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Compiled by Ajay Rastogi Project Coordinator

SIFOR Programme

Workshop on Bio-cultural Heritage

&

Traditional Agriculture:

Challenges and Possibilities

Organised by Lok Chetna Manch

SIFOR Programme

Smallholder Innovation for Resilience:

Strengthening bio-cultural innovation systems

for food security in the face of climate change

Held at Auditorium, G.B. Pant Institute of

Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal,

Almora

on

24th July, 2013

A Brief Report

A workshop was organised on Bio-cultural Heritage and Traditional Agriculture: Challenges

and Possibilities (in the face of Climate Change) under the SIFOR programme in India. This

was the first public workshop to gather large number of participants from the Central

Himalayan region. The main objectives of the workshop were:

Sensitisation of the stakeholders on the theme of Bio-cultural Heritage (BCH)

Capturing the perceptions of the stakeholders on current status of BCH and key

challenges to farming systems

Experience sharing on existing practices and activities on BCH conservation by

farmers as well as scientists

The workshop started with a welcome note by Mr. Kireet Kumar, Scientist In-charge of the

GBPIHED and Mr. Jogendra Bisht, Director, Lok Chetna Manch. This was followed by staging

a play on the importance of traditional crops and highlighted the efforts of the crop

protection committees towards addressing the issue of crop raiding by wildlife and stray

cattle. This is one of the main concerns of the farmers in the region. The formal inauguration

ceremony of the workshop was performed by lighting of the lamp. Dr. Rakesh Shah,

Chairman of the State Biodiversity Board and the Chief Guest in the workshop was joined by

other eminent guests including the lead farmers in the ceremony. A full schedule of the

programme is attached as Annexure 1.

The Award Ceremony

The efforts of the Crop Protection Committee of the village Chinauna have been exemplary.

The villagers came up with this idea and through their own financial contribution to the

committee; hired a person to protect the crops from stray cattle and other wildlife such as

monkeys. With regular deliberations, the committee created and enforced strict rules of

penalty to erring residents of their village as well as in neighbouring villages. The effort

proved to be extremely successful and has encouraged a few more villages to emulate the

model. The State Biodiversity Board in recognition of this effort gave a commemoration

certificate to the committee as well as to the person who was appointed by the committee

to keep a watch. It was presented by the Chairman of the Board.

Morning Session

The first presentation in the morning technical session was made by Mr. Ajay Rastogi,

Coordinator of the SIFOR programme. He highlighted the importance of traditional crops in

maintaining nutrition security at a time when there is almost no shortage of food grains as

such. The food grain availability has increased but at the same time, protein, calories and

nutrient deficiency in the overall intake of food has also increased over the years. So, even if

we cannot meet the total food requirement from our own crops in the hills; cultivating

nutritious millets, coarse cereals, oilseeds and pulses make an ideal supplement to enrich

the food in the house as well as in the mid day meal scheme prevalent in the local schools.

He also emphasised on the fact that traditional agriculture crops and methods of cultivation

are more sustainable and have greater resilience in the times of climate change. The

importance of sustaining the culture of local innovations by the farmers is felt ever more at

a time when climate is changing in unpredictable ways between one valley to the other. His

presentation is attached as Annexure 2.1.

The presentation by Dr. Kuldeep S. Negi, Principal Scientist from the National Bureau of

Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) highlighted the importance of the region in terms of

agricultural biodiversity and narrated his experiences in several explorations. He also

mentioned that despite such high diversity, we have no entry from the state yet in the

national GI (Geographic Indications) register. Efforts need to be strengthened in this

direction. He informed the participants about the passport data form and accession system

being practiced in the national gene bank system. He opined that one of the prime reasons

why modern varieties are replacing older ones is early maturation. So, if some farmers plant

modern ones, they get an early crop and let their cattle loose. This creates problems for

other farmers in the vicinity and most of them thus start to adopt the short duration

varieties. Many farmers present in the meeting agreed to this and it was suggested that

more joint crop planning would be desirable to enhance diversity in the agricultural

landscapes. His presentation is attached as Annexure 2.2.

Dr. Pavan K. Agarwal, Head of the Crop Improvement Programme at the Vivekananda

Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS) elaborated on the contribution of modern

technologies in improving the food grain availability in the post independence era and

explained the crop improvement and breeding programmes at VPKAS. The institute has

released several varieties suitable to hill farmers over last decades. The institute also

maintains a seed bank to conserve landraces and utilise the gene pool for breeding

programmes. He also informed the participants about several machines that have been

developed by the institute to reduce drudgery in processing of grains. Notable, amongst

these is the local mill for thrashing of finger and barnyard millets. The VPKAS organises fairs

ahead of the main planting seasons of Kharif and Rabi to disseminate information on farm

technologies and new varieties of seeds. He emphasised to the audience the importance of

maintaining a harmonious balance between science and local knowledge systems, new

varieties and local landraces etc. His presentation is attached as Annexure 2.3.

Afternoon session:

Dr. Rajendra S. Bisht, Conservator of Forests (Research Wing) elaborated on his vast

experience of watershed management activities in the State. He emphasised on the linkages

of the forest ecosystem with agriculture in the context of hill agriculture. Livestock forms an

integral link between the two systems besides the water resources which are also a

reflection of the health of the ecosystem. He mentioned that off late much awareness has

taken place in urban markets on the nutritional values of some of the hill crops specially that

of millets and coarse cereals which is resulting in good demand and prices. So, traditional

crops besides fulfilling household nutritional security are also a potential source of improved

livelihood. He mentioned the excellent marketing network set up by SOS Organic, Almora.

Dr. Rakesh Shah, Chairman of the State Biodiversity Board and Chief Guest, in his

presidential address went over many salient points and observations besides informing the

participants on the evolution of biodiversity legislation and authority in India. He started

with a serious appeal against the Genetically Modified Foods which can prove to be a real

detriment to the rich biodiversity of the state. So far the state has no GMO cultivation and

he favours the status quo. He provided examples of loss of ecosystem services,

enhancement of pollution and loss of human health as a result of some of the modern crop

production techniques such as the case of rising cases of cancer in parts of Punjab where

pesticide use is rampant. He appreciated the efforts of conservation of local landraces and

varieties by institutions such as NBPGR and VPKAS and suggested that local farmers should

be able to access this gene pool to rejuvenate the on farm and in-situ diversity. He said that

capacity of farmer federations be raised to collectively undertake marketing and other

functions to improve agro-biodiversity based livelihoods. He informed the participants on

salient provisions of the Biodiversity Act and emphasised on the role of PBR (Peoples

Biodiversity Registers) for protection of intellectual property rights. This documentation also

serves as records of spiritual and cultural traditions related with natural resources. Mr. Shah

appealed to the participating farmers to utilise the provision of establishing BMC

(Biodiversity Management Committee) under the Biodiversity Act, 2002. The BMCs are

statutory bodies that in near future may be authorised to implement other Government

schemes as well.

Dr. P. S. Mehta, Scientist from the NBPGR made a brief and significant intervention by

describing various old and new recipes using traditional grains. It is a fact that to attract

younger generation towards the use of traditional grains, some attractive new recipes such

as baked stuff, puddings etc. need to be prepared. His presentation is attached as Annexure

2.4.

Dr. R. C. Sundriyal, Scientist from the GBPIHED emphasised on the importance of local

weekly markets as prevalent in the north-eastern states of the country. He made a point

that even a handful quantity of produce can be sold in these markets which brings in much

needed ready cash earnings on a regular basis. We don’t have a formal system of weekly

markets in the State where direct selling by producers could take place and as a result

substantive profit is taken up by traders and shop keepers. Often, the produce travels to far

away markets in the plains for consolidation and then is re-transported back to the local

consumers in the case of our State.

Dr. Surendra Kauranga, Training Coordinator of the Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board

emphasised on linking traditional agriculture with organic certification and elaborated on

the services of the Board. He pointed out that wild boars have become such a big menace

that it is almost impossible to grow anything even in their demonstration farm. His concern

was echoed by many amongst the audience.

Mr. Kailash Bhatt represented the Ajeevika programme (an IFAD supported Government of

Uttarakhand programme) and he mentioned about the importance of farm federations. In

the first phase of the Ajeevika programme; they have formalised several federations and

have supported common marketing programmes. He confirmed that there is such a great

demand for millets in the market that they were unable to fulfil the demand.

Dr. Reetu Sogani, the Gender and TK Specialist in the SIFOR programme of Lok Chetna

Manch, aired the concern about availability of local seeds at the time of planting. There

were many traditional practices to select, share and keep seeds to maintain diversity as well

as high quality. In the face of weather uncertainties faced by the farmers and success of

crops due to other reasons, these practices are dying out. There is an urgent need to make a

network for seed multiplication, exchange and storage. Mr. Harish Lodhiyal from Gene

Campaign, who was present in the meeting briefly, informed the participants about the

efforts of the organisation in seed saving and establishment of a community seed bank. Dr.

Sogani also highlighted that there are several farm innovations being documented and

invited some of the farmers present to share their experience directly.

Mr. Dayanand Joshi is an elderly farmer who has reclaimed uncultivable land around his

house. He had to bring sand and clay on horseback over several months to prepare a layer

of loamy soil. Gradually, he improved the fertility and at the moment he grows some of the

best vegetable crops. He has also pioneered some techniques of making better seeds and

his sharing of experience was very encouraging for the participants.

Mr. Shiv Ram is a progressive farmer and has experimented with several patterns of mixed

cropping systems. The main driver for his efforts of crop intensification was the damage to

crops in the far away fields. Now, he is cultivating almost every inch of space around the

house and in the nearby fields. His experiments have yielded lessons for many other

farmers. Mr. Ramesh Singh, another pioneering farmer, also shared his similar experiences.

Mr. K. C. Tewari, President of the Govindpur Market Association talked about the plight of

farmers due to heavy damage by wild animals and stray cattle. He recalled how much

agricultural produce used to be available earlier not only to meet household consumption

but also for sale in the local markets. He sought active intervention from the Government

agencies to seek an early solution to this issue.

Mr. Jasod S. Bisht from the Forest Department addressed the participants to make them

aware of the current provisions by the Department to tackle the menace of crop raiding by

wild boar. He emphasised on taking a landscape based approach to tackle the issue of

wildlife and crop interface. Eradication of lantana and other thick cover that allows wild

boar to hide during the day could also be useful. There are provisions in other schemes as

well, e.g. MNREGA, where stone wall fences can be created.

Discussion and further plans

The issues discussed in the meeting could be organised under the following 3 main heads:

Climate change resilient agriculture: The region is rich in agricultural biodiversity and

several crops, varieties and landraces could prove to be beneficial at such a time. There are

technical and research institutions that are already pursuing activities of conservation, trials

and improvement programmes in the area. Farmers are also custodians of genetic resources

and associated knowledge systems. An interactive and participatory approach would be

useful for sustaining farming systems in the hills. The documentation in Peoples Biodiversity

Register would record crops and varieties that used to be available in the past and provide

the status in the present. It would be pursued to bring some of that diversity back to the

farms with the help of these technical institutions.

Improved governance of natural resources at the local level: The Biodiversity Act provides

for formation of Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) as a statutory body.

Awareness should be raised to due facilitation should take place to initiate the process.

Feasibility of co-opting crop protection committee’s role into the fold of BMC should be

seen. In addition, capacity of BMC should be raised to take a more proactive role in natural

resource management.

Tackling the wildlife crop raiding issue: The monkeys and the wild boars are posing great

difficulty to the people in the region. While the efforts under the crop protection committee

have helped the situation with the monkeys, boars still is a big issue. Concerted efforts by

the responsible agencies both at the policy level and implementation level needs to be

undertaken at the earliest.

Participants

A total of 107 participants registered. 12 elected village representatives, 45 (14 women and

31 men) lead farmers and traditional knowledge holders; 19 scientists from several

organisations (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), G.B. Pant Institute of

Himalayan Environment and Development (GBPIHED); and Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi

Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS); 9 representatives from State Government (Agriculture

Department, Forest Department) and autonomous bodies of the State Government

(Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board, Ajeevika); 22 representatives (9 women and 11

men) from several Non Governmental Organisations (Pan Himalaya Grassroots

Development Foundation, Central Himalaya Rural Action Group, Gene Campaign and Jan

Prerna Sanghathan) participated. A list of the participants with their contact details is

attached as Annexure 3. A leaflet in Hindi on importance of traditional crops particularly

from nutrition point of view was circulated together with workshop material and a copy of

the same is attached separately.

Acknowledgements:

The facilities and support provided by the GBPIHED.

Technical support from the State Biodiversity Board of Uttarakhand and presence of their

Chairman as Chief Guest in the workshop.

Financial assistance from the SIFOR programme (Smallholder Innovation for Resilience:

Strengthening bio-cultural innovation systems for food security in the face of climate

change) supported by the International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED),

United Kingdom with funds from European Commission.

Annexure – 1

The Programme Schedule

Time Programme Participants

10.00-10.30 Registration and Tea

Smt Kusum Joshi and Sri Naveen

Chandra Pandey,

Lok Chetna Manch, Ranikhet

10.30-10.40 Welcome Director, Environment Institute and

Lok Chetna Manch, Ranikhet

10.40-11.00 Presentation of Play on the Subject of the Workshop

Sri Gopal Rawat and Others

11.00-11.10 Inauguration Dr. Rakesh Shah (I.F.S.), Chairman,

State Biodiversity Board, Dehradun

11.10-11.30 Concept of Bio-cultural Agriculture and Introduction to SIFOR

Programme

Sri Ajay Rastogi, Lok Chetna

Manch, Ranikhet

11.30-11.40 Recognition to Crop Protection Committee of Chinona by

Uttarakhand Biodiversity Board, Dehradun

Crop Protection Committee, Village-

Chinona

11.40-11.50 Present Status of Agriculture Biodiversity in Kumaon and Efforts of

NBPGR

Dr. Kuldeep Singh Negi, NBPGR

Bhowali

11.50-12.00 Importance of Traditional Crops in Reference of Climate Change

Efforts of VPKAS

Dr. Pawan Kumar Agarwal,

Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi

Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora

12.00-12.10 Old and New Recipes From Traditional Crops Dr. P.S. Mehta, NBPGR Bhowali

12.10-12.20 Watershed Management, Traditional Agriculture and Conservation

of Natural Resources

Dr. Rajendra Bisht, (I.F.S.),

Conservator of Forest (Research)

12.20-12.45 Indigenous Knowledge, IPR and role of Biodiversity Management

Committee

Dr. Rakesh Shah (I.F.S.), Chairman,

State Biodiversity Board, Dehradun

12.45-13.00 Improving Market Access Though Weekly Local Market Dr. R. C. Sunderiyal, Scientist,

GBPIHED Kosi, Katarmal, Almora

13.00-13.15 Role of Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board in Promoting

Traditional Crops

Mr. Surendra Koranga, Uttarakhand

Organic Commodity Board, Majkhali

13.15-13.30 Experience Sharing on Farmer groups in Ajeevika Programme Mr. Kailash Bhatt, Ajeevika,

District Coordinator

13.30-14.30 Lunch Time

14.30-14.40 Significance of on Farm Innovations Dr. Reetu Sogani

14.40-14.50 Importance of Mixed Cropping System Sri Shiv Ram, Farmer

14.50-15.00 Farm Innovations for Seed Production Sri Dayanand Joshi, Farmer

15.00-15.10 Challenges Faced by the Farmers Sri Ramesh Singh, Farmer

15.00-15.10 Problems by Wild Animals and Stray Cattles Sri Kailash Chandra Tewari

15.10-15.20 Capacity Building for Sustainable Agriculture and Seed

Conservation

Sri Harish Lodhiyal, Gene Campaign

15.20-15.30 Some Techniques and Ways to Address Problems of Wildlife Crop

Raiding

Sri Jasod Singh Bisht, Range Officer,

Kalika Range Office, Kalika

15.30-16.15 Discussion Session and Follow Up

16.15-16.30 Vote of Thanks Director, Lok Chetna Manch,

Ranikhet

Annexure 2.1

Presentation by Mr. Ajay Rastogi

Slide 1

Jaiv sanskritik krishi ki awdharana

Ajay Rastogi

SIFOR

Lok Chetna Manch

Slide 2 National food scenario

• 1951 – 354 gm food grain; 60 gm pulses• 2007 – 407 gram; 35 gram• In Uttarakhand – 70 gm to now 56 gm e.g. Bhatt

reduced by 75%• Avg req 2400 Kca• Fall 2240 – 1485• Protein, Micronutrient • Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc – globally 1/3rd

• 87% pregnant mothers, 75% children• Imports 50% oil, 50% pulses

Slide 3 Costs

• Food import, fuel and fertilizer – 2, 14,000 crores

• Environmental costs, climate change

• Drinking water

• NABARD – 1,00,000 crores

• PDS – 87,000 crores

• National Food Security bill – 3,00,000 crores

Slide 4 Prakartik santulan

Slide 5

Slide 6 Governance

• Jal, Jungle, Jameen

• Farmers innovation e.g. radish seeds, Alsi

• Communitarian ways: Chinauna

• De-centralisation

• Midday meal scheme

• MNREGA

• Gratitude for villagers

• Why surveys

Annexure 2.2

Presentation by Mr. K.S. Negi

Slide 1 tSo lkaLd`frd fojklr ,oe~ ijaijkxr [ksrh

& pqukSfr;ka ,oe~ laHkkouk,sa

Mk0 dqynhi flag usxh ,oa Mk0 iwju flag esgrk

jk’Vªh; ikni vkuqokaf’kd lalk/ku C;wjks

{ksrzh; dsUnz Hkokyh] ftyk uSuhrky ¼mRrjk[k.M½

Slide 2 Hkwfedk

,d uUgk lk cht yk[kksa djksM+ksa yksxksa dk isV Hkjus ds fy, vukt miyC/k

djkrk gSa bflfy, chtksa dh csgrj xq.koRrk vkSj [kk|kUu mRiknu c<+kus

dh t#jr ds chp lh/kk lEcU/k gSaA ,sls esa cht gh ,d ekrz lzksr gSa ftldh

xq.koRr lq/kkj dj df’k mRiknu c<+k;k tk ldrk gSaA nwljh vksj VfeZusVj

vkSj ijkthuh chtksa ds geys usa fdlkuks vkSj oSKkfudksa nksuks dh gh uhan mM+k

nh gSaA ,sls esa ijEijkxr chtksa ¼d’kd iztkfr;ka½ dk egRo vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk

gSaA

izkphu@vkfne fdLesa ¼ySUMjslst½ ikni leqnk; tks fd vkuqokaf”kdh rkSj ij

fofHkUurk fy, gq;s yk[kksa o’kksZs ls lalkj Hkj ds d’kdksa ds ikl fofHkUu df’k

ifjfLFkfrdh; tyok;q esa vuqdwyuh;rk izkIr dj pqds gSaA

chek ikfylh ¼bU”kksjsUl½

Slide 3 ikjEifjd fdLesa% mUufr dh vksj

• Jhyadk] Hkkjr ds mRrj iwohZ {ksrz vkfn& Hkwfe dks

#ikarfjr& uohu fdLesa mPp iSnkokj ls Hkjiwj&

eksuksdypj@,d#irk& chekfj;ksa dh izcy laHkkouk;s

dbZ xquk c<+ x;h gSaA

• v{kr Hkwfe dk iwjh rjg lQk;k dj vkuqoaf”kdh

vijnu rFkk {kj.k o’kZ 2050 rd nks yk[k ipkl gtkj

ikni tkfr;kWa o iztkfr;kWa yqIr gks tk;sxhA

Slide 4

ikni tuunzO; D;k gSa\

ikni tuunzO; ,d izdkj dk thfor Ård gksrk gSa ftlls

uohu ikniksa dh l`f’V ,oa o`f) dh tkrh gSaA ;g cht ;k ikni

dk Hkkx] tSls&iRrh rus dk NksVk lk Hkkx] ijkxd.k ;k cgqr

FkksM+h thfor dksf”kdk;sa& ftuls lao/kZu }kjk ,d iw.kZ LoLFk ikni

dks mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSaA ;g ikni tuunzO; vius vUnj

vkuqokaf”kdh lwpukvksa ,oa iSr`d xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj gksrk gSaA

Slide 5 tuunzO; fofHkUurk

vkfFkZd #Ik ls mi;ksxh df’k ds fy,] thu lekurk

;k ,d#irk Qlyksa ls izkIr gkssrh gSa] ijUrq ;g thu

lekurk fueUrz.k nsrh gSa] u;s&u;s dhVks] chekfj;ksa ,oe~

fofHkUu izdkj ds izfrcyksa dks ¼rkieku] i;kZoj.kh; larqyu

vkfn½ ftls /kkU; Qly lqHksÌrk ¼oyfujksfcfyVh½ dgrs gSA

tuunzO; fofHkUurk gesa iznku djrh gSa nh?kZ dkfyd ;ksX;rk ftlls og ikniksa dh

ubZ fdLesa bZtkn djus ds lkFk&lkFk izfrjks/kh dhV] izfrjks/kh chekfj;kWa ,oe~ i;kZoj.kh;

vlarqyu o i;kZoj.kh; izfrcy ds fy, lrr cuk jgsA

blfy, nqfu;k ds jk’Vªh; ikni tuunzO; la?kVd] bdkb;ka o laLFkk;s bu nqyZHk

iztkfr;ksa dks cpkus ds fy, laj{k.k] ys[kk&tks[kk] vkdyu ,oe~ df’k ewY;kadu dk;Zdze

dj jgs gSa rkfd bUgsa nqyZHkrk ls cpk;k tk ldsA Hkfo’; esa tc lalkj esa tula[;k

c<+ksrjh pje lhek ij gksxh rc ekuo dh HkykbZ ds fy, ;gh ikjaifjd cht ¼d’kd

iztkfr;ka½ dk;Z esa fy;s tk,sxsaA

fo”o ds vxz.kh ikni vkuqokaf”kdh oSKkfud tSd gkjySu us psrkouh nh gS fd gekjs

izkdfrd tuunzO;] lalk/kuksa dh fofHkUurk ,oe~ Hkq[kejh nksuksa esa lwpdkad cus gq, gSa]

bldh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh fd dc lwpdkad esa Hkq[kejh dk yky fpUg ladsr

nsA

Slide 6 D;k dgrs gSa ikni oSKkfud

Laklkj ds ikni ,oe~ tho lalk/ku ls lacaf/kr Toyar leL;kvksa dh

vk”kadk;s mBus ds lkFk budk ladV nwj nwj rd fn[kk;h nsus yxk gSaA ;|fi

ikni tho laj{k.kdrkZ ,u0 vkbZ0 osohykso dh nwjnf”kZrk us lalkj dks fQygky

rukoeqDr j[kus rFkk mi;ZqDr Toyar leL;kvksa ls NqVdkjk fnykus ds fy, ,d

T;ksfr iznku dh gSaA

mUgksus fo”o ds dbZ nqxZe {ksrzksa esa yxHkx 50 ns”kksa dh ;krzk dj ikni

fdLeksa o tkfr;ksa dk O;ofLFkr fo”ys’k.k rFkk oxhZdj.k dj losZ{k.k] laj{k.k ,oa

Hk.Mkj.k fd;kA lalkj Hkj esa ouLifr foKku dh fofHkUu “kk[kkvksa ds oSKkfudksa

us bls ekU;rk iznku dh gSaA

blh Js.kh ds ,p0 ,l0 tsUVªh] iz[;kr vkfFkZd ouLifrK ,oa HkwriwoZ v/;{k

vkfFkZd ouLifr lfefr us fo”o ds 24 ns”kksa dk Hkze.k dj yxHkx iUnzg gtkj

ikniksa ,oa ikjaifjd chtksa ds uewus ,dfrzr fd;sA o’kZ ds e/; tSUVªh us eSfDLkdks

,oa e/; vesfjdk dk nkSjk dj cM+h ekrzk esa taxyh] vkfne o izkphu ,oa muls

fudV laca/k j[kus okyh Nseh@lse@QzSapchu@jktek dk laxzg fd;k tksfd

eq[;r;k fofHkUu jksx izfrjks/kh FksaA

Slide 7 ckn esa irk pyk fd 18 uewus ikni vkuqoaf”kdh lalk/ku txr ds fy;s fcYdqy

u;s Fks] tSls fofHkUu jksx izfrjks/kh ¼jrqvk] pw.khZ] QaQwn] fpro.khZ fo’kk.kq ,oa /kwez&dqgjs

ds dkj.k Hk;adj uqdlku½ tks eq[;r;k O;kikfjd fdLeksa ls ik;s tkrs gSaA bZ tSEl

okYVj ds vuqlkj tc vUrjkZ’Vh; m’.kdfVcU/kh; d`f’k dsUnz] dkyh] dksyfEc;k ds

oSKkfud lSe ?kqu ¼chu choy½ }kjk u’V dh tkus okyh Qzsapchu@ jktek@lse ds

,d vkuqokaf”kdh izfrjks/kh tuunzO; ij vuqla/kku dj jgs Fks] bu oSKkfudksa us tsUVªh

}kjk laxzfgr fd;k gqvk fprdcjh jktek@QzSap chu@ lse dk tuunzO; ns[kk]

ftlds vUnj ,d ,slk thu ekStwn Fkk tks lse ?kqu dks Qly [kkus ls jksdrk Fkk

rFkk ml ij vkdze.k ugha djrk FkkA

bl izdkj vUrjkZ’Vªh; m’.kdfVcU/kh; d`f’k dsUnz ds oSKkfudksa us bl thu ds

tfj, eSdfLdksa esa lse ?kqu dh vjklk;fud jksdFkke dk ekxZ <+w<kA bl vuqla/kku us

fdlkuksa ds yk[kksa Mkyjksa ¼djksM+ksa #I,½ dks cpk;k tks fd dhVuk”kd nokbZ;ksa dks

[kjhnusa esa u’V gksrs Fks lkFk gh i;kZoj.k dks nwf’kr gksus ls cpk;kA jktek@

Qzsapchu@ lse eSfDldks vkSj vQhzdk ns”k dk eq[; vkgkj gSaA

tsUVªh us HkkSxksfyd js[kkadu fprzks ,oa mnkgj.kksa lfgr lkfcr fd;k fd jktek@

Qzsapchu@ lse dk mn~ xe LFkku o lzksr ehlks vesfjdk] eSfDldks ,oa e/; vesfjdk

gSaA

Slide 8 ns”kh chtksa esa ijk;s thu

nqfu;k Hkj esa py jgh thfu;kfxjh dh vka/kh us ikS/k iztuu dh ikjEifjd fof/k;ksa dks

viuh pisV esa ys fy;k gSaA

vc d`f’k oSKkfudksa dks ubZ fdLesa fodflr djus ds fy, ladj.k tSlh Je lk/;

rduhdh ugha viukuh iM+rh cfYd Qlyksa esa eupkgs xq.kksa okys thu dk izos”k djkds ubZ

fdLe rS;kj dh tkrh gSA

,slh fdLeksa dks ijkthuh ;k VªakLtsfud fdLesa dgk tkrk gSaA vc rd nqfu;k Hkj esa 50

ls vf/kd ijkthuh fdLesa fodflr dh tk pqdh gSA buesa ls vf/kdka”k dh O;kolkf;d [ksrh

gks jgh gSA

bu ijkthuh fdLeksa esa jksx izfrjks/k] vf/kd mit] csgrj xq.koRrk vkSj vf/kd

fVdkÅiu tSlh [kwfc;ka ekStwn gksrh gSaA

efgdks&eksUlkUVks ck;ksVSd dEiuh }kjk egkjk’Vª] vkU/kz izns”k] dukZVd] rfeyukMq vkSj

gfj;k.kk esa mxk;h tk jgh dikl dh fookfnr chVh fdLe njvly ijkthuh Qly gSA

ckWaxkMZ* uked bl fdLe esa *ckWayoeZ* uked izeq[k dhV ds izfr jksf/krk ekStwn gSA

dikl esa ;g [kwch *chVh thu* ds ek/;e ls Mkyh xbZ gSA

Slide 9 *chVh thu* cSflyl Fkqfjaft,afll uked feV~Vh esa ik;s tkus okys

thok.kq dk thu gSaA gekjs ns”k esa Hkh *chVh thu* ds ek/;e ls ijkthuh

fdLesa fodflr dh tk jgh gSA

ubZ fnYyh fLFkr Hkkjrh; d`f’k vuqla/kku laLFkku dh iz;ksx”kkyk esa

cSaxu vkSj VekVj esa *chVh thu* Mkyh xbZ gSA blds fy, ;g thu

Hkkjrh; thok.kq ls izkIr dh x;hA

ukxiqj ds dsUnzh; dikl vuqla/kku laLFkku] jkteqanjh ds rackdw

vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk ds dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku vkSj y[kuÅ

ds jk’Vªh; ouLifr vuqla/kku laLFkku esa chVh thu okyh fdLesa fodflr

djus ds fy, iz;ksx py jgs gSA

vk”kk gS tYnh gh gekjs ns”k esa Hkh Lons”kh ijkthuh fdLeksa dh Qlysa

ygygk,axhA

Slide 10 fo”o ds eq[; d`f’k ckxckuh Qlyksa ds mn~xe LFkku

d`f’k ckxckuh mn~xe LFkku

v- eq[; vukt ,oa frygu Qlysa

Lkks;kchu ml le; dk la;qDr lksfo;r

jk’Vª la?k

Lwkjteq[kh mRrjh vesfjdk

eDdk esfDldks

ewaxQyh nf{k.k vesfjdk

xsgwWa] tkS] tbZ] elwj- puk nf{k.k if”pe ,f”k;k

pkoy nf{k.k iwohZ ,f”k;k

Tokj] cktjk] eMqWaok vQzhdk

Slide 11 c- Qy

LVªkcsjh] oSLVªuZ M;wcjh] jsM jsLicsjh] dSucsjh] ihdu uV~l mRrjh vesfjdk

,oksdkMks@eD[kuh Qy] vUUkukl nf{k.k vesfjdk

Lskc] uk”kikrh] vywpk] vaxwj] vathj] psjh nf{k.k if”pe& ,f”k;k

[ktwj] rjcwt vQzhdk

vaxwj] psjh] djsaV ;wjksi

dkdks] [kqekuh] uhacw iztkfr] vke] yhph] vkM+w] dsyk] ukfj;y Hkkjr ,oa nf{k.k iwohZ ,f”k;k

l- lfCt;kWa

ts#lye] vkFkhZpksd] Vsisjhchu mRrjh vesfjdk

VekVj] fyekchu] fLaVªxohu] lhrkQy] dn~nw] vkyw] fepZ]

“kdjdUnh] LdSo”k ¼ehBk dn~nw½

nf{k.k vesfjdk

ySV;wl] flysjh] ewyh] ikyd] eVj] iklZuhi@xktj] pqdUnj ;wjksi

fHkaMh] ;ke@jrkyw vQzhdk

n- vU;

vkpZM ?kkl] czkse ?kkl] taxyh jkbZ] ehMksQslD;w]

Dyksoj@cjlhe

ml le; dk la;qDr lksfo;r jk’Vª

la?k

l[r yky “kjn xsgwWa mdsfj;u

dkQh vQzhdk

Pkk;] xUuk nf{k.k iwohZ ,f”k;k

Slide 12 cht laj{kh bdkba;k

lq[kk;s gq, ikjaifjd chtksa dks ¼;g lqfuf”pr djrk gSa fd fdl izdkj ds ikni chtksa dh

fdLesa o iztkfr fo|ekku gSa½ 20&25 o’kksZa ls ysdj 150&200 o’kksZ rd thfor lqjf{kr j[k

ldrs gSaA

thu cSad esa laj{k.k o HkaMkj.k djus dk iqjkuk rjhdk ;g gSa fd N% izfr”kr ;k blls Hkh

de ueh okys chtksa dks ueh izfrjks/kh fyQkQksa o vk/kkuikrzksa esa 5 ls 20 fMxzh ls- xzs- rkieku

rFkk 30&40 izfr”kr vkisf{kd vknzZrk ij lhycan fd;k tkrk gSaA cgqr lkjh df’k Qlyksa ds

fy, ;g fof/k fo”oluh; gksrh gSaA

ijUrq dqN ikni fdLesa o iztkfr;kWa ,slh Hkh gSa] ftuds cht cgqr gh de le; thfor jg

ikrs gSa rFkk ftUgsa lqjf{kr j[kuk cM+k eqf”dy dk;Z gksrk gSaA bl izdkj ds chtksa ds fy,

cgqr lkjh rduhdksa dh vko”;drk gksrh gSa] tSls& fuEurkih laj{k.k ¼dzk;ksfiztjos”ku½A

,d izdkj dk fgehdj.k ;k ukbVªkstu nzO;] ftldk rkkieku 196 fMxzh la- xzs- gksrk gSa

;g ,d izdkj dh cgqr vPNh fodflr izkS|ksfxdh gSaA

bl izdkj ds chtksa] ftudk thoudky cgqr gh de o NksVk gksrk gS ;k mu ikniksa ds

fy;s ftUgsa cht #Ik esa lqjf{kr ugha j[k ldrs] ds fy, Ård lao/kZu rduhd mi;qDr gksrh

gSaA Ård lao/kZu ,d izdkj dh Dyksfuax rduhd gSa] ftlls iw.kZ LoLFk ikni txk;k tk

ldrk gSaA ikni ds ,d NksVs ls Hkkx dks vizkdfrd ek/;e esa rFkk fu;afrzr jksx eqDr

i;kZo;.k esa j[krs gSaA

Slide 13 vk/kqfud fof/k;ksa }kjk ikjEifjd chtksa ls mUur fdLeksa

dk fodkl

oSKkfud ,d gh izdkj ds ikni oa”k ;k iztkfr ,oa dqy ds vUnj ikjaifjd

ij&ijkx.k izfdz;k }kjk thuksa esa Qsj cny djrs gSa ;k vR;Ur vk/kqfud fof/k

vkuqoaf”kd bathfu;fjax ¼tsusfVd bathfu;fjax ½ }kjkA bl fof/k esa ikniksa ds ,d

laxzg ;k ftl ikni lewg dk Mh- ,u- ,- ysuk gS] jklk;fud la?kVdksa dh lgk;rk

ls mlds Mh- ,u- ,- ds VqdM+ks ,oa [k.Mksa dks IkFkd dj ?kksy esa j[kk tkrk gSaA] fQj

bls nwljs ikni ds Mh- ,u- ,- ds lkFk la;ksftr djrs gSaA vc vius u;s ?kj ;k

ekgkSy esa ;s thu fofHkUu dk;Z djrs gS] tSls dhVksa ,oa fofHkUu chekfj;ksa dk izfrjks/k

djukA

varjkZ’Vªh; pkoy vuqla/kku laLFkku] euhyk] fQyhikbUl] tgkWa ij lalkj Hkj ds

,dfrzr pkoy dh 86 gtkj fdLesa lqjf{kr gSa mlds HkwriwoZ funs”kd Vh- tq- pax ds

vuqlkj] D;k cM+s&cM+s cka/kksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj fodflr d`f’k gh izxfr gSa tSlk fd

lekt o mlds yksx dgrs gSaA bl foLrkjhdj.k us [kk|ku ladV [kM+k dj fn;k gSa]

D;ksfd ge lalkj Hkj dh taxyh o izkphu iztkfr;ksa ,oa buls fudV lEcU/k j[kus

okys d`f’k mi;ksxh ikS/kksa] tSls pkoy] eDdk] xsgwa vkfn dks izR;sd o’kZ [kksrs tk jgs

gSaA

Slide 14

xsgwa ds Lotkr fdLeksa ls dbZ egRoiw.kZ thu izkIr fd;s x;s vkSj mUgsa

ikni iztuudrkZvksa us iwjs lalkj Hkj ds fofHkUu d`f’k&ikfjfLFkfrdh; tyok;q

esa mxk;k] ftlds dkj.k tx tkfgj gfjr dzkfUr vkbZA

o’kZ 1977 esa eDdk dh taxyh fdLeksa ls thu izkIr fd;s x;s tks fo’kk.kq

izfrj{kk ¼okbjy bE;wfuVh½ ds fy, izfl} gq,] rFkk bUgha thuksa ls vuqi;qDr

Hkwfe esa Hkh O;kolkf;d eDdk iSnk gksus yxh] tks etcwr rus] etcwr tM+ksa

okyh cgqr ckyh Hkh fl} gqbZA

Slide 15 O;kikj chtksa dk

fo”ks’kKksa dh jk; gS fd Hkkjr ls cht fu;kZr dh

vikj laHkkouk, gSAnf{k.k ,f”k;k vkSj vQzhdk ds

ns”kksa esa Hkkjrh; chtksa dh vPNh ekax gSA

la;qDr jk’V vesfjdk lfCt;ksa ds cht ds O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk izeq[k lk>hnkj gS vkSj

dqN ekrzk esa lfCt;ksa ds cht vesfjdk dks fu;kZr Hkh fd;s tk jgs gSA

tkiku ,d vU; izeq[k lk>hnkj gSA ;g ,d fefy;u MkWayj eqY; ds lfCt;ksa ds

cht vk;kr dj jgk gS vkSj dqN ekrzk esa fu;kZr Hkh dj jgk gSA

;fn Hkkjrh; cht m|ksx chtksa dh xq.koRrk ds izfr vf/kd lpsr gks tk, rks chtksa

ds fu;kZr dk ;g flyflyk tksj idM+ ldrk gSA

varjkZ’Vªh; cktkj esa chtksa dk vkuqoaf”kd “kq}rk vkSj LokLFk cgqr ek;us j[krk gSA

japekrz v“kq}rk ;k lsgr ls tjk lh Hkh “kadk gksus ij cht okil dj fn;s tkrs gS

D;ksfd Qlyksa esa iuius okys vusd jksxksa dks thok.kq ;k fo’kk.kq jksxksa ds ek/;e ls ikS/kksa

es aizos”k djrs gSA ,sls jksxks dks chtks<+ jksx dgk tkrk gSA

Slide 16 chtks dk O;kikj c<+kus vkSj fons”kh eqnzk vftZr djus ds fy, chtksa dh tkap ds

HkjkslseUn vkSj rst mik; rqjUr fodflr djus gksaxsaA blh rjg laxjks/k tkWap dh u;h

rduhds Hkh fodfrl djuh gksaxhA

chtksa ds fu;kZr dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dqN vU; mik; Hkh lq>k;s x;s gS

rFkk chtksa vkSj vU; jksi.k lkexzh;ksa dks izfrcfU/r lkexzh dh lwph esa ls gVk

nsuk pkfg, D;ksfd bl izfrcU/k ds dkj.k dbZ ckj fu;kZr dh vuqefr feyus esa

bruh nsj gks tkrh gS fd *vkMZj* gh jí gks tkrk gSA

ljdkj chtksa dh deh dh n”kk esa rqjUr fu;kZr dj izfrcU/k yxkus dk

vf/kdkj j[k ldrh gSA gSnjkckn] vkSjaxkckn] caxykSj vkSj fnYyh esaa futh {ksrzksa

dh cht ijh{k.k iz;ksx”kkyk,a LFkkfir dh tkuh pkfg,] rkfd cht fu;kZrdksa dks

fcuk fdlh foyEc vkSj ijs”kkuh ds ukjaxh varjkZ’Vªh; izek.k irz izkIr gks ldsA

;s iz;ksx”kkyk,a varjkZ’Vªh; cht ijh{k.k la?k }kjk ekU;rk izkIr gksuh pkfg,A

blh rjg ds dqN dne laxjks/k dh tkap ds fy, Hkh mBk, tkus dh t#jr

gSA

Slide 17 ikjaifjd chtksa ¼d`’kd iztkfr;ka½ dh deh ls

gksus okyh {kfr

Pkkoy ds {ksrz esa 1966 esa fQyhikbu esa gfjr dzkfUr vkbZ rFkk vPNh ns[k js[k esa

rS;kj laj{k.k dh lgk;rk ls mPp iSnkokj okys cht izkIr gq,A bl cht dh otg

ls ;|fi ;g ns”k 1977 esa vkRe fuHkZj gks x;k Fkk] ijUrq 1990 esa vdky ,oa izp.M

rwQku ds dkj.k bl ns”k dks vesfjdk tSls ns”k ls pkoy vk;kr djuk iM+kA

vnHkqr xq.kksa okyk ;g cht dhVksa ,oa fofHkUu chekfj;ksa rFkk iSnkokj ds ekeys esa

dbZ xquk vf/kd mi;ksxh lkfcr gqvk gSaA baMksusf”k;k vkSj Hkkjr tSsls fodkl”khy

ns”k igys vk;kr ij fuHkZj djrs Fks] ysfdu bu vHkwriwoZ chtksa dh otg ls

vkRefuHkZj gks x;s gSa vkSj Hkkjr rks vc lwMku ,oa vU; fodkl”khy ns”kksa dks fu;kZr

Hkh djrk gSaA

ysfdu vc Hkh bl vHkwriwoZ cht dks ifjiw.kZ] loksZre o vfr mRre ugha dgk tk

ldrkA dqN voljoknh dhV ,oa fo’kk.kq ¼okbjl½ ifjofrZr gksdj bu vHkwriwoZ

chtksa ds izeq[k xq.k izzfrjksf/krk dks lekIr dj nsrs gSaA

gekjs ikjaifjd cht] taxyh ouLifr;ka ,oa muls fudV laca/k j[kus okys df’k

ikni vius izkdfrd LFkkuksa ls xk;c gksrs tk jgs gSa rFkk budk LFkku ladj cht

ys jgs gSaA

Slide 18 vkyw dh Qly esa eSfDldks esa QQawn ls mRiUu jksx ds dkj.k vpkud 1845 esa

vk;jyS.M okfl;ksa dks Hkq[kejh dk eqag ns[kuk iM+k FkkA dqN n”kd iwoZ ,d QQqawn jksx us

Jhyadk esa [ksrh dks pisV esa ys fy;k FkkA

o’kZ 1984 esa uhacw iztkfr ds vadqfjr o`{kksa esa thok.kq jksx us ¶yksfjMk dks vpfEHkr dj

fn;k FkkA

dgk tkrk gSa fd pkoy iz/kku ns”k Jhysdk ds ikl 1959 esa 2000 fofHkuu fdLeksa ds

ikjaifjd cht ekStwn Fks] tcfd vc ekrz 5 izfr”kr cht gh mxk;k tk jgk gSaA

blh izdkj Hkkjr ns”k ds ikl rhl gtkj tkfr;ka] iztkfr;ka o fdLes ekStwn Fkh] ijUrq

vc ekrz 10 izfr”kr gh jg xbZ gSaA

MkWa- xsjhlu fofyfdl] izksQslj] tho foKku] esupsLVj fo”o fo|ky;] vesfjdk ds

vuqlkj u;s fodflr chtksa ds vkus ls ikjaifjd cht ,oa blds Lotkr rFkk fudV

lEcU/k j[kus okys ikni yqIr izk; ls gks x;s gSaA

o’kZ 1970 esa vesfjdk esa vizR;kf”kr egkekjh eDdk dh dkuZ yhQ CykbV dh otg ls

vfr fodflr vesfjdh d’kdksa esa rgydk ep x;k FkkA bl izdkj dh vizR;kf”kr

,sfrgkfld nq?kZVuk;sa u;h ugha gSaA

bfrgkl xokg gS fd tc Hkh ,d gh izdkj dh] ,d gh fdLe] tkfr o iztkfr dh

Qly cksbZ x;h, rHkh Qly dVkbZ ds le; Hkh’k.k ijs”kkuh dk eqag ns[kuk iM+kA

Slide 19 dqN pqukSfr;ka

lu 1994 esa xfBr fo”o O;kikj laxBu ds rgr gq, *fVªIl* ¼O;kikj lEcU/kh ckSf˜d

lEink vf/kdkj½ le>kSrs ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ljdkj dks Qlyksa dh fdLeksa ij viuk

ckSf˜d lEink vf/kdkj cuk;s j[kus ds fy, lu~ 2000 rd isVsaV djuk Fkk ;k *lqbZ

tsusfjl* iz.kkyh viukuh FkhA

Hkkjr us viuh fo”ks’k n”kkvksa dks ns[krs gq, *lqbZ tsusfjl* iz.kkyh viuk;h gSA bls

ykxw djus ds fy, ,d fo”ks’k fo/ks;d cuk;k x;k gS] tks jkT;LHkk }kjk 22 fnlEcj 98

dks ikfjr fd;k x;kA blesa ikS/k iztudks dks ubZ fodflr fdLeksa ij ckSf˜d laink

vf/kdkj iznku djus dk izko/kku gSA

lHkh ubZ fodflr fdLeksa dk iathdj.k djuk vfuok;Z gksuk pkfg, vkSj iathdj.k ds

le; iztud dks fdLe ds ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh Hkh gksuh pkfg, rkfd vkxs pydj fdLe

dh “kq rk ij fuxkg j[kh tk ldsA

fdLeksa dk iathdj.k gh muds chtksa ds izek.khdj.k dk vk/kkj gksxkA bl rjg lHkh

fdLeksa ds chtksa fd xq.koRrk ij fu;Urz.k j[kuk laHko gksxkA chtksa dh tkap ij[k vkSj

fu/kkZfjr ekudksa dh tkWap ds fy, ,d dsUnzh; cht izek.khdj.k izkf/kdj.k xfBr djus dh

lykg nh gqbZ gSA

Slide 20 Ckht mRiknu ds fy, Qlyksa dh tkap ds rjhds dks O;ogkfjd vkSj dq”ky

cukuk gksxkA

blds fy, *dUVªksy IykaV* rduhd Hkh viuk;h tk ldrh gSA chtksa dh

vkuqokaf”kd tkap ds ekud Hkh fu/kkZfjr djus gksaxsA

blh rjg ?kjsyw mi;ksx ds fy, Hkh chtksa dh DokfyVh lq/kkjus ds mik;

djus gksaxsA blds fy, ,d dsUnzh; cht DokfyVh laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh tk

ldrh gSA

blds ikl *,xekdZ* dh rjg csgrj DokfyVh ds chtksa dks *lhM ekdZ*

tkjh djus dk vf/kdkj gksA *lhM ekdZ* izkIr djus ds fy, cht mRikndks dks

fu/kkZfjr ekud iwjs djus gksaxsA

gekjs ns”k esa chtksa ls lEcfU/kr vusd fu;e dkuwu gS tSls cht vf/kfu;e

1966] cht fu;e 1988] cht dUVªksy vkMZj] 1983 vkfnA t#jh ;g gS fd

orZeku vko”;drkvksa dks ns[krs gq, bu lHkh dks lesfdr djds ,d O;ogkfjd

cht dkuwu cuk;k tk,A

Slide 21 ikjEifjd chtksa ¼d`’kd

iztkfr;ksa½ dk j[k j[kko

vkt ikjEifjd chtksa ds tuunzO;ksa ds laj{k.k

ds fy;s nks eq[; fof/k;kWa Kkr gSa%

bu flVw ;k vkWu lkbV vFkkZr ,slh izkd`frd txg ij laj{k.k djuk

tSls izkd`frd ou] izkd`frd ikdZ vkfnA

,Dl flVw ;k vkQ~ lkbV vFkkZr iz;ksx”kkykvksa] dkap ?kj] vizkd`frd ?kj]

thu cSad esa laj{k.k djukA

orZeku le; esa Ård lao/kZu }kjk ,Dl flVw ikni laj{k.k dk;Zdze

vf/kd mi;ksxh fl} gks jgk gSaA

Slide 22 vkt ds ;qx esa ikni tuunzO;ksa ds izkd`frdoklksa dk rsth ls gzkl ,oa

{kj.k gksrk tk jgk gSa] tcfd ,Dl flVw laj{k.k lqxerk ls gj le;

miyX/k jgrk gSaA ;|fi ;g izkS|ksfxdh dkQh [kphZyh ,oa egaxh fl} gqbZ gS]

fQj Hkh ikni tuubzO; lalk/ku] ds fy, mi;qDr fl} gks jgh gSaA

ikni tuunzO; ¼ikjEifjd cht½ laj{k.k ds fy, bu flVw dk;Zdze vf/kd

izHkkoh gSa] D;ksfd izkd`frd voLFkk esa’ ikjEifjd cht viuh izkphu fdLeksa

ds vf/kd fudV jgrk gSaA

dHkh dHkkj muesa thuksa dk lekxe] vknku&iznku izkd`frd #Ik ls gksus

ds dkj.k tuunzO; lalk/ku esa fofHkUurk cuh jgrh gSa] ysfdu vkt euq’;ksa

}kjk fufeZr d`f’k ifjfLFkfrdh mls u’V djus esa tqVh gSaA

vkt ;g tSfod izfdz;k lekIr gksus dh dxkj ij gS] fQj Hkh ge lekt

dks izpkj] izlkj ek/;eksa }kjk psrkouh ,oa Kku nsdj bu flVw ikjEifjd

chtksa dk j[k j[kko dj ldrs gSaA

Slide 23

tuunzO; vUos’k.k ,oa laxzg.k

o’kZ 1985 ls 2013 rd Hkokyh dsUnz }kjk 156 vUos’k.k

,oa laxzg.k gsrq nkSjksa dk vk;kstu fd;k rFkk 16423

LFkkuh; Qlyksa dh fdLeksa dk lqnwj ioZrh; {ksrzksa ls

laxzg fd;k x;k gS] ftuesa izeq[k lqnwj nqxZe ioZrh;

{ksrz gaS&ftyk peksyh ds #idq.M ¼5000 eh0½] Qwyksa dh

?kkVh ¼3000&4500 eh0½] oklqdh rky ¼4500 eh-½] uSuhrky

o ikSM+h ds Fkk# ,oa cqDlk tutkfr {ks= ¼100&300 eh-½]

ftyk mRrjdk”kh esa gj&dh& nwu] pkufly /kkj ¼4500 eh0½] ftyk

ckxs”oj esa lqanj<qaxk] dkQuh ,oa fi.Mkjh ¼4500 eh0½] ÅW ioZr]

ukHkh<kax] xC;kZx] dqVh] ikoZrh ljksoj o NksVk dSyk”k ¼5000 eh0½

,oa vU; lqnwjorhZ nqxZe {ksrz “kkfey gSaA

Slide 24 mRrjk[k.M esa d`f’k&ckxokuh vkuqokaf”kd lalk/ku

Qly oxZ dk uke Ikztkfr;kas dh

la[;k

[kk|ku ¼/kku] xsgwW] tkS] eDdk vkfn½ 05

Nne&[kk|ku ¼pqvk] cFkqok] Åxy] dqVq] Qkij vkfn½ 06

eksVs o vfr eksVs vukt ¼efnjk] eMqWok] phaM+k] dkS.kh vkfn½ 06

nygusa ¼HkV] elwj] xgr] Nseh] eVj] ekl] mM+n] yksfc;k vkfn½ 17

frygu ¼ykgh] jk.kk] jkbZ] vylh] Hkaxthj] fry vkfn½ 09

lfCt;ka ¼isBk] ?kqbZ;k] xnqvk] Nseh] ykSdh] rqjbZ] djsyk] vkyw] cSaxu] ikyd] ckdyk

vkfn½

27

Lkykn ¼ewyh] ysaV;wl] xktj] “kyte vkfn½ 07

elkysa o Nksad okys ikni ¼gjxU/k] nqu] I;kt] yglqu] fepZ] t[;k] /kfu;k vkfn½ 17

js”kk ¼iVlu] Hkhey] fuxky½ 07

?kjksa@vkaxuksa ,oa ckM+ksa ds vkxs&ihNs ¼lseh MksesfLVdsVsM½ ¼edqZvk] HkksfV;k thjk vkfn½ 11

eknd is; & ukjdksfVDl ¼rEckdw vkfn½ 02

okf”kax@fMVjtsaV ¼jhBk½ 01

veknd Iks; ¼pk;½ 01

vkS’k/kh; ,oa lxa/k ikS/ks ¼vrhl] fo’k] xUnzk;.k] lkyeiatk] tVkeklh] dqVdh vkfn½ 12

m|kfudh ,oa vU; Qy ¼dhoh] iihrk] uhacw] dkdw] yksdkV] v[kjksV] lsc vkfn½ 34

dqy 162

Slide 25 e/; fgeky; dh O;olkf;d] vKkr] de

tkuh&igpkuh taxyh [kkus ;ksX; ouLifr;ksa esa

vkuqokaf”kdh fofHkUurk ,oe~ lalk/ku

fofHkUu iknikas esa

vkuqokaf”kdh lalk/ku

dqy

¼la[;k½

Oka”k

¼la[;k½

tkfr

¼la[;k½

izeq[k dqy

df’k ,oe~ ckxokuh Qly

,oe~ muls fudV lEcU/k

j[kus okyh ouLifr;kW]

vkS’k/kh; ,oe~ lqxa/kh; ikS/ks

¼O;olkf;d izdkj ds½

112 162 53 Qscslh ¼21½] czslhdslh ¼12½]

dqdqjfcVslh ¼14½] iksoslh ¼11½] #Vslh

¼08½] jkstslh ¼07½] lksysuslh ¼07½]

,sislh ¼07½] ,sesjkbZyhMslh ¼06½

izeq[k taxyh [kkus ;ksX;

ouLifr;kW

259 359 119 jkstslh ¼27½] iksyhxsuslh ¼20½] Qscslh

¼14½] yseslh ¼12½] ,LVsjslh ¼11½]

,sesjkbZyhMslh ¼10½] fyfy,lh ¼10½]

vVhZdslh ¼10½] ,ejsUFkslh ¼08½]

lhlyfiuslh ¼07½] cslhdslh ¼07½]

#Vslh ¼07½] eksjslh ¼07½] #cslh ¼06½

Cont.

