PUNJAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY

TRAINING REPORTOF

SIX MONTHS PRACTICAL TRAINING UNDERTAKEN,

AT

HORIBA INDIAN PVT. LTD.on

Project Assigned

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENTOF THE DEGREEOf

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted To :- Submitted by :

Er. BEANT SINGH(H.O.D) Ashish Ranjan

Department Mechanical Engineering Roll no:100531131272

1

2

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It would be my sacred duty to first express my deep gratitude to Er. Ranjit

Kumar who was not my internal training guide but also incharge of ME Deptt. I am

thankful for their kind co-operation in given shape to this training.

I express my humble thanks to respected Mr. Divesh Jha for spacing every

moment out of his busy schedule for me, who has not only guided me properly but

also gave me an encouraging help to make this training successful one. Without his

able guidance, I would not have been able to complete this training report.

3

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled “PUC” is an authentic record of my

own work carried out at “HORIBA INDIA” as requirements of Industry Internship

project for the award of degree of B.Tech- (ME), Punjab College Of Engg. &

Technology, under the guidance of Er. Ranjit Kumar and Mr. Divesh Jha during

January to June, 2014.

(Signature of student)

Name: Ashutosh Kumar Singh

Roll no. - 100531131273

Date: ___________________

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our

knowledge and belief.

Mr.Divesh Jha Er. Ranjit Kumar

Faculty Coordinator Industry Coord.

4

ABSTRACT

This report is aimed at explaining key areas of my training under the Student

Industrial Work Experience Scheme undertaken at The Horiba India Pvt. Ltd. It

gives a brief introduction about HORIBA, an indigenous design company relevant in

the oil & gas industry. It also gives a good representation of the organizational

structure and the interconnectivity of the various Engineering and Services

Departments.

Effort was made to explain the role of the Mechanical Engineering Department,

bearing in mind the various electrical facilities and relevant softwares. Adequate

coverage has been given to the operations and maintenance training I received, as

well as the specific type of work I was engaged in.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

Title Page.......................................................................................................................i

Certification………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................iii

Declaration……………………………………………………………………………iv

Abstract.........................................................................................................................v

Table of Contents...................................................................................................vi-vii

List of Figures............................................................................................................viii

CHAPTERS

1.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................1

1.1 THE SIWES...............................................................................................1

1.2 AIM……………………………………………...…………………………2

2.0 SIWES WORKPLACE (Company Profile)........................................................3

2.1 HORIBA’s HISTORY...............................................................................3

2.2 HORIBA’s SERVICES..............................................................................4

2.3 HORIBA’s ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE.....................................5

2.3.1 HORIBA’s Departments................................................................5

2.4 HORIBA’s EXPERIENCE........................................................................8

3.0 PROJECT EXECUTION IN HORIBA.............................................................10

3.1 PROJECT INITIALIZATION.................................................................10

3.2 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT..................................................10

3.2.1 Functions of the Discipline Groups.............................................13

4.0 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP............................................................................16

4.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................16

4.2 ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP.............................................16

4.3 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES……………….............................16

4.4 ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES………………………...16-17

6

5.0 SKILLS & PRACTICES ACQUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE.....18

5.0.1 SKILLS ACQUIRED...........................................................................35

6.0 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................36

REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………….37

7

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

FIGURE TITLE Page

Figure 1 HORIBA’s Organizational Chart.....................................................7

Figure 2 Organizational Structure of the Engineering Department...............12

Figure 3 AutoCAD drawing of Single line diagram.....................................21

Figure 4 Chalmlite Lighting calculation result..............................................30

Table 1 Load list for an Offshore platform.............................................18-19

Table 2 Bus Summary..................................................................................23

Table 3 Target grid summaries...............................................................31-34

8

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE SIWES

The Engineering discipline is practical in nature and mainly hinged on experience.

Hence there is great need for any student aspiring to be a professional engineer to

have some form of work experience while studying at school, in a reputable

engineering firm related to his/her course of study.

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is in accordance with the

federal government policy of technical education to enable students to be exposed to

the working experience in industries and to enable them to be useful to their

employers practically and not theoretically alone.

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) gives students the

opportunity to gain some relevant experience before leaving the campus. The

experience gotten by the students during the SIWES program would enable them

quickly fit into the industry upon graduation.

I had my work experience at the National Engineering and Technical Company

Limited (HORIBA), a subsidiary of NNPC, and an indigenous engineering firm. At

HORIBA, I learnt the fundamentals of electrical engineering; computer aided

electrical design, AutoCAD, and other relevant softwares such as Plant design

management system (a 3D drafting software), Chalmlite (a lighting design software).

My day to day activities at HORIBA were recorded in the log book.

9

1.2 AIM

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is aimed at giving

students the opportunity to have work experience and practically apply the theoretical

concepts learnt in the University. It is also aimed at widening the mental and creative

horizon of the students.

10

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 SIWES WORKPLACE (HORIBA’s Profile)

2.1 HORIBA’s HISTORY

The HORIBA Group of worldwide companies provides an extensive array of

instruments and systems for applications ranging from automotive R&D, process and

environmental monitoring, in-vitro medical diagnostics, semiconductor manufacturing

and metrology, to a broad range of scientific R&D and QC measurements. Proven

quality and trustworthy performance have established widespread confidence in the

HORIBA Brand.

Inspired by our unique motto, “JOY and FUN,” we focus on social responsibilities by

building state-of-the-art products for scientific advancement; especially for protecting

health, safety, and the environment. “HORIBARIANs,” the HORIBA employees all

over the world, are looking forward to working with you and providing the best

analytical solution for your needs.

Outlines

The corporate information and HORIBA companies in the world.

Message from the President

Atsushi Horiba, Chairman, President & CEO

Corporate Philosophy

HORIBA's company precept "Joy and Fun" - Originates from the belief that if we

take interest and pride in the work that occupies most of the active time in our lives,

in the place where we spend the majority of each day, then as a result our satisfaction

with life will increase, and we will be able to enjoy our lives even more.

Corporate Culture

“Joy and Fun” represents our desire to see all employees performing work that is

rewarding and allows them to lead happy and fulfilling lives. “Omoi” means an

11

emotional feeling, passion, thoughts, enthusiasm, desire, aspiration, ambition,

commitment, mission, and objective.

Technical Expertise

We live in a world full of challenges and opportunities in varying degrees complexity

and significance. These must be identified measured, analyzed and prioritized. That is

our business.

History

In 1945, while still a student at Kyoto University, Masao Horiba, the current Supreme

Counsel of HORIBA, set up the HORIBA Radio Laboratory in Karasuma-gojo in

Kyoto in order to continue nuclear physics research interrupted by Japan’s defeat in

the war.

National Engineering and Technical Company Limited (HORIBA) is Nigeria’s

premier indigenous engineering company. It is a fully owned subsidiary of the

Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), providing efficient and reliable

engineering base for the NNPC group and the entire oil and gas industry.

It was established in 1989 as a joint venture between the Nigerian National Petroleum

Corporation (NNPC), and Bechtel Incorporated of USA, a world renowned

engineering company as its technical partner.

Under the joint venture agreement, the NNPC maintained 60% shareholding while

Bechtel held 40%. Commercial business started in August 1990.

However, in December 1996, Bechtel exercised its options under the shareholder’s

agreement and formally pulled out of the Joint venture and subsequently sold its

equity share to the NNPC. HORIBA thus became a fully owned subsidiary of the

NNPC from May 1, 1997.

HORIBA’s motivation, drive and target are embedded in its vision and mission

statements thus:

12

Automotive Test Systems

HORIBA Automotive Test Systems is a leading supplier in the fields of engine test

systems, driveline test systems, brake test systems, wind tunnel balances and

emissions test systems. More than just the world's leading supplier of emissions

testing systems, HORIBA ATS is able to provide total solutions to its customers, with

full turnkey capability.

Not only can we provide you the tools to test in your own facility - we can also do the

testing for you as part of our HORIBA Contract Testing Services. From simple engine

testing to sophisticated dynamic research and development for engines and drivelines

- HORIBA is your complete testing partner.

Upcoming events

Integer Emissions Summit Europe 2014

HORIBA ATS serves manufacturers and suppliers in every industry that utilizes

internal combustion and turbine engines, including:

Automotive

Heavy-Duty On/Off-Road

Lawn and Garden

Marine

Aerospace

Locomotive

Recreational and Utility Vehicles

In addition, HORIBA ATS serves and cooperates extensively with:

Regulatory agencies

Independent test laboratories

Products

Analytical Emissions Systems

On-Board Emissions Systems

13

Portable Emissions Systems

Dilution / Sampling Systems

Engine Test Systems

Driveline Test Systems

Vehicle Test Systems

Brake Test Systems

Wind Tunnel Balances

Automation Systems

NALYTICAL SYSTEMS

Precise, repeatable, robust, and innovative, HORIBA's MEXA-series analytical

systems are widely recognized throughout the industry as the de-facto standard for

emissions analysis. Thousands of HORIBA analytical systems are used in test cells

worldwide by manufacturers, research institutions, independent test laboratories, fuel

producers, and regulatory agencies.

Our service departments are ready to provide maintenance, training and product

support advice, therefore enabling us to guarantee that our customers are fully

supported and achieving maximum operational usage.

Quality and performance are our goal. As legislation on vehicle emissions grows

more stringent, attention remains focused on next generation engine and after-

treatment platforms. HORIBA analyzers and total systems provide for every need

from R&D to emissions certification for engine development.

14

Users of our analytical equipment include:

Regulatory Certification Agencies

Research Laboratories

Vehicle Manufacturers

Engine Manufacturers

Petro-chemical Industry

After-treatment Manufacturers

Tier 1 & 2 Component Manufacturers

The range of HORIBA Analytical Emissions Systems includes:

Standard Emissions Systems

Particulate Mass and Particulate Number Measurement Systems

Special Purpose Analysers

Vision

“To be a world class Engineering Company.”

Mission

“To provide world class engineering services in the oil and gas industry.”

Quality Policy

“To satisfy and strive to exceed customer requirements through continuous

demonstration of quality and active participation of all employees”.

With the exit of Bechtel, potential and regular clients became sceptical with regards to

doing business with HORIBA. In order to change the situation, HORIBA decided to

retool, re-package and re-launch itself. To attain the retooling was a decision to

pursue and obtain the ISO 9001 Quality Certification. The re-launch took place during

the 1st Quarter of 1998 and it was very successful. Once again the clients were

confident in HORIBA. Subsequently, HORIBA executed many major engineering

projects amongst which were: - The Shell’s Cawthorne Channel Gas injection/supply

Project in consortium with Technip Geoproduction of France, detailed Engineering

design of the condensate stabilization unit of the NLNG Expansion Project. HORIBA

15

which had generally been recording operational losses, started to record profits. In

May 2000, Bureau Veritas Quality International (BVQI) successfully audited and

subsequently awarded HORIBA the prestigious ISO 9001 Quality Certificate. This

achievement is the first by any indigenous engineering company in Nigeria.

HORIBA is managed by Nigerian engineers who have been trained locally and abroad

on live projects and in all engineering disciplines.

It is fully equipped to provide its services in all areas of the Oil & Gas industry.

2.2 HORIBA’s SERVICES

HORIBA’s core services include the following:

Feasibility studies.

Conceptual design.

Basic and Detailed Engineering design.

Procurement.

Construction Supervision.

Project Management.

Quality assurance and quality control.

In order to create a conducive environment, HORIBA has established one of the most

equipped engineering offices in Nigeria with the latest in Engineering Design,

Procurement, Project Management, Administrative, Finance and Accounting software

packages.

The library is up-to-date with books on Engineering, Accounting, Management, and

all other disciplines relevant to its operations. It is also equipped with Electronic

Engineering Literature, Drawings and Documentation. It has Internet connection to a

worldwide web for additional engineering information and communication.

16

2.3 HORIBA’s ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

All of HORIBA’s activities are undertaken by specific departments which can be

divided into two major categories namely:

Services: -

This comprises of the non-technical departments.

