PREFACE

The Project on “An analysis of user perception & satisfaction of three

wheelers” is a detailed survey of the market which is divided into two

logical segments.

Passenger carrier segment

Loader segment

This project only deals with the loader segment of three wheelers (diesel

engine).

The project has been undertaken to analyze user perception and

satisfaction about the product that is Vikram 750D and also helps in giving

precise information about the competitors in the local market i.e. the

Lucknow city and their standing in it. Hence, the project tries to give a good

glimpse of the areas in consideration.

The project also covers other aspects as well such as to study warranty

policy and procedures of different products of the companies competing in

the loader segment of three wheelers and investigating user preferences for

any particular brand, their average daily income, average maintenance per

month.

The project has been displayed in a simple and logical manner. It has been

divided into four sections and each of these sections deal with separate

topic as can be witnessed.

Great efforts have been taken to maintain the truthfulness and validity of

the project through an extensive study so that it can serve as a feedback for

Scooters India Ltd., Lucknow and help the organization in designing their

future course of actions.

CONTENTS

Section – A : The Inductry Profile, The Company Profile,

The Products, The Competitors

Section – B : Project Profile

The Project

Section – B : Project Profile

Problem Defined

Section – C : Project Design and Methodlogy

I. Research Problem

II. Research Objectives

III. Research Design

IV. Data Source

Area of work.

Data collection method.

Analytical tools used.

Sample size.

Limitation of the Survey

Section – D : Analysis

I. Primarv7 Data Tabulation and Interpretation

II. Findings

III. Conclusion

IV. Recommendation

Appendices

I. Appendix A

II. Appendix B

THE INDUSTRY

A sound transportation system plays a pivotal role in the country's rapid

economic and industrial development. The well developed Indian

automotive industry, with deep forward and backward linkages, ably fulfils

this catalytic role by producing a wide variety of vehicles passenger cars,

light medium and heavy commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles such as

jeeps, scooters, motor-cycles, mopeds, three wheelers, tractors etc.

Since the beginning of liberalization in 1992-93 there has been spectacular

growth in the industry and it achieved a cumulative annual growth rates

(CAGR) of 22% between 1992 and 97 outstripping industrial production

growth by about 30%.

This has led to an increase in its contribution to industrial output from 4.3%

in 1992-93 to 5-4% by 1996-97.

During the period of 1992-97, the automobile component industry has

grown by a CAGR of 28%. Also this period was characterized by the entry

of global automobile manufacturers for setting up-joint ventures in India.

There has been substantial addition to installed capacity from 193-94 to

1998-99.

GROWTH IN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

The sharp growth of this sector has been partly driven by the impact of

lower interest rates on demand, intermediated by a competitive financial

sector which has steadily cut prices of automobile loans as interest rates

went down. There has also been considerable success in obtaining export

growth. The number of total automobiles exported has increased to

2,15,318 during April-December 2002 compared with 1,28,119 during the

corresponding period of previous years, reflecting a buoyant growth of 68.1

per cent. The magnitudes seen, such as export of 1,24,818 two- wheelers

and 32,024 three-wheelers registering a growth of 71.8 percent and 215.4

percent, respectively during April-December 2002 over the same period of

the last year, are significant accomplishments. Roughly 10 per cent of

automobile components produced in India are now exported. If the present

growth rates continue, within roughly two years, India will be a significant

exporter of automobiles on the world stage.

AUTO POLICY OF GO VERNMENT OF INDIA

VISION

TO ESTABLISH A GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE AUTOMOTIVE

INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND TO DOUBLE ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE

ECONOMY BY 2010.

1 POLICY OBJECTIVES

This policy aims to promote integrated, phased, enduring and self-

sustained growth of the Indian automotive industry. The objectives are to:-

Exalt the sector as a lever of industrial growth and employment and to

achieve a high degree of value addition in the country;

Promote a globally competitive automotive industry and emerge as a

global source for auto components;

Establish an international hub for manufacturing small, affordable

passenger cars and a key center for manufacturing Tractors and Two

wheelers in the world;

Ensure a balanced transition to open trade at a minimal risk to the

Indian economy and local industry;

Conduce incessant modernization of the industry and facilitate

indigenous design, research and development;

Steer India's software industry into automotive technology;

Assist development of vehicles propelled by alternate energy

sources;

Development of domestic safety and environmental standards at par

with international standards.