Slide 26 fofHkUu iknikas esa

vkuqokaf”kdh

lalk/ku

dqy ¼la[;k½ Oka”k

¼la[;k½

tkfr

¼la[;k½

izeq[k dqy

Hkkjr ns”k ds fy,

ubZ vfrfjDr [kkus

;ksX; ouLifr;kW

¼vKkr@de

tkuh&igpkuh½

40 50 30 iksyhxsuslh ¼07½]

,sesjkbZyhMslh ¼03½] bZjhdslh

¼03½] ,LVsjslh ¼03½] jkstslh

¼03½] ok;syslh ¼03½

Hkfo’; ds cktkj esa

mPp nke ij

feyus okyh [kk|

taxyh ouLifr;kW

¼LFkkuh; cktkj esa

fodz; gsrq@yksd

?kjsyw@v/kZ ?kjsyw

izdkj dh½

40 53 29 jkstslh ¼10½] ikyhxksuslh

¼03½

Slide 27 taxyh [kk| ouLifr;ksa dh vkB Jsf.k;kW ,oa muesa oa”k] tkfr ,oa

izeq[k dqyksa dh la[;k

Jsa.kh@oxZ dqy

¼la[;k½

Oka”k

¼la[;k½

tkfr

¼la[;k½

izeq[k dqy

lfCt;kW 57 119 165 iksyhxsuslh] Qscslh] yseslh] ,ejsUFkslh]

lhlyfiuslh] dqdqjfoVslh

Qy 61 112 156 jkstslh] eksjslh] cjscsjhMslh] #Vslh]

,ukdksMsalh] bgjlslh

Eklkys 25 56 106 ,yh,lh] ,ih,lh] czslhdslh] yseslh]

iksyhxksuslh] #Vslh] ftUthfcjslh]

vpkj@pVuh 23 29 35 jkstslh] bysbxuslh] ikyhxksuslh

nkuk@cht@fxjhnkj ;k

dk’BQy ;k uV

27 29 34 Ikksyhxksuslh] ckylkehuslh

lykn@dPpk [kkus ;ksX; 30 45 52 Ikksyhxksuslh] ,LVsjslh

eknd@veknd@is;@

”kcZr

35 57 70 ,ih,lh] ,LVsjslh] dsukfcuslh] yseslh]

iks,lh] iksyhxksuslh] jkstslh] #Vslh]

lsiksVslh o Okk;syslh

frygu 04 06 08 okylkfeuslh] lsiksVslh

Slide 28 xsgwW dh ijEijkxr fdLesa % ,d v/;;u ¼ikSM+h x<+oky½

ijEijkxr fdLesa xsgwW Ikzfr”kr

(%)

,fPNd@bfPNr xq.k

eqafM;k@eqUnzh ¼>wl

jfgr½

44 vflafpr@flafpr] vdky izfrjks/kh

LoknHkjh jksVh] vPNk pkjk mRikn

>wfl;k@fdlko ¼>wl

lfgr½

25 vflafpr vPNh iSnkokj taxyh

tkuojksa ls cpkrk gS rFkk taxyksa ls

lVs xkWo esa

QkehZ@ns”kh ¼mPp

iSnkokj nsus okyh fdLesa½

31 flafpr Hkwfe o vf/kd [kkn] esgur

Slide 29

cht jax ¼xsgwW½ % ,d v/;;u ¼ikSM+h x<+oky½

cht jax Ykky vEcj lQsn dqy %

eqafM;k@eqUnzh 31 23 23 77

>wfl;k 19 04 00 23

dqy ;ksx % 50 27 23 100

Slide 30 vU; ,fPNd xq.k vk/kkj ¼xsgwW½ %

,d v/;;u ¼ikSM+h x<+oky½

LFkku

iSnkokj Lkw[kk

izfrjks/kh

jksVh dk

Lokn

Pkkjk

iSnkokj

taxyh tkuojksa

o if{k;ksa ls

cpko

{ksrzQy

iSnkokj

eqafM;k@eqUnzh

LFkkuh;

2 1 1 1 3 1

>wfl;k LFkkuh; 1 2 2 2 1 2

QkehZ@ns”kh 3 3 3 3 2 3

Slide 31 ,dfrzr fd;s x;s d`’kd iztkfr

/kku ds uke

¼v½ 50 ehVj ls 1500 ehVj

vkuanh@vUnh vkuanh vatuk cM+k lkdsr

Ckxkjh cXkfM;k cxkuh cedqvk

Ckkdqyh ckjhd cxfM;k cklerh ckSuh

Hknkjh fcUnqyh Ckh;wjk Pk[;k&59

pEck Nkuh NkSfu;k fpUeqjh

Pkkbuk&IV NksfV;k lkdsr NksVh NksfV;k

nknh/kku nQkSVh ny cny MkUMw ukSyh

MaaXk;k ns”kh cklerh /kfu;k nq/k

xMkyk Xks# X;klw Tkheh

Xkhtk Xkksj[kiqjh xqjnh galh

galjkt gkFkh bUnzklu tekyh

tkSyh tkSfy;k Tk;Urh tokyh pkj

>qejh dkyk/kku dkykthjh dkyheykbZ

dYFkquh;k deksjk dUrdksfy;k djgjk

dRjh;k [kktk [kft;k [kkjk

dhjeksyks fdjewyh dksbZefj;k dqusyMh

Cont.

Slide 32

¼v½ 50 ehVj ls 1500 ehVj

yky clUrh Ykky/kku@ykylkVh yekMh ykSax@ykSax

ykouh Ekk/kqjh eUlwjh elwjh

ehecjh eslw eksfV;k cxfM;k eksrh;k@eksfrvk

eqath uku/kkuh@uUngkuh uDdk ikoZrh

ikfdLrkuh ikdrksyh irksyh ikSVh

ihfy;k fiaXyk fiaXyh fiaXywukt

Ikh vkj&106 Iatkch Ikwlk&33 jktHkksx

jkterh Jtwyk jketoku jeuqvk

jVwfj;k lcjh lQsn vatu lky

lkdsr lkjh lkFkh lkSjk

lkSjh lkouikrh “kdqUryk lhetM+h

Lkw;kZ rkjhdksV rkbZpqax usfVo Fkkikphuh

fryd&pUnu freyh m[kSaM th#yh

Cont.

Slide 33 ¼c½ 1501 ls 2000 ehVj

vUpu cnikM+k cxwok Ckuiklk

HkR;k cqX;ky Pokj PokV

PokVks Pkhack NksVh /kqj cklerh

nq/kh nqf/k;k xM;kyh xaxjhlh

Xk#fM+;k K;klwZ tSrksyh tSrqok

tkikuh t[kZ;k Tkkok/kku >kiwyh

>jok >wlh >qUlkjh th#yh

tqYlk dtwjh dysÅ dkSuk

dRkwj;k dRFkwax dqekÅW ukt dUMwjh

djikj Ykky ywdwjh enxqjh

Ekghu eqaX;k irkfu;k joU;L;k

fj[k;ksM+ jksVh jksfVaxk lQsn L;ky

Lkky Lkkok Lk;kujh “kk[kwy

Lkq[kfgyk VaxMwyh rsyh Bqyuku/kkuh

Rkksfy;k m[kSM m[ksM+h fodkl igkM+h

Slide 34 mRrjk[k.M esa /kku ds eq[; {ksrz

cklerh jkexaxk ?kkVh] pdjksrk] riksou ¼_f’kds”k½] eysFkk

mijkÅ@eksVk@yky jax@”khr

izfrjks/kh

tksgkj] nkuiqj] nkjek] dkyh ?kkVh] rekyh] lkSj] xaxksyhgkV]

FkSyhlSa.k o vyduUnk ?kkVh

,VfdaUlu ¼1882½&48( 1995&21( 2006&14

vc rd Hkkjr esa /kku dh 739 lq/kjh gqbZ fdLeksa dk foekspu( T;knkrj d’kd iztkfr;kW e/;e

ÅWpkbZ esa ¼2500 eh0½ miyC/kA ekrz 0-7% fdLesa gh e/;e ÅWpkbZ rd igqWp ikbZ gSaA

veknd is; lHkh yky jax cht ds /kku

eksVs rus@izfrdwy okrkoj.k esa flYdk] ykyerh] lkrerh

lqxU/k o Lokn galjkt] cklerh] cjiklks] dR;wj] Fkkikphuh

mPp iSnkokj jktHkksx] mYgVk] tCnh

yEcs vkdkj ds nkus jketoku] cklerh

lHkh {ksrzksa ds fy, mi;qDr Fkkikphuh] NksVw@NqVqok

jax Ykky % jru] yky tfM+;k] yky /kku] ikSfB;k] fuebZ(

ihyk&lQsn % jketoku

vkS’k/kh; xq.k dQY;k] ykylkVh] enxqjh

iwtk@vk/;kfRed@fookg ,oa vU;

ekaxfyd lekjksg vkfn

lSyk] lkok] cjiklks] fryd pUnu] ykyk pUnu] cdqfy;k

¼”khr izfrjks/kh½] yVwfj;k] /kfu;k

ukLrk ¼pcsuk] cq[k.kk] P;wM+k] [khy½ lkok] [kft;k] vkuUnh@vUnh

taxyh tkuojksa ls cpko pefM+;k] ?kslw] L;wM+h

thu {kj.k@yqIr Ekq[ekj] lqu[kphZ] nq/k] xksft;k@xksth o cksjku

Slide 35 /kku dh LFkkuh; d`’kd iztkfr;kW % ,d v/;;u ¼ftyk ckxs”oj½

lkekU; d’kd iztkfr

¼flafpr@vflafpr½

flafpr Hkwfe mijkÅ Hkwfe

cdqvk cusrh vLdksVh

cuclk ?ksslw cuikl

NksfV;k@NksVw Tekyh cksfjZ;k

nycny >Mqok cksjku

MYyw d”ehjh pefM;k

TkkSfy;k dR;wjh nu ukSyh

didksVh eqFkekyk >qefj;k

dkoFkquh ikfuy taxbZ@taxy /kku

[kft;k izlkn dko/kku

enxqjh I;ksfy;k ewlkSyh

uku/kkuh iatkch ikdrksyh

ukSfy;k jru Ikrkjh

L;qfM;k jksVh L;kSaV

Fkkikphuh ryid rduksbZ

mLdj

mB

Slide 36 /kku % mPp iSnkokj nsus okyh fdLeksa ls {kj.k ¼ckxs”oj½

mPp iSnkokj nsus okyh

fdLesa

LFkkuh; d`’kd iztkfr;ka

[krjs esa

Ikzfr”kr ekrzk

¼d`’kd iztkfr;ksa

esa cnyko½

rkbZpqax usfVo&8 th#yh] eaxjkt] ukSfy;k 5-17

Pkkbuk&4] vkbZ vkj&24 fleutM+h] /kqj cklerh]

vdM+h] jkterh] vatuh]

eqlekj] dYij] gB]

ek[kqj] lao/kku

Slide 37 d`’kdksa }kjk LFkkuh; /kku iztkfr;ksa dk p;u % ,d v/;;u

¼ftyk ckxs”oj½

LFkku d’kdksa }kjk LFkkuh; iztkfr dk p;u@igpku

{ksrz mPp

iSnkokj

Lokn pkjk izfrdwy

okrkoj.k

Tkaxyh tkuojksa }kjk

uqdlku uk gksus

okyh

1 Fkkikphuh Fkkikphuh tekbZ Fkkikphuh Fkkikphuh nu ukSyh

2 tekbZ@tekyh NksfV;k Fkkikphuh mLdj mLdj pefM+;k

3 NksfV;k -- cdqvk -- pefM;k tqaxbZ

4 -- -- -- -- doFkquh --

5 -- -- -- -- cdqvk --

6 -- -- -- -- cksjku --

7 -- -- -- -- nu ukSyh --

Slide 38 d`’kdksa }kjk /kku ds LFkkuh; uke dh

O;qRifRr % ,d v/;;u ¼ftyk ckxs”oj½

oxZ okaNuh; df’k ewY;kadu xq.k la[;k

¼izfr”kr½

ikni vkdkfjdh ikni ÅWpkbZ] cht jax]

“kkdh; xq.k

17 ¼37-78½

Ik;kZoj.kh; ck/;rk enk ds izdkj] i;kZoj.k

izfrdwyrk] Qly izdkj

13 ¼28-89½

df’k&ewY;kadu

xq.k

Qwy o idus dk le;]

iSnkokj

04 ¼8-89½

mnxe@Lrzksr LFkku@{ksrz] xzke] fdlku 08 ¼17-77½

mi;ksfxrk O;atuksa ds izdkj] Lokn] yksd

Kku

03 ¼6-67½

Slide 39

d`’kdksa }kjk izkIr chtksa dk Lrzksr ¼ftyk ckxs”oj½

cht miyC/krk la[;k izfr”kr ¼%½

Lo;a ds [ksr esa 45 77-58

iM+ksl ds xkWo@fj”rsnkj 10 17-24

Lo;a cht ,tsUlh 03 5-18

dqy 58 100-00

Slide 40 ikni thu {kj.k % voyksdu

vof/k : d’kd iztkfr;ksa esa idus dh vof/k T;knk tcfd mPp iSnkokj fdLeksa esa

deA

vkdkj : ikS/ks] nkus@cht] “kkkdh; c<+okj mRrjnk;h gS p;u@igpku@{kj.k dsA

rduhdh Kku : d’kd@ijEijkxr iztkfr;ksa esa rduhdh Kku

¼cqvkbZ@fujkbZ@xqM+kbZ@dVkbZ vkfn½ lfn;ksa ls miyC/kA

ekSle cnyko : ikuh dh miyC/krk de gksus ls fdlkuksa us flafpr Hkwfe esa mxus okys

iztkfr;ksa dks mijkÅ@vflafpr Hkwfe esa yxkus ds fy, ck/;

Ikztkfr;ksa esa cnyko : /kku iztkfr;ksa esa dYBqfu;k] xMkyk] teky o cklerh dh txg

vLdksVh dsk yxkuk “kq# dj fn;k gS D;ksfd ;g mPp iSnkokj] “khr

izfrjks/kh o mijkÅ {ksrz esa vPnh rjg ls iSnkokj nsrh gSA

Xkksth dks cnyk gS fuebZ lsA

ekrzk ij T;knk /;ku xq.koRrk ij deA

nhed] xusy] pwgs]

[kjxks”k] cUnj] yaxwj ds

vkdze.k ,oa vU; izfrdwy

okrkoj.k gksus ds dkj.k

: Xkq#l@ukSjaxh nky] efnjk] eMqok] HkV] ekl] xgr] dHkh ,d le; esa

vPnh iSnkokj gksrh Fkh ijUrq nhed] xusy] pwgs] [kjxks”k] cUnj] yaxwj ds

vkdze.k ,oa vU; izfrdwy okrkoj.k gksus ds dkj.k lHkh Qlyksa esa

mRiknu de o lekfIr ds dxkj ijA

ijEijkxr izpyu@

jhfr&fjokt@ fof/k;kW

: vokMk % xfeZ;ksa esa gy tqrkbZ] [ksr lery djuk] [kjirokjksa dks

tykuk vkfn izpyu@jhfr&fjokt yxHkx lekfIr dh vksjA

Slide 41

Slide 42 tuunzO; ewY;kadu

bl dsUnz esa df’k&ckxokuh Qlyksa tSls jktekl] elwj] eVj]

xsgwW] tkS dh taxyh ,oe~ muls fudV lEcU/k j[kus okys

ikni tSls taxyh I;kt] yglqu] fHkaMh] pkjk?kkl] m|kuh;

,oe~ ltkoVh ikni Mgsfy;k] xqykc] lsc] vkM+w] [kqckuh]

v[kjksV] uk”kikrh] cknke vkfn dk ewY;kadu dk;Z Hkh fd;k

tk jgk gSA vkS’k/kh; ,oa laxa/k ikni iztkfr;ksa esa miyC/k

fofHkUu mi;ksxh jklk;fud vOk;oksa dk iz;ksx”kkyk esa

v/;;u ds }kjk xgu ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA

mijksDr ewY;kadu izfdz;kvksa dks nks ;k nks ls vf/kd o’kksZ rd yxkrkj djuk

iM+rk gSaA vkS|kfud Qlyksa esa bl dk;Z dks dbZ o’kZ yx tkrs gSaA bl izdkj tuunzO;

ewY;kadu }kjk oSKkfudksa dks fofHkUu okafPNr xq.kksa ls ;qDr vuqla/kku lkexzh miyC/k gks

tkrh gSA lkFk gh lkFk d’kdksa ds fy, vPNs fdLeksa ds mn;eku tuunzO;ksa dk Hkh irk

pyrk gSA vHkh rd ewY;kadu tuunzO;ksa esa ls 162 mn;eku tuunzO;ksa ds #Ik esa

fpfUgr fd;s x;s gSaA buesa izeq[k Qlysa gSa&xsgwW] tkS] eDdk] eMqWok] jktek] elwj] fepZ]

jkblchu] LVªkcsjh] XysfM;ksykbZ] dhoh ¼rkseqjh&uj] gSokMZ ,oa ,yhlu&eknk½] uhacw

¼mRrjkapyh dkxth uhacw½] fglkyw ¼mRrjkapyh fglkyw½] dkdw ¼mRrjkapyh dkdw½] pkSpkS

¼mRrjkapyh pkSpkS½] jkst ftjsfu;e] xkMZu lst] jkstesjh] ySosUMj vkfnA

Slide 43 tuunzO; fofue;

fons”kksa ls vk;kr fu;kZr ds vfrfjDr ns”k esa d`f’k

,oa vkS|kfud dk;ksZ ls tqM+s oSKkfudksa dks muds }kjk

okafPNr tuunzO; Hkh miyC/k djk;s tkrs gSaA bl gsrq tuunzO; ysus okyh

laLFkk dks ,d le>kSrk irz ij gLrk{kj djuk gksrk gSaA bl rjg Hkokyh fLFkr

{ksrzh; dsUnz fofHkUu laLFkkvksa dks vuqla/kku gsrq Qlyksa] Qyksa] tM+h&cwfV;ksa]

lfCt;ksa] nyguksa vkfn dk tuunzO; miyC/k djrk gSA

oSKkfud laLFkkvksa ds vfrfjDr {ksrz ds d`’kdksa dks Hkh {ksrzh; dsUnz }kjk

mi;ksxh ikni fdLeksa dks ekaxdj rFkk mudk ewY;kadu djds miyC/k djk;k

tkrk gSA dhoh Qy] de rkieku o de ÅWpkbZ ij mxus okys lsc] uk”kirh]

jkst ftjsfu;e] ySosUMj] jkstesjh] Dysjhlst] isluQzwV vkfn blds lQy

mnkgj.k gSaA

Slide 44 tuunzO; laj{k.k

mu ikni iztkfr;ksa dk ftudk vklkuh ls cht cu tkrk

gS mUgsa ewY;kadu ds Ik”pkr~ yach vof/k Hk.Mkj.k ¼50&100 o’kZ½

ds fy, eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA e/; vof/k Hk.Mkj.k gsrq ¼10&20

o’kZ½ dsUnz ij gh “khr x`g gS] tgkW leLr oSKkfud ijh{k.k ds mijkUr chtksa dks

lajf{kr j[kk tkrk gSA bl izdkj ds laj{k.k dks ,Dl&lhVw ¼vizkdfrd okl½

laj{k.k dgk tkrk gSA

ikniksa dh vusd iztkfr;ka ,slh Hkh gksrh gS ftudk cht ugha cu ikrk gS]

mudk izlkj.k tM+] Vguh o vU; fof/k;ksa }kjk gksrk gSA ,slh iztkfr;ksa dks {ksrzh;

dsUnz ds iz{ksrz rFkk okuLifrd m|ku ¼vc rd 445 uewus laxzg fo|eku½ esa fd;k

tkrk gSA tks oSKkfudksa dh ns[k&js[k esa gksrk gSaA blds vfrfjDr vusd ikni

iztkfr;ksa tSls& dsyk] gYnh] vnjd o vusdksa nwljh iztkfr;ksa dk laj{k.k Ård

laoa/kZu rduhd }kjk fd;k tkrk gS bl gsrq tuunzO; lkexzh ubZ fnYyh fLFkr

eq[;ky; dks Hksth tkrh gSA bl rjg vusd ikni iztkfr;ksa dk laj{k.k

ijk&LFkkus ¼bu&foVªks½ iz.kkyh ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA

Cont.

