Project title: Characterisation of PM pollution with long term measurements in urban and rural areasXavier Querol, CSIC, Spain (proposing project, but not as a coordinator)

Objectives: Detailed characterisation of PM in urban and rural background monitoring stations (5-6 twined sites across EU). Complemented with interpretation of pollution scenarios (local and regional pollution, LRT episodes, both from natural and anthropogenic origins, and Atlantic advective (clean))

Location: in 5-6 regions EU covering climate & geo variations

Proposal for an Apheis PM characteristics

Proposed methodology- Selection of 5-6 twined sites and regions:- Committee (environ and health experts) for selection of PM parameters (ie BS!!!, dust, SIC, OM, EC, sea spray, #/cc, metals, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PAH???)

- Implement already existing twined sites to cover needs- Daily study and definition of the type of PM pollution episodes- Identical methodologies should be applied- Measuring for at least 4-5 years- Net able to incorporate new parameters along the study if needed- Inter-compare PM characteristics & type of pollution

Required dataImplementation of already existing twined stationsExpected resultsSupplying data series on PM characteristics across EU in urban and rural environments, and obtaining data onphenomenology of the specific pollution scenarios defined above across EU.The comparison between the urban and closerural background sites may allow differentiatinglarge scale pollution episodes from very local onesand obtaining PM characteristics for each one with thefinal goal of supplying information for policy on PMAbatement strategies

Proposal for an Apheis PM characteristics

Disciplines involvedAQ monitoringChemistryEpidemiologyMeteorologyAdministrative and financial professionals

TimetablePrior to measurements: 12 month.Data collection: 14 months (for a 3y. project), but ideally 48-60 monthData analysis: 8-12 months Report/paper writing: 6 months

Proposal for an Apheis PM characteristics

Need for funds This project implies:- A first non experimental work by committee to select parameters- Purchase of instrumentation to implement stations- Laboratory analysis- Travel and subsistence funds for the training- Contracts for personnel

Proposal for an Apheis PM characteristics

PM

10 (

µg

/m3)

Aportes locales directos(Tráfico, T)

Fondo Regional (FR)

Fondo Urbano (FU)

De-composición de contribuciones Lenschow et al. (2001)

unnacounted

metals

OC+EC

marine

mineral

NH4+

NO3-

nmSO42- 10

20

30

40

50

60

µg

/m3

PM10/PM2.5

Las Palmas48/18 µg/m3

Barcelona47/28 µg/m3

Llodio33/24 µg/m3

Bemantes19/14 µg/m3

Alcobendas29/17 µg/m3

Huelva36/19 µg/m3

Wien53/38 µg/m3

Illmitz24/20 µg/m3

Berlin40/26 µg/m3

Berlin29/22 µg/m3

Helsinki25/12 µg/m3

Helsinki14/8 µg/m3

Basel28/- µg/m3

Kerbside station

Urban background

Rural background

)

Wien: Schneider (2002)Berlin: Abraham (2001)Helsinki: Pakkanen et al., (2001)Basel: Röösli et al. (2001)

PM CHARACTERISATION AND SOURCESX. QUEROL1, H.C. HANSSON2

1Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra del CSIC, Barcelona, Spain

2Institute of Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm, Sweden

with the collaboration of:

R.M. HARRISON3, E. BURINGH4, M. LUTZ5, P. BRUCKMANN6,

P. STRAEHL7, J. SCHNEIDER8

3University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

4Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Millieu, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

5Senate Department of Urban Development, Berlin, Germany

6Landesumweltamt NRW, Essen, Germany

7Swiss Agency for the Environment, Berne, Switzerland

8Federal Environment Agency, Vienna, Austria

xavier.querol@ija.csic.es Milano, 10th December 2003

AVHRR 16 km © 1998 Planetary Visions

• 3 sites in Germany, Berlin (1998 and 2000-2001), Lenschow et al. (2001), Abraham (2001) and Senate Department of Urban Development

• 10 sites Spain (1999-2001), Querol et al. (2001 and 2003), Artíñano et al. (2003) and Rodriguez et al. (2002)

• Sweden (1999-2001), Areskoug et al. (2003) and Swietlicki et al. (2003)

• The Netherlands (1998-1999) were obtained from National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, specially Viesser et al. (2002)

• United Kingdom (2001) 4 paired urban background and roadside sites in London and Birmingham (Harrison et al. 2003)

• 2 sites Illmitz-Wien, Austria (2001), Federal Environment Agency in Vienna

• 3 sites in Switzerland (2001), Agency for the Environment in Bern

PM10 AND PM2.5 DATA USED

20 µgPM2.5/m3

THE NETHERLANDS

28 µgPM2.5/m3

SPAIN

PM2.5 at Kerbside sites

3%, 0.6 µg/m3 3%, 0.7 µg/m3Marine aerosol

16%, 4.5 µg/m3Regional back12%, 3.3 µg/m3City & Industrial back

28%, 7.8 µg/m3

27%, 5.5 µg/m3

19%, 3.8 µg/m3

36%, 9.3 µg/m3

Secondary inorganics

14%, 2.9 µg/m3 11%, 3.1 µg/m3Unaccounted

8%, 2.1 µg/m3

14%, 3.9 µg/m3

19%, 5.4 µg/m3

41%, 11.4 µg/m3

Regional back.

Local traffic at kerbsidesUrban back

16%, 3.2 µg/m3

6%, 1.3 µg/m3

11%, 2.2 µg/m3

33%, 6.7 µg/m3 OC+EC

Mineral

7%, 1.9 µg/m3

4%, 1.0 µg/m3

6%, 1.8 µg/m3

17%, 4.7 µg/m3

Regionaal back.

Local traffic at kerbsidesUrban back (demolition & road)

3%, 0,6 µg/m3

1%, 0,1 µg/m3

1%, 0,1 µg/m3

4%, 0.7 µg/m3

Conclusions: Important differences on mineral dust in PM2.5OC/EC most important and sec. Inorganic, dust next