ChapterChapterChapterChapter –––– IIIIIIIIIIII

Profile of the Study Area

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CHAPTER - III

PROFILE OF STUDY AREA

Introduction

Tiruchirappalli district is an important region in the state and had been a

Centre of activities for many historical events from the days of the early Cholas. Rock

Fort, Thayumana Swamy, Pillaiyar Temple, Teppakulam, the Nawab’s palace, the

Nadir Shah Mosque, Sri Rangam Temple, Thiruvanai Koil, Subramanyaswami

Temple, Upper Anicut and Grand Anicut are some of the important monuments and

temples reflecting the history, culture and traditions of the district.

Geographical Location

Tiruchirappalli district is located at the Central part of Tamil Nadu surrounded

by Perambalur district in the north, Pudukkotai district in the south, Karur and

Dindigul districts in the West and Thanjavur district in the East. It lies between

10°10’ and 11°20’ of the Northern latitudes and 78°10’ and 79°0' of Eastern

longitudes in the centre part of the Tamil Nadu. The general slope of the district is

towards east. It has a number of detached hills, among which Pachamalai Hill is an

important one, which has a peak up to 1015m, located at Sengattupatti Rain Forest.

Tiruchirappalli district is one of the important districts in Tamil Nadu and had a

population of 2418366 as per 2001 census and 2713858 as per 2011 census.

According to the composition of urban and rural population, Tiruchirappalli district

ranked 10th among the other districts in Tamil Nadu. Tiruchirappalli district comprises

of eight taluks viz., Thuraiyur, Lalgudi, Musri, Tiruchirappalli, Thottiyam

Mannachanallur, Srirengam and Manapparai, which included 14 blocks, 408 Village

Panchayats and 1590 Villages. This district consists of four municipalities viz.,

Ponmalai, Srirangam, Thuraiyur and Manapparai. Tiruchirappalli is the only

Municipal Corporation which is also the Head Quarters of the District. Agriculture

sector provides the major source of income to the population of the district and the

major crops in this district are paddy, cholam, cotton, groundnut, maize etc. In

100

addition, the other allied sectors like dairy, sheep / goat, sericulture and inland fishing

are the major sectors contributing to the district economy as well as act as a major

source of providing livelihood for improving the income and standard of living of the

people.

Meteorological Information

The variation of temperature throughout the year exhibits hot and dry climate

with high temperature and low degree of humidity. The region experiences four main

seasons:

Cool Months - December to February

Hot Months - March to May

Windy Months - June to August and

Rainy Months - September to November

Generally, the region has a long spell of hot climate with a short spell of rainy

season and winter.

Temperature

Temperature is low during the month of January with average mean daily

temperature of 28°C. The maximum daily temperature recorded during the hot season

in the month of May was 42°C.

Rainfall

The district receives seasonal rainfall from September to December. The

average annual rainfall was 841.9 mm, of which major quantity of rain was received

during the North East Monsoon period i.e. from October to December. South West

monsoon generally sets in at the beginning of June and blows with great force till the

end of August.1

1 <http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/TamilNadu/Trichy.pdf>15.10.2010.

101

Demographic

Table – 3.1

Census of India 2011 Tamil Nadu Provisional Population Data Sheet

Population Density 0-6 population

2001 2011

Percentage decadal

variation of population 2001 2011

India/State/

District

Total Total Male Female 2001 2011

2001 2011 Change

Total Total Male Female

INDIA 1028610328 1210193422 623724248 586469174 21.5 17.6 325 382 57 163819614 158789287 82952135 75837152

TAMILNADU 62405679 72138958 36158871 35980087 11.7 15.6 480 555 75 7235160 6894821 3542351 3352470

Tiruchirappalli 2418366 2713858 1347863 1365995 10.1 12.2 536 602 66 270043 253633 129947 123686

Ariyalur 695524 752481 373319 379162 9..3 8..2 358 387 29 89099 76775 40579 36196

Source: Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu

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The population of Tiruchirappalli district which was 10,72,756 in 1951,

increased to 24,18,366 persons in 2001. The average decadal growth rate of

population was 21.0 per cent between 1951 and 1991. Among the taluks, the

maximum population was concentrated in the Tiruchirappalli taluk, which accounted

for 45 per cent to the total population of the district.

