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Project dictionary

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Contents

1. German

2. Slovakian

3. Dutch

4. Spanish/Catalan

5. Italian/Napolitan

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1. German for beginners

Standard German

The equivalent of Queen's English is Hochdeutsch, lit. 'High German', which is

regarded as "proper" spoken German. On the other hand, there are different varieties of standard German. The main distinction is between Austrian, German

and Swiss German. For example Januar, january, is Jänner in Austrian German. Local dialects are numerous and widely spread. A speaker of Plattdeutsch from

the North of Germany would struggle to hold a conversation with a speaker of Bavarian from the South of Germany, who would on his part have less problems understanding someone speaking in an Austrian dialect.

As the result of German migration, a number of German dialects are spoken in North- and South-America, e.g. Pennsylvania Dutch, which isn't Dutch at all but

a German dialect that indicates how German was spoken in the 18th century, when their ancestors left Germany.

What's the German alphabet like?

The German alphabet has 26 letters plus 3 umlauts. You may well have to spell

out your name and perhaps your address in German. Here is the alphabet and how to pronounce it.

Die Zahlen - Numbers from 1 to 10 in German

The numbers from one to ten are especially important because they are used to form higher numbers. For a better understanding of how to pronounce German numbers, check standard consonant and vowel pronunciation in German.

eins – one [eyns]

zwei – two [tsvy]

drei – three [dryh]

vier – four [fear]

fünf – five [fuihmf]

sechs – six [zax]

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sieben – seven [zeebn]

acht – eight [ahkht]

neun – nine [noin]

zehn – ten [tsahn]

German essential phrases

Guten Tag Hello Ich heiße My name is

Angenehm Pleased to meet you

Ja Yes

Nein No Bitte Please

Danke Thank you

Wie geht’s ? How are you?

Sprechen Sie Englisch? Do you speak English?

Wie bitte? Pardon? Viel Spaß Have fun

Auf Wiedersehen Goodbye

Read more at: How to Count in German: Learn German Numbers from 1 to 100 | Suite101.com http://simone-

preuss.suite101.com/how-to-count-in-german-a80907#ixzz1uHVOEG3t

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2. Slovak for beginners

Welcome to a free introduction to the Slovak language. Slovak is one of the Slavic languages, which includes Czech, Polish and Russian. It is, of course, the

language of Slovakia, but is more or less understood by the Czech people as the two are quite similar.

Slovak essential phrases

Áno. Yes. Nie. No.

Vitajte! Welcome! Teší ma. Pleased to meet you. Dobrý deň. Hello.

Do videnia. Goodbye. Ďakujem. Thank you.

Volám sa... My name is... Hovoríte po anglicky? Do you speak English? Prepáčte, nehovorím po slovensky. I´m sorry, I don´t speak Slovak.

Potrebujem pomoc, prosím. I need help, please. Kde sú toalety? Where is the toilet, please? Ako sa máš? How are you? (informal)

Mám sa dobre. I´m fine. Prosím. Please.

Mám rád čaj. I like tea. Samozrejme. Of course. Na zdravie. Cheers/ bless you (lit. to health)

Možno. Maybe. Dobre. Well.

Dobrú chuť. „enjoy your meal“ Auto. Car. Vlak. Train.

Numbers:

0 nula

1 jeden (yeden)

2 dva

3 tri (tree)

4 štyri (shteeree)

5 päť (pe-ty-)

6 šesť

7 sedem (sedyem)

8 osem

9 deväť (dyeve-ty)

10 desať (dyesa-ty)

Click „Play“ to listen and repeat; and much more - visit these suggested websites: http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/slovak.shtml http://www.slovak.com/language/index.html http://www.heartofeurope.co.uk/dictionary_vocab2.htm

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The Slovak Alphabet.

Slovak uses 33 letters, most of which are similar to the English alphabet, but

with some differences in pronunciation. The full alphabet is as follows:

a, ä, b, c, č, d, dz, dž, e, f, g, h, ch, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ô, p, q, r, s, š, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, ž

It uses other sounds too: ď, ľ, ň, ť, á, é, í, ó, ú, ý but they aren’t classed as

separate letters.

A lot, I know! Luckily, Slovak is a phonetic language, so every letter is pronounced the same (apart from a few minor exceptions). Here, we will look at

the sounds that are different to the basic sounds in English.

Pronunciation

Á, é, í, ó, ú are simply like longer versions of a, e, i, o, u (ah, eh, ee, or, oo).

Ä is more or less like the ‘e’ sound.