Operations: -

Comprises of the technical departments.

Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the organisational structure of

HORIBA.

2.3.1 HORIBA’s Departments

The various departments in HORIBA and their functions with respect to project

execution are:

Non-Technical Departments:

Finance and Accounts : -

Treasury management, billings, accounting and financial management.

Administration and Personnel : -

Harnesses human and material resources and set out ways of utilizing them in

order to maximize profit. General administration and personnel management.

Business Development : -

Sourcing for business via bids or otherwise to ensure company growth.

Public Affairs : -

Projecting and sustaining a favourable image for the company.

Quality Assurance/ Control : -

Ensures compliance with company quality standards.

Company secretariat/Legal Services : -

Providing legal insurance and board secretarial services.

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MANAGING DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,Operations.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR,Services

COMPANY SECRETARY/ LEGAL ADVISER

HEAD, QA/QC

FIGURE 1: NETCO’s ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

FinancialController

Manager,Engineering

Manager,Project

Controls

Manager,Projects

Head,Procurement

Training Manager

Head,Construction

Manager,Admin. & Personnel

Manager,Business

Development

Manager,Public Affairs

18

Technical Departments

Engineering : -

It is the heart of HORIBA. Preparation of engineering design and studies.

Project Controls : -

Project planning and scheduling, cost estimating, cost engineering and

information technology.

Projects : -

Co-ordinates the engineering activities being undertaken during any project

including arranging for site visits, liaison with the customers to inform them

about the progress of their projects. Management of all capital projects.

Procurement : -

Management of procurement function for operations. Provides materials

needed by the other departments and keeps stock of what is available in the

stores at any point in time.

Construction: -

Management of construction activities.

Training: -

Organize/arrange staff development programs like on-the-job-training, short-

term courses and seminars, overseas rotational training etc, to ensure that

HORIBA’s personnel are informed of technological advancement in the

industry. It ensures employee development.

2.4 HORIBA’s EXPERIENCE

Since its inception, HORIBA has executed more than 100 projects of varying

magnitude and cost implications. Among these projects are:

Management of the Turn-around maintenance of Nigeria’s four oil refineries.

Detailed Engineering design of the onshore gas plant of the ESCRAVOS gas

project, Phase 1 for CHEVRON.

Conceptual design for the Cawthorne Gas injection/supply project for Shell.

Safety upgrade and As-Built drawing for Shell’s 34 flowstations.

19

Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) of an FPSO vessel for Ashland’s

Okwori project.

Pipeline surveys and implementation (NNPC pipeline phase III).

Production of As-Built drawing’s for Shell’s Bonny Export Terminal and

depots.

Refinery Process Unit Rehabilitation and Revamping (NNPC refineries).

Port-Harcourt Refining Company Ltd. (PHRC) Pollution Abatement and

Control.

Detailed Engineering Design of Fractionation Unit of the NLNG Plus Project

(trains 1, 2, 3, and 5).

Conceptual design of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) water treatment plant,

Conceptual design of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) Gas Utilization Project.

FEED for gas supply to Nigerian LNG project train 6 for Nigerian Agip Oil

Company Limited (The NAOC Project) - which I met on ground.

Agbami Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Topsides Vessel –

which I met on ground.

20

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 PROJECT EXECUTION IN HORIBA

3.1 PROJECT INITIALIZATION

HORIBA’s business starts in the Business Development department when it receives

invitations from prospective clients to submit competitive bids for executing projects.

Relevant departments meet to decide whether the decision is worthwhile. A project

manager is appointed to coordinate the preparation of the bid. This usually involves

most of the departments. Finally, the Business Development department submits the

proposal and follows it up.

If the bid is successful, HORIBA management appoints from various departments a

Project Manager and other personnel that will form the project team.

The Project Manager maintains a harmonious relationship with the client and ensures

that his personnel have the right facilities and a conducive working environment to

execute the project.

The Finance and Accounts department prepares invoices and collects payments from

clients. This helps to maintain a positive cashflow and to ensure that funds are

available for the payment of wages and other corporate expenses.

A typical project team usually comprises mainly of personnel from the Engineering

department.

3.2 THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The Engineering department is the ‘engine room’ of HORIBA’s operations. The

department is directly involved in the execution of jobs and on whose shoulders the

responsibility of meeting client’s specification, quality, work procedure, standards and

schedule rests.

The department is divided into discipline groups. A manager, who reports to the

Executive Director Operations, is Head of the Engineering Department. The role of

the department is fulfilled by a team of Engineers of the various discipline groups. An

Engineer who is more knowledgeable in the activities of the group leads each of the

21

discipline groups. The lead discipline Engineers report to the Engineering manager

on issues regarding project execution and coordination of the groups’ activities.

Figure 2 shows the organizational structure for the Engineering department.

22

ENGINEERING MANAGER

LEAD,PROCESS

LEAD,MECHANICAL

LEAD,PIPING/PIPELINE

PIPING/ PIPELINESGROUP

LEAD,ELECRICAL

LEAD,CONTROL SYSTEMS

LEAD,CIVIL/

STRUCTURAL

PROCESS/ SYSTEMS

GROUPMECHANICAL

GROUPELECTRICAL

GROUP

CONTROL SYSTEMS

GROUP

CIVIL/ STRUCTURAL

GROUP

SECRETARY

FIGURE 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

23

On a typical project, each of the discipline groups contributes to the success of the

project by producing deliverables. Deliverables are the products of a particular group;

they are the documents required for a particular project.

3.2.1 Functions of the Discipline Groups.

Process/ Systems Group:

This discipline is responsible for the translation from conception of a process

using the knowledge of conservation of mass and energy, separation techniques,

fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and process controls into a detailed plant design

phase. They are mainly made up of Chemical Engineers.

Deliverables (documents) produced by this group on a typical project includes:

- Process Flow Scheme/Diagram (PFS or PFD)

- Process Engineering Flow Scheme (PEFS) or P & ID.

- Process Utility Engineering Flow Scheme (PUEFS)

- Process Safeguarding Flow Scheme (PSFS)

- Equipment List

- Line Designation Table (LDT)

- Line Sizing Runs.

- Data sheets and pressure profiles are generated for pumps and control

valves, while data sheets are produced for such process equipment as storage

vessels, heat exchanger, pressure vessels, compressors, furnaces and fire heaters.

Also, the group prepares the process design philosophy for the project.

Civil/Structural Group:

This group is charged with the responsibility of providing all civil/structural

Engineering related activities in the company. These activities include:

- structural design

- structural investigation

- geo-technical engineering

- water supply/ waste water management

- Integrity survey of existing facilities

- Construction supervision

- Project management

24

Pipeline/Piping and Plant Layout Group:

This group is further sub-divided into four groups namely:

- Piping design group.

- Materials group.

- Stress analysis group.

- Pipeline group.

Some of the deliverables they produce on a project are:

- Piping Specification.

- Drawings, plot plans, key plans, piping general arrangement studies (GAS).

- Datasheets: pipe support datasheet and pipe material datasheet.

Mechanical/Vessel Group:

The activities carried out by this group are:

- Selection and Specification of process equipment like: -

Pumps, turbines, fired heaters, heat exchangers, air coolers, and pressure

vessels.

- Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (HVAC) design.

Electrical Group:

Activities carried out by this group include:

- Develop Design Criteria.

- Formulate Power Generation and Distribution Philosophy.

- Carry out load shedding/sharing studies.

- Transient and earth fault condition analysis.

- Electrical Equipment sizing specification and selection.

- Lighting design.

- Hazardous Area classification.

- Single line drawing.

- Electrical layout drawing.

Control Systems/ Instrumentation Group:

Instruments are used in process plants.

Some of the deliverables produced by this group are:

25

- Instrument Index.

- Instrument installation schedule.

- Instrument Data sheets.

- Instrument Installation details.

- Instrument location diagrams.

- Loop and Logic diagrams.

- Interconnection diagram.

- Alarm and shut-down matrix.

- Material requisition.

- Cable schedule.

They also update the Process Engineering flow scheme (PEFS).

During any particular project, the Document Control Centre (DCC) works with the

Engineering discipline groups to control receipt and despatch of project documents.

Through the DCC, project documents are accurately tracked.

All the discipline groups produce their deliverables with the aid of computer

applications and softwares. Some of the applications are: -

AutoCAD, AutoPLANT.

MicroStation.

PDMS.

ISOGEN.

HYSYS, HYSIM.

FLARENET.

FOUNDS, FASTRUDL, STRUCAD, STAAD PRO,

INTOOLS.

PRIMAVERA P3.

MS OFFICE PROFESSIONAL.

PRO/II

During the training, I was attached to the Electrical discipline group which is under

the Engineering department.

26

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 THE ELECTRICAL GROUP

4.1 INTRODUCTION

Usually, a typical project begins in the process group with the conceptual or basic design. The

process group develops the initial block diagrams, evaluates all the options, and proposes the

best alternative for the project. Other disciplines (Electrical group inclusive) will then work

on what the process group has put down.

4.2 ROLES OF THE ELECTRICAL GROUP

On any project, the Electrical group is concerned with the following:

To design a system that delivers energy or electricity to utilization points.

To design a system that is reliable, economical and operationally flexible.

To ensure that the system designed is safe for both personnel and equipment.

4.3 ELECTRICAL GROUP ACTIVITIES

To achieve the above objectives, the following activities are usually carried out by the

electrical group:

Develop design criteria.

Formulate power generation/distribution philosophy.

Carry out load shedding and/or sharing duties.

Carry out transient and earth fault condition analysis.

Develop electrical equipment specifications.

Carry out electrical equipment sizing and selection.

Prepare material requisition(MR) and Bill of Quantities(BOQ) for electrical

equipment.

Technical bid analysis.

Produce electrical deliverables.

4.4 ELECTRICAL GROUP DELIVERABLES

Deliverables are documents produced by a group with respect to the scope of the project. The

deliverables produced by the electrical group are: -

One line diagrams

27

Electrical layout drawings

- Earthing

- Cable

- Lighting

Hazardous area classification

Material Requisition (MR)

Supplementary Drawing

- Data sheets

- Cable schedules

- Schematic and interconnection drawings

- Installation details

- Specifications

COMPUTER SOFTWARES used by the Electrical group are: -

AutoCAD

Plant Design Management System (PDMS)

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Word

Chalmlite

28

29

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SKILLS AND PRACTICES ACQUIRED AS AN INDUSTRIAL TRAINEE

As a student under the SIWES at HORIBA, I was exposed to standard

Engineering design practices. The projects executed at HORIBA ensured that

Engineers worked in teams, hence, I was taught to be a team player, and a good

one at that.

I received training in the following areas of electrical engineering practice:

1. Computation of Load list:

This is one of the starting point for the electrical group activities. For any given

project, it is important to know the specific number of electrical loads on site. This

is to ensure adequate sizing of power sources, cables, distribution boards etc. I

learnt how to compute a load list, which is usually a Microsoft Excel document

showing all intended loads, their tag numbers, current, voltage and power ratings,

efficiencies, power factors, and service duty.

Table 1 below shows a sample load list which I developed for a given offshore

platform.

  ELECTRICAL LOAD SUMMARY FOR THE FOR THE OFFSHORE PLATFORM                

         CONSUMED

LOADS     EQUIPMENT SERVICE DESCRIPTION

DUTY

EFF

PF KW KVA REMARK

TAG NOS.              

