Upload
candice-ursula-berry
View
219
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
4 sub regions of South Asia4 sub regions of South Asia
IndiaIndia Pakistan & BangladeshPakistan & Bangladesh Nepal & BhutanNepal & Bhutan Sri Lanka & the MaldivesSri Lanka & the Maldives
Differences between the northern Differences between the northern and southern regions of Southeast and southern regions of Southeast
AsiaAsiaNorthNorth
Development along the Ganges RiverDevelopment along the Ganges River
Rice cultivationRice cultivation
Surplus foodSurplus food
Increases in populationIncreases in population
Civilization develops into kingdomsCivilization develops into kingdoms
Raja-head of stateRaja-head of state
part of the warrior classpart of the warrior class
Differences between the north and Differences between the north and southsouth
SouthSouth
Geography makes unification difficultGeography makes unification difficult
Also develop caste system (future Also develop caste system (future slides)slides)
Spread to the coastSpread to the coast
Develop sea ports and sea Develop sea ports and sea trading trading networks networks
Indo-AryansIndo-Aryans
Language—SanskritLanguage—SanskritVarnas—Class/caste systemVarnas—Class/caste system
Kshatriyas—warrior classKshatriyas—warrior classBrahmins—priest classBrahmins—priest classVaisyas—merchants, Vaisyas—merchants, Sudras—artisans, farmersSudras—artisans, farmers
Non-Indo-AryansNon-Indo-AryansUntouchablesUntouchables
Created by the Purusha (universal spirit)Created by the Purusha (universal spirit)
Take Five…Take Five…
Name the 3 major religions that Name the 3 major religions that emerged from Southeast Asia.emerged from Southeast Asia.
HinduismHinduism
Brahma-the creatorBrahma-the creatorVishnu-the preserverVishnu-the preserverSiva-the destroyerSiva-the destroyer
Essential beliefs of Essential beliefs of HinduismHinduism
ReincarnationReincarnationdharma (moral duty)dharma (moral duty)Karma (good or bad)Karma (good or bad)
BuddhismBuddhismSiddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama
““Buddha” or the “Enlightened One”Buddha” or the “Enlightened One”Essential beliefsEssential beliefs
Four noble truthsFour noble truths1. all human life contains suffering 1. all human life contains suffering and sorrowand sorrow2. desire causes suffering2. desire causes suffering3. by rejecting desire, people can 3. by rejecting desire, people can
attain nirvana, which frees the soul attain nirvana, which frees the soul from reincarnationfrom reincarnation
4. following the eightfold path leads 4. following the eightfold path leads to to the rejection of desirethe rejection of desire
Essential beliefs of BuddhismEssential beliefs of Buddhism
Rejected the Vedas (ancient religious Rejected the Vedas (ancient religious texts)texts)
Opposed the BrahminsOpposed the Brahmins
Rejected the Varna (caste) systemRejected the Varna (caste) system
Theraveda “way of the elders”Theraveda “way of the elders”
Mahayana “greater vehicle”—total Mahayana “greater vehicle”—total peace to live a moral life and then be peace to live a moral life and then be rewardedrewarded
Buddhism (con’t)Buddhism (con’t)
The Eightfold PathThe Eightfold Path right faithright faithintentionsintentionsspeechspeechactionactionlivinglivingefforteffortmindfulnessmindfulnessmeditationmeditation
Jainism Jainism
Founders: 24 Jinas (“those who have Founders: 24 Jinas (“those who have overcome”)overcome”)
Ahimsa-path of non-violenceAhimsa-path of non-violence VegetariansVegetarians Based on 3 Ratnas (jewels): Right Based on 3 Ratnas (jewels): Right
faith; Right knowledge; Right actionfaith; Right knowledge; Right action
MahaviraMahavira
Prince Vardhaman Prince Vardhaman Rejected life as a princeRejected life as a prince Focused on meditation Focused on meditation
and suffering for Jainismand suffering for Jainism Became known as Became known as
Mahavira “Great Hero”Mahavira “Great Hero” Achieves Nirvana and Achieves Nirvana and
Moksha with death at 72Moksha with death at 72 Celebrated as Jainism Celebrated as Jainism
holidayholiday
IndiaIndia
Early Indian civilization=Early Indian civilization=
Indus Valley 2500 BCIndus Valley 2500 BC Aryans crossed the Aryans crossed the