C is ‘ts’ like when you say “cats’ eyes.”

Č is the ‘ch’ sound.

Ď or ď is like ‘dy’ in the word duke.

Dz sounds like d and z together like in‘adds’.

Dž is the ‘j’ sound in jam.

Ch is like the Spanish ‘j’ or the Scottish ‘ch’.

I is long (ee) and the same as í.

J is the ‘y’ sound in yes.

Ľ is like ‘ly’ in value.

Ň is like ‘ny’ in news.

Ô is like ‘uo’ or ‘wo’ in swop.

R is trilled like in Spanish.

Š is the ‘sh’ sound.

Ť or ť is like ‘ty’ in tune.

Y and ý are both an ‘ee’ sound.

Ž is like the ‘zh’ sound in measure.

The rest are pretty much the same as in English, with Q and W only appearing in foreign words.

Všetko dobré praje personál Soš Pruské All the best from Soš Pruské staff.

http://sospruske.edupage.org/

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3. Dutch for beginners

Welcome to a free introduction to the Dutch language. Dutch is one of the three national languages in Belgium. The other two languages are French and

German. In Belgium, we often speak about Flemish instead of Dutch. Flemish is a regional variant with a slightly different accent than Dutch but Flemish and Dutch people understand each other perfectly.

Dutch essential phrases

Ja. Yes.

Nee. No.

Welkom. Welcome!

Aangename kennismaking. Pleased to meet you.

Hallo. Hello.

Tot ziens. Goodbye.

Dank u. Thank you.

Mijn naam is… My name is…

Spreek jij Engels? Do you speake English?

Het spijt me, ik spreek geen Nederlands.

I’m sorry, I don’t speak Dutch.

Kan je me helpen , alsjeblieft. I need help, please.

Waar is het toilet, alsjeblieft? Where is the toilet, please?

Hoe gaat het? How are you?(informal)

Met mij gaat alles goed . I’m fine.

Alstublieft. Please.

Ik hou van thee. I like tea.

Natuurlijk. Of course.

Gezondheid. Cheers/bless you (lit.to health)

Misschien. Maybe.

Goed. Well.

Smakelijk. “enjoy your meal”

Auto. Car.

Trein. Train.

Hoe oud ben je? How old are you?

Numbers:

0 nul

1 één 6 zes

2 twee 7 zeven

3 drie 8 acht

4 vier 9 negen

5 vijf 10 tien

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There are a lot of quick courses to the Flemish language on the internet. You can find a selection underneath: http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/quickfix/flemish.shtml

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnjZFDzv1CE&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-IRdrcJKL4&feature=relmfu

The Dutch Alphabet.

Dutch uses 26 letters, most of which are similar to the English alphabet, but

with some differences in pronunciation. The full alphabet is as follows:

A b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Unfortunately for the foreign learner, we have some sounds which are called diphthongs, also known as gliding vowels. They are: ui, au, ou, ei, ij en eu.

Pronunciation

A is like the a in Madrid. N is like the n in north. B sounds like the b in bass. O is like the o in open.

C sounds like the s in sea. P is like the p in pear. C in some words c is as K. Q is like the q in quiz.

D is the d in dull. R is more like the Spanish r.

E sounds a bit like the e in mess. S sounds like the s in sea. F is like the f in loaf. T is like the t in time

G is a special sound, unlike English. U sounds like the u in hurtle. H is like the h in hear. V is like the v in vague.

I is like the i in hit. W sounds like the w in well. J sounds like the y in year. X is the x in wax.

K is the k in kind. Y sounds like the y in Youtube. L sounds like the l in life. Z is the z in zoom.

M is like the m in May

Website of our school: http://gtil.londerzeel.be

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4. SPANISH AND CATALAN

In Eivissa we speak both Spanish (or Castilian) and Ibicenco/Eivissenc, which is a dialectal variety of Catalan/Català (official language in Spain together with

Castilian). Catalan is also spoken in other parts of Spain: Catalunya, Comunitat Valenciana and Illes Balears and is the main language of education.

Both languages use the Roman Alphabet, although there are a few different letters:

The Spanish Alphabet a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ o p q r s t u v w x y z

ch and ll are used but no longer considered as separate letters.

The Catalan Alphabet The same as Spanish but it includes ç, l·l and it uses ny instead of ñ.

