GanjamiOdia:SpokeninGanjamandGajapatidistrictsofOdishaandSrikakulamdistrictofAndhraPradesh.SambalpuriOdia:SpokeninBargarh,Bolangir,Boudh,Debagarh,Jharsuguda,Kalahandi,Nuapada,SambalpurandSubarnapurdistrictsofOdishaandbysomepeopleinRaigarh,Mahasamund,RaipurdistrictsofChhattisgarhstate.DesiyaOdia:SpokeninKoraput,Rayagada,NowrangpurandMalkangiriDistrictsofOdishaandinthehillyregionsofVishakhapatnam,VizianagaramDistrictofAndhraPradesh.Bhatri:SpokeninSouth-westernOdishaandeastern-southChhattisgarh.Halbi:SpokeninundividedBastardistrictofChhattisgarh.HalbiisamixtureofOdiaandMarathiwithinfluenceofChatishgarhitriballanguages.6ExtractedfromWikipedia,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odia_language#Major_forms_or_dialects


37

PhulbaniOdia:SpokeninPhulbani,PhulbaniTown,KhajuripadablockofKandhamal,andinnearbyareasborderingBoudhdistrict.ThislanguagegainedmomentumduringtheamalgamationofKandhamal(Phulbani),andBoudh,regionintoasingledistrictPhulabani,11.1.1.3 Minornon-literaryandtribalformsordialectsSundargadiOdia:VariationofOdiaSpokeninSundargarhdistrictofOdishaandinadjoiningpocketsofJharkhandandChhattisgarh.KalahandiaOdia:VariationofOdiaspokeninundividedKalahandiDistrictandneighboringdistrictsofChhattisgarh.Kurmi:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Sounti:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Bathudi:SpokeninNorthernOdishaandSouthwestBengal.Kondhan:AtribaldialectspokeninWesternOdisha..Laria:SpokeninborderingareasofChatishgarhandWesternOdisha.Aghria:SpokenmostlybytheingeniouspeopleofAghriacasteinWesternOdisha.Bhulia:TribalformspokeninWesternOdisha.Sadri:AmixtureofOdiaandHindilanguagewithmajorregionaltribalinfluence.BodoParja/Jharia:TribaldialectofOdiaspokenmostlyinKoraputdistrictofSouthernOdisha.Matia:TribaldialectofOdiaspokeninSouthernOdisha.Bhuyan:TribaldialectofOdiaspokeninSouthernOdisha.Reli:SpokeninSouthernOdishaandborderingareasofAndhraPradesh.Kupia:SpokenbyValmikicastepeopleintheIndianstateofTelanganaandAndhraPradesh,mostlyinHyderabad,Mahabubnagar,Srikakulam,Vizianagaram,EastGodavariandVisakhapatnamdistricts.


38

12 AppendixC:OriyaCharacters

OdishaStateGovernmentPrimarySchoolGrade1e-book“HasaKhela”[105]page112listsalltheOriyacharactersasshowninFigure4.

Figure4:OdishaStateGovt.PrimarySchoolGrade1e-book(Page112)

13 AppendixD:NBGPCross-scriptVariantInclusionPolicy

If,inanytwogivenscripts,allthepotentialcross-scriptvariantsconsistofdependent(e.g.VowelSigns,Anusvara,Visarga,Chandrabinduetc.) charactersONLY, then that entiresetcanbeignoredandnocross-scriptvariantsbeproposedbetweenthosetwoscripts.

If,inanytwogivenscripts,thereisATLEASTONEnon-dependent(e.g.Consonant,Voweletc.)cross-scriptvariantcharacter/sequencepresent,allthepotentialcross-scriptvariantsbeconsideredandproposedbetweenthetwoscripts.Thiscross-scriptanalysishasbeenrestrictedtothescriptsthathavedescendedfromthe


39

Brahmiasmostofthemsharesimilarusagepatterns.Byandlarge,allofthesescriptshaveacommonsetofcharactersthatexistedinBrahmiscriptandbearthesameidentities.However,asthescriptsbranchedoutfromtheBrahmi,dependingonvariousfactors,theshapesofthecharacterschanged.Thischangeintheshapewasnotuniformacrossallthecharactersandthescripts.Somecharactersshapesdidchangesignificantlywhereassomeofthemstillretainedsimilarity.Thecross-scriptsimilarityanalysisalsoaimstoidentifysuchcaseswherethesamecharacterretainedalmostthesameshapedespitebeingpartofthedifferentscripts.Thesesetofcharactersarevariantsofeachotherintruesensethanmerelyofco-incidentalvisualsimilarity.CaseofMalayalamMyanmar,andOdia(Oriya):Thisisthecaseof"ConsonantTtha"whichhappenedtoretainthesameshapedespitebeingpartofdifferentscripts,i.e.,Malayalam,MyanmarandOdia.Thesecharactersare:

ഠ - MALAYALAMLETTERTTHA(U+0D20)ଠ - ORIYALETTERTTHA(U+0B20)

Boththecharacters,lookexactlyalikeandbelongtoa"Consonant"category.Astheyareconsonants,eachofthem,eveninthesimplestformi.e.thecharactersthemselves,arevalidlabels.AspertheNBGPcross-scriptvariantinclusionpolicy,thisisavalidcaseforinclusion.Also,eveniftheyaresinglecharacters,whenthesamecharactercombines,theoreticallytheycanforminfinite7numberofcross-scriptvariantlabelsbetweenthescriptsinvolved.Herearesomesamplesofsomeofthoselabels:

Malayalam Myanmar Oriya

ഠഠഠU+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ဝဝဝ

U+101DU+101DU+101D

ଠଠଠU+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

ഠഠഠഠU+0D20

U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ဝဝဝဝ

U+101DU+101DU+101DU+101D

ଠଠଠଠU+0B20

U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

ഠഠഠഠഠU+0D20

U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20U+0D20

ဝဝဝဝဝ

U+101DU+101DU+101DU+101DU+101D

ଠଠଠଠଠU+0B20

U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20U+0B20

Since,havingsuchlabelsisarealisticpossibilityandthecorrespondinglabelslookalmostexactlyalike,NBGPhasproposedthemasblockedvariants.

7Thoughtheoreticallyinfinite,thisnumberwouldbelimitedtothenumberofsuchlabelswhoseequivalentpunycodestringwouldnotexceed63charactersincludingtheACEprefix"xn--".


40

NBGPacknowledgestheconcernthatthisshapeisquitegenericandmayhaveparallelsinother scripts not under its ambit.However, asNBGPdoes not have any exposure aboutactualusageofthosecharactersinthoseparticularscripts,NBGPdesistedfromincludingthem in the analysis.As NBGP has already considered all the related scripts under thecross-scriptvariantanalysis,thesimilarityofthecharactersbelongingtoNBGPscriptswithotherscriptsnotundertheNBGPambit,maybeofamereco-incidentalvisualnature.

Additionally,thisconcernisnotlimitedtothesetwocharactersbutforallthecharactersinall thescriptsunder the scopeof theRootLGRprocedure.Carryingout this analysis canpracticallybedoneonlywiththeGenerationPanelsthatexistwhiletheNBGPisactive.ThisstillleavesoutthosescriptswhichmaynothaveaGenerationPanelestablishedyet.Hence,carrying out this exercise in entirety is quite impracticable. This conundrum can beresolved if all the such cases are handled by the "String SimilarityAssessment Panel" ofICANN.

Documents

Proposal for an Oriya Script Root Zone Label Generation ...Sanskrit influence. About 28% of modern Oriya (Odia) words have Adivasi origins, and about 2% have Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu),