Proper Citation and Attribution

Avoiding Plagiarism

Lois S. Sadler and Janene BattenYale University School of Nursing

2010

What is PLAGIARISM?

Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own

What is PLAGIARISM?

Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own

Buying, stealing, borrowing, or otherwise obtaining all or part of a paper; hiring someone to write a paper

What is PLAGIARISM?

Use of another person's work without acknowledgment with the intent to pass it off as your own

Buying, stealing, borrowing, or otherwise obtaining all or part of a paper; hiring someone to write a paper

Submitting the same paper for more than one class

It is a serious offense

It’s easier to track than you think.

Instructors reading your work have a very sound knowledge of the field of interest you are writing about, and can recognize the use of other’s work.

It is easier than ever to find the source of plagiarized material.

When is plagiarism most likely to happen? When assignments or papers are left to the

last minute….plan ahead and stage your work to avoid last minute writing….

When students are stressed by multiple life or academic pressures and try to take short cuts

When students are not careful about their note-taking, or instead of note-taking, copy and paste actual text into their electronic notes folder or paper draft….NEVER DO THIS!

Consequences of Lack of or Inadequate AttributionYSN - Policy #33

Disciplinary Procedures of the School of Nursing

http://intranet.nursing.yale.edu/Intranet/Policies/default.aspx?id=33

Hearing If proven to have plagiarized penalties include

reprimand probation suspension expulsion In addition YSN may refer students for prosecution

Correct Attribution

Students must acknowledge the work of others when they are creating their own works. 

How to Avoid Plagiarism proper and complete citation of

original source of the work ideas words concepts data Images

This applies to paraphrasing or summarizing the work of others as well as direct quotations.

If in doubt, always ask!

PRINT

MATERIA

LS

WEB

STUFF

IMAGES

FROM THE

WEBSource: Public Health Image Libraryhttp://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp

LECTURES

OTHER

STUDENT

IDEAS

Conversa

tions

with

Profess

or

s

How to avoid – Research

keep accurate information about sources

never copy and paste text from another source unless you quote it and cite it as a quote

if your conclusions are same as someone else’s acknowledge consensus

How to avoid – Helpful Tools

Citation Management Tools EndNote ($) RefWorks (Free from the Library)

http://www.med.yale.edu/library/education/guides/subcategory/citations

Quosa Organizes and indexes all your articles and documents http://www.med.yale.edu/library/education/guides/quosa

How to avoid – Writing

organize your work in an original way give exact attribution

use quotation marks and include page number when necessary

citations should allow reader to find material quoted

*see APA Manual 6th Edition pp. 171-172

How to avoid – Editing

Ask yourself is the language my own, even paraphrasing? is this my original idea?

If not, acknowledge source or rewrite to reflect your thoughts and wording

How to Cite

When in doubt

CITE! “ ”

Citation Resources in detail!

APA Manual 6th Edition! Required for courses and

writing assignments Medical Library Info Room

REF20 BF76.7 P83 2010 List price $28.95 ($16 on Amazon)

Citation Resources in detail!

Dedicated links  Nursing Librarian’s APA site

http://www.med.yale.edu/library/nursing/research/apa.html

APA Style.org Style help http://www.apastyle.org/apa-style-help.aspx

Tutorials http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/index.aspx#false General Counsel Office - Copyright

http://ogc.yale.edu/legal_reference/copyright.html Copyright Law and Fair Use

http://www.copyright.gov/

Not APA Style??

If writing for a journal that requires a different style (other than APA) principles are the same consult the specific guidelines for authors

concerning the actual citation format Check the Journal’s/Publisher’s site Manuscript submission Instructions to Authors

Images

There are databases should you need images: Image Resources

http://guides.med.yale.edu/images

Before using any images please check copyright statements for each site

Always cite images found on the Internet

Academic Integrity ModuleMANDATORY

Complete the YSN Academic Integrity Module reviews the basic principles of academic

integrity required for all students as part

of the registration process….

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #1 YSN

Policy #32 Personal Conduct Policy is signed by all students at entry into YSN

Policy #33 Disciplinary Procedures of the School of Nursing

In most cases, when lack of attribution is documented by the faculty, failure of the assignment occurs, followed by the procedure as outlined in Policy #33

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #2 Within the University

Graduate School refers all allegations to the Graduate School Committee on Regulations and Discipline. May result in dismissal from the University.http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/academics/ethics.html

Academic Fraud at Yale University http://www.yale.edu/grants/policies/academic-fraud.html

Consequences of Lack of Attribution or Inadequate Attribution -- #3 In the larger academic and clinical

community Professional careers are ended or severely

damaged- Stephen Ambrose, Doris Kearns Goodwin…others

Resources and References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

American Psychological Association. (2007). APA style guide to electronic references. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Yale College Writing Center -- (

http://www.yale.edu/bass/writing/sources/plagiarism/what.html)

Yale College and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (http://www.yale.edu/graduateschool/academics/integrity.html)

YSN Personal Conduct Policy Policy #32

http://intranet.nursing.yale.edu/Intranet/Policies/default.aspx?id=32 Policy # 33

http://intranet.nursing.yale.edu/Intranet/Policies/default.aspx?id=33