Slide 45 ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Z tks *izkd`frd okl* ¼vku QkeZ datjos”ku½ esa laj{k.k

dgykrk gSA ;g {ksrzh; dsUnz] bl fn”kk esa egRoiw.kZ dk;Z dj jgk gSA bl dk;Z

gsrq fdlkuksa dks mudh ijEijkxr Qly iztkfr;ksa dks lajf{kr j[kus gsrq izsfjr

fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj mUgsa rduhd miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA lkFk gh lkFk

nwj&njkt ds d’kdksa ds muds vkl&ikl miyC/k tM+h&cwfV;ksa dh tkudkjh nsdj

mUgsa laj{k.k gsrq izsfjr fd;k tkrk gSA

{ksrzh; dsUnz Hkokyh ds e/;e vof/k Hk.Mkj.k x`g esa orZeku esa [kk|kUu]

Nn~e [kk|kUu] eksVs o vfr eksVs vukt] nyguksa] frygu] lfCt;ksa] elkysa o NkSad

okys ikS/ks] tM+h&cwfV;ka] Qlyksa dh taxyh iztkfr;ka o lkt&lTtk okys ikni

dh 11]367 uewus lajf{kr gSaA buds vfrfjDr vusdksa ikni iztkfr;ka ¼yxHkx 1403

uewus½ okuLifrd m|ku o iz{ksrz esa lajf{kr j[kh xbZ gSaA

Slide 46 jk’Vªh; ikni vkuqokaf”kd lalk/ku C;wjks] {ksrzh; dsUnz Hkokyh esa e/;e vof/k

Hk.Mkj.k esa fofHkUu d`f’k] ckxokuh] vkS’k/kh;] lax/kh; ,oa vU; vkfFkZd mi;ksxh

ouLifr;ksa dh foLr`r tuunzO; fLFkfr ¼tqykbZ 2013 rd½

Qly oxZ dk uke Lkaxzfgr uewuksa

dh la[;k

[kk|ku ¼TkkS&721] EkDdk&301] /kku&973] XksgwWa&2255½ 4250

Nne&[kk|ku ¼jkenkuk&559] dwVw@vksxy&45½ 604

eksVs o vfr eksVs vukt ¼Ekfnjk&176] EkMqWaok&317] dkdqu&26]

Pkhuk&20] Tokj&02½

541

nygusa ¼,Mtqdh chu&08] mM+n&101] Ykkssc;k&90] Ckkdyk&19] QzSap

chu&1165] Pkuk&02] ewWax&03] dqYFkh&199] [ksljh&11] elwj&1245]

eksB&06] dkSap&04] eVj&350] vjgj&28] jkblchu&266]

Lkks;kchu&441½

3938

frygu ¼ljlksa &432] ewWaxQyh&81] vylh &01] fry&61]

Lkqjteq[kh&03½

578

Cont.

Slide 47 Qly oxZ dk uke Lkaxzfgr uewuksa

dh la[;k

lfCt;ka ¼isBk &04] ykSdh&30] cSaxu &01] xktj&02] cFkqok&06]

fHk.Mh&45] ewyh&121] rksjbZ&49] lse&27] ikyd&33] “kyte&01]

ddM+h&22] ehBk djsyk&41] djsyk & 2] dn~nw&12] rksjbZ ¼Liat

xkssMZ½& 02½

398

elkysa o Nksad okys ikni ¼Pkelwj&12] fepZ&1225] /kfu;k&232]

esFkh&106] Hkkax&22] I;kt&10] Hkaxthjk&55½

1662

vkS’k/kh; ,oa lax/k ikni 268

Qlyksa dh taxyh iztkfr;ka ¼,sthyksIl&97] ,sfy;e iztkfr;ka&28]

vksV iztkfr;ka&32] [khjk ¼taxyh½&32] tkS iztkfr&02] fHkaMh

iztkfr;ka&29] xsgwWa iztkfr;ka&135] isM+ okyk VekVj&01½

356

lkt lTtk okys ikS/ks ¼xSank iztkfr&22½ 22

dqy ;ksx 12617

Slide 48 misf{kr ,oe~ vYi mi;ksxh ikni % Hkfo"; dh

ladV ekspd Qlysa

izeq[k rhu Qlysa ¼fo'o dh [kk| lqj{kk ½ % eDdk] xsgw¡ o /kku

fo'o Hkj esa miyC/k % 7000 [kk| ikS/ks ¼Hkfo"; dh ladVekspd Qlysa½

● lfn;ksa ls Hkj.k&iks"k.k ● iks"k.k ls Hkjiwj

● izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iSnkokj ● df"k esa de ykxr

● Hkw[k ls yM+us dh {kerk

● mnkgjk.kFkZ % cFkqvk] LFkkuh; lks;kchu ¼dkys HkV~V½] dkQy] fdyeksM+k] pw[k@ ves'k] pqok@

elwZ@ jkenkuk] dqVw@ Qkij] mxy] ]fyaxqM+k dqFkqM+k fllw.k@ dM+kayh A

● jkstxkj ds volj

Qy % xqeQy] iksFkh] fglksay] Hkeksj] fxobZ] cgwgy] P;wjk] csMw] fduxksM+A

lfCt;ka % txZ] lsey] dpukj] frewy] r:M+] xsBh] :dhA

Eklkys % tEcw@ Qj.k] xUnzk;.k] ou & rqylh ] t[;k] Hakxthj] pe'kwjA

Slide 49 mRrjk[k.M % {ks= fo'ks"k dh dqN Qlysa

eaMy] xksis'oj ¼peksyh½] dsnkj ¼vYeksM+k½( iqYyk] pksesy]

yksgk?kkV ¼pEikor½( ukpuh] ck¡lcxM+ ¼fiFkkSjkx<+½

% Ukhacw] larjk] ekYVkA

dkyk[ksr@ jhNh@ VwVke ¼jkeuxj] uSuhrky½( ukSrky]

}kjkgkV] xqjM+kc¡kt] yksck¡t ¼vYeksM+k½

% xaMsjh ¼lQsn % nsj ls idus okyh]

yky % tYnh ls idus okyh½

dksV] vkxjk[kky ¼fVgjh½( pksIrk@ jksoM+k ] iaxwV

¼uSuhrky½

% vnj[k

Xk:M+] cStukFk ¼ckxs'oj½ % Ckklerh ¼tYnh idrh gSa½

fHkfd;klSa.k] ckM+kdksV ¼vYeksM+k½ % xgFk] efnjk] HkV~V] >axksjkA

/kkukpwyh] lqcwbZ ¼uSuhrky½( dk.kkrky ¼fVgjh½( Fkjkyh]

nsoky yksgkxat ¼peksyh½

% yEcs vkyw ¼lQsn Qwy½

fHkfd;klSa.k ¼vYeksM+k( [kVhek] cuclk ¼m/ke flag uxj½ % Ykky vkyw ¼ykfyek½

x:M+] lkses'oj ¼vYeksM+k½ % vkyw lQsn Qwy ¼ykSaxdhij½

pkaQh] uSy] f?ka?kjk.kh ¼uSuhrky½ % yky ¼flapkbZ½

/kkukpwyh] ineiqjh] igkM+ikuh] esj xk¡o] MksaB] Nfy;kxksaB

¼uSuhrky½

% vkyw ¼vflafpr½

Slide 50 lYV] ddyklks ¼vYeksM+k½ % fepZ] pkSykbZ@ jkenkuk

/kfu;kdksV ¼uSuhrky½ % VekVj

[kSjuk] xjeikuh] ckjxy ¼uSuhrky½ % f'keyk fepZ

gjrik] frrkSyh] pksIrk ¼uSuhrky½ % /kfu;k

fHkfd;klSa.k] eklh] pkS[kqfV;k] ikaMs[kksyh] jkexaxk ?kkVh ¼vYeksM+k½ % vke ¼vpkjh@ pwLik cEcblk] cUnjeq[kh]

dyeh] ckjegeklh½

dqVh] equL;kjh] lksj?kkVh ¼fiFkkSjkx<+½ % dksVw] Qkij

pUnknsoh ¼uSuhrky½] d:yh ¼ckxs'oj½] lsjk?kkVh ¼vYeksM+k½ % igkM+h dsyk

Xkxkl?kkVh ¼vYeksM+k½ % ykSdh] ddM+h] rqjbZA

deyxk<+ iqjksyk ¼mRrjdk'kh½ % Pkofj;k /kku

nqukfxfj ¼vYeksM+k½ % Ekwyh

gf"kZr ¼mRrjdk'kh] eqUkL;kjh]½ ¼fiFkkSjkx<+½] eqDrs'oj] /kkukpwyh] ¼uSuhrky½]

tkSulkj & Hkkcj] pdjkSrk ¼nsgjknwu½

% jktek

Ykksgk?kkV ¼pEikor½ % ew¡xQyh

nsgjknwu] dksV}kj ¼ikSM+h½] riksou] _f"kds'k ¼fVgjh½] ckxs'oj % cklerh

jkeuxj] nsgjknwu % yhph

dqtx<+ dk lsjk] jkuh[ksr] xxkl?kkVh ¼vYeksM+k½ % I;kt dk cht

esa<kuk?kkV ¼ikSM+h½ % v[kjksV

fouk;d] ekSuk] Yos'kky pkiM+ ¼uSuhrky½( vksyh] eykjh] tks'keB ¼peksyh½ % [kqckuh

Slide 51 HkkSxksfyd igpku fpg~uksa@ ladsrks ¼ft;ksxzfQdy

bUMhds'ku½ dk d`f"k ckxokuh esa egRo

ckSf)d lEink vf/kdkj ¼vkbZ-ih-vkj-½

1 O;kikj jgL; ¼VªsM lhØsV½

2 ,dkkf/kdkj ¼isVsUV½

3 O;kikj fpg~u ¼VªsM ekdZ½

4 izdk'ku vf/kdkj ¼dkih jkbV½

5 HkkSxksfyd igpku fpg~u @ ladsr ¼ft;ksxzfQdy bUMhds'ku½

ih-ih-oh ,.M ,Q- vkj- 2001 ikS/kk fdLe lqj{kk ,oe~ d"kd vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e

vjc % ?kksM+ks ds fy,

phu % flYd

<kdk % Ekyey

osful % lhlk

Hkkjr

Hkkjr o ikfdLrku

%

%

elkysa

cklerh pkoy

Slide 52 jkT; la[;k HkkSxksfyd igpku fpg~u @ ladsr

dukZVd jkT; 13 eSlwj iku iRrk] eSlwj tklehu] mnqih tklehu] gkMkxyh

tklehu] dqxZ larjk] dqxZ gjh byk;ph] vIihehnh vke vkfnA

dsjy 08 Ekkykckj dkyh fepZ] uokjk /kku] ikyDdM- eV~Vk /kku] ,Yyih

gjh byk;ph] iksDdyh /kku vkfnA

if'pe caxky 04 nkftZfyax pk; ¼'kCn o yksxks nksuks ds fy,½] {khjlkirh

¼fgelkxj½] vke] ekYnk Qtyh vke] y{e.k Hkksx vkeA

rfeyukMw 03 b;sFkkseks>h yEck ukfj;y] oh:i{kh igkM+h dsyk] fl:eykbZ

igkM+h dsykA

egkjk"Vª 02 egkckys'oj LVªkcsjh] ukfld vaxwj A

mRrj izns'k 01 eyhgkcknh n'kgjh vkeA

ukxkyS.M 01 ukxk fepZA

fgekpy izns'k 01 dkaxM+k pk;A

vkU/kz izns'k 01 xqVw¡j lue fepZA

mRrjk[k.M 00

dqy 34

34 jftLVªs'ku gks pqds gSa ¼2013 rd½

Slide 53

{ks= HkkSxksfyd igpku fpg~u {ks= HkkSxksfyd igpku

fpg~u

dqekÅ¡ Ckky feBkbZ] fp=dyk ,sai.k }kjkgkV ckjgeklh vke

x<+oky vlsZ o jksV gjrik] frrkSyh] uFkqok[kku gjk fiNkSyk lsc

mRrjk[k.M cq[kq.kk o P;wM+k] vpwd vkS"kf/k

nS ;k@ fiz;qax@ fcyekSM+h]

t[;k@ frykSj ] dqedqe@dksad]

dhM+k & tM+h ;k ;kjlkxEcw

[kijkx<+] jkex<+

¼uSuhrky½

Mh- ds- Msyhll lsc

fVgjh x<+oky flaxksM+h fiFkkSjkXk<-+ P;wjk

Hkokyh o uSuhrky vkyw ykSt mRrjdk'kh udnw.k

MhMhgkV o

pEikor

uSikyh feBkbZ [ksapqvk Nk;kys[k] XckZ;kax] eykjh

o feye

tEcw ;k ftEcw

nU;k] vYeksM+k o

pEikor

fla?ky] ehBk jhBk equL;kjh] gf"kZy] mxZe o

pdjkrk

jktek

nsgjknwu] riksou &

_f"kds'k

cklerh

HkkSxksfyd igpku fpg~u @ ladsr

jftLVMZ djok;k tk ldrk gS

Slide 54 Germplasm Registration

Vegetable type Soybean (Glycine max L.)

(P-1366/IC296814/INGR No. 01035)

Vegetable type Soybean (Glycine max L.) (P-

1366/IC296814/INGR No. 01035) has

determinate growth habit with thick dark green

leaves. Pod contains 2-3 seeds/pod. The seeds are

creamish yellow with black hilum and contain

20.13% oil and 40.20% protein on dry weight

basis. Grain yields - 18-22 q/ha with bold seeds.

100 seed weight is 44-46 g at Akola and 36-38 g

at Bhowali. Resistant to yellow mosaic virus and

moderately resistant to bacterial pustules, but

susceptible to pod blight

Slide 55 Wild Horse gram (Macrotyloma sar-garhwalensis Gaur &

Dangwal)

(IC212722/INGR No. 02007)

Wild Horse gram

(Macrotyloma sar-

garhwalensis Gaur &

Dangwal-IC212722/INGR No.

02007) for high percentage of

protein (>38.75)

Slide 56

Sacred and aesthetic value tree associated with

divine Sikh Guru Nanak in the Reetha Sahib,

district Champawat, Uttarakhand. Genetic stock

for geographical indications (GIs). Fruits

distributed as a PRASAD. Guru Nanak Vatika a

kind of arboretum maintained by Management

Committee of Gurudwara near by Reetha Sahib

in the confluence of Radhiya and Ladhiya river.

Deciduous medium size 10-15 m high.

Fruit fleshy, globose, 1- seeded drupe, with pale-brown or brown, translucent

and wrinkled pericarp when ripe. Fruit ripened during the month of May –

Dec. Fruit sweet in taste (TSS – 0 Brix 12 – 14). Seed black, globose, smooth,

100 seed weight-175 g. flowering and fruiting during the month of May-Dec.

Nearly 10-15 trees procured through air-layering is being maintained and

established in the Bio-diversity Botanical Garden NBPGR, R/S Bhowali.

Meetha Reetha/Sweet soap nut tree (Sapindus mukorossi

Gaertner) IC538068 (INGR-08060)

Slide 57

Scented Rose Geranium (Pelargonium

graveolens L’ Heritier-IC296494/NIC-

23414/INGR No. 03039) for quality

aroma (Geraniol-28.56% and

Citronellol 32.28%) have been

registered by the Plant Germplasm

Registration Committee, ICAR, New

Delhi.

Scented Rose Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’

Heritier-IC296494/NIC-23414/INGR No. 03039)

Slide 58

Scented Rose Geranium

(Pelargonium graveolens L.

Heritier) INGR 07042/ IC553286 /

NIC023413 / PN-1696 – Citronellol

rich-62.03%, Geraniol-4.07%, Cis-

Rose Oxide-0.918%, Trans-rose-

oxide-0.295%, Iso-menthol-17.10,

Linalool-11.565% and accepted by

the industry people for its high

contents of Citronellol compound

and lemon like or odomas like odour

has been registered by Plant

Germplasm Registration

Committee, NBPGR, New Delhi.

Scented Rose Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens

L. Heritier) INGR 07042/ IC553286 / NIC023413

Slide 59 Uttaranchali Kagazi Nimbu

(INGR 08098/IC319045/P/N/SKV-1863)

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle

collected from Bhowali, Nainital,

Uttarakhand in 1990. Registered genotype

showed the best performance with unique

feature of frost tolerant among all other

accessions. Medium fruit size, market

value, also observed that not a single fruit

skin, plant twig was found damage even

during heavy snowfall.

Upright, much branched, plant bears 200-300 fruit/tree/year; leaf length

7.20 cm; leaf width 2.62 cm; flower diameter 1.96 cm with bright lemon

yellow round fruit having fruit length 4.77 cm, fruit width 4.28 cm and

TSS 7.10 Brix, suitable for cultivation in hills up to 2000 asl.

Slide 60

For Long and Broad Pod French bean (Pole

type) used as dual purpose i.e. tender vegetable

and pulse: Pods large in size, smooth and broad.

Pod length 23-25 cm, pod width 2.2 -2.5 cm; pod

shape flat; flower colour white; seed colour

bright white, 100 seed weight 33-36 gram and

number of grains per pod 9; plant height 185-

280 cm. Pods smooth, long, broad and flat much

preferred by buyers for using them as vegetable

or in preparation of Pizza/Sambhar

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

(INGR 10026/IC280837/ JJK-200-220)

Slide 61 Lavendula stoechas L.

NJSSN – 2666/IC449512

Lavendula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae).

Collected on 7.8.2003 from Phagli,

Shimla, Himachal Pradesh by Dr. K.S.

Negi and other team members. It was

established in the field gene bank or

herbal garden of R/S Bhowali for

evaluation and characterization. It has

grayish-evergreen leaves with plump

like flower spikes.

High Camphor Content (52.12%) in

essential oil isolated from plant

inflorescence /Aerial parts

Slide 62 Soybean (Black Seeded),

Glycine max (L.) Merrill, IC548683

Soybean (Black Seeded), Glycine max

(L.) Merrill, IC548683 For small, flat

black seeded soybean primitive cultivar

having high percentage of essential

amino acids (44.21%) and linolenic acid

(2.08%)-Pulse type

Slide 63 Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)

(MMBO-3055/ IC

589079/).

INGR13018

Oregano (Origanum

vulgare L.;

Lamiaceae)

High percentage of

Carvacrol content –

63.6%

(NKO-68/

IC589087/

INGR13046).

(Origanum vulgare

L.; Lamiaceae)

High percentage of

phenolic compound

Thymol (85.87%)

and high yield of

essential oil (2.07%)

Slide 64 Lkkjka”k

izdfr gj izdkj ds ikniksa] tSls& cgqmi;ksxh@cgqvk;keh] midkjh tknw ,oe~ rkRdkfyd

mi;ksxh xq.kksa ls Hkjiwj gSa] tcfd ikni foKkuh dks vHkh ekrz vuqla/kku “kq# djuk gSaA

Fkkel tSQjlu] vesfjdkoklh ds vuqlkj ;fn dksbZ mi;ksxh LFkkuh;@ns”kh; ikni fdlh

ns”k dh laLd`fr esa vkfFkZd cnyko yk;s rks ;g ,d cgqr egku lsok dgyk;h tk ldrh

gSaA

dHkh dHkh de tkuh igpkuh@vKkr ikni@ ouLifr;kWa NksVs NksVs vtwcs ds #i esa

bLrseky cgqrk;r ls gksrh gSaA

tSls& ,M~l izfrjksf/krk ds fy;s pkbuht dqdqEcj dh tM+s] jDr “osrk.kq jksx]

Y;wdksfe;k ds fy;s jksth izhohady vkQ esMkxkLdj ds ikni dk rRo@ fupksM+]

xHkZ fujks/kd nok ds #Ik esa& eSDlhdu ;ke]

taxyh VekVj tks fd uedhu] {kkjh; ok;q] tyeXu Hkwfe o {kkjh; Hkwfe dh [ksrh ds fy;s

mi;qDr]

VSDll& dDUlj xzflr Årdksa ds fy,] ftulSaxeSDl& Vkfud ,oe~ ckthdj.k ds fy,]

lh& cdFkksZu( fgIiksQh & Hkwfe vijnu@ {kj.k jksdus gsrq ;k Hkwfe la”kks/ku ds fy;s ,oe~

fofHkUu ikSf’Vd vkgkj ds fy;s vkfnA

Slide 65 gekjs izkphu d`’kd tuunzO; fofHkUUrk ,oe~ ikjEifjd chtksa ds izkd`frd

laj{kd lkfcr gq, gSaA

fo”o ds dbZ vkfnoklh nqxZe ,oe~ fgeky;h cgqy {ksrzksa vkfn esa bUnz/kuq’k

js[kk dh rjg fofHkUu d`f’k Qlyksa dh [ksrh dh tkrh gSa] vFkkZr ftlesa fofHkUu

ikjEifjd chtksa@ fdLesa dk lekos”k gksrk gSaA

;g cht d`’kdksa ds fy;s chekd`r jkf”k ds #Ik esa mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ gSaA

blesa fdlh Hkh dhV ,oa fofHkUu jksxksa dh izof’V bl lEiw.kZ Qly dks lekIr

ugha dj ldrh] cfYd lalkj dqf’k ds fy, ,d lrr lkszr gSaA ftls thu

dq.M@ fudk; ¼thuiwy½ dgk tkrk gS dk dk;Z djrk gSaA

jk’Vªh; ikni vkuqokaf”kd lalk/ku C;wjks dk {ksrzh; dsUnz Hkokyh e/; fgeky;

dh d`f’k fojklr dks laj{k.k iznku djus ,oa d`f’k dk lrr~ fodkl cuk;s j[kus esa

fujUrj iz;kl djrk jgk gS vkSj gekjh dksf”k”k gS fd ge d`f’k txr dks mi;ksxh

thUl ;k fojkV thu miyC/k djk;s vkSj lrr~ d`f’k fodkl dks vkSj vf/kd xfr

iznku djsa rkfd lkekftd & vkfFkZd fodkl dk y{; gkfly gks ldsaA

lajf{kr cht] lqjf{kr Hkfo’;A ewy pht] ikjEifjd chtA

Slide 66

Annexure 2.3

Presentation by Mr. P.K. Agarwal

Slide 1

Crop Biodiversity of Himalayan region in changing climate, conventional crops and HYVs

P. K. AgrawalVivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR),

Almora-263601-UttarakhandWebsite: http//vpkas.nic.in

Slide 2 Climate is changing & become more unpredictable

- Raupach et al., 2009

Global temp. would rise between 0.9 to 3.5 ºC by 2100

- IPCC, 2001

Slide 3

High humidity – fungal epidemics in rice

Increased UV B radiation - more susceptibility

to blast (Olszyk & Ingram, 1993)

Increased winter temp. – increase in blast and

sheath rot incidence

(Haq et al., 2008)

Slide 4 Climate change and blast

1965 to 2003 and 2003-08

Correlated as per

favourable parameters

w.r.to temperature (15-20 ºC)

In a cropping season of 150 days (June-Oct.)

Previously, 80.2 days and now 82.8 days are found favourable

i.e., crop will be susceptible for another 2.5 days

w.r.to Days with >90% RH

Previously, 72.8 days and now 77.3 days

(Crop will be susceptible for another 4.5 days)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

June July Aug Sept Oct

Months

No

. o

f d

ays f

av. fo

r b

last

upto 2003

after 2003

Slide 5 Impact of climate change on crop production

Negative

• Expected reduction in land suitable for growing many type of crops in different parts of the world

Positive

• Possible extension of growing season in hills

• Earlier sowing dates, more crop species may become suitable

• Nitrogen fixation in legumes may increase

• Rice production – to increase

Variable

• Might reduce the incidence of diseases related to moist condition

• Might enhance quick development of pathogen variant

Slide 6

Biodiversity

Crops biodiversity

Plant Genetic Resources

Plant Genetic Resources

Landraces

Genetic Stock

Elite cultivars

Farmers varieties

Wild and Weedy relatives

Primitive cultivars

Released Varieties

Biodiversity vis-à-vis Plant Genetic Resources

Slide 7 Crop Diversity- a fundamental need

Eradicate poverty by increasing food supply

Provide basic material to develop new types and varieties

Gives species the ability to adapt to changing environment

Critical component for food, nutrition, environmental and household security

Slide 8

Narrowing down of food basket

3 species supply almost 60% of the calories and protein that human derive from plants

– maize, rice and wheat

5000 plants are used as human food

10,000 –50,000 plants are edible

250 000 –30 0000 species of plant exist

Crop biodiversity is under threat

Dams responsible for habitat destruction

Slide 9

Primitive forms, wild species, land races, traditional varieties

Genes used to breed new varieties

New varieties replace original types

Genetic diversity available in the field for breeding reduced

Replacement of local cultivar with high yielding varieties

Slide 10 Impact of Narrow Genetic Base

1845 and 1846 Late blight disease of potato• 50% loss in Ireland potato• Result = Irish potato famine

1869 Coffee rust• Wiped out coffee plantation in Ceylon• Shifted to tea plantation

1942 Brown spot in Rice• 60% yield loss• Result Bengal famine

1970 Leaf Blight in Maize• 50% yield loss in US corn field

Slide 11

Collecting crop germplasm

Preserving crop germplasm

Evaluating crop germplasm

Documenting crop germplasm

Sharing crop germplasm

Management of Crop biodiversity at VPKAS, Almora

Slide 12 Status of Crop Genetic Resources in Medium

Term Storage Module

Crop Name No. of

Accessions

Crop Germplasm

Rice 2042 Black gram 89

Wheat 3651 Horse gram 79

Finger millet 1679 Field pea 247

Barnyard millet 310 Amaranth 50

Soybean 819 Buckwheat 60

Mustard/Toria 154 Pigeon pea 20

French bean 117 Ground nut 7

Maize 953 Vegetable pea 200

Lentil 611 Other Vegetables 227

Chickpea 508

Total 11,823

Slide 13 Potential Genetic Resources from Uttarakhand Kagazi Madira

Variety

B 29

(PGS)

VL

172

(C1)

PRJ 1

(C2)

Time in

minutes

10 10 10

% de-

hulling

after 10

minutes

70% 50% 29

Comparative evaluation of dehulling

PGS: Proposed Genetic stock; C1: Variety known for good de-hulling property, C2:Variety known for hard de-hulling property.

An easy de-hulling barnyard millet Kagazi Madira B 29

Slide 14

Grains of NapHal Wheat

Monsanto patented a wheat line exhibiting special baking quality (low gluten and low elasticity) derived from Indian land race NapHal

Landrace NapHal still being cultivated in Uttarakhand

The two land races may be similar and NapHal wheat has its origin and evolution in Darma valley of Pithoragarh Uttarakhand

Potential Genetic Resources from Uttarakhand: NapHal Wheat

Slide 15 VL Bhat 65

Adaptation

Uttarakhand Hills, Organic conditions (SVRC)

Grain: Black

Plant height : 66-82 cm;

Maturity: 120-125 days;

Resistant to leaf blight,

pod blight and anthracnose

Yield: 14-16 q/ha

Slide 16 Indigenous Crop Genetic Resources Evaluated and

Documented

Slide 17 Varieties Released/ Notified: 35

Rice 1 VL Dhan 87*

Wheat 2 VL Gehun 892, VL Gehun 907

Barley 1 VL Barley 85

Maize 8

Vivek Maize Hybrid 25, Vivek Maize Hybrid 27,

Vivek Maize Hybrid 33, Vivek Maize Hybrid 39,

Vivek Maize Hybrid 43, Vivek Sankul Makka 31,

Vivek Sankul Makka 35, Vivek Sankul Makka 37

Biotechnology 1 Vivek QPM 9

Barnyard Millet 1 VL Madira 207

Horsegram 2 VL Gahat 15, VL Gahat 19

Field pea 1 VL Matar 47

Pigeonpea 1 VL Arhar 1

Soybean 3 VL Soya 59, VL Soya 63, VL Bhat 65

Lentil 1 VL Masoor 129, VL Masoor 133, VL Masoor 514

Slide 18 Varieties Released/ Notified: 35

Groundnut 1 VL Moongfali 1

Rajma 1 VL Rajma 125

Toria 1 VL Toria 3

Garden pea 2 Vivek Matar 10, Vikek Matar 11

French bean 1 VL Bean 2

Tomato 3 VL Tamatar 4, VL Tamatar 5*,

VL Tamatar Hybrid 1*

Capsicum 3VL Shimla Mirch 2, VL Shimla Mirch 3*,

VL Shimla Mirch Hybrid 1

Garlic 1 VL Lahsun 2*

* : Released by SVRC, Uttarakhand, under notification

Slide 19 Varieties Identified/ Under Release: 22

Rice 4 VL Dhan 88, VL 31389, VL Dhan 155, VL 7620

Barley 1 VL Barley 94

Maize 1 Vivek Maize Hybrid 45

Maize Biotechnology 2 Vivek QPM 21, FQH 55 (QPM)

Finger Millet 1 VL Madua 347

Pulses & Oilseed 9

Lentil: VL Masoor 516, VL Masoor 515, VL Masoor 131,

Fieldpea: VL Matar 45, VL Matar 46,

Groundnut: VLGN 9, VLGN 13

Soybean: VLS 73

Toria: VLT 8

Vegetables 4Garden Pea: VP 434

French bean: VLFB 415

Capsicum: VL Shimla Mirch Hyb 1, VL Simla Mirch 3

Slide 20 VL Dhan 87 (VL 30424, irrigated Early)

Yield: 50-52 q/ha

Grain: Long-slender, Straw Colour

Plant height: 77-90 cm

Maturity: 120-122 days

Resistant to Leaf blast, Neck blast, Brown leaf spot, sheath rot, false smut, leaf scald, stem borer and

leaf folder

Adaptation: Uttarakhand Hills, organic conditions

Slide 21 VL Gehun 907

Yield: 28.0 q/ha (rainfed) and,

44.3 q/ha (irrigated timely sown)

Adaptation

Rainfed and irrigated timely sown

conditions of hills of H.P., J.&K.,

Uttarakhand, Manipur and West Bengal.

Nutritionally rich

Iron [43.5 & 45.2 ppm] (19.5 & 39.5%),

zinc [35.4 & 36.3 ppm] (19.2 & 21.0

%), copper [5.29 & 5.12 ppm](37.4 &

35.8 %), Manganese [42.5 & 41.8

ppm] (13.6 & 9.1%) over VL Gehun

804 under rainfed and irrigated

conditions, respectively

Resistant to Yellow rust

Slide 22 Vivek QPM 9

Adaptation: Zone I & IV

Grain: Yellow Flint


Plant height : 177cm

Yield: 63.60 Q/ha (inorganic)

42.75 Q/ha (organic)

Slide 23

Grain: Yellow flint flat

Plant height : 200-210 cm


Ear Shape: Conico-cylindrical

1000-Gr Wt: 280 g

Vivek Sankul Makka 31

Adaptation: Uttarakhand Hills

Yield: 40-45 q/ha

Slide 24 Vivek Sankul Makka 35

Grain: Yellow Flint



Adaptation: Zone I (UK, HP, J&K, NEH Region)

Yield: 50-55 q/ha

Slide 25 Vivek Sankul Makka 37

Grain: Yellow Flint



Adaptation: Zone IV (AP, Maharastra, TN, Karnataka)

Yield: 47-49 q/ha

Slide 26

Grain: Yellow Dent flat

Plant height : 195-200cm


Ear Shape: Long- cylindrical

1000-Gr Wt: 265 g

Resistance: TLB

Vivek Maize Hybrid 39

Yield: 71 q/ha

Adaptation: Zone I (Hills of UK, HP & J&K)

Slide 27

Grain: Yellow Dent flat

Plant height : 210- 215cm


Ear Shape: Long- cylindrical

1000-Gr Wt: 265 g

Resistance: TLB

Vivek Maize Hybrid 43

Yield: 48- 58 q/ha

Adaptation: Zone III & V

Slide 28 VL Madira 207

Grain: Grey



Harvest Index: 25%

Tolerant to grain smut

Grain Yield: 16-18 q/ha, Fodder: 45-60 q/ha

Adaptation: All states except Andhra Pradesh and

Tamil nadu

Slide 29 VL Masoor 129 (Lentil Small)

(S.O.211(E) dt.29.01.2010)

Yield: 10-12 q/ha

Adaptation:

Uttarakhand Mid Hills (SVRC)

Grain: Small, Brown



Tolerant to wilt, root rot

Slide 30 VL Masoor 133 (Lentil Small)

(S.O.2326 (E) dt.10.10.2011)

Yield: 12-16 q/ha

Adaptation: Uttarakhand Hills (SVRC)

Grain: Small, Brown



Tolerant to wilt, root rot

Slide 31 VL Masoor 514 (Bold Seeded)

(S.O.2326 (E) dt.10.10.2011)

Yield: 11-13 q/ha

Adaptation: Uttarakhand (SVRC)

Grain: Bold, Brown



Tolerant to wilt and rust

Slide 32 VL Gahat 15

(S.O.454 (E) dt.11.02.2009)Adaptation:

Northern & Central India (CVRC)

Grain: Creamish Yellow



Multiple Disease Res.

to Anthracnose,

Stem Rot, Yellow mosaic,

root rot and leaf spot

Yield:12-15 q/ha ; Protein: 26.96%

Slide 33 VL Gahat 19

(S.O.211(E) dt.29.01.2010)Adaptation:

Northern India (CVRC)

Grain: Brown

Protein:26.6%

Degistability:83.4%



Res. to Anthracnose and

Stem Rot

Yield: 10-12 q/ha

Slide 34 VL Matar 47

(S.O.2326 (E) dt.10.10.2011)Adaptation:

Uttarakhand (SVRC)

Grain: Light Yellow



Resistant to Rust,

Wilt and Powdery Mildew

Yield: 14-16 q/ha

Slide 35 VL Bhat 65

(S.O.171(E) dt.29.01.2010)

Adaptation:

Uttarakhand Hills, Organic conditions (SVRC)

Grain: Black





Yield: 14-16 q/ha

Slide 36 VL Moongfali 1

(S.O.171(E) dt.29.01.2010)

Adaptation: Uttarakhand Hills, Organic conditions (SVRC)

Grain: Medium size, rose tan colour;

Protein: 29.5%

Oil content: 42.2%



Resistant to tikka

Yield: 16-20 q/ha

Slide 37 VL Arhar 1

Area of adaptation:

Hills of Uttarakhand

Grain: - Light Tan

Plant height: - 150 cm

Maturity: - 120-125 days

Resistant to

wilt and Alternaria leaf blight

And rot

Yield: 18-20 q/ha

Slide 38 VL Rajma 125

Area of adaptation:

Hills of Uttarakhand

Characters Type - Pulse

Grain – White seed

Very Fast Cook

Plant height - 40-45 cm

Maturity - 70-75 days

Tolerant to root rot

Yield: 10-12 q/ha

Slide 39 VL Toria 3

Adaptation:

Uttarakhand Hills, Organic

conditions

Grain: Brown





Yield: 8-11 q/ha

Slide 40 Vivek Matar 10

• Released for NWH and UP Plain by CVRC

• Maturity: 120-130 (Mid hills)

• Plant height : 50-60 cm

• Possesses early maturity, attractive green slightly curved longer pods

• Mod. Resistant to powderymildew and resistance towhite rot.