The Auto Policy has spelt out of direction of growth for the auto sector in

India and addresses most concerns of the automobile sector, includine-

Promotion of R&D in the automotive sector to ensure continuous

technology up gradation, building better designing capacities to

remain competitive;

Impetus to Alternative Fuel Vehicles through appropriate long term

fiscal structure to facilitate their acceptance;

Emphasis to low emission fuel auto technologies and availability of

appropriate auto fuels and encouragement to construction of safer

bus/truck bodies- subjecting unorganized sector also to 16% excise

duty building activity as in case of OEMs

The policy has rightly recognized the need for modernizing the parch profile

of vehicles to arrest degradation of air quality. The terminal life policy for

commercial vehicles and move toward international taxing policies linked to

age of vehicles, are steps in the right direction.

However, with the Auto Policy in place, the automotive industry would get

further fillip to become vibrant and globally competitive. The industry would

get the required support from other Ministries and departments of

Government of India in achieving the goals laid down in the auto policy.

Identifying three-wheelers as a major source of pollution, the Environment

Pollution Control Authority (EPCA) has suggested to the Supreme Court

that new additions to the auto rickshaw fleet in Delhi should be zero

emission vehicles like the battery-operated ones.

In its report to the Supreme Court recommending no increase in the three-

wheeler strength in the city, the EPCA noted that these vehicles were vital

to the transportation plan of the city as they transport more people than

private cars. “It needs to be promoted,” the EPCA felt but said in the

interim, till the Delhi Government came out with a concrete plan, "increase

in the number of three - wheelers should be allowed only in the category of

zero emission vehicles, namely battery-operated three-wheelers".

Stating that all was not well with the enforcement of the clean fuel norm for

three-wheelers, the pollution control body added "the data from the visible

pollution drive of the Delhi Government shows that autos are contributing to

the pollution load in the city".

Another factor which contributed to the pollution was that low quality and

illegal loose oil was being sold hi open market contrary to the orders of the

Supreme Court, EPCA said and added "this is adding to the problem of

poor maintenance and emissions".

It pointed out that the Delhi Government has not yet exhausted the extra

5000 permits for new TSRs granted by the Supreme Court as only 3000

new permits have been given till date.

The largest player Bajaj Auto has bored the brunt of the slowdown and with

a market share of 84% this has meant a fall in industry volumes too.

But all news is not bad news for the industry.

The second largest player Force Motors has shown a significant rise in

volumes due to the encouraging response its 'Minidor’ model has received.

The passenger carrier has proved to be a cheap and effective means of

personal transport. During the year, Mahindra & Mahindra made an initial

foray in the segment with its electric vehicle ‘Bijlee’.

However, in the recent Budget, excise duty on electric vehicles was hiked

for 8% to 16%. With custom duty on components also at a high level, the

affect on future sales remains to be seen.

Scooters India has continued to do perform consistently with a modest rise

in sales. The rise was due to higher exports of its 'Vikarm' range of three-

wheelers to countries like Nepal. The company exported 663 units as

compared to 218 units in FY99.

THE COMPANY

In June 1971 M/s Automobile products of India Ltd. Bombay (API) sent a

request to the Government of India for increasing production capacity for

LAMBETTA two wheelers and three wheelers.

As per the request, API wanted to acquire the entire production facilities of

its ex. Collaboration M/s Innocenti of Italy.

Anticipating an increase in demand for scooters in the country, it was

decided that a public sector unit should be set up in the country for the

purpose.

After informal meetings between Govt. of India, represents by ministry of

Industrial Development M/s Innocenti of Italy in Sept 1971 Govt. of India

decided that it should have 51% share holding. Consequently on 16th June,

1972, the formation of agreement was signed between Govt. of India, API

of India Ltd. and M/s Innocenti of Italy.

The company was incorporated under Companies Act 1956 in 7th

September, 1972 by Registrar of Companies, UP and was to be known as

Scooter India Ltd.

As per the memorandum of Association of the company the main object for

S.l.L. is to design manufacture assembly buy, sell export repair and or

service or otherwise deal in automobile of all types including Scooters,

Mopeds, Motorcycle of being used therewith or manufacture, maintenance

and working thereof respectively.