The trend in death rate and infant mortality rate in the district was recorded as

12.09 and 48.30 per thousand persons in 1951 and this rate had declined to 5.71 and

23.18 per thousand persons respectively in 1991. The birth rate had decreased from

31.82 per thousand persons in 1951 to 17.21 per thousand persons in 1991, which

showed improved medical facilities in the district. Literacy level in the district was

77.9 per cent as per 2001 census, which is less than that of State literacy level. Male

literate constituted 55.35 per cent and female literate constituted 44.65 per cent to the

total population. The census of India 2011, Tamil Nadu provisional population data

sheet shows Tamil Nadu’s population is 72138958. According to 2011 Census

Tiruchirappalli district has a population of 2713858 comprising 1347863 males and

1365995 females. The total population of Ariyalur District is 752481 of which

373319 are males 379162 are females.

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Table – 3.2

Census of India 2011 Tamil Nadu Provisional Population Data Sheet

Literates Literacy rate Sex ratio Child sex ratio

2001 2011 2001 2011

Gender gap in

Literacy India/State/

District

2001 2011 Change 2001 2011 Change Total Total Male Female Total Total Male Female 2011

INDIA 933 940 7 927 914 -13 560687797 778454120 444203762 334250358 64.8 74.0 82.1 65.5 16.7

TAMILNADU 987 995 8 942 946 4 40524545 52413116 28314595 24098521 73.5 80.3 86.8 73.9 13.0

Tiruchirappalli 1001 1013 12 955 952 -3 1673478 2055742 1096125 959617 77.9 83.6 90.0 77.2 12.8

Ariyalur 1006 1016 10 949 892 -57 388605 486446 273058 213388 64.1 72.0 82.1 62.2 19.8

Source: Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu

104

The census of India 2011 Tamil Nadu provision population data sheet

indicates that overall sex ratio is 1013 males for 1000 females in Tiruchirappalli and

1016 males for every 1000 females in Ariyalur District. But child sex ratio shows that

both Tiruchirappalli and Ariyalur have adverse sex ratio. The literacy rate of

Tiruchirappalli district is 83.6 per cent compared to 72.0 per cent of Ariyalur.

The following table 3.3 gives the list of revenue villages of the entire Lalgudi

taluk of Tiruchirappalli District.

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Table – 3.3

Lalgudi Taluk – Revenue Villages

Name Revenue Villages

Number of Revenue Villages 92

Aadhikudi Aalambadi Aalambakkam

Aalangudi Mahajanam Aangarai Appathurai (23)

Ariyoor Chathamangalam Chembarai

Edaiyatrumangalam El.abhisekapuram Esanakorai

Garudamangalam North Garudamangalam South Idangimangalam

Jangamarajapuram Kallagam Kallakkudi

Kanakilliyanallur Kannaakudi Keeramangalam

Komaagudi Koohur Kovandakkurichi

Kumuloor Ma.Kannanoor Maadakkudi

Maalvaai Magizhambaadi Manakkal (west)

Manakkal (East) Mangammalpuram Maruthur

Melarasur Mettupatti Mummudicholamangalam

Muthuvathur Nagar Nambukkurichi

Nanjai Sangenthi Nathamaangudi Neikulam

Neikuppai (north) Neikuppai (south) Nerunchalakkudi

Oottathur Orathur Pambaramchuthi

Periyakurukkai Peruvalanallur (east) Peruvalanallur (west)

Peruvalappur Poovalur (east) Poovalur (west)

Pudukkudi Pullambadi (north) Pullambadi (south)

Punjai Sangenthi Puthur Uthamanoor Puthurpalayam

Re. Valavanoor Reddimaangudi Saathurbaagam

Saradamangalam Seshasamuthiram Sevanthinathapuram

Sirukalapur Sirumaruthur Sirumayangudi (east)

Sirumayangudi (west) Siruthaiyur Tha.Kalligudi

Tha.valavanoor Thalakkudi Thappaai

Thatchankuruchi Theeranipalayam Thinniyam

Thirumanamedu (east) Thirumanamedu(west) Thirumangalam

Valaadi Vanthalaikoodalur Varaguppai

Ve.thuraiyur Vellanoor Vengadajalapuram (north)

Vengadajalapuram(south) Viragaloor Source: www.tn.gov.in

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Resources: Land Resources: Land Utilisation

The total geographical area of Tiruchirappalli district is 4,40,383 hectares, of

which net sown area occupied 1,78,076 hectares and this accounted for 40 per cent of

the total area in the district. Area under not available for cultivation accounted for 21

per cent of the total land in the district, i.e. 93,492 hectares. Nearly 26 per cent of the

area were classified under fallow lands and 6 per cent of the lands was under forest

coverage. The remaining lands were classified under groves and orchards category.

Agriculture and Horticulture

Basically, Tiruchirappalli district is agriculturally rich due to the availability

of fertile lands and presence of perennial rivers. Cauvery with numerous tributaries

forms the basis of sustained paddy cultivation on an extensive scale throughout the

year.

Major Crops and Varieties in the District

i) Crops Paddy, Banana, Millets and other cereals are the principal crops in

Tiruchirappalli district.

Important Food Crops Paddy, Banana, Cholam, Cumbu, Red gram, Green gram, Black gram, Horse gram, Turmeric, Sugarcane, Mango, Tapioca, Groundnut & Gingelly

Important Non-food Crops Cotton, Castor and Fodder Crops

Soil

In Tiruchirappalli district, majority of the area is under Red Sandy soil and this

soil type covers 18 per cent of the total area in the district. Black soil is distributed

along the rivers of Cauvery and Ayacuts near big tanks, this soil type cover 14 per

cent of the total area in the district. The other soil types like Clay, Red Ferruginous,

etc., are occupying the remaining extent of land cover the district. Out of the total area

nearly 93678 hectare of lands are identified as soil problem area with Salinity and

Alkalinity, which is 29per cent to total area of the district. More over, nearly 1,31,785

hect of lands are identified to be prone to soil erosion in the district. The district has

been provided with 463 percolation ponds in order to safeguard the agricultural

practices in the region. Soil conservation practices have been undertaken in about

13934 hectares.

107

Water Resource

The Cauvery river is the most important river in the district and the tributaries

of Cauvery, i.e. Coleroon river, Koraiyar river, Ariyar, Malattar channel, Uyyakondan

channel, and Pullambadi canal also drain in this district.

i) The Cauvery and Coleroon River

Cauvery is one of the major rivers in South India and Tamil Nadu, which

flows towards east. The Cauvery Basin extends over an area of 81155 Sq.km, which

spread across the States of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Tiruchirappalli

district, the river splits into two branches, the northern branch being called the

Coleroon (Kolidam) and the southern branch is called river Cauvery. The total length

of the river in this district is about 125 Kms, and the area of river basin extends about

17,200 hectares of land. Ponnaniar, Uppamodai and Siddhayalli reservoir are mainly

used for irrigation purpose.

ii) Koraiyar River

Koraiyar River rises from Karuppur Reddiyarpatti hill R.F at an elevation of

about 500m. The river carries water from catchment areas of Puttanattam, Viralimalai,

Malaikudippatti, Tennalur, Illupur, Kalluppatti, Arur, Kulakkattai gudi, Keeranur and

Thuvarankurichi. The catchment area of river is 632 sq.km and the length is 75 km.

The entire catchment of the river is covered by a large number of tanks.

iii) Ariyar River

Ariyar River rises in Manapparai area from Pallivelli Mukku at an elevation of

about 700m. The river carries water from Kadavur and Semmalai reserved forests,

Vairampattai, Kulattur and Manapparai areas. The catchment area of the river is about

832 Sq.km.

iv) Upper Anicut

A dam known as upper Anicut was constructed in 1836 at a place where the

Cauvery branches off into two at the west end of Srirangam, to regulate the flow of

water in the Cauvery and Coleroon rivers. In its original form, the upper Anicut

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consisted of a simple masonary dam of 230 meters in length divided into three parts.

Below the Grand Anicut, the Cauvery further splits into two, one being called the

Cauvery and the other, the Vennar River. These channels are utilised as the main

canals for irrigation.

v) Grand Anicut

Karikala Cholan, an early Chola King, constructed the grand Anicut. It is

situated on the northern bank of Cauvery about 16 km east of Tiruchirappalli town

and mainly used for irrigation purpose. With regard to water spread area, 75 system

tanks and 99 seasonal / rainfed tanks were found to exist and then covered

5751.14 ha. and 9164.16 ha. respectively in the district. In Tiruchirappalli District

1,86,778 ha. (42.41 per cent to the total geographical area) of land are under irrigated

area. The major source of irrigation is through wells and Canals (below Table 3.4).

Table – 3.4

Details of Sources of Irrigation in Tiruchirappalli District

No. Details Length / No Area Irrigated (in hectares)

Net Gross

1 Major rivers-Canals (Delta) 440/98 51012 60940

2 Small rivers-Canals 54/37 3025 3883

3 Lakes & Tanks 1767 20422 21144

4 Open wells 63177 45013 51668

5 Tube-wells 2329 4294 4891

6 Bore-wells 45 102 117

7 Filter points 605 511 746

Subsidiary Irrigation Sources

1 Tube-wells 132 613 863

2 Filter points 1144 1362 1570

3 Open wells 5440 1886 3184

Source: Centre for Agriculture and Rural Development Studies (2008), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Comibatore.

The presence of canal irrigation is found in all blocks of Tiruchirappalli with

the exception of Thuraiyur, Marungapuri, and Thathaiyangarenpet blocks.

109

110

ARIYALUR DISTRICT PROFILE

Introduction

Ariyalur District is centrally located in Tamil Nadu and is 265 K.M. away in

southern direction from Chennai. The Ariyalur district was carved out of Perambalur

district on January 1, 2001. But, it was merged subsequently on March 31, 2002 on

economic grounds. Ariyalur district came into existence by bifurcating Perambalur

and reborned as per G.O.Ms.No.683 Revenue RA1(1) Department dated 19.11.07. As

31st district of the Tamil Nadu State. Vaithiyanatha Swamy Temple at

Thirumazhapadi, kaliyuga Varadaraja Perumal Kovil at Kallankurichi and Siva

Temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram are the important holy places for the Hindus,

Elakurichi 32 Kms from Ariyalur is famous for its ancient church built by the famous

Catholic Missionary Constantino Joseph Besky an Italian Jesuit who become a

renowned Tamil scholar of his time popularly known as VEERAMA MUNIVAR on

the year 1711. The Gandaikonda Cholapuram Siva Temple built by Rajendra Chola

son of Raja Raja Chola is almost a miniature of Thanjavur Pragadeeswar Temple and

a famous fosil tree is present in this district are some of the important monuments and

temples reflecting the history, culture and traditions of the district.

Geographical Location

The district is bordered by the districts of Cuddalore in the north, Perambalur

and Tiruchirapalli in the west, Thanjavur and Tiruvarur in the south and

Nagapattinam in the east. Ariyalur district will comprise three taluks - Ariyalur,

Udayarpalayam and Sendurai, Three Assembly segments - Ariyalur, Andimadam and

Jayankondam, Six Blocks - 1. Ariyalur 2. Andimadam 3. Sendurai 4. Thirumanur 5. T.

Palur and 6. Jayankondam, 195 Revenue villages, 2 municipalities and 201 Village

Panchayats.The District has an area of 1949 Sq.Km. It is an inland district without

coastal line. The District has Vellar River, Kollidam River and Maruthiaru River.

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Demographic Details

As per 2001 census, the population of Ariyalur is 695524, with male 346763

and female 348761.

The following tables give the demographic details of Ariyalur District.

Table – 3.5

Ariyalur District

Parameter Total Male Female Percentage Sex Ratio

Population 695524 346763 348761 100 1006

Population (0-6) 89099 45726 43373 14.69 949

Scheduled Castes 151220 75326 75894 24.94 1008

Scheduled Tribes 8529 4228 4301 1.41 1017

Literates 388605 232385 156220 64.08 672

Illiterates 306919 114378 192541 35.92 1683

Workers 345891 201196 144695 49.73 719

Main Workers 251606 167679 83927 36.18 501

Main Cultivators 97135 69827 27308 38.61 391

Main Agricultural labourers 88517 48591 39926 35.18 549

Main Workers in household industries

16104 9590 6514 6.4 679

Main Other Workers 49850 39671 10179 19.81 40075

Marginal Workers 94285 33517 60768 13.56 8

Marginal Cultivators 14201 5893 8308 15.06 1410

Marginal Agricultural labourers

70506 23263 47243 74.78 2031

Marginal Workers in Household industries

3654 805 2849 3.88 3539

Marginal Other Workers 5924 3556 2368 6.28 666

Non Workers 349633 145567 204066 50.27 1402

Households 165569

Source: Census 2001.tn.nic.in/pca2…

112

For administrative convenience, Ariyalur block has been divided 6 blocks.

The blocks are Andimadam, Jeyankondam, T. Palur, Ariyalur, Sendurai and

Thirumanur. The following table shows the block wise distribution of Ariyalur

District.

Table – 3.6

Number of Blocks

Number of Blocks 6

Number of Panchayat Villages

201

Block Panchayat Villages

Block Panchayat Villages

Andimadam 30 Ariyalur 37

Jayankondam 35 Sendurai 30

T.Palur 33 Thirumanur 36

Source: www.tn.gov.in

The above table 3.6 reveals that there are 6 blocks in the district. In the 6

blocks there are 201 Panchayat villages. Ariyalur block has the maximum number of

panchayat villages (37), Andimadam and Sendurai have minimum number of

panchayat villages (30 each).

From the table 3.7it is inferred that there are 3 taluks in the Ariyalur District.

In the 3 taluks there are 195 revenue villages.