  AREA 1              BANK 1: 6.6KV              WATER INJECTION PUMP C 0.92 0.85 300 383.63    WATER INJECTION PUMP S 0.92 0.85 300 383.63    AIR COMPRESSOR I 0.92 0.85 500 639.39    AIR COMPRESSOR C 0.92 0.85 500 639.39    DEMULSIFIER PUMP I 0.92 0.85 200 255.75    DEMULSIFIER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75                   BANK 2: 415V              LIGHTING D.B C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53    CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28    CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP S 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28    CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP C 0.92 0.85 2.00 2.56    CHEMICAL INJECTION SKID PUMP S 0.92 0.85 2.00 2.56  

30

  CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02    CONDENSATE HEATER S 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02    CONDENSATE HEATER I 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02    CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51    CONDENSATE HEATER I 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51    CONDENSATE HEATER S 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51  

 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.50 1.92  

 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.50 1.92  

                 AREA 2              BANK 1: 6.6KV              BOIL-OFF GAS COMPRESSORS C 0.92 0.85 2500 3196.93    BOIL-OFF GAS COMPRESSORS C 0.92 0.85 2500 3196.93                   BANK 2: 415V              LIGHTING D.B C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53    FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 30 38.36    JOCKEY PUMP I 0.92 0.85 30 38.36    CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.02    CONDENSATE HEATER C 0.98 1.00 0.50 0.51  

 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28  

 HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING PANEL C 0.92 0.85 1.00 1.28  

                 AREA 3              EMERGENCY PANEL (DUAL SUPPLY) 6.6KV              START-UP MOTOR I 0.92 0.85 300 383.63    START-UP MOTOR I 0.92 0.85 300 383.63    FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75    FIRE WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75    GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP I 0.92 0.85 200 255.75    GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75    GENERATOR COOLING WATER PUMP S 0.92 0.85 200 255.75                   EMERGENCY PANEL(DUAL SUPPLY) 415V              UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY C 0.98 1.00 29.40 30    LIGHTING DB C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53    LIGHTING DB C 0.98 1.00 1.50 1.53    INSTRUMENT DB I 0.98 1.00 9.80 10    INSTRUMENT DB I 0.98 1.00 9.80 10    CONTROL ROOM DB C 0.98 1.00 4.90 5  

Table 1: Load List for an Offshore Platform.

2. Generation of single line diagrams:

There were many instances where I was required to develop one or single line

diagrams. The electrical load list came in very handy in such instances. A single

line diagram is a schematic drawing that uses graphical symbols and standard

nomenclature to illustrate the overall configuration of an electrical system. The

single line diagram shows diagrammatically the conceptual/detailed design for

31

power generation and distribution on a site, interconnections between various

loads, Generation philosophies, load layouts, busbars and their respective voltage

levels, system protection devices, amongst others. These are well shown on single

line diagrams with standard electrical symbols. I received extensive training on

the use of autoCAD, which is the software used by the electrical group to draw

one line diagrams. Figure 3 below shows the single line diagram which I drew

with the aid of autoCAD for the offshore platform whose load summary is shown

in Table 1.

32

Fig.3 – Single line digram for the Offshore Platform.

33

3. Equipment sizing and Cable sizing:

Areas covered here includes Generator sizing, Transformer sizing, circuit breaker

sizing, and cable sizing calculations. I also learnt about the relevant standards and

codes as regards equipment sizing and cable selection, such as the National

Electric Code (NEC), and the National Electric Manucfacturers

Association(NEMA) codes.

As part of my training, I was given an assignment on equipment and cable sizing

in the Bechtel project. The calculations I carried out are shown below:

CALCULATIONSSIZING OF EQUIPMENT IN THE BECHTEL PROJECT.

SIZING OF TRANSFORMERS AND GENERATORS.FORMULA USED:GEN. SIZING:RUNNING LOAD (RL) = TOTAL CONTINUOS LOAD +30% INTERMITTENT LOAD.PEAK LOAD (PL) = RUNNING LOAD +20% STANDBY LOAD.TRANSFORMER SIZE ≥ I.25 *PEAK LOAD.ASSUMPTION: USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY.

TRANSFORMER SIZING GENERATOR SIZING.

34

BUS SUMMARY

BUS IDENTITY

CONTINUOUSLOADS -C

(KVA)

INTERMITTENTLOADS –I

(KVA)

STANDBY LOADS –S

(KVA)

BUS A, 33KV 30,0000 ---- -----

BUS B, 6.6KV ---- 1380 ----

BUS C ,400V 217.5 55 ----

BUS D ,400V 118.75 ---- -----

BUS E,4OOV 60 22.5 -----

BUS F,400V 295.4 66.68 352.98

TOTAL 30691.65 1524.18 352.98

Table 2: Bus Summary.

GENERATOR SIZING (USING N+1 PHILOSOPHY)RL = 30691.65 + (0.3*1524.18) = 31148.90 KVAPL = 31148.90 +70.60 = 31219.56 KVAFUTURE EXPANSION = 25%PL = 1.25*31219.56 = 39024.45 KVAFOR N + 1 GEN.; WHERE N = 2 PL/2 = 19512.25 KVA

35

GENERATOR SIZE = 3 Nos. 20 MVA GENERATOR.

TRANSFORMER SIZING:T1 (11\ 33 KV)RL = 30,000 KVAPL =30,000 KVA*1.25 =37,500 KVAT1 SIZE = 37.5 MVA. T2 (11\6.6 KV)RL = 414 KVAPL = 414*1.25 = 517.5 KVAT2 SIZE = 750 KVA. T3 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVAPL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVAT3 SIZE = 500KVA

T4 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)RL =336.25 + 16.5 =352.75 KVAPL = 352.75* 1.25 = 440.94 KVAT4 SIZE = 500KVA

T5 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVAPL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVAT5 SIZE = 750 KVA

T6 SIZE (11\0.4 KV)RL = 355.4 + 26.75 = 282.15 KVAPL = 382.15 + 70.60 = 452.75 KVA452.75*1.25 = 565.94 KVAT6 SIZE = 750 KVA

CABLE SIZING:FORMULA USED:I = P / (√3*V) AMP + 25% I (future expansion)

GENERATOR CABLE SIZING:I = 20MVA / (√3*11KV) = 1049.73 * 1.25 = 1312.15A CB SIZE: 1200ACABLE SIZE: TRANSFORMER CABLE SIZING: T1:PRIM: I = 37.5MVA / (√3*11KV) = 1968.24A * 1.25 = 2450.3ACB SIZE: 2000ACABLE SIZE:

SEC: I = 37.5MVA / (√3*33KV) = 656.08A * 1.25 = 820.10ACB SIZE: 700ACABLE SIZE:

