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IFPRI Household Survey, Family Welfare Indicator, Inequality, Household Characteristics, Budget Shares, Education, Employment, Assets, Housing, Credit and Savings, Access to Facilities, and Social Safety Net Participation by Income Groups, by Dr. Akhter Ahmed, IFPRI
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Profile of the Feed the Future Zone in the South and Other Regions of Bangladesh
Akhter Ahmed Chief of Party
Bangladesh Policy Research and Strategy Support Program International Food Policy Research Institute
Workshop on
The Feed the Future Zone in the South and the Rest of Bangladesh: A Comparison of Food Security Aspects
16 January 2013 Dhaka
Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey
IFPRI designed the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey (BIHS) to created a baseline for the Feed the Future (FTF) zone in southern Bangladesh. This carefully collected data will be a point of reference against which the FTF progress can be measured. The survey will be repeated for mid-term and end-line evaluation of FTF. In addition, this nationally representative survey provides an integrated data platform to carry out a variety of studies with policy implications for food security and agricultural development. BIHS has been approved and facilitated by the Government of Bangladesh (Ministry of Food) BIHS sample is:
nationally representative of rural Bangladesh representative of rural areas of each of the 7 administrative divisions of the country representative of the FTF Zone of Influence
BIHS started in October 2011 and ended in March 2012
2
BIHS Sampling
The sampling process and survey administration included the following steps:
Listed all villages in each of the stratum (7 divisions and the FtF zone of influence)
In each stratum, randomly selected villages (PSUs) with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling using the number of households in the 2001 population census data
Conducted complete census in each of the 325 selected villages
Randomly selected 20 households from each village from census list
Male and female enumerators interviewed, respectively, male and female respondents of each selected household.
3
Sampling of FTF Stratum
Over-sampled the FTF zone of influence in the BIHS sampling frame to make the sample statistically representative of the FTF zone
102 primary sampling units (villages) belong to each of the 20 FTF districts
Conducted complete census in 102 villages; randomly selected 20 households from each village
Total FTF sample size: 2,040 households; 8,364 persons
4
BIHS Modules
Household demographic composition, education attainment and cost, occupation and employment, dwelling characteristics, assets, credit and savings, migration and remittances, nonfarm enterprises, safety net participation
Landownership and tenure; agricultural production, input use and costs (plot-level data); livestock, poultry and fisheries production practices; marketing practices and revenues
Food and nonfood expenditures
Dietary intakes of individual household members
Health and morbidity, child care, water and sanitation
Anthropometric measurements of all household members
Infant & child feeding practices, immunization, nutrition awareness, care during pregnancy
Data to construct Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index
Survey Administration
For implementing the BIHS, IFPRI engaged the Data Analysis and Technical Assistance Limited (DATA), a Bangladeshi consulting firm with expertise in conducting complex surveys and data analysis. DATA’s capacity to conduct surveys to collect high-quality data was largely built by IFPRI over the past 18 years. DATA works under the supervision and guidance of senior IFPRI researchers.
DATA provided 140 experienced enumerators (70 female and 70 male) and 20 supervisors (3 female and 17 male) to administer the BIHS.
The training of the survey enumerators consisted of a formal classroom component as well as closely monitored practice fieldwork. The training was conducted by IFPRI researchers and senior DATA staff.
IFPRI and DATA took much care to ensure the quality of the household survey data. IFPRI researchers made frequent field visits to supervise the fieldwork.
PROFILE RESULTS
7
Family Welfare Indicator: Percent of people living on less than PPP $1.25/day
40.5 41.8
31.0 34.0
35.8
42.4
65.5
35.6 38.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
po
pu
lati
on
8
Inequality in Consumption Expenditure (as a proxy for income)
0.432
0.439
0.434 0.435
0.425 0.424 0.425
0.443
0.448
0.41
0.415
0.42
0.425
0.43
0.435
0.44
0.445
0.45
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Gini coefficients
9
Dependency Ratio (Number of household members aged 0-14 years and above 60 years divided by the
number of members of working age of 15 to 60 years)
80
100
110
90
70 70
80
100
90
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
10
Per Capita Monthly Consumption Expenditures
2,660 2,696
3,090
2,842 2,691
2,515
1,989
2,952
2,692
1559 1541 1660 1667
1486 1380
1146
1817
1531
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Taka
/mo
nth
Total expenditure Food expenditure
11
Household Budget Shares
60.3 58.9
7.7 8.0 5.8 5.6 5.5 6.2 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.4
2.2 1.8
9.1 10.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
tota
l exp
end
itu
re
Food Fuel & lighting House rent
Clothing & footware Transport & communication Medical expenses
Education Other
12
Food Energy (calorie) Deficient Households
36.8 35.3
17.5 16.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Consuming <2,122 kcal/person/day Consuming <1,805 kcal/person/day
13
Calorie Deficient Households by Income Groups: FTF Zone
72.8
45.2
29.0
15.2 12.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Per capita expenditure quintile
Consuming <2,122 kcal/person/day Consuming <1,805 kcal/person/day
14
Food Energy (calorie) Share of Rice
71.1 72.2
66.4
71.1 71.6
70.6
77.0
70.0 71.1
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
tota
l ho
use
ho
ld c
alo
rie
15
FTF Zone: Food Energy-Income Relationship
and Energy Intakes from Rice
16
1,854 2,063
2,185 2,340
2,462 77
74 73
69 65
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Perc
ent
of
tota
l cal
ori
es f
rom
ric
e
Per capita expenditure quintile groups
Cal
ori
e in
take
s (k
cal/
per
son
/day
)
Total calories Percent of total calories from rice
Adult Literacy Rate of People Aged 15 Years and Over
65.1 65.9 62.7
53.4
64.3
54.9 50.9
60.5 57.6 59.2
64.0 60.5
50.8
58.9
50.4 48.2
53.3 54.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
po
pu
lati
on
Male Female
17
Years of Schooling of People Aged 15 Years and Over
4.8 4.9 4.6
4.0
5.1
4.2
3.7 4.0
4.3 4.1
4.6 4.4
3.6
4.4
3.6
3.2
3.6 3.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Year
s o
f sc
ho
olin
g
Male Female
18
No Schooling of People Aged 15 Years and Over
35.9 32.4
37.8
46.4
36.2
44.5
49.4
39.5 42.3
40.5
33.9
41.4
48.6
42.4
49.4 51.8
48.3 45.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
Male Female
19
Net Primary School Enrolment Rate of Children
85.6 82.6
77.5 78.0
83.5 82.1 77.7
81.4 79.4
88.9 85.4
77.2 82.1
91.3 86.8
80.7
86.4 83.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
Boys Girls
20
Net Secondary School Enrolment Rate of Children
68.6 72.7
55.3
64.2
74.4
64.3
71.6
49.0
63.3
72.3
66.2 64.9
75.1 76.2
88.9
74.5
58.6
72.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
Boys Girls
21
Principal Occupation of Household Head
47.5
43.3
11.2 12.3
4.7 5.1
11.4 11.7
4.1 4.6 4.3 4.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Farming Agriculture day laborer Non-agriculture day laborer
Business/trade Rickshaw/van puller Salaried
22
Households with Electricity Connection and Solar Panel
45.3 43.3
56.3
50.2
54.4
49.5
26.0
42.9
47.5
6.0
10.2
1.9 3.6 3.7
1.9 1.5
7.2
3.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Electricity Solar panel
23
Use of Kerosene as the Main Source of Lighting Fuel
51.8 54.5
37.2
45.1 43.7 45.7
70.7
48.8 48.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
24
Main Source of Cooking Fuel
47
53
67
34
43
15
24
44
38
24
10 6
18
35 35 35
16
22 24
36
14
39
19
37 36
27 31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Firewood Dried cow dung Dried leaves/branches
25
Households with Functioning Mobile Phone
74.7 70.2
81.6
70.1
77.2 74.1
64.3
70.6 72.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
26
Households with Functioning Mobile Phone by Income Groups: FTF Zone
51.5
71.4
77.3
83.3
90.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Per capita expenditure quintile
27
Households with Types of Latrine
17 17
10
25
9
28
19 19 19
53
60
47 48
66
38
44 46 49
28
20
37
21 24 25 25
29 25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FTF zone Barisal Chittagong Dhaka Khulna Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Kutcha Pucca (unsealed) Sanitary (water-sealed)28
Participation in Social Safety Net Programs
24.6
22.7
4.3
2.0
6.3 5.1 5.7
4.6
2.0 1.5
5.1 4.4 4.5
2.3 2.6 2.3 3.7
6.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
FTF zone Rural Bangladesh
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Primary school stipend School feeding Secondary education stipend
Old age allowance Allowance for widows Gratuitous relief
OMS VGD VGF
29
Targeting Effectiveness of Selected Safety Nets
31
24 22
16
8
18 19
26
22
15
27 24
22
19
8
31
26 25
14
4
35
23 25
13
3
37
23
16 20
5
37
24
18
14
7
49
23 21
6
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 (poorest) 2 3 4 5 (richest)
Perc
ent
of
ho
use
ho
lds
Primary school stipend Secondary education stipend Old-age allowance
GR OMS VGD
VGF EGPP 30