Green Pod yield: 90-100 q/ha

Slide 41

• Identified by CVRC / SVRC for

NWH

• Medium:135-140days (Hills)

• Pod: Long, dark green with curved

• Grain: Bold and sweet

• Resistant to powdery mildew

Green Pod yield: 100-110 q/ha

Vivek Matar 11 (VP 233)

Slide 42 VL Tamatar 4

• Uttarakhand Hills, Identified

SVRC, Organic conditions

• Fruit size: Big Firm Pulpy

• Fruit colour: attractive red

• Fruits/plant:10-35

• Plant height: 80-105 cm

• Maturity: 60-70 days (1st

pick)

Yield: 200-300 q/ha (Organic: 175 q/ha, Inorganic: 317 q/ha &Poly-house: 613 q/ha)

Slide 43 VL Lahsun 2

(Long day garlic for Zone I)

It has been identified for Zone I(UK, HP & J&K).

VGP 5 out yielded (181.93,184.35, and 190.60 q/ha) thenational checks G 282, VL Garlic1 and G 41 by 70.98, 48.87 and44.74 per cent, respectively.

Average bulb Yield: 175- 250 q/ha

Slide 44 Germplasm and biodiversity is an evolutionary

process

Losses due to human interference is a concern.

Efforts are made to conserve them

New HYVs are essential requirements to save

human population and genetic diversity.

Local varieties wherever competitive should be

utilized/ used

Traditional agriculture must be respected, involved

and evolved

Take Home Message

Slide 45

Annexure – 2.4

Presentation by Mr. P.S. Mehta

Slide 1

Organic Cultivation of Millets in

Uttarakhand

NBPGR Regional Station Bhowali,

Nainital – 263 132

Uttarakhand

P. S. Mehta

Slide 2

Organic Farming

Organic farming as a production system, which

avoids or largely excludes the use of Synthetic inorganic

fertilizers. Pesticides, growth regulators & livestock feed

additives. Organic farming system largely depends on

crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, green

manures, off-farm organic wastes, mechanical cultivation,

mineral bearing rocks & aspects of biological pest control

to maintain soil productivity & health to supply plant

nutrients &to control insects, pathogens & weeds.

Slide 3 Millets grown in Uttarakhand

Finger millet (Madua): Eleusine Coracana.

Barnyard millet (Jhangora/ Sawa/ Madira): Echinochloa Frumantacea

Proso millet (Cheena): Panicum Miliaceum.

Foxtail millet (Kauni/ kakun): Setaria Italica.

Slide 4 Finger Millet (Madua)

It has a good ecological adjustability with other crops & therefore grown as

a mixed With leguminous crops which soyabean (bhat), horsegram (gahat),

frenchbean, pigeon pea & other millets.

Barnyard Millet (Jhangora/ Madira)

It is a dual purpose crop used as a cooked rice commonly known as bhat &

straw is a quality fodder for animals.

Proso millet (Cheena)

It is grown as a catch crop between wheat & rice in valley areas while in

mid & high hills it is taken as kharif crop. It is used in various ways such as

cooked grains, flour for chapattis, parched grains, etc.

Foxtail millet (Kauni/ kakun)

It is generally grown as a mixed crop with pulses/oilseeds & other millets.

This straw is thin & stemmed & very much liked by animals.

Slide 5 Cropping Practices

Small millets are sown as broadcast both as sole as well as mixed

crop with leguminous & oilseeds for getting higher yields under

rainfed conditions plant spacing is pre-requisite.

Spacing: Row to row- 20-25cm Plant to plant- 10cm

Sowing time

Attitudinal

gradients

Finger millet (Madua) Barnyard millet

(Jhangora)

High Hills Mid. April to 1st week of

May

Mid. March to mid.

April

Middle Hills 2nd fortnight of May Mid. April to 1st

week of May

Low Hills 1st fortnight of June Last week of May

Slide 6

Seed Rate

Line Sowing: 8-10kg/ha.

Broadcast Method: 10-12kg/ha.

Transplanting: 4-5kg/ha.

Fertilizer Management

Finger millet (Madua): FYM-7.5t/ha (1.5Q/N)

Barnyard millet (Jhangora): FYM-7.5t/ha (1.5Q/N)

Weed Management

Hoeing & Weeding- Two times(45 & 75days after sowing)

Slide 7 Suitable Varieties

Finger Millet (Madua)

High Yielding

Varieties (HYVs)

Traditional local varieties/ Cultivars

VL149, VL315,

VL324

Putkia, Nangchunia, Garhwali,

Lumaria, Adagdali, Ageti, Bagadi,

Bhati, Bhuria, Chhahmasi,

Chhiptalbhati, Dhuni, Dotiyali,

Golmanua, Gunari, Jhakrua,

Kalamanua, Kataki, Kavnoi, Kodi,

Kodya, Lalmanua, Maneri, Parvati,

Pachheti, Pyoli, Surai, Timasia

Slide 8 Barnyard Millet (Jhangora)

High Yielding Varieties(HYVs) Traditional local varieties/

Cultivars

VL Madira-172, VL-150, VL-163 Bada, Chhahmasia, Chhotia,

Ganaru, Manaru, Jhakarua

Inter cropping & crop sequencing

1. Madua+ Bhat- Oat/Wheat

2. Madua+ Bhat- Oat-rice-wheat

3. Madua- Fallow- rice/barnyard millet-wheat

4. Madua- lentil

5. Madua-wheat-barnyard millet-wheat

6. Madua-fallow-chillies-wheat

Slide 9 Mixed Cropping in millets

Madua- Rains (cowpea)+ Gahat (Horsegram) Bhat + Urad + Amaranth

Gurush (Rice bean)

Jhangora- Kauni+ Til

Diseases of Madua Blast- a) Leaf Blast

b) Neck Blast

c) Finger Blast

Cercospora leaf blight

Green ear

Diseases of Jhangora Helminthosporium leaf blight

Head smut

Grain smut

Diseases of Kauni Rust

Leaf Blast

Yield: 12-15 Q/ha.

Slide 10

Nutrient Madua Jhangora/

Madira

Kauni/

kakun

Cheena Rice Wheat

Protein (g/100g) 7.3 6.2 12.3 12.5 6.8 11.8

Fat (g/100g) 1.3 5.8 4.3 1.1 0.5 1.5

Energy (K.cal) 328 309 331 341 345 346

Fibre (g/100g) 3.6 9.8 8.0 2.2 0.2 1.2

Minerals

(g/100g)

2.7 4.7 3.3 1.9 0.7 1.5

Calcium

(mg/100g)

344 14 31 14 10 41

Iron (mg/100g)

Proteins

3.9 5.0 2.8 0.8 0.7 5.3

Nutrient composition of millets & cereals

(per 100 g)

Slide 11

Chemical composition (%) of madua & paddy straw

Crop Albuminoi

des

Fat Carbohydr

ate

Crude

fibre

Ash Water

Paddy 1.20 1.80 47.00 25.70 15.80 8.50

Madua 1.90 0.48 49.10 28.90 5.24 14.60

Slide 12 General Constraints

Small & fragmented holdings.

Moisture stress.

Improper terrace management..

Lack of seed material

Slow transfer of technology.

Technology gaps Lack of improved varieties.

Non-availability of seeds.

Poor quality of FYM.

Noxious weeds.

Severe infestation of insect pest & diseases.

Low photo periodic conditions

Slide 13 Recipes of Millets

Finger millet (Madua)

1) Laddu

2) Poha

3) Bati

4) Biscuits

5) Bari

6) Roti

Barnyard millet (Jhangora/Madira)

1) Bhat 8) Biscuits

2) Roti 9) Sweet

3) Laddu 10) Kheer

4) Poha 11) Mehti

5) Bati 12) Pulao

6) Idli 13) Dhokla

7) Upama

Slide 14 Recipes of Millets

Foxtail millet (Kauni/ Kakun)

1) Dhokla

2) Upama

3) Laddu

4) Biscuits

5) Sweet

6) Roti

7) Bhat

Slide 15

A view of irrigated rice cultivation in

Bhagirathi valley, Uttarkashi

A view of traditional rice cultivar-Jhallua Panicles of hail storm tolerant rice

cultivar Jhallua

Traditional method of rice threshing

Slide 16

Slide 17 Cultivated Plant Species Grown

in Uttarakhand Himalaya

Crop group Crops No. of crops

Cereals and pseudo cereals

Barley, Maize, Rice, Wheat, Amaranth (Chaulai), Amaranth (Kedari chuwa), Buckwheat andChenopodium

08

Millets and minor millets

Barnyard millet, Finger millet, Foxtail millet, Proso millet, Kodo and Sorghum

06

Pulses Pigeon pea, Chickpea, Soybean, Khesari, Lentil, Horse gram, French bean, Scarlet bean, Lima bean, Pea (field & garden), Adzuki bean, Green gram, Blackgram, Rice bean and Cowpea

15

Oilseeds Brassia juncea var. yellow sarson, B. juncea var. brown sarson, B. campestris var. toria, Sunflower, Linseed, Perilla, Sesame, Indian butter tree, Litsea, Principea and Lepidium

11

Cont.

Slide 18 Cultivated Plant Species Grown in

Uttarakhand Himalaya

Crop group Crops No. of crops

Vegetables Okra, Elephant foot yam, Jack fruit, Waxgourd,

Spinach, Cabbage, Elephant ear yam, Cucumber,

Pumpkin, Meetha karela, White yam, Tarur, Lablab

bean, Bottle gourd, Ridge gourd, Sponge gourd,

Snake gourd, Bitter gourd, Tomato, Radish, Chow-

chow, Brinjal, Potato, Broad bean, Lai, Turnip,

Carrot and Bell pepper

28

Spices and

condiments

Wild Allium spp., Onion, Garlic, Cleome, Dalchini,

Coriander, Turmeric, Fenugreek, Ginger, Hemp

10

Fruits Papaya, Orange, Lemon, Masumba, Kaku, Loquat,

Walnut, Chestnut, Mango, Apple, Pear, Peach,

Apricot, Mulberry, Banana, Guava, Pomegranate,

Grape and Ber

19

Total 97

Slide 19 Wild Edible Plant Species

Used as Plant species No. of plant

species

Wild edible

fruits

Bail (Aegle marmelos), Chura (Aesandra

butyracea), Malu (Bauhinia vahlii), Bamaur

(Benthamidia capitata), Chutar (Berberis

aristata), Kilmora (B. asiatica), Daya

(Callicarpa macrophylla), Karaunj (Carissa

opaca), Metha pangar (Castenea sativa),

Kharik (Celtis australis), Jamir (Citrus

medica), Bhotia badam / Kabasi (Cornus

cornuta), Tushar / Tushiyari (Debrigeasia

longifolia), Taidua / Taidu (Diospyros

melanoxylon), Giwai (Elaeagnus angustifolia),

Anjir (Ficus carica), Dudila (F. cunia), Gular

(F. glomerata), Bedu (F. palmata), Khiriya (F.

semicordata), Kaphai/Bhekaphal (Fragaria

indica)

67

Cont.



species

Wild edible

fruits

Titmar (Garuga pinnata), Bhimal (Grewia

optiva), Turuchuk (Hippophae tibetana), Gophal

(Holboellia latifolia), Akhrot (Juglans regia),

Kurmali (Leea aspera), Mahua (Madhuca

indica), Kimu (Morus serrata), Kaphal (Myrica

esculenta), Thankal (Phoenix humilis), Aonla

(Phyllanthus emblica), Chir (Pinus roxburghii),

Paya (Prunus cerasoides), Jamun (Prunus

cornuta), Bamhalu (Prunus napaulensis), Darim

(Punica granatum), Ghingaru (Pyracantha

crenulata), Mole (Pyrus lanata), Mehal (Pyrus

pashia), Buransh (Rhododendron arboreum),

Sirkuti (Ribes alpestre), Imali (Ribes sp.),

Phelalo (Rosa macrophylla), Sepala (R. sericea)

Cont.



species

Wild edible

fruits

Kala hisalu (Rubus niveus), Hisalu (Rubus

ellipticus), Kusum (Schliechera oleosa), Makoi

/ Makhou (Solanum nigrum), Mat kakari

(Solena amplexicaulis), Nepalo/Nepala (Sorbus

cuspidata), Aam/Aami (Spondias pinnata),

Bani/Ban (Taxillus vestita), Mijhau (Tulipa

stellata), Ghatmila (Viburnum cotinifolium),

Titmalewa (Viburnum mullah), Purain (Vitis

lanata), Beri (Ziziphus mauritiana)

Cont.


Used as Plant species No. of plant species

Wild edible

vegetables

Rambans (Agave americana), Hanw (Angelica

glauca), Bankh (Arisaema speciosum), Kairua

(Asparagus filicinus), Kyol/Kwairal (Bauhinia

variegata), Kilmora (Berberis asiatica), Semal

(Ceiba pentendra), Ganziadi (Chaerophyllum

villosum), Bathua (Chenopodium album),

Gadpapar (Colocasia esculenta), Genthi

(Dioscora bulbifera), Tarur (Dioscorea glabra),

Lingura (Diplazium esculentum), Jhangar

(Fagophyrum cymosum), Timila/Timul (Ficus

auriculata), Bedu (Ficus palmata), Sakina

(Indigofera pulchella), Halang (Lepidium

sativum), Mushroom/Bhangbho (Morchella

esculenta)

27

Cont.



species

Wild edible

vegetables Sonjal (Moringa oleifera), Machhai/Padya

(Nasturtium officinale), Jarag (Phytolacca

acinosa), Quathode (Polystichium

acullalum), Birau/Bilikand (Puerarea

tuberosa), Burash (Rhododendron

arboreum), Rugi (Typhonium

diversifolium), Bichchhu ghas (Urtica

ardens)

Slide 24 Traditional Foods of Local Inhabitants

of Uttarakhand Himalaya

Diversity of food is a defining feature of Indian geography and

culture. Indian food items vary from region to region, even some times it

varies with in the region. Rice, roti, dal and vegetables are taken as meal

during lunch, dinner and breakfast. Some special mouth watering dishes of

Uttarakhand, their ingredients and preparation methods are documented

(Annonymous 2008), described in less number, but descriptions are small

and limited. The food habit and preparation of various dishes depend upon

the availability of crops and surrounding vegetation. Crops grown in the

region and surrounding plant species are the sources of raw material for

preparation of food recipes. It has been observed that there are a large

number of crops grown by the farming communities of Uttarakhand

Himalaya. Similarly there are also a large array of wild edible plant species

naturally grow in the region. The large number of crops and wild edible

plant species are the contributing factors to a large number of traditional

food recepies for subsistence needs for local inhabitants. Traditional foods of

Uttarakhand can be devided under various heads as mentioned here below.

Slide 25 Traditional Staple Foods

of Uttarakhand

Local name of recipe : Major ingredients

Chaulai ka bhat : Amaranth

Kutu ki roti : Buckwheat

Madua/Jhangora ka bhat : Barnyard millet

Madira/Jhangora ki roti : Barnyard millet flour

Madua ki roti : Finger millet flour

Lesuwa roti : Finger millet and wheat flour

Kauni ka bhat : Dehusked Foxtail millet

Kauni ki roti : Dehusked Foxtail millet

Ginjada (Madira) : Dehusked Barnyard millet and black soybean (bhat)

Ginjada (Kauni) : Dehusked Foxtail millet and black soybean (bhat)

Cont.

Slide 26 Traditional Staple Foods of

Uttarakhand


Tilkuta : Rice, blackgram, sesame, salt, spices and ghee

Meetha bhat : Rice and jagri

Golthia : Wheat, ghee, jagri

Chhachhiya : Rice, salt and spices

Chhola roti : Wheat flour, jagri and ghee

Chhoi / Chhabua : Wheat flour, jagri and ghee

Mash ki bedu roti : Wheat flour, black gram, salt and spices

Gahat ki bedu roti : Wheat flour, horse gram, salt and spices

Lobia ki bedu roti : Wheat flour, cowpea, salt and spices

Gurush ki bedu roti : Wheat flour, rice bean, salt and spices

Joula/ Bhatia : Rice, black soybean (bhat), salt and spices

Slide 27 Traditional Diversified

Recipes Prepared From Pulses in Uttarakhand


Bhat ke dubake : Black seeded soybean, veg. oil, salt and spices

Gahat ke dubake : Horsegram, veg. oil, salt and spices

Urad ka chaisa : Blackgram, ghee, salt and spices

Lobia ka chaisa : Cowpea, veg. oil, salt and spices

Chutkani : Black seeded soybean, veg. oil, salt and spices

Gahat ki dal : Horse gram, veg. oil, heeng, salt and spices

Slide 28 Traditional Sweet Dishes

Recipes : Major ingredients

Chaulai ki kheer : Amaranth seeds, ghee, sugar and milk

Chaulai ka halwa : Amaranth seeds, ghee, sugar and coconut

Ogal/phaphar ka halwa : Buckwheat, ghee and sugar

Madira/Jhangora ki kheer

: Barnyard millet (dehusked seeds), sugar, ghee and milk

Kauni ki kheer : Foxtail millet (dehusked seed), sugar, ghee and milk

Madua ki badi : Finger millet flour, ghee and jagri

Madira/Jhangora ka halwa

: Barnyard millet (dehusked seed), ghee, sugar etc.

