PROMOTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDONESIA

Mohammad Helmy Senior Adviser, Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)

8 September 2015

The Archipelago of Indonesia

http://www.ceritaindonesia.web.id

• 255 million population in 1.9 million km2

• 34 provinces, 511 Cities + Regencies, 17,000 islands

• Almost 60% of the population in Java Island

Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Handling

58%

14%

9%

2%

17%

Organic

Plastic

Paper

Metal

Woods, Glass, Rubber, Fabric, Sand, Other

Source: Indonesia Domestic Solid Waste Statistics, MoE, 2008

69%

14%

14%

3%

Transported to Landfill

Buried, Burnt

Composted, other

Disposed

Waste Handling

Waste Composition

Policy framework: Law No 18/2008 on MSW Management

Central Government authority:

• Policy and strategy formulation

• Formulate national standards, procedure and guidelines

• Conduct capacity building, coordination and facilitation

MSW Management Policy:

• Minimization 3R & EPR; Handling collecting, segregation, transportation, landfill and final processing

• Close open dumping practices and shift to sanitary landfilling / W2E / other methods

• Enhance local government’s services to the community

City and District authority:

• Responsible for the implementation of MSW management policies

• Carry out monitoring, evaluation and control

Anaerobic digestion of MSW as an alternative energy source

• Indonesia has a long experience in the application of AD for micro / small food industries (e.g. tofu, cassava flour) and the utilization of animal manure in animal husbandry in rural areas;

• Energy is generated from waste, which would otherwise be dumped or landfilled, with savings in transport costs, and a decrease of air, soil and water pollution;

• AD development shall complement the activity of waste banks, which have been very successful in Indonesia in the recycling of inorganics (e.g. paper, plastics, etc.);

• Given the high shares of organic waste that are left untreated, there is an enormous untapped potential to generate energy from waste through AD conversion in Indonesia.

Policy framework in Indonesia for waste-to-energy

No. Energy Capacity Electricity Tariff Note

Medium Voltage

1. Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.150,- / kWh X F ($ 8 cents)

2. Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.050,- / kWh X F ($ 7 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste

3. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.450,- / kWh ($ 11 cents) Zero waste

4. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.250,- / kWh ($ 9 cents) Sanitary Landfill

Low Voltage

1 Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.500,- / kWh X F ($ 11 cents)

2 Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.400,- / kWh X F ($ 10 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste

3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.798,- / kWh ($ 13 cents) Zero waste

4 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.598,- / kWh ($ 15 cents) Sanitary Landfill

*F is an incentive factor based on the region where the power plant installed

A Feed-in tariff system for bioenergy-based power generation is in place in Indonesia through Regulation No. 19 (2013) and No. 27 (2014) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources:

Piloting the anaerobic digestion conversion of municipal solid waste in Jambi City (South Sumatra) and Malang Regency (East Java)

Overview of Jambi City

Population 681,616 inhabitants

Area 205.40 km2

Daily waste generation 362.5 tons/day

Waste generation rate 0.53 kg/capita/day

Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill)

72%

Institution responsible for waste management Sanitation, Landscaping, and Cemetery Agency

Coverage area of waste management services 100%

Final Disposal Talang Gulo Landfill (15 km from the city centre). Semi-controlled landfill.

TELANAIPURADISTRICT

PELAYANGANDISTRICT

DANAUTELUK

DISTRICT EASTJAMBIDISTRICT

SOUTHJAMBIDISTRICT

JELUTUNGDISTRICT

KOTABARUDISTRICT

PASARJAMBIDISTRICT

Jambi

=MaterialRecoveryFacility=Landfill=WasteBank

TalangGuloLandfill

8

10

12 11

V

A

B

C

D

G

F

E

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

X

Y

Z

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

8

Jambi City

Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Jambi

• Ongoing practice in Jambi: collection – transportation – final disposal of waste

• Waste-to-energy pilot (Anaerobic Digestion) to treat market waste at Angso Duo market is being developed by ESCAP, in partnership with the Jambi local government authority and UCLG ASPAC

• At Angso Duo market, > 65% of waste composition is suitable for AD conversion (vegetables 56%, fruits 11%)

Waste generation and collection in the Angso Duo market

Overview of Malang Regency

Population 2,466,277 inhabitants

Area 3,238 km2

Daily waste generation 1603 ton/day

Waste generation rate 0.65 kg/cap/day

Waste collection rate (waste transported to the landfill)

4.7%

Institution responsible for waste management

The Human Settlements and Spatial Planning Agency

Coverage area of waste management services

76%

Final Disposal

a. Randuagung Landfill, Singosari (open dumping) b. Talangagung Landfill, Kepanjen (semi-controlled landfill) c. Paras Landfill, Poncokusumo (semi-controlled landfill) d. Rejosari Landfill, Bantur (open dumping)

KasembonDistrict

NgantangDistrict

PujonDistrict Karangploso District Singosari

District

LawangDistrict

PakisDistrict JabungDistrict

TumpangDistrict

DauDistrict

WagirDistrict

Ngajum District

WonosariDistrict

KromanganDistrict

SumberpucungDistrict

Kepanjen District

Pakisaji District

TajinanDistrict

BululawangDistrict

GondanglegiDistrict

PlaranDistrict

Turen District

WajakDistrict

PancokusumoDistrict

Ampelgading District

TirtoyudoDistrict

DampitDistrict

SumbermanjingWetanDistrict Gedangan

District

BanturDistrict

Pagak District

KalipareDistrict

DonomulyoDistrict

MalangRegency

=MaterialRecoveryFacility=Landfill=WasteBank

PujonLandfill RanduagungLandfill

2

4

3

6ParasLandfill

BululawangLandfillTalangAgung

Landfill

PagakLandfill RejosariLandfill 9

5

1

8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1718

19

20

21

22

7

A

B

CD

E

Malang Regency

Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Malang Regency

• Malang Regency is mostly composed of peri-urban areas, with extensive areas for plantation, agriculture and animal breeding;

• A 2 ton per day waste-to-energy pilot will be developed by ESCAP, in partnership with Malang Regency, the local community and UCLG ASPAC, to treat waste from the Mantung market, as well as the organic waste from other smaller markets nearby and animal husbandry waste;

• Ongoing practice in Mantung are: waste collection and disposal to the nearest dumping site or river without any further treatment. Additionally, the animal waste from husbandry is simply dumped into the river and no treatment occurs.

Mantung market, Malang Regency

Expected Results and Challenges

Waste-to-energy plants for treating organic waste in Jambi and Malang Regency operate in a financially sustainable manner and provide energy to the surrounding communities in the form of heat and/or electricity

Reduction in the waste transported and disposed into landfills, thereby saving landfill area and reducing waste transportation costs

The model is replicated to other cities in Indonesia

Segregation of waste at source is typically not practiced or enforced in Indonesia

Tipping fees are traditionally not paid by municipalities

Low budget allocations to MSW Management can be an issue for ensuring the financial sustainability of “waste-to-resource” initiatives, especially AD and composting

Technical issues are likely in handling a “new” waste conversion approach, and therefore the a need for capacity building of plant managers and operators

Expected results:

Challenges:

Thank You. Terima Kasih

Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)

Secretariat: Jl. Krekot Bunder IV Blok H No 19, Pasar Baru, Jakarta-Pusat sekretariat@inswa.or.id, inswa.org@gmail.com http://inswa.or.id Field Office: TPS 3R RAWASARI Jl. Rawa Kerbau 5A- Rawasari Selatan, Cempaka Putih Timur, Jakarta Pusat 10510 Telp: (+62-21) 4627 1206 Fax :(+62-21) 4627 1207