36

T2: PRIM: I = 750KVA / (√3*11KV) = 39.36A * 1.25 = 49.20ACB SIZE: 40ACABLE SIZE:SEC: I = 750KVA / (√3*6.6KV) = 65.61A * 1.25 = 82.01ACB SIZE: 70ACABLE SIZE:

T3:PRIM: I = 500KVA / (√3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.80ACB SIZE: 30ACABLE SIZE: SEC: I = 500KVA / (√3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11ACB SIZE: 800ACABLE SIZE:

T4 PRIM: I = 500KVA / (√3*11KV) = 26.24A * 1.25 = 32.8ACB SIZE: 30ACABLE SIZE:SEC: I = 500KVA / (√3*0.4KV) = 721.69A * 1.25 = 902.11ACB SIZE: 800A CABLE SIZE:

T5 = T6PRIM: I = 750KVA/ (√3*11KV) = 39.37 * 1.25 = 49.21ACB SIZE: 40ACABLE SIZE:

SEC: I = 750KVA/ (√3*0.4KV) = 1366.63 * 1.25 = 1708.27ACB SIZE: 1600ACABLE SIZE:

These current values are also used for sizing the transformer and generator CBs.

CABLE AND CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZING FOR LOADS

FORMULA USED:I = P/ ((√3*V)Type of cable: PVC insulated, armoured, installed in air.BUS A:Four starter motorsI = 7500KVA/ ((√3*33KV) = 131.2A * 1.25 = 164ACB = 150ACable size = 70mm2 PVC, ARMOURED BUS B:Generator starter motorI = 690KVA/(√3*6.6KV) = 60.4A *1.25 = 75.5A

CB= 70ACABLE SIZE = 35mm2

37

BUS C:

Wharf burner fuel 1 & 2 Bunker fuel heating loadI = 55KVA/(√3*0.4KV) = 79.39A*1.25 = 99.2A I = 162.5KVA/(√3*0.4KV) = 234.6A *1.25CB: 80A = 293.2ACable size: 35mm2

CB: 250A Cable size: 185mm2

BUS D:Causeway lighting Office and AmenitiesI = 18.4 * 1.25 = 22.55A I = 126.30A * 1.25 = 157.88ACB: 20A CB: 150Acable size: 2.5 mm2 Cable size: 70 mm2

HVAC supplyI = 27.06 * 1.25 = 33.83ACB: 30ACable size: 6 mm2

BUS E:UPS Warehouse supply 1/ Wkshop supplyI = 7.22A *1.25 = 9.03A I = 32.46A * 1.25 = 40.6A CB: 15A CB: 35A; cable size: 6 mm2

Cable size: 1.5 mm2

Warehouse supply 2 Gate house supplyI = 10.83A * 1.25 = 13.5A I = 18.04A *1.25 = 22.6ACB: 15A CB: 25ACable size: 1.5 mm2 cable size: 2.5 mm2

Obstruction lighting I = 1.80A * 1.25 = 2.25ACable size: 1.5 mm2

CB: 15A

BUS FP1 = P2 P9:CB: 125A CB: 15ACABLE SIZE: 35 mm2 CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2

P3 = P4 P10, P11, P12:CB: 50A CB: 15ACABLE SIZE: 10 mm2 CABLE SIZE: 1.5 mm2

P5 = P6CB: 125ACABLE SIZE: 70 mm2

P7 = P8 CB: 300ACABLE SIZE: 185 mm2

38

4. Electrical Layout drawings (Earthing, Cable, and Lighting layout):

An electrical layout drawing gives a plan view of an area (e.g a flowstation), and

shows by means of appropriate sign conventions, such features as the earthing

grid(earthing layout), electrical cable route(cable routing layout), location of

lighting towers/fixtures(lighting layout) etc. I was trained on how to draw layout

drawings using autoCAD. I learnt about the various factors to be considered

before layout drawings/designs are produced.

5. Hazardous Area classification/drawings:

I was also trained on how to produce hazardous area drawings using autoCAD. A

hazardous area is a three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere

may be expected to be present at such frequencies as requires special precautions

for the construction and use of all electrical apparatus.

The purpose of these drawings is to provide assistance in selecting the correct

certified equipment for hazardous zones (as will be clearly noted on the drawing)

such as petrochemical plants, refineries, gas plants, oil terminals, etc.

6. Supplementary drawings (Cable schedules, Distribution board schedules,

Schematics and Interconnection drawings, Installation details,

Specifications):

These drawings are also produced at later electrical design stages for a project. I

was also opportuned to see how these drawings were produced and their relevance

to the project.

The training I received involved the use of the following computer aided

design/application softwares:

AutoCAD

Chalmlite ( a software for lighting design and calculations).

Plant design Management system (PDMS).

39

AutoCAD

It is a computer aided drawing software. It is used by the electrical group to draw

single line diagrams, electrical layout drawings, hazardous area drawings, distribution

board schedules, schematics and interconnection diagrams, power layouts etc.

The AutoCAD design package is a general purpose software. It is an extremely

powerful tool. The speed and ease at which a drawing can be prepared and modified

using a computer offers a phenomenal advantage over hand preparation. There is

virtually no limit to the kind of drawings that can be prepared using the software.

AutoCAD provides a set of entities for use in constructing a drawing. An entity is a

drawing element such as a line, circle, or text string annotations. The effect of every

change appears immediately, thus enabling the designer to take immediate decisions

concerning size, aesthetics and taste of the designer.

Other AutoCAD functions allow modifications of the drawing in a variety of ways

e.g. erasing or moving entities or copying them from repeated patterns. The view of

the drawing displayed on the screen can be changed, or information about the drawing

can be displayed. The use of layers and assigning colours to the different layers

enhances the appearance of the end product and aids in detecting errors in the drawing

that would otherwise have gone undetected. The final drawing can then be plotted

with a pen plotter or printer plotter.

The importance of this software can be more appreciated in that is saves time and cost

in the production of drawings, by providing the engineer with a mature tool to work,

thus, ensuring a more professional and accurate output.

The activities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached, involved the

extensive use of autoCAD.