Table – 3.7

Number of Taluks

Number of Taluks 3

Number of Revenue Villages 195

Taluk Revenue Villages

Ariyalur 68

Sendurai 28

Udayarpalayam 99

Source: www.tn.gov.in

The table 3.7 shows that Ariyalur, Sendurai and Udayarpalayam are the three

taluks in the district. The biggest taluk of the district is Udayarpalayam with 99

revenue villages, followed by Ariyalur taluk with 68 revenue villages. The smallest

taluk is Sendurai with 28 revenue villages.

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The list of revenue villages of the entire Ariyalur taluk is given in the

following table.

Table – 3.8

Ariyalur Taluk – Revenue Villages

Name Revenue Villages

Number of Revenue Villages

68

Alagiyamanavalam Alanthuraiyarkattali Ameenabath

Andipattakadu Annimangalam Ariyalur

Ariyalur(s) Arunkal Ayan Athur

Ayansuthamalli Chennivanam Chinnapattakadu

Elakurichi Elanthakudam Govindapuram

Idayathankudi Iluppaiyur Kadaugur

Kairlabath Kallankurichi Kamarasavalli

Kandirathertham Karaiyavetti Karupilakattalai

Karupur-senapatti Kavanoor Keelakavattankurichi

Keelakolathur Keelapalur Kelaiyur

Koil Esanai (east) Koil Esanai (west) Kovilur

Kulamanickam (east) Kulamanickam (west) Kuruvadi

Mallur Manjamedu Melapalur

Nagamangalam Oriyur Ottakoil

Palinganatham Parpanacherri Periyanagalur

Periyathirukonam Poondi Pottaveli

Pudupalayam Pungankuzi Rayampuram

Rettipalayam Sannavur Sannavur(s)

Sathamnagalam Siruvalur Sullankudi

Thelur Thirumalapadi Thirumanur

Thuthur Vadugapalayam Valaja Nagaram

Varanavasi Venganoor Vetriyur

Vilankudi Vilupanakurichi Source: www.tn.gov.in

114

Temperature

The maximum temperature during summer is between 33°C - 40°C.

Rainfall

The town gets major rainfall during the North West monsoon period. The

annual normal rainfall is about 700 mm to 800 mm. Annual actual rainfall is 983.9

mm.

Agriculture

Sugar cane is grown as a major commercial crop. One private sugar factory

Kothari Sugars And Chemicals Ltd., Sathamangalam near keelapalur is functioning in

the district with a capacity of crushing 3000 Tonnes per day. One of the main crops in

Ariyalur district is cashew. The pre-dominate soil in the district is red sanding with

scattered packers of black soil. The soil in the district is best suited for raising dry

crops. The district has a high means of temperature and low degree of humidity.2

2 google.co.in/ariyalur/xml

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116

AREA OF THE STUDY

Irrigation potential of Pullambadi Canal

Pullambadi canal irrigates 8831 acres and its indirect potential is 13283 acres

through tanks and has the total irrigation capacity of 22114 acres. The Pullambadi

canal is one of the major tributaries of river Cauvery.

The river Cauvery travels 320 Km in Karnataka and 480 Km in Tamil Nadu.

Its basin falls in four states: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karaikal region of

Pondicherry. In Cauvery basin, main reservoirs on the main Cauvery river are

Krishnaraja Sagar (45 TMC) in Karnataka state and Staneley reservoir / Mettur dam

(93TMC) in Tamil Nadu. On the tributaries, there are nine reservoirs / dams / anicuts

in Karnataka and 15 reservoirs in Tamil Nadu.

In the entire Cauvery river system at the offtake point of branches, control

system is provided through regulators to improve management efficiency, Regulators

across the main rivers are also provided to maintain the adequate water level for the

head sluices to allow the required quantity in the channels as well as for draining the

excess water in the delta. The channels which are taking off from the main rivers are

called A-class channels and those branching off from A-class channels are called

B-class channels and from B-class channels are called C-class channels. There are

1505 A-class channels, running totalling to about 5600 km but their branches and

sub-branches numbering to 28376 are running more than 1800 km in the delta area.

There are 22 well defined major drains totally to a length of 30 km in this delta.

The river Cauvery bifurcates at Upper Anicut in Tiruchirappalli district in to

two large arms. Of which the Northern one takes the name of Coleroon while the

Southern one retains that of Cauvery. The main river above the bifurcation is known

as Aganda (wide) Cauvery.

At Upper Anaicut, on the left Kollidam is joining the offtakes which is mainly

a drainage carrier on the Kollidam side viz., Pullambadi canal, Peruvali Voikal,

Ayyan Voikal and from which after a certain distant deviating called Anguni Voikal

are off taking on Kollidam side. On Cauveri side the canals Puduvathalai and Rama

Vathalai are off taking.