Scooters India Limited has changed gears. It has added one wheel and has

thus become a three wheelers manufacture fall of life kicking and busting. It

manufactures three wheelers in its factory but sales employment in the

market.

The company has shifted its working from it now stands on three legs which

are

* Supply curve

* Quality productivity

* Discipline

Scooter India limited has met its entire debt obligation including payback of

principal and interest due thereon within the specified time the company

with the active contribution of all the employees which has not only

increased the sales but also developed three new models of three

wheelers.

SCOOTERS INDIA LTD.

THE VISION

To grow into global company constantly striving to meet the changing need

of consumer through constantly improving existing products adding new

products and expanding the customer base.

THE MISSION

To fulfill customers' needs for economic and safe mode of road transport

and quality engineering products through contemporary technologies.

THE OBJECTIVE

The main objective is to provide economical and safe means of

transportation with contemporary technology for movement of cargo

and people.

Providing eco-friendly, flawless and reliable products to fulfill

customer needs.

Achieving the customer satisfaction by providing products at right

price and at right time.

THE QUALITY

Quality is the heart and soul of the company. Getting ISO 9001 certification

was just a milestone but company aims to go miles and miles in terms of

quality achieving customer satisfaction by providing products at right price

and at right time.

Quality in SIL is not limited to product. It has been made all pervasive

because the company believes quality touches. Quality is not what we

understand, quality is what customer wants. Quality is not static but

dynamic.

In SIL the quality of product is assured through the following departments:

Vendor Quality

Customer Quality

Quality Audit

In process, quality has been left in the hands of production department as

the company; strongly believe that quality is produced. Quality can not be

incised by inspection.

The facilities in the quality assurance include well equipped chemical,

physical and metallurgical labs, standard room attached to machine shop.

THE PRODUCTS

The virile and versatile VIKRAM has presented in its family the following

products.

THE PRODUCT MIX

The products can be further classified on the basis of different fuel supply to

the engine.

Vikram 750 (D) and Vikram 410(D) run on diesel engine while Vikram

410(P) run on petrol engine and Vikram 410G which runs on CNG.

VIKRAM 750 D

Vehicle Specifications

Engine 4 Stroke, single cylinder diesel engine, air cooled/water cooled.

Fuel DieselDisplacement 510 CCBore 85 MMStroke 90 MMMaximum Power 7.5 KW @ 3000 RPMMaximum Torque 27 NM @ 1800-2400 RPMCompression Ratio 17.5:1G.V.W 1250 Kgs..Kerb Weight 625 Kgs. for passenger carrier, 570 Kgs. for goods

carrier.Wheel Track 1315 MMWheel Base 2270 MMGround Clearance 140 MMTyre Size 4.5 x 10" 8 plySteering Steering WheelBrakes Hydraulic brakes for simultaneous action on all 3

wheelsSuspension Front coil spring with hydraulic damper Rear leaf

spring with hydraulic damper.Gears Box Constant mesh type, four forward and one reverse

gear.Clutch DryStarting Electric startMaximum speed 52 Km./HourFuel Tank Capacity 10 LitresSitting Capacity Passenger Carrier - Driver + 6 passengers. Goods

Carrier - Driver + 1Applications Pickup/delivery van, garbage carrier, sewage

cleaning, poultry and milk van.

VIKRAM 450 DVehicle Specifications

Engine 4 Stroke, single cylinder diesel engine, air cooled.Fuel DieselDisplacement 395CCBore 86 MMStroke 68 MMMaximum Power 5.51 KW @ 3600 RPMMaximum Torque 16.7 NM @ 2200-2800 RPMCompression Ratio 18:1G.V.W. 990 Kgs.Kerb Weight 450 Kgs. for passenger carrier, 320 Kgs. for goods

carrier.Wheel Track 1168 MMWheel Base 1950 MMGround Clearance 140 MMTyre Size 4.5 x 10" 8 plySteering Steering Wheel and Handle BarBrakes Hydraulic brakes for simultaneous action on

all 3 wheelsSuspension Front coil spring with hydraulic damper Rear leaf

spring with hydraulic damper.Gears Box Constant mesh type, four forward and one reverse

gear.Clutch Wet typeStarting Electric startMaximum speed 48.3 Km./HourFuel Tank Capacity

10 Litres

Sitting Capacity Passenger Carrier - Driver + 3 passengers. Goods Carrier - Driver + 1

Applications Pickup/delivery van, garbage carrier, sewage cleaning, poultry/ milk van, gas cylinder, bottle carrier and postal van.

VIKRAM EV

Vehicle Specifications

Vehicle type Electrical Three Wheeler

Seating capacity 7 passengers including Driver

Wheel base 2270 MM

Wheel track 1316 MM (rear)

Length 3179 MM

Width 1480 MM

Height 1885 MM

Ground clearance 140 MM

Turning radius 3.5 mts.

Maximum stable

inclination angle

32%

Maximum Grease ability 23%

Body type FRP

Frame type Welded channel steel space frame

Suspension Front trailing link Rear under slung type

with semi elliptical leaf spring and hydraulic

shock absorber.

Tyre size 4.5 x 10" 8 ply

Brakes Dual circuit hydraulic drum brake.

Number of batteries Twelve 12 volts rechargeable

Charging time 4 to 6 hours

Total distance covered by

single charging

70 Kms.

In this age of pollution this electric vehicle is exceptionally pollution free as

it is totally working on 12 batteries.

It has stylish and bold masculine bodyline which makes it a different and

attractive looks from others.

The design is used on the concept "Man maximum Machine minimum" that

allows spacious interior having ample space for entire family.

The three wheeler has been launched on trial basis in the heart of Lucknow

and Delhi.

In view of alarming rise in vehicular pollution in cities of India, the State-

owned company Scooters India Ltd (SIL) has launched Vikram EV, an

electric, zero pollution vehicle. Vikram EV is the first zero emission electric

(battery-driven) 3-wheeler of the world (as recorded in the Limca Book of

Records 2003) and its earlier versions are plying in many cities of India and

several other countries like Sudan, Nigeria, Nepal, Bangladesh etc.

Hundred of these three wheelers are already running successfully on

Kathmandu roads (NEPAL) as SAFA TEMPO.

THE FUTURE

The company has future plans of entering into the area of 4-wheeler,

though for a limited segment of zero emissions. Environment is the greatest

heritage and its protection is the highest responsibility.

Eco design of the product and the process is the task for tomorrow.

Accordingly product development is the obsession for the future.

Engineering it through various processes not only to meet but exceed

customer exception is the challenge. Growing into a global company is not

only the goal but has become necessity as the World has turned into global

village without boundaries and there is no place in the global village for

protection.

`

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Research and development has become the prime activity for the

organization. The business today is customer driven. The department

remain in constant touch with the customer to transplant their need and

thinking into the product that satisfy them.

The department serves the customers through design, standardization,

value engineering, defect removal etc.

Scooter India Limited equipped with Auto CAD system advanced

instrumentation testing rings and prototype manufacturing facilities the

company's R&D is recognized, by ministry of science and technology

Government of India. It has distinction of developing fist zero pollution

electric 3-wheeler in India.

THE COMPETITORS

The main competitors in loader segment of Vikram 750D are:

Mahindra & Mahindra's

Champion DX

Price - 1.81,800 Rs.

Bajaj Auto

Diesel GC 1000

Price - 1.28,000 Rs.

Force Motors

Minidor

Price-1.75,000 Rs.

Piaggio's

ape D 501 1 tonner

(Price - 1.23,116)

ape D 801 1.3 tonner

(Price - 1.89,514)

CHAMPION DX

Vehicle Specifications

Engine 4 Stroke, single cylinder diesel engineFuel DieselDisplacement 510 6CCBore 86 MMStroke 68 MMMaximum Power 10.2 bhp @ 3000 RPMMaximum Torque 2.7-10% @ 1800-2400 RPMCompression Ratio 17.5:1Recommended G.V.W

1350 Kgs.

Kerb Weight 686 Kgs.Wheel Track 1360 MMWheel Base 2050 MMGround Clearance 160 MMTyre Size 4.5 x 10.8 PRSteering Worm and roller typeBrakes Dual circuit hydraulic drum brakes, expansion type on

all wheels with Tandem master cylinder. Parking brake : Mechanical cable operated on rear wheels.

Suspension Front : Leading like type with coil springs and shock absorbers Rear : Solid torsion bars with independent swinging arms and shock absorbers.

Gears Ratio 4 forward and 1 reverse, synchromeshClutch Single plate dry diaphragm typeStarting Electric startFuel Tank Capacity

10 Litres

Sitting Capacity Passenger Carrier : 6 + 1 Carrier : Driver _ 1

Other Features a) Front windscreen : Single piece, laminated glass b) Safety : Safety belt for drivers c) Meters/Indicators : Speedometer, fuel gauge, temperature meter, brake oil low level, indicator, hand brake "ON" indicator.

MINODOR

Vehicle SpecificationsEngine Air filter : Oil bath type of oil filer, spin on type oil

sump capacity (Ltr.), 1.75 Ltrs.Fuel DieselDisplacement 499 6CCBore/Stroke 85.0 x 87.8 MM, outside Dia. (MM) 160 MMMaximum Output 7 Kw (ISO) @ 3000 RPMMaximum Torque 25 NM @ 1800-2000 RPMCompression Ratio 21:1Maximum speed 50 Km/Hrs.Weight Maximum permissible FAW : 400, Max. permissible

RAW : 950, Max. permissible GVW : 1350Wheel Three and one spareGround Clearance 140 Wheel baseTyre Size 4.5 x 10" 8 PRSteering Rack and PinionBrakes Parking brake : Mechanical Service brake : Dual

circuit hydraulic self adjusting Front: Drum brake Rear : Drum brake

Suspension Front : Leading like type with coil spring and shock absorber Rear : Solid torsion bars with independent swinging arms and shock absorbers.

Gears Ratio 1-4.10:1, 11-2.28:1, 111-1.37:1, IV-0.87:! Reverse- 3.90:1 Rear Axle - Independent Trailing Axle

Clutch Diaphragm, single plate, dry friction pot type, outside Dia. (MM)- 160 MM

Starting Electric startFuel Tank Capacity 9 LitresSitting Capacity Driver + % (Crew)Other Features Chamber ensures low emissions and excellent

mileage even at high load condition. Powerful, high wattage head lights for comfortable and safe night driving. Dual circuit, highly efficient, self adjusting hydraulic brakes for more safety, longer life and minimum maintenance.

BAJAJ GC 1000

Vehicle SpecificationsEngine 4 stroke Japanese (Kubota) diesel engine Triple

vortex combustion system Oil-air cooling Glow plug provided in engine

Fuel DieselDisplacement 41 6CCTorque 2.14 KG.M @ 2200 R.P.M.Maximum Output 8.5 bhp (6.3 kw)Compression Ratio 24:1Weight G.V.W 995 Kilo Kerb. W 470 kilo Loading

capacity 550 kilo

Wheel base 2025 MMGround Clearance 190 MMTyre Size 1500 Ln. x 1325 Bd. X 250 Ht.Steering

Brakes Hydraulic brakes, 200 MM diameter with tandem master cylinder

Suspension Robust front fork with twin shock absorber & dive link

ant

Gear RatioClutch Single plate dry friction typeStarting Electronic self startFuel Tank Capacity 8 LitresSitting Capacity Driver + 1Other Features Decompression mechanism interlocked with

starter circuit. Attractive twin head lights with halogen lamps, large & attractive side indicators, styled instrument pane.

DIESEL 3-WHEELER

Vehicle Specifications

Engine Single cylinder 4 stroke direct injection, diesel engine.

Fuel DieselDisplacement 395 6CCTorgue 16.7 NM 2200-2400Maximum Output 8.0 bhp 3600 RPMCompression Ratio 18:1Maximum speed 50 Km/Hrs.Fuel consumption 36.4 Km/ltr.Weight Krebs weight, 415 Kg (Pic up), 440 Kg (Delivery

van) Gross weight, 975 Kg (Pic up), 975 Kg (Delivery van)

Wheel base 1920 MMGround Clearance 165 Wheel baseTyre Size 4.5 x 10. 8" 8 PRAxles Rear wheel drive by 2 propeller shafts Front Axle :

Non driven stub axle Rear Axle : Independent drive

Brakes Tandem master cylinder. HydraulicaTly operated, internally expanding shoe type on all wheels.

Suspension Front : Dual action hydraulic telescopic shock absorber with helical spring. Rear : Independent suspension triangular arm, rubber compression dual action hydraulic shock absorber.