40

Chalmlite:

It is a computer aided lighting design software. It is used by the electrical group to

carry out lighting design/calculations (general lighting, fence lighting, interior lighting

etc). With the aid of this software, an area could be lit to any required illumination

level, with appropriate fixtures/lighting towers positioned at appropriate locations.

Illumination levels at various locations are automatically calculated and displayed.

Design specifications such as maintenance factor, mounting height, aiming point, type

of fixtures, etc are usually supplied by the client. Design is thus based on client

specifications, with allowance made for suggestions to the client from the electrical

group.

The activities of the electrical group to which to which I was attached, also involved

the extensive use of chalmlite.

The lighting calculation results as computed by the Chalmlite Lighting Design

Program indicating the illumination level at different points in the defined

area(Tuomo flowstation) and target grid summaries are as shown below as Fig 4 and

Table 3 respectively. The lighting towers are shown on the figure as FT-1 to FT-17

respectively. This design is for general lighting of the area under consideration.

41

Fig.4: Lighting calculation result showing illumination levels.

42

TARGET GRID SUMMARIES

Grid is x-y plane at z= 0.0 Horizontal Lux Limits: from x = -690.0 to x= -330.0, from y =201 to y= 621Average = 27.4 lux Minimum / Average = 0.0Maximum = 171.0 lux Minimum / Maximum=0.0Minimum = 0.0 Number Points = 418

FLOODLIGHT / LUMINAIRE SUMMARYEVOLUTION 400W SON-T MEDIUM BEAM Ex DE ATEXCat.Ref. EVOD / 400 / MS / M Lumens per Lamp = 55000.0 MF= 0.80Beam is not RotatedNumber Luminaires = 170Total Number Luminaires = 170LUMINAIRE LOCATIONS AND ORIENTATION ANGLES

LIGHTING TOWERNO.

CAT.REF  SEQUENCE NO.

LOCATION AIMING POINT 

AIMING ANGLES

 

FT-01

X Y Z X Y Z HORIZ. VERT.EVOD/400/MS/M 1 -598 231 25 -586 240 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 2 -598 231 25 -583 231 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 3 -598 231 25 -586 222 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 4 -598 231 25 -594 217 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 5 -598 231 25 -603 217 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 6 -598 231 25 -610 222 0 233 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 7 -598 231 25 -613 231 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 8 -598 231 25 -610 240 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 9 -598 231 25 -603 245 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 10 -598 231 25 -593 245 0 18 30

FT-02

EVOD/400/MS/M 11 -519 219 25 -507 228 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 12 -519 219 25 -504 219 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 13 -519 219 25 -507 210 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 14 -519 219 25 -514 205 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 15 -519 219 25 -524 205 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 16 -519 219 25 -531 210 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 17 -519 219 25 -534 219 0 269 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 18 -519 219 25 -531 228 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 19 -519 219 25 -524 233 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 20 -519 219 25 -514 233 0 18

30

FT-03

EVOD/400/MS/M 21 -455 235 25 -443 243 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 22 -455 235 25 -440 235 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 23 -455 235 25 -443 226 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 24 -455 235 25 -450 220 0 161 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 25 -455 235 25 -460 220 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 26 -455 235 25 -467 226 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 27 -455 235 25 -470 235 0 270 30

43

EVOD/400/MS/M 28 -455 235 25 -467 244 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 29 -455 235 25 -460 249 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 30 -455 235 25 -450 249 0 19 30

FT-04

EVOD/400/MS/M 31 -539 271 25 -526 280 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 32 -539 271 25 -524 271 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 33 -539 271 25 -526 262 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 34 -539 271 25 -534 257 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 35 -539 271 25 -543 257 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 36 -539 271 25 -551 262 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 37 -539 271 25 -554 271 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 38 -539 271 25 -551 280 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 39 -539 271 25 -543 285 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 40 -539 271 25 -534 285 0 18 30

FT-05

EVOD/400/MS/M 41 -595 310 25 -582 319 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 42 -595 310 25 -580 310 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 43 -595 310 25 -582 301 0 125 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 44 -595 310 25 -590 296 0 161 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 45 -595 310 25 -599 296 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 46 -595 310 25 -607 301 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 47 -595 310 25 -610 310 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 48 -595 310 25 -607 319 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 49 -595 310 25 -599 324 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 50 -595 310 25 -590 324 0 19 30

FT-06

EVOD/400/MS/M 51 -420 310 25 -408 318 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 52 -420 310 25 -405 310 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 53 -420 310 25 -408 301 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 54 -420 310 25 -415 296 0 161 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 55 -420 310 25 -425 296 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 56 -420 310 25 -432 301 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 57 -420 310 25 -435 310 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 58 -420 310 25 -432 319 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 59 -420 310 25 -425 324 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 60 -420 310 25 -415 324 0 19 30

FT-07

EVOD/400/MS/M 61 -517 338 25 -505 347 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 62 -517 338 25 -502 338 0 91 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 63 -517 338 25 -505 330 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 64 -517 338 25 -513 324 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 65 -517 338 25 -522 324 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 66 -517 338 25 -529 330 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 67 -517 338 25 -532 338 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 68 -517 338 25 -529 347 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 69 -517 338 25 -522 353 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 70 -517 338 25 -513 353 0 18 30

FT-08

EVOD/400/MS/M 71 -592 356 25 -580 365 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 72 -592 356 25 -577 356 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 73 -592 356 25 -580 348 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 74 -592 356 25 -587 342 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 75 -592 356 25 -597 342 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 76 -592 356 25 -604 348 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 77 -592 356 25 -607 356 0 270 30EVOD/400/MS/M 78 -592 356 25 -604 365 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 79 -592 356 25 -597 371 0 342 30

44

EVOD/400/MS/M 80 -592 356 25 -587 371 0 18 30

FT-09

EVOD/400/MS/M 81 -461 368 25 -449 377 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 82 -461 368 25 -446 368 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 83 -461 368 25 -449 360 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 84 -461 368 25 -457 354 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 85 -461 368 25 -466 354 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 86 -461 368 25 -473 360 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 87 -461 368 25 -476 368 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 88 -461 368 25 -474 377 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 89 -461 368 25 -466 383 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 90 -461 368 25 -457 383 0 18 30