117

The Coleroon is really the main drainage branch of the river and carries the

bulk of the flood waters to the sea. It flows in an easterly direction along the northern

boundary of the Thanjavur district and enters the sea at Devakottai.

Irrigation supply was allowed opening the Mettur dam on 12th June and closed

on 31st January.

The release of water for irrigation in the Pullampadi canal is based on the

directive of the government. The water would normally be released from this canal

only if the storage at the Mettur dam was 94 feet.

The table given below shows the complete details of the Pullambadi Canal

Ayacut System.

The table given below shows the complete details of the Pullambadi canal

ayacut system.

118

Table – 3.9 Pullambadi Canal Ayacut Statement Ayacut

S. No. Mile

Name of Sluice Direct

In Direct

Total Ayacut

Name of Village Name of Union

Name of Taluk

1 26/0 Dy.No:1 1854 - 1854 Pullambadi, Mullal Pullambadi Lalgudi

2 27/3 Direct No:1 68.99 39.11 108 Pullambadi Pullambadi Lalgudi

3 28/0 Dy.No:2 1984 39 2023 Pullambadi, Mangudi Pullambadi Lalgudi

4 28/7 Direct No:2 109 - 109 Pullambadi, Venkatachalam Pullambadi Lalgudi

5 29/5 Dy.No:3 436 - 436 Kovandakurichi Pullambadi Lalgudi

6 30/0 Direct No:3 82 - 82 Kovandakurichi Pullambadi Lalgudi

7 30/5 Direct No:4 36 31 67 Kovandakurichi,Alambakam Pullambadi Lalgudi

8 31/3 Dy.No:4 882 - 882 Alambakkam Pullambadi Lalgudi

9 31/7 Dy.No:5 662 30 692 Alambakkam Pullambadi Lalgudi

10 32/2 Direct No:5 165 - 165 Vandrapalayam Pullambadi Lalgudi

11 32/5 Manodai Tank Sluice No.2

- 1718 1718 Palinganatham, Vandrapalayam Thirumanur Ariyalur

12 33/4 Sluice No.1 - 602 602 Palinganatham, Vandrapalayam Thirumanur Ariyalur

13 33/6 Direct No:6 110 - 110 Palinganatham, Vandrapalayam Thirumanur Ariyalur

14 34/6 Dy.No:6 164 95 259 Vilagam Thirumanur Ariyalur

15 35/2 Dy.No:7 432 148 580 Vilagam, Kovilesanai Thirumanur Ariyalur

16 36/0 Dy.No:8 438 - 438 Venganur, Kovilesanai Thirumanur Ariyalur

17 36/5 Dy.No:9 197 - 197 Venganur Thirumanur Ariyalur

18 37/5 T.S.No:2 - 1823 1823 Venganur, Kovilesanai Thirumanur Ariyalur

19 38/6 T.S.No:1 - 72 72 Venganur, Kovilesanai Thirumanur Ariyalur

20 39/3 Dy.No:11 110 - 110 Venganur Thirumanur Ariyalur

21 40/5 T.S.No:3 - 366 366 Venganur, Karaivettiparathur Thirumanur Ariyalur

22 41/5 T.S.No:2 - 613 613 Karaivettiparathur, Palayapadi Thirumanur Ariyalur

23 42/2 T.S.No:1 - 1609 1609 Kavattankurichi, Senapati, Kunthapuram

Thirumanur Ariyalur

24 44/7 Dy.No:16 110 108

4483 -

108

Kallur

Thirumanur

Ariyalur

25 45/1 Dy.No:16 322 240 512 Kallur, Keelakolathur Thirumanur Ariyalur

26 45/7 46/7

Dy.No:17 Dy.No:18

174 175

419 336

513 511

Keelakolathur, Vadugapalayam

Thirumanur

Ariyalur

27 47/1 Tank Sluice 5 - 5 Vadugapalayam, Vilupanankurichi Thirumanur Ariyalur

28 47/6 Dy.No:19 664 50 714 Vadugapalayam, Sullangudi Thirumanur Ariyalur

29 48/1 Dy.No:21 278 115 393 Elakurichi, Kattur Thirumanur Ariyalur

30 48/5 Tank Sluice 204 106 310 Elakurichi, Kattur, Sullangudi Thirumanur Ariyalur