Examples: caçar, col·laboració, muntanya (hunt, collaboration, mountain)

In both languages we pronounce all the words in a sentence with the same

strength. The main differences between these languages are in grammar and phonetics. As for the vocabulary, many words are quite similar, while others are very different:

Examples: Vols que sortim a sopar? (Catalan) Quieres que salgamos a cenar? (Spanish)

Do you want to go out for dinner?

As you can see, in Spanish and Catalan the subject is not necessary since we infer the subject of the sentences from the verb ending:

“quieres “(Spanish) or “vols” (Catalan) can only be you. “quiero” or “vull” can only be I.

Vowels a e i o u can be accentuated á, é, í, ó, ú in Spanish to indicate the

stressed syllable : cámara (camera), acabé (I finished), acabó (he or she finished). In Catalan there are two kinds of written accents: à, è, é, ò:

“demà” (tomorrow), “però” (but), “vindré ” (I will come), “setè” (seventh)

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PRONUNCIATION Spanish

C has two pronunciations, /k/ in “casa” (house) or like th in “third”: “cero” (zero). G can be pronounced /g/: “gato” (cat) or like Scottish “loch”: “gemelo” (twin)

H is not pronounced. J is pronounced like Scottish “loch”and Slovak “ch”: “jamón” (ham)

Ll is like “you”: “lluvia” (rain). Ñ is similar to the ni sound in “onion” : “niño” Q is always followed by qu and is pronunced /K/: “queso” (cheese)

R can be pronounced with a simple vibration, like in “pero” (but), “caro” (expensive) or with multiple vibrations, like in “ratón” (mouse), ”alrededor”

(around) or “perro” (dog). Z sounds like the first sound of “third”: “zapato” (shoe)

Català/ Catalan C can be pronounced like /s/, in “cent” (hundred) or /k/, in “cantar”(sing).

Ç is like voiceless s: “adreça” (address) G can be /g/, in “gol”(goal) or like French “je”(I): “gel” (ice).

J is pronounced like French “je”: “jugar” (play) l·l is like a long /l/: “al·lèrgic” (allergic). Z is like /z/: “zebra”, “setze” (sixteen)

NY is Spanish ñ : “muntanya”

ESSENTIAL PHRASES

Spanish Catalan English

Sí No

Bienvenido/a Hola Hasta luego

Adiós Encantado/a (de

conocerte) Gracias Me llamo…

Tengo dieciséis años ¿Cómo estás?

¿Qué tal? Estoy bien ¿Hablas inglés?

Lo siento, no hablo alemán. No lo entiendo

¿Puedes repetirlo? Necesito ayuda

Sí No

Benvingut/uda Hola Fins després

Adéu Encantat/encantada

Gràcies Em dic…

Tenc setze anys Cóm estàs?

Què tal? Estic bé Parles anglès?

Ho sento, no parlo alemany. No ho entenc

¿Ho pots repetir? Necessito ajuda.

Yes, No.

Welcome Hello. See you later.

Bye. Pleased to meet you.

Thank you. My name is…

I’m 16 years old. How are you?

How are you doing? I’m fine. Do you speak

English? I’m sorry, I don’t speak German.

I don’t understand. ¿Can you repeat it?

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¿Dónde está el baño? Por favor

Claro/ por supuesto Jesús/salud Salud.

Quizàs. Bien. Que aproveche.

Coche. Autobús.

A pie/ caminando. Tengo hambre/ sed. Estoy cansado/a.

¿Qué hora es?

On està el bany? Per favor.

Clar/ per descomptat. Jesús; salut. Salud.

Potser. Bé. Que aprofiti.

Cotxe. Autobús.

A peu ; caminant. Tenc gana/ sed. Estic cansat/cansada.

Quina hora és ?

I need help. Where is the toilet?

Please. Sure; of course. Bless you.

Cheers. Maybe. Well.

Enjoy your meal. Car.

Bus. On foot. I’m hungry/thirsty.

I’m tired. What time is it?

Numbers

Spanish Catalan

0 cero 1 un, uno,una 2 dos

3 tres 4 cuatro 5 cinco

6 seis 7 siete

8 ocho 9 nueve 10 diez

Zero un, una dos/dues (feminine)

tres quatre cinc

sis set

vuit nou deu

Website

www.eivissaweb.net/iessantagusti

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5. Italian for beginners

Welcome to a free introduction to the Italian language. Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino, Switzerland (together with German, French and Romansh), Vatican City( together with Latin), and the

Sovereign Military Order Of Malta. It is the second official language, after the Croatian in Istria (Croatia), and after the Slovenian towns of Piran, Izola and Koper in Slovenia. The Italian is one of twenty-three official languages of the

European Union. It is also common in some areas of the Mediterranean countries and communities of Italian origins the different continents.