mountains of Hindu Kush mountains of Hindu Kush
and took control and took control
of the region pushing the nativeof the region pushing the native
peoples to the Southpeoples to the South
Unification by the Mauryan EmpireUnification by the Mauryan Empire
Asoka the Great 321 BCAsoka the Great 321 BC Unifies India and Spreads BuddhismUnifies India and Spreads Buddhism
Gupta Empire Takes OverGupta Empire Takes Over Chandragupta I comes Chandragupta I comes
to power in to power in approximately 330 BC approximately 330 BC and unites northern and unites northern IndiaIndia
Chandragupta I is Chandragupta I is followed by sons and followed by sons and grandsons who expand grandsons who expand more of northern and more of northern and eastern Indiaeastern India
Ruled until Ruled until approximately 500 BCapproximately 500 BC
Hindu culture in the Gupta AgeHindu culture in the Gupta Age
““classical age”classical age”
Advances in art and literatureAdvances in art and literature
Advances in mathematics & scienceAdvances in mathematics & science
numerals and decimal systemnumerals and decimal system
est. (pi) & that the earth is est. (pi) & that the earth is spherical and rotates on an axisspherical and rotates on an axis
Advances in medicineAdvances in medicine
Gupta SocietyGupta Society
Expansion of the jati (caste system) Expansion of the jati (caste system) systemsystem
The 4 stages of lifeThe 4 stages of life
Moksha=liberation from reincarnation—Moksha=liberation from reincarnation—the cycle of death and rebirththe cycle of death and rebirth
Women in Guptan societyWomen in Guptan society
Suttee—the practice of committing Suttee—the practice of committing suicide in the event husband dies suicide in the event husband dies (usually only the upper classes)(usually only the upper classes)
Other InvadersOther Invaders
Central Asian PeoplesCentral Asian Peoples MuslimsMuslims
• Establishment of the Establishment of the
Mughal Empire from the Mughal Empire from the
1500’s to the 1700’s1500’s to the 1700’s
European Imperialism European Imperialism
French, Dutch, Portuguese, and French, Dutch, Portuguese, and British make trade relationships with British make trade relationships with Indian chiefsIndian chiefs
Great Britain ultimately successfulGreat Britain ultimately successful• Est. British East India Co.Est. British East India Co.• Controlled trade by 1757Controlled trade by 1757• Controlled India by 1857 called the rajControlled India by 1857 called the raj• Controlled for 90 years despite Controlled for 90 years despite
rebellionsrebellions
Non-violent ProtestNon-violent Protest
Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi Great Britain grants independence Great Britain grants independence
(8-14-1947)(8-14-1947) Division of IndiaDivision of India
• Pakistan and Bangladesh separatePakistan and Bangladesh separate• Division leads to conflict Division leads to conflict
Hindus vs MuslimsHindus vs Muslims
World’s Largest DemocracyWorld’s Largest Democracy
Effects of British imperialismEffects of British imperialism Federation of states (like US)Federation of states (like US) Prime minister (like G.B.)Prime minister (like G.B.) Parliamentary democracy (like G.B.)Parliamentary democracy (like G.B.) Representation from all groups: Representation from all groups:
Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs & TamilsHindu, Muslim, Sikhs & Tamils• Assassination of Prime Minister Indira Assassination of Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi (1984) by a Sikh extremist Gandhi (1984) by a Sikh extremist
Economy of IndiaEconomy of India
One of world’s largest, but slowest economiesOne of world’s largest, but slowest economies ½ of India’s population are impoverished½ of India’s population are impoverished 2/3’s are farmers2/3’s are farmers 5% of the population own 25% of the land 5% of the population own 25% of the land
(1990’s)(1990’s) Land reform—redistribution of land Land reform—redistribution of land
(unsuccessful)(unsuccessful) Green Revolution more successful—new Green Revolution more successful—new
farming techniques and increased crop yieldsfarming techniques and increased crop yields
Economy of IndiaEconomy of India
Cotton textilesCotton textiles Iron, steel, chemical, machinery etcIron, steel, chemical, machinery etc
• Major industrial citiesMajor industrial cities CalcuttaCalcutta Bombay * most industrialized cityBombay * most industrialized city AhmadabadAhmadabad MadrasMadras Bangalore * center for technologyBangalore * center for technology
Tradition vs Modern IdeologyTradition vs Modern Ideology
Arranged marriagesArranged marriages Extended family groupsExtended family groups Vegetarians (religion)Vegetarians (religion) Soccer, field hockey etcSoccer, field hockey etc Bollywood (Hollywood Indian style) * Bollywood (Hollywood Indian style) *
BombayBombay
Indian Culture…Indian Culture…
Education—growing literacy ratesEducation—growing literacy rates Many languages—mostly Sanskrit Many languages—mostly Sanskrit
• Southern India—4 main languages Southern India—4 main languages
Take Five…Take Five…
Why did Pakistan and Bangladesh Why did Pakistan and Bangladesh break away from India after the break away from India after the British occupation?British occupation?
Early civilization…Early civilization…
Today Pakistan = Indus River Valley Today Pakistan = Indus River Valley civilization 2500 BCcivilization 2500 BC
Sophisticated for its time period with Sophisticated for its time period with major cities and irrigation systemsmajor cities and irrigation systems
Fell to Aryans around 1500 BC and Fell to Aryans around 1500 BC and then suffered from other invasionsthen suffered from other invasions
PartitionPartition
Division of IndiaDivision of India• India (Hindu) & Muslim Pakistan (East & India (Hindu) & Muslim Pakistan (East &
West)West)• Conflict and violence (approx. 1 million Conflict and violence (approx. 1 million
deaths)deaths)• Movement of people across bordersMovement of people across borders
Additional conflict and civil war between E & Additional conflict and civil war between E & W PakistanW Pakistan
1971 East Pakistan won its independence 1971 East Pakistan won its independence and became Bangladesh and became Bangladesh
Wally Points…Wally Points…
If E and W Pakistan are both Muslim If E and W Pakistan are both Muslim countries, then why did they fight a countries, then why did they fight a civil war?civil war?
Politics in Pakistan and BangladeshPolitics in Pakistan and Bangladesh
Attempted democracies=failedAttempted democracies=failed Military rule dominatesMilitary rule dominates Political corruptionPolitical corruption 1990’s both countries had female 1990’s both countries had female
prime ministers (a step in the right prime ministers (a step in the right direction???)direction???)
Conflict, war and violenceConflict, war and violence• Ex: Kashmir—fighting over territory Ex: Kashmir—fighting over territory
between India and Pakistanbetween India and Pakistan
Economics Economics
Large populationsLarge populations Primarily agricultural based economiesPrimarily agricultural based economies
• Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming• Hindered by seasonal monsoons, drought, Hindered by seasonal monsoons, drought,
cyclones and low yieldscyclones and low yields• Most productive in Pakistan through Most productive in Pakistan through
irrigation from the Indus Riverirrigation from the Indus River Rice, cotton and freshwater fish are main Rice, cotton and freshwater fish are main
industries for exportindustries for export Poverty (Bangladesh one of the Poverty (Bangladesh one of the
poorest countries in the world)poorest countries in the world)
Economics (con’t)Economics (con’t)
Small industrySmall industry• Lack capital, resources, educated Lack capital, resources, educated
workforce and marketsworkforce and markets Textile industries primarilyTextile industries primarily
• Cotton, wool and leather goodsCotton, wool and leather goods Microcredit=Began in Bangladesh and Microcredit=Began in Bangladesh and
offered to small business owners (some offered to small business owners (some women). Small business owners join women). Small business owners join together and apply for a joint loan—together and apply for a joint loan—must repay the loan together. must repay the loan together.