FT-10

EVOD/400/MS/M 91 -538 406 25 -526 414 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 92 -538 406 25 -523 406 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 93 -538 406 25 -526 397 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 94 -538 406 25 -533 392 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 95 -538 406 25 -542 392 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 96 -538 406 25 -550 397 0 233 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 97 -538 406 25 -553 406 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 98 -538 406 25 -550 415 0 305 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 99 -538 406 25 -542 420 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 100 -538 406 25 -533 420 0 18 30

FT-11

EVOD/400/MS/M 101 -604 414 25 -592 423 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 102 -604 414 25 -589 414 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 103 -604 414 25 -592 405 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 104 -604 414 25 -599 400 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 105 -604 414 25 -609 400 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 106 -604 414 25 -616 405 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 107 -604 414 25 -619 414 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 108 -604 414 25 -616 423 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 109 -604 414 25 -609 428 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 110 -604 414 25 -599 428 0 18 30

FT-12

EVOD/400/MS/M 111 -474 446 25 -462 454 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 112 -474 446 25 -459 446 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 113 -474 446 25 -462 437 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 114 -474 446 25 -469 431 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 115 -474 446 25 -478 431 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 116 -474 446 25 -486 437 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 117 -474 446 25 -489 446 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 118 -474 446 25 -486 454 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 119 -474 446 25 -479 460 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 120 -474 446 25 -469 460 0 18 30

FT-13

EVOD/400/MS/M 121 -535 470 25 -523 479 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 122 -535 470 25 -520 470 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 123 -535 470 25 -523 461 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 124 -535 470 25 -530 456 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 125 -535 470 25 -540 456 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 126 -535 470 25 -547 461 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 127 -535 470 25 -550 470 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 128 -535 470 25 -547 479 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 129 -535 470 25 -540 484 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 130 -535 470 25 -530 485 0 18 30FT-14 EVOD/400/MS/M 131 -595 487 25 -583 496 0 54 30

45

EVOD/400/MS/M 132 -595 487 25 -580 487 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 133 -595 487 25 -583 478 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 134 -595 487 25 590 473 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 135 -595 487 25 -599 473 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 136 -595 487 25 -607 478 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 137 -595 487 25 -610 487 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 138 -595 487 25 -607 496 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 139 -595 487 25 -600 501 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 140 -595 487 25 -590 501 0 19 30

FT-15

EVOD/400/MS/M 141 -592 540 25 -580 548 0 55 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 142 -592 540 25 -577 540 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 143 -592 540 25 -580 531 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 144 -592 540 25 -587 525 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 145 -592 540 25 -596 525 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 146 -592 540 25 -604 531 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 147 -592 540 25 -607 539 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 148 -592 540 25 -604 548 0 305 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 149 -592 540 25 -597 554 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 150 -592 540 25 -587 554 0 18 30

FT-16

EVOD/400/MS/M 151 -467 538 25 -455 547 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 152 -467 538 25 -452 538 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 153 -467 538 25 -455 530 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 154 -467 538 25 -462 524 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 155 -467 538 25 -472 524 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 156 -467 538 25 -479 530 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 157 -467 538 25 -482 538 0 269 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 158 -467 538 25 -479 547 0 306 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 159 -467 538 25 -472 553 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 160 -467 538 25 -462 553 0 19 30

FT-17

EVOD/400/MS/M 161 -531 546 25 -519 555 0 54 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 162 -531 546 25 -516 546 0 90 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 163 -531 546 25 -519 537 0 126 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 164 -531 546 25 -527 532 0 162 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 165 -531 546 25 -536 532 0 198 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 166 -531 546 25 -543 537 0 234 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 167 -531 546 25 -546 546 0 270 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 168 -531 546 25 -543 555 0 305 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 169 -531 546 25 -536 560 0 342 30

EVOD/400/MS/M 170 -531 546 25 -527 560 0 18 30

Table 3: Target grid summaries.

Plant Design Management System (PDMS)

This is an advanced drafting software. Three dimensional models can be made with

the aid of this software. This software is more versatile than autoCAD as far a 3-D

work is concerned. Some of the applications of PDMS are routing a sequence of cable

46

trays and piping components, structural designs, HVAC design, and lighting design. I

received basic training in the use of PDMS.

5.0.1 SKILLS ACQUIRED

By virtue of the training I received and exposure, I have acquired the following skills

from the SIWES workplace (i.e. HORIBA):

Proficiency in the use of AutoCAD.

Proficiency in the use of Microsoft EXCEL for the development of spreadsheets.

Ability to use chalmlite to carry out lighting design and calculations.

Ability to use Plant design Management System (PDMS) – a 3D drafting

software.

Ability to work effectively in a team, and to communicate effectively with others.

47

48

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 CONCLUSION

The SIWES has positively contributed to my training as a future Electrical/Electronics

Engineer. At the SIWES workplace (i.e. HORIBA), I was able to reconcile theoretical

principles learnt in school with real Electrical/Electronics engineering design practice.

I also learnt various software applications relating to my discipline such as AutoCAD,

Plant Design Management System(PDMS), Chalmlite, Microsoft EXCEL, Microsoft

Word, etc. Furthermore, I received extensive training on electrical design

fundamentals which included the following: Development of load and single line

diagrams, Design of electrical layout drawings(cable, earthing and lighting layout

drawings), Hazardous area classification drawings, Equipment sizing, cable and

circuit breaker sizing, preparation of material take-off and bill of quantities, lighting

design/calculations, and schematic/interconnection drawings.

SIWES gave me the opportunity to learn about good work ethics, good interpersonal

and communication skills.

49

REFERENCES

1. National Engineering and Technical Company(HORIBA) Electrical Training

Manual, Vol.1 & 2, (1998).

2. Chevron Corporation Training Manual (1996), Vol 1 & 2.

3. Robert, M.T (1989) AutoCAD Desktop Companion, Sybex/Tech Asian

Editions, Singapore, Tech Publication, Pp 5-7.

50