Essential Italian phrases :

Si. Yes. No. No. Benvenuti! Welcome!

Piacere di conoscerti. Nice to meet you. Ciao. Hello. Arrivederci. Goodbye.

Grazie. Thank you. Il mio nome è... My name is...

Lei parla inglese? Do you speak English? Scusami, Io non parlo Spanish. I´m sorry, I don´t speak Spanish. Ho bisogno di aiuto, grazie. I need help, please.

Dov’è il bagno, grazie? Where is the toilet, please? Come stai? How are you? (informal) Sto bene. I´m fine.

Grazie. Please. Mi piace il Tea. I like tea.

Naturalmente. Of course. Cin Cin, Vi benedica. Cheers/ bless you Forse. Maybe.

Bene. Well. Buon Appetito. enjoy your meal

Auto. Car. Treno. Train.

Numbers:

0 Zero

1 Uno)

2 Due

3 Tre

4 Quattro

5 Cinque

6 Sei

7 Sette

8 Otto

9 Nove

10 Dieci

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The Italian Alphabet :

Italy uses 26 letters, the full alphabet is as follows:

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.

The Italian is a Romance language, that is derived from latin. More specifically,

comes from the vulgar latin spoken in ancient Italy and profoundly transformed over the centuries. The modern Italian has as basis the literature used in the fourteenth century by

the Florentine Dante, Petrarca and Boccaccio, in turn influenced by the literary language developed by the Sicilian School by Jacopo da Lentini and the Latin

Model.

History of our dialect... The Neapolitan!

The Neapolitan, like Italian, is a language derived from Latin. The Neapolitan has also suffered in it’s history, like many other languages, influences, and “loans” by the various peoples who have inhabited or dominated Campania and central-southern Italy, the Greek settlers and merchants in the era of the Byzantine Duchy of Naples until the ninth century, and, more recently, the Arabs, the Normans, the French; Spaniards and even Americans during the second world War and the subsequent occupation of Naples, have Contributed with some word. Surely, however, especially Spanish and French left very deep traces in the language and culture of Naples. However, especially with regard to Spanish, it is wrong to attribute solely to the influence of Spain (Naples was under direct Spanidh rule for over-two centuries, from 1503 to 1707) similarity between the Neapolitan and quest’ idioma: these are both Romance languages or Romance, the most common elements are traced back to vulgar latin.

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In Naples we speak Italian, but we have a dialect: the Neapolitan. Our main language of education is Italian.

ESSENTIAL PHRASES Italian Neapolitan English

Sí No Benvenuta

Ciao Arrivederci

Addio Piacere di conoscerti grazie

Mi chiamo Io ho 16 anni Come stai?

Sto bene Parli inglese?

Scusami non parlo Tedesco Non capisco

Potresti ripetere? Ho bisogno di aiuto

Dov’è il bagno? Per piacere Sicuro/

Naturalmente Vi Benedica Evviva

Forse Bene

Buon appetito Auto Autobus.

A piedi Ho fame/sete.

Sono Stanca Che ore sono?

Sí No Benvenuta

Ciao Arrivederci

Addio Piacere di conoscerti Grazie

Me Chiamm Ij teng 16 ann Comme staie?

Stong buon Parli inglese?

Scusami non parlo tedesco Nun capisco

Può ripeter? Agg bisogn e aiuto

Arò stà ò bagn? Pé piacer Sicuro/Naturalmente

Vi benedica Evviva Forse

Bene Buon appetito

Auto Autobus. A piedi

Ho fame/sete Sono stanca

Che ore sono ?

Yes No. Welcome

Hello. See you later.

Bye. Nice to meet you. Thank you

My name is… I’m 16 years old. How are you?

I’m fine. Do you speak

English? I’m sorry, I don’t speak German.

I don’t understand. Can you repeat it?

I need help. Where is the toilet? Please.

Sure; of course. Bless you. Cheers.

Maybe. Well.

Enjoy your meal. Car. Bus.

On foot. I’m hungry/thirsty.

I’m tired. What time is it?

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Numbers Italiano Napoletano 0 Zero 1 Uno

2 due 3 tre 4 quattro

5 cinque 6 sei

7 sette 8 otto 9 nove

10 dieci

0 Zero 1 Uno

2 due 3 tre 4 quattro

5 cinque 6 sei

7 sette 8 otto 9 nove

10 dieci