31 49/4 Head Sluice 139 - 139 Naryanur, Vanarapalayam Thirumanur Ariyalur

32 50/3 Dy.No:22 200 304 504 Elakurichi Thirumanur Ariyalur

33 50/6 Dy.No:23 242 18 250 Settukudi Thirumanur Ariyalur

34 53/0 Arasaneri - 120 120 Settukudi Thirumanur Ariyalur

35 53/4 Thuthur - 116 116 Thuthur Thirumanur Ariyalur

36 54/0 T.S.No:3 - 902 902 Kamarasavalli, Mathur Thirumanur Ariyalur

37 54/3 T.S.No:2 - 198 198 Kamarasavalli Thirumanur Ariyalur

38 50/0 T.S.No:1 - 1731 1731 Narannur, Oriyur, Komanthur Ariyalur Ariyalur

39 55/3 High Level - - 40 Narannur, Siluppanur, Attanur Ariyalur Ariyalur

Total 10273 11841 22114

Total Lalgudi T.K. 6418 Ariyalur T.K. 5696 Total 22114

Direct 6318 3955 10273

Indirect 100 11741 11841

Source: P.W.D. R.C. Division, Tiruchirappalli

119

The table 3.9 reveals the complete details about the Pullambadi Canal Ayacut

system. It reveals name of the sluices, extent of irrigation, villages covered under the

Pullambadi canal irrigation and the length of the various sluices branching out from

major Pullambadi canal.

The following table furnishes informations about tanks which are the

reservoirs of pullambadi canal water.

Table – 3.10

Storage position of tanks as on 28.10.2007

S. No.

Name of Taluk Name of Village Name of Tank

Ayacut in

acres

Storage position

1 Ariyalur Palinganatham Monodai Tank 2710.65 Full 2 Ariyalur Vilagam Sivasubramaniya Udaiyar Eri 55.88 Full 3 Ariyalur Vilagam Vingirayar Eri 39.11 Full 4 Ariyalur Venganur Andiodai Tank 1894.68 Full 5 Ariyalur Karivetty Vettakudi Tank 3319.00 Full 6 Ariyalur Kallur Kallur Tank 130.35 80% 7 Ariyalur Kallur Two Kallur Tank 68.15 80% 8 Ariyalur Kallur Three Kallur Tank 171.94 80% 9 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Mottaiah Pillai Tank 415.73 80% 10 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Chetti Eri 24.60 80% 11 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Adidravidan Eri 156.16 80% 12 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Appavoo Moopanar Eri 155.22 80% 13 Ariyalur Keelakukathur Elaya Perumal Eri 4.76 80% 14 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Lakshmana Moopanar Eri 24.23 80% 15 Ariyalur Vadugapallayam Ramupillai Eri 25.88 80% 16 Ariyalur Sullangudi Ezheri 105.07 80% 17 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Pudu Eri 80.80 80% 18 Ariyalur Sullangudi Thiruvengadapadayachi Eri 212.24 80% 19 Ariyalur Sullangudi Kuppan Iyyangar Eri 139.44 80% 20 Ariyalur Kattur Kattur Eri 139.44 80% 21 Ariyalur Elakurichi Vannan Eri 303.98 80% 22 Ariyalur Elakurichi Nedungulam Tank 17.68 80% 23 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Sukkiran Eri 5914.62 80% 24 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Arasan Eri 532.82 80% 25 Ariyalur Thoothur Thoothur Tank 416.36 80% 26 Ariyalur Kandiathirtham Kandiathirtham Tank 1853.20 80%

Source: P.W.D,R.C.Division, Tiruchirappalli.

120

The table 3.10 clearly shows that there are 26 tanks in Ariyalur district. The

storage capacities of the tanks vary from 80-100 per cent. The most important tank in

the study area is Sukkiran Eri which has a large ayacut area of 5914.62 acres. The

next biggest tank is Vettakudi tank which has an ayacut area of 3319.00 acres.

Monodai tank is another important reservoir of water which has the total ayacut area

of 2710.65 acres. The Pullambadi canal is a seasonal canal and not a perennial canal.

The tanks are acting as buffer for the farmers during the water distress times.

The following table 3.11 shows the hydraulic particulars of tanks under

Pullambadi canal.

121

Table – 3.11

Hydraulic Particulars of Tanks under Pullambadi Canal System from Mile 32/2 to 52/2

S. No.

Name of Taluk Name of Village Name of Tank

Ayacut in acres

Capacity in M.C.

ft.