Gears 4 forward, 1 reverseClutch Dry single disk with diaphragm springStarting Electric startFuel Tank Capacity 10.5 LitresSitting Capacity Driver + IOther Features Low emission advance power pack, highest

payload Italian styling, lockable cab doors and tool box (9 months unlimited warranty)

THE PROJECT

The project is the result of a survey which was undertaken for a period of

six weeks from the 02 July to 14 August and was conducted in Lucknow

city. The market in Lucknow has been divided into two segments of which

ONLY ONE is dealt in the project. This segment is Loader segment of

three wheelers (DIESEL).

The objectives of the project have been fulfilled by getting response from

the user (drivers) associated to these segments through a personal

interview in the form of a questionnaire.

The responses available through the questionnaire are later on used to

evaluate the demand for the product in the segments and the perception of

the user about the product.

PROFJECT PROFILE

Since the product Vikram750D is not new in the market, the project also

covers an analysis of the trend in the market due to entry of new players in

the loader segment and their effect on the sale of the or Vikram750D

(loader).

It was also required to find out the average cost per month for the

maintenance of product.

One very important aspect of the project is that it also helps to find out

which

features the user would like to avail from a loader.

This has been met by acquire suggestions from the users of other brands of

Loader so that Scooters India Ltd can look upon these feedbacks try to

Manufacture a more user friendly machine in future.

PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

The problems in the market survey are such as that of

The respondents of the survey were mostly illiterate and was not able

to Communicate well.

The respondents of the survey were not able to tell the actual

maintenance cost of the loader.

It was not possible to extract each and every information about the

load carriers as the technological aspect was complex.

Only few of the many users of three wheelers were covered in the

survey.

Project DesignAnd

Methodology

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

The problem formulation is the first step to a successful research process.

The project undertake the problem of analyzing the customer perception

about the Vikram750D and to find the demand of the product in the

potential i.e., the problems dealt in the project is to explore the unnoticed

opportunities that exist in the market.

THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

To identify the affect of Vikram on various automotive range.

Customer's preferences, buying attitude and product image

of Vikram750D in loader segment & 1500'CG in passenger segment.

To getting feedback against few problems.

To identify the competitors in the loader segment of three u heelers i

CNG & loader segment where a company need to change or add

something.

To study customer behavior on post purchase of the product.'

To study the consumer perception of Vikram in loader & passenger

segment.

THE RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design used in the project is exploratory design. The

investigation is carried upon the locals of the Lucknovv city, the rea: for

hoosing this design is to get responses from the customers so that the

company could discover new ideas through their response.

THE DATA SOURCE

The source of data has been according to the segment which mainly

includes interviews of drivers of the load carriers of the different companies

with the help of questionnaire.

The source data collected with the help of personal interviews from the

drivers of CNG passenger & loader segment through the - different

questionnaire for CNG load carrier drivers.

THE AREA OF WORK

The field work is conducted in the Lucknow city only with special reference

to Charbagh. Barabirwa. Rajajipuram. Transport nagar. Sarojini nagar &

Alambaeh.

DATE COLLECTION METHOD

The date collection method used is primary data source. It was done by

collection of information from the respondents by me. The method of

gathering information is

• Survey Method i.e. through a structures questionnaire.

• Observation

THE ANALYTICAL TOOLS USED

The analytical tools used are mostly graphical in nature which include

• Cylindrical charts

• Column charts

• Tables showing percentage

THE SAMPLE SIZE AND DESIGN

The sample size consists of 120 units out of which the most logical and non

biased response are selected thus the sample size is taken out to be 100

units.

The sample design was purposely chosen as STRATIFIED

SAMPLE DESIGN.

As it is more advantageous over rest of the sampling method, under this

method samples are weighted on the basis of importance of various

segments

comprising the market.

The users of loader segment were divided into 4 major subgroups which

are:

• Vikram users

• Champion users

• GC DIESEL 1000 users

• Minidoor users.

In each of these subgroup the sample size for the survey was taken 30

units. Therefore, the total units in the survey of 120 units.

LIMITATIONS OF THE SURVEY

Though, best efforts have been made to make the study (air, transparent

and error free.

But there might be some inevitable and inherent limitations. Though

outright measure are undertaken to make the report most accurate. The

limitations of the survey are narrated below

• The project is valid for Lucknow city only.

• It was not possible to question each of the many users of the load

carrier.

• There may be some biased response form the respondents.

• Some respondents did not provide the full data.