Chamchuda : Rice, ghee and jagri

Puwe : Wheat flour, jagri or sugar and veg. oil

Gehun ki khumani : Wheat, ghee, sugar and milk

Cont.

Slide 29 Traditional Sweet Dishes


Makka ki khumani : Maize, ghee, sugar and milk

Makki ka chhabua : Green maize seeds, sugar, ghee

Singal : Rice, udal roots, sugar and ghee

Til ka pin : Sesame seeds and jagri

Arsa : Rice, sugar and ghee

Leta/Lapsi : Wheat flour, milk, sugar and ghee

Methi ke laddu : Fenugreek seeds, besan, sugar and ghee

Kanaka : Wheat, milk, sugar and ghee

Kadu ka halwa : Matured pumpkin, ghee, sugar, cheese

and cashew nuts

Slide 30 Traditional Vegetables From Wild

Edible Plant Resources


Bichhu ka saag : Twigs and soft leaves of Urtica spp., veg. oil, salt, spices and heeng

Lingura ki sabzi : Lingura fern folded leaves, veg. oil, salt and spices

Kothiyur ki sabzi : Kathiyur fern folded tender leaves, veg. oil, salt and spices

Bedu ki sabzi : Wild figs tender fruits, veg. oil, salt and spices

Timila ki sabzi : Ficus auriculata tender fruits, veg. oil, salt and spices

Gwaral ki sabzi : Tender flower bud of Bauhimia sp., veg. oil, salt and spices

Jhankara ka saag : Wild buckwheat tender twigs and leaves, veg. oil, coriander seeds, salt and red chilli capsules

Semal ki sabzi : Semal tender fruits, veg. oil, salt and spicesCont.


Edible Plant Resources Recipes : Major ingredients

Pania ka saag : Paniaghas, veg. oil, salt, coriander seeds and red chilli capsules

Rambans ki sabzi : Rambans tender shoot, veg. oil, salt and spices

Jarag ka saag : Jarag twigs (Phytolacca sp.), veg. oil, salt, coriander seeds and chilli capsules

Gadpapar ka saag : Ganpapar’s folded leaves, coriander or fenugreek seeds, veg. oil, salt and spices

Birali kand ki sabzi : Birali kand yams, veg. oil, salt and spices

Genthi ki sabzi : Genthi yams (roots), veg. oil, salt and spices

Tarur ki sabzi : Tarun aerial root yams and aerial bulbs, veg. oil, salt and spices

Sakina ke phoolon ka ssag

: Sakina tender flower buds, veg. oil, salt and spices

Kairua ka saag : Tender shoots of kairuwa (Asparagus spp.), veg. oil, salt and spices

Cont.


Edible Plant Resources


Banar ka saag : Banar pods, veg. oil, salt and spices

Ala ki subzi : Ala (Girardiana sp.) inflorescence, veg. oil, salt and spices

Bankh ki sabzi : Bankh tubers, veg. oil, salt and spices

Ganjad ki sabzi : Ganjadi roots, veg. oil, salt and spices

Bathua ki sabzi : Tender twigs of bathua, veg. oil, salt and spices

Sonjal ka saag : Sonjal’s tender twigs, veg. oil, salt and spices

Buransh ke phoolon

ki sabzi

: Tender flower buds, veg. oil, salt and spices

Rugi ki sabzi : Tubers of Rugi, veg. oil, salt and spices

Hanw ka saag : Tender stem and leaves, veg. oil, salt and spices

Ghargud ki sabzi : Ghargud, veg. oil, salt and spices

Slide 33 Traditional Vegetable Soups used as Substitute of Dal (Pulses)


Mooli ka kapa/kafuli : Radish roots, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Mooli ke patton ka kapa/kafuli

: Radish leaves, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Chaulai ka kapa/kafuli

: Twigs and leave of amaranth, veg. oil, salt and spices

Lai ka kapa/ kafuli : Tender leaves of lai (Brassica sp.), rice, veg. oil, coriander seeds, salt and spices

Palak ka kapa/ kafuli : Tender twings of spinach, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Bathua ka kapa/kafuli

: Tender bathua (Chenopodium) twigs, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Torai ka kapa/kafuli : Sponge and ridge gourd Torai fruits, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Lauki ka kapa/kafuli : Bottle gourd fruit, rice, veg. oil, salt and spices

Slide 34 Traditional Special Vegetables of Uttarakhand Himalaya


Methi ke bejon ki sabzi

: Fenugreek seeds, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Bhang aur gaderi ki sabzi

: Gaderi (Colocasia sp.), hemp seeds, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Aalu sarson ki sabzi : Potato, mustard seeds, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Ogal ka saag : Buckwheat tender twigs, vegetable oil, salt and red chilli capsules

Ganpapar, chalmora ka saag

: Wild Colocasia tender leaves, chalmora (Oxalis sp.), vegetable oil, salt and spices

Masur dal ki sabzi : Lentil, onion, mustard oil, salt and spices

Pinalu ka gunuwa : Colocasia leaves, lentil or besan, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Masur ki chilada : Lentil, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Bedu ki saani : Matured bedu fruits, salt and mustard oil

Lahsun ki sabzi : Garlic, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Aalu methi ke bejon ki sabzi

: Potato, fenugreek seeds, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Slide 35 Traditional Rayatas of

Uttarakhand


Mooli ka rayata : Radish, curd, salt, rai and spices

Gwaral ka rayata : Bauhinia tender flower buds, curd, salt, rai and spices

Kakri ka rayata : Cucumber, curd, salt, rai and spices

Timila ka rayata : Tender fruit of timila, curd, salt, rai and spices

Lauki ka rayata : Bottle gourd fruits, curd, salt, rai and spices

Slide 36 Traditional Baries of Uttarakhand Hills


Kakadi ki bari : Matured cucumber, blackgram, vegetable oil, rice, salt and spices

Mooli ki bari : Radish, blackgram, vegetable oil, rice, salt and spices

Bhuj ki bari : Wax gourd, blackgram, vegetable oil, rice, salt and spices

Pinalu ki bari : Colocasia yams, blackgram, vegetable oil, rice, salt and spices

Pinalu ke danthal ki bari

: Colocasia petiols, horsegram, rice, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Slide 37 Traditional Khware (Dehydrated

Vegetables)


Kaddu ke khware : Pumpkin fruits, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Mooli ke khware : Radish, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Phoolgobhi ke khware : Cauliflower, vegetable oil, tomato, salt and spices

Sarson ki dhusi : Sarson tender twigs and leaves, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Arabi ke khware : Colocasia rhizomes, vegetable oil, salt and spices

Arabi ke sukhe danthal : Colocasia petiols, vegetable oil, salt, coriander or fenugreek seeds

Alu ke khware : Popato, vegetable oil, onion, salt and spices

Slide 38 Traditional Pakories

(Cutlets) of Uttarakhand


Gwaral ki pakori : Tender flower buds of Bauhinia, besan(gram flour), vegetable oil, salt and spices

Jarag ki pakori : Tender leave of Phytolacca, besan(gram flour), vegetable oil, salt andspices

Kadua ki phool ki pakori : Male and female flower of pumpkin, gram flour, veg. Oil, salt and spices

Slide 39

Traditional Bade of Uttarakhand


Mash ke bade : Black gram, salt, coriander, cumin, turmeric, chillies, veg. oil

Lobia ke bade : Cowpea, salt, coriander, turmeric,chillies, veg. oil

Slide 40 Traditional Chutneys


Alsi ki chutney : Linseed, lemon/mango powder, salt and spices

Bhang ki chutney : Hemp seeds, sauce, salt and spices

Bhangeera ki chutney : Perilla seeds, sauce, salt and spices

Bhat ki chutney : Black seeded soybean (bhat), sauce, saltand spices

Til ki chutney : Sesame seeds, sauce, salt and spices

Darim ki chutney : Wild pomegranate dry seeds, salt and spices

Chalmora ke chutney : Chalmora leaves, salt and spices

Kilmora ke chutney : Berberis flower buds, salt and spices

Nimbu ke saani : Lemon, curd, jagri, hemp seeds, salt and spices

Chukh ke chutney : Sea buck thorn fruits, perilla seeds, hemp seeds, salt and spices

Slide 41 Traditional flavoured salts of Uttarakhand hills


Alsi ka namak : Linseed, salt, garlic, coriander, cumin and chillies

Bhang ka namak : Hemp seeds, salt, coriander, cumin, turmeric and chillies

Sarson ka namak : Mustard seeds, salt, coriander, cumin, turmeric and chillies

Lehsun ka namak : Garlic, salt, green chillies, coriander, turmeric and cumin

Khubani ka namak : Apricot nuts, salt, coriander, chillies, cumin and turmeric

Slide 42

Slide 43

Training imparted - PGR

awareness

Newsclipping of Training

at Jaunsar Bhawar News clipping of farmers training

programme at Khatima

News clipping of supply of

Kiwi

News clipping of supply of

Lavender

Newsclipping of farmers training

at Jaunswar, Bhawar

Slide 44

Annexure – 3

Participant List

Representation Sr Name Phone No.

Elected People’s

Representatives

1. Mr. Vijay Singh,

Kshetra Panchayat Sadaysa, Chinauna, Dist-Almora

9412909971

2. Mr. Arjun Singh Galli Bassura, PO- Goluchiina, Dist-Almora

8979313310

3. Mr. Bhadur Ram

Gram-Pradhan,Rankhilla, Dist-Almora

9761216638

4. Mr. Damodar Kandpal, Gram-Pradhan,

Pattura, PO- Baiskhet, Dist-Almora

9758135869

5. Mr. Kishan Ram, Gram-Pradhan,

Odla, PO- Govindpur, Dist-Almora

9758142602

6. Gram-Pradhan,

Dangikhola, PO- Baiskhet, Dist-Almora

9797769698

7. Mr. Girish Chandra,

Gram-Pradhan, Ramna, Dist-Almora

9719249156

8. Van Sarpanch, Chinauna

9. Mr. Kailash C. Tewari, Adhyaks Vyapaar Mandal,

Govindpur, Dist-Almora

9411546941

10. Mrs. Kamla Devi, Gram Pradhan, Galli Bassura

11. Mr. Mohan Singh, Gram-Pradhan,Pankot

12. Mr. Pratap Singh, Gram Pradhan, Ujgal

Farmer Leaders and

Traditional knowledge

holders

13. Mr. Chandan Ram,

Village Chinauna, PO- Baiskhet, Dist-Almora

9675117050

14. Mr. Gopal Singh Bisht,


9411117597

15. Mr. Mahendra Singh Bisht,


9720863506

16. Mrs. Pushpa Devi,

Van-Sarpanch, Village Galli-Basura, PO- Goluchiina,

Dist-Almora

9639373953

17. Mr. Shiv Ram,

Village Galli-Basura, PO- Goluchiina,

Dist-Almora

9536524088

18. Mr. Daya Nand Joshi,

Village Gallakot, Dist-Almora

9627334132

19. Mr. Jaidev Giri,

Siddheshwar

9627410646

20. Mr. Ramesh Singh, F S S, Chinauna 9675051388

21. Mr. Mohan Ram, FSS , Galli-Bassura 8650531890

22. Mr. Shyam Singh Bisht, Adhyaks FSS,

Galli-Bassura

23. Mr. Inder Singh,

Chinauna

9412985646

24. Mrs. Munni Joshi,

Gallakot

9675989213

25. Mr. Khushal Singh,

Chinauna

8449194096

26. Mr. Deewan Ram,

Chinauna

27. Mrs. Lalita Rana,

(Kujoli), Chinauna

9536915941

28. Mr. Nandan Singh,

Chinauna

29. Mr. Harish Singh,

Chinauna

9927369132

30. Mr. Kishan Singh,

Ex Subedar, Chinauna

9412977861

31. Mrs. Basanti Devi

32. Mrs. Bhagwati Devi

33. Mrs. Suneeta Bisht

34. Mrs. Bharti Bisht

35. Mrs. Guddi Devi

36. Mrs. Sarita Bisht

37. Mrs. Durga Devi

38. Mrs. Neema Bisht

39. Mr. Laxman Singh

40. Mrs. Munni Bisht

41. Mrs. Champa Bisht

42. Mr. Harish Ram

43. Mr. Lacham Singh

44. Mr. Arjun Singh

45. Mr. Jeewan Ram

46. Mr. Anand Ram

47. Mr. Darshan Bhandari

48. Mr. Dinesh Baura

49. Mr. Chandan Singh

50. Mr. Mahendra Lal

51. Mrs. Govindi Rana

52. Mr. Anand Kumar

53. Mr. Narendra Prasad

54. Mr. Manoj Kumar

55. Mr. Ramesh Ram

56. Mr. Govid Singh Adhikari, Village Dalmoti

Agriculture

(Government

Departments)

57. Dr. Abhay Saxena,

Chief District Agriculture Officer,

Vikas Bhawan

Almora

9412017464

58. Mr. Arvind Gupta,

Office In-charge, Agriculture Unit, Govindpur,

Daulaghat

9456139571

Forest

(Government

Departments)

59. Mr. Jasod Singh Bisht

Forest Range Officer

Kalika, Ranikhet,

Almora.

9412162995

60. Dr. Rajendra Singh

Conservator forest , Dehradun

State Biodiversity

Board

(Government

Departments)

61. Rakesh Shah

GBPIHED

(Academic and

Research Institutes)

62. Dr. Kireet Kumar 9412092189

63. Dr. D. S. Rawat

64. Dr. R. D. Rawal 9410392114

65. Mr. R. G. Singh 9997896390

66. Dr. R. C. Sundriyal

67. Dr. B. P. Kothari

68. Dr. I. D. Bhatt 9411703802

69. Dr. G. C. S. Negi 9411105170

70. Dr. Rajesh Joshi

71. Dr. Anita Pandey

72. Dr. Sarla Saasni

73. Mr. K. K. Pant

74. Dr. R. K. Singh

75. Mr. Ashok

76. Mr. Puneet Sirari

77. Mr. Lalit Giri

78. Bisht Ji

VPKAS (Academic and


79. Dr. P. K. Agrawal 05962-230208

Uttarakhand Organic

Commodity Board

(Academic and


80. Mr. Surendra Singh Koranga,

Uttarakhand Organic Commodity Board,

P.O- Majkhali,

Almora

9536382080

NBPGR, Regional

Research Centre

Niglat, Bhawali

(Academic and


81. Dr. K.S. Negi,

NBPGR, Regional Research Centre

Niglat, Bhawali,Dist- Nainital

05942 – 220001

9411166201

82. Dr. P. S. Mehta,

NBPGR, Regional Research Centre

Niglat, Bhawali, Dist- Nainital

9761210699

Pan Himalaya

Grassroots

Development

Foundation (NGO)

83. Mr. Kalyan Paul,

Executive Director, PHGDF,

Kalika, Ranikhet.

05966-221516

Email:

apaul@grassrootsindia.

com

84. Mrs. Anita Paul

CHIRAG(NGO) 85. Mr. Kuldeep

CHIRAG

Simayal, P.O. Nathuwakhan

District Nainital 263 158

Uttarakhand

05942-285738;

9412085732

Email: [email protected]

86. Mr. Diwan Singh Lodhiyal

Ajeevika

87. Mr. Kailash Bhatt

District Coordinator,

Uttarakhand Parvatiya Ajeevika Samvardhan Company

(UPASaC), District Management Unit

Talla Daniya, Dharanaula,

Almora [Uttarakhand] Pin – 263601

05962 – 230910,

230305

88. Dr. Sanjay Saxena - Almora 05962 – 230910,

230305

89. Mr. Rajesh Mathpal - Almora

Gene Campaign

(NGO)

90. Mr. Harish Singh Lodhiyal, 011-29556248

91. Ms. Mohini Bisht

92. Ms. Deepa Lodhiyal

93. Ms. Komal Rekwal

94. Ms. Geeta Mer

NABARD 95. Mr. B. S. Bisht 233123

SOS 96. Mr. Vinayak Pant

SOS Organics

Pant Gaon , Chitei, Almora

LCM 97. Mr. Jogendra Bisht

98. Mrs. Chayanika Bisht

99. Mrs. Reetu sogani

100. Mr. Ajay Rastogi

101. Mrs. Geeta Sajwan

102. Mrs. Kusumlata Joshi

103. Mr. Bhupendra Chandra Joshi

104. Mr Naveen Chandra Pandey

105. Mr. Girish Pandey

106. Mr. Bhupal Singh (Driver)

107. Mr. K. N. Dumka

108. Mr. Inder Singh

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Photographs of the Workshop

Lighting of the Inaugural Lamp Chief Guest Addressing the Participants The Guard being awarded

Chinona Protection Committee being awarded

Discussion session with the Chairman SBB Director LCM addressing the participants

Scenes from the play enacted Participants with the special invitees

Mr. Dayanand Joshi sharing his experience Participants at the workshop Dr. Kireet Kumar addressing the participants

This project is funded by the European Union through its EuropeAid programme on Agriculture

Research for Development, and this document has been produced with the financial assistance of the

European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Lok Chetna Manch and

can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. The project

is part-funded by UK aid from the UK Government, however the views expressed do not necessary

reflect the views of the UK government.

Documents

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