No. of Sluices

Surplus arrangements

No. Union

Assembly constituency Channel

1 Ariyalur Palinganatham Monodai Tank 2710.65 116.00 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

2 Ariyalur Vilagam Sivasubramaniya Udaiyar Eri

55.88 2.910 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

3

3(a)

Ariyalur

Ariyalur

Vilagam

Elandakudam

Vingirayar Eri

Sambuvarayar

39.11

122.00 1.970 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

4 Ariyalur Venganur Andiodai Tank 1956.45 1894.68 98.730 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

5 Ariyalur Karivetty Vettakudi Tank 3319.00 145.10 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

6 Ariyalur Kallur Kallur Tank 130.35 5.080 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

7 Ariyalur Kallur Two Kallur Tank 68.15 2.005 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

8 Ariyalur Kallur Three Kallur Tank 171.94 4.080 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

9 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Mottaiah Pillai Tank 415.73 14.090 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

10 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Chetti Eri 24.60 0.896 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

11 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Adidravidan Eri 156.16 5.040 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

12 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Appavoo Moopanar Eri 155.22 5.296 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

13 Ariyalur Keelakukathur Elaya Perumal Eri 4.76 - 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

(Contd...)

122

S. No.

Name of Taluk Name of Village Name of Tank

Ayacut in acres

Capacity in M.C.

ft.

No. of Sluices

Surplus arrangements

No. Union

Assembly constituency Channel

14 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Lakshmana Moopanar Eri

24.23 1.660 2 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

15 Ariyalur Vadugapallayam Ramupillai Eri 25.88 0.420 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

16 Ariyalur Sullangudi Ezheri 105.07 2.250 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

17 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Pudu Eri 80.80 - - 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

18 Ariyalur Sullangudi Thiruvengadapadayachi Eri

212.24 7.115 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

19 Ariyalur Sullangudi Kuppan Iyyangar Eri 139.44 3.000 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

20 Ariyalur Kattur Kattur Eri 139.44 3.000 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

21 Ariyalur Elakurichi Vannan Eri 303.98 0.420 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

22 Ariyalur Elakurichi Nedungulam Tank 17.68 0.420 1 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

23 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Sukkiran Eri 5914.62 228.54 6 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

24 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Arasan Eri 532.82 12.160 3 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

25 Ariyalur Thoothur Thoothur Tank 416.36 34.640 4 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Pullambadi

26 Ariyalur Kandiathirtham Kandiathirtham Tank 1853.20 66 8 1 Tirumanur Ariyalur Nandiar

Source: Junior Engineer,P.W.D. Pullambadi Canal Section, Thirumanur.

123

The table 3.11 shows the hydraulic particulars of tanks coming under the

purview of Pullambadi canal. The table contains particulars about Name of the tank,

Location of the tank, Village, Union and taluk and assembly constituency particulars,

total ayacut area in acres, storage capacity in Mcft, number of sluices, the surplus

arrangements and major channels of the various tanks.

The following table furnishes information about the encroachments. The

extent of encroachment and their removal and the cost incurred for the removal are

given in the following table.

124

Table – 3.12

List of Encroachment Tanks in Ariyalur District

S. No.

Name of Taluk

Name of Village Name of Tank Ayacut in acres

Encroachment area in

acres

Already Evicted

To be Evicted

Approximate amount for

eviction Rs. in Lakhs

1 Ariyalur Elanthakudam Shambuvarayar Kulam 148.45 37.41 - 37.41 12.90

2 Ariyalur Kallur Kallur Tank 130.35 5.00 5.00 - -

3 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Mottaiah Pillai Tank 415.73 3.00 3.00 - -

4 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Adidravidan Eri 156.16 10.00 10.00 - -

5 Ariyalur Vadugappalayam Appavoo Moopanar Eri 155.22 2.00 2.00 - -

6 Ariyalur Keelakulathur Elaya Perumal Eri 4.76 1.00 - 1.00 1.00

7 Ariyalur Sullangudi Ezheri 105.07 2.00 2.00 - -

8 Ariyalur Kattur Kallur Eri 139.44 2.00 - 2.00 2.00

9 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Sukkiran Eri 5914.62 10.00 - 10.00 10.00

10 Ariyalur Kamarasavalli Arasan Eri 532.82 7.00 - 7.00 7.00

11 Ariyalur Kandiathirtham Kandiathirtham 1853.20 4.00 4.00 - -

83.41 26.00 57.41 32.90

Source: Executive Engineer, PWD, R.C.Division, Tiruchirappalli.

125

The table 3.12 reveals clearly that all the major tanks coming under the ambit

of Pullambadi canal are affected by encroachments. The total encroachment area

stood at 83.41 acres of which 26 acres are already evicted. The worst affected tank by

encroachment is Shambuvarayar Kulam which has an encroachment of 37.41 acres

and there is a efforts on the part of Public Works Department (PWD) to evict these

encroachments. The Sukkiran Eri is also affected by encroachments to the level of 10

acres and here also there is eviction drive on the part of the PWD officials. The

encroachments severely affect the storage and flow of water and ultimately undermine

the efficiency of water use.

126

127

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