Take Five…Take Five…
Complete the skill builder questions Complete the skill builder questions on pg. 575.on pg. 575.
Wally Points…Wally Points…
What do you see as potential What do you see as potential problems with microcredit? problems with microcredit?
ReligionReligion
Both Pakistan and Bangladesh were part Both Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of the Mughal empire and therefore of the Mughal empire and therefore MuslimMuslim
Only about 10% of the population are Only about 10% of the population are HinduHindu
Practice the Muslim faith Practice the Muslim faith • Ramadan and MosquesRamadan and Mosques
Pakistan is stricterPakistan is stricter• Ex: Purdah=seclusion of women (wearing Ex: Purdah=seclusion of women (wearing
veils)veils)
Ethnic diversityEthnic diversity
Pakistan has 5 main ethnic groupsPakistan has 5 main ethnic groups• Each has own language and cultureEach has own language and culture• Each has own regional territory with Each has own regional territory with
PakistanPakistan Urdu is the official language of PakistanUrdu is the official language of Pakistan
Bangladesh primarily one ethnic Bangladesh primarily one ethnic group: Bengalisgroup: Bengalis• Primary language is SanskritPrimary language is Sanskrit
CultureCulture Arranged marriages commonArranged marriages common Families live together in extended family unitsFamilies live together in extended family units Most people are rural and live simplyMost people are rural and live simply Large cities are overcrowded—traffic is a problemLarge cities are overcrowded—traffic is a problem Enjoy sports: soccer and cricket and Bollywood!!Enjoy sports: soccer and cricket and Bollywood!! Attend mushairas (large gatherings for poetry readings)Attend mushairas (large gatherings for poetry readings)
• Rabindranath Tagore=Nobel Prize for Literature in Rabindranath Tagore=Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913=“My Golden Bengal”1913=“My Golden Bengal”
Folk dances are popularFolk dances are popular• Ex: Qawwali—religious devotional singingEx: Qawwali—religious devotional singing
Geography of Nepal and BhutanGeography of Nepal and Bhutan
Isolated by Himalayas Isolated by Himalayas • Steep mountain passes and year round ice Steep mountain passes and year round ice
fieldsfields• Landlocked countries—no access to the seaLandlocked countries—no access to the sea
Plus side…made it hard to conquer and Plus side…made it hard to conquer and settle colonies heresettle colonies here
Generally remained independent Generally remained independent throughout the period of European throughout the period of European imperialismimperialism
PoliticsPolitics
Historically split into small religious Historically split into small religious kingdomskingdoms
Hindu kings (Nepal) & Buddhist priests Hindu kings (Nepal) & Buddhist priests (Bhutan)(Bhutan)
Today=both are constitutional Today=both are constitutional monarchiesmonarchies• Bhutan has a king as a supreme ruler Bhutan has a king as a supreme ruler
(hereditary)(hereditary)• Nepal has a king with shared power by an Nepal has a king with shared power by an
elected parliamentelected parliament
EconomicsEconomics
Poor countries primarily based upon agriculturePoor countries primarily based upon agriculture• Poor soil, erosion and unfertile land for agriculture Poor soil, erosion and unfertile land for agriculture
howeverhowever
• Created terrace farming to try to help their situationCreated terrace farming to try to help their situation Products: rice, cotton, potatoes and wheatProducts: rice, cotton, potatoes and wheat Livestock: cattle, sheep, yaksLivestock: cattle, sheep, yaks Timber also an industry in both countriesTimber also an industry in both countries
• Deforestation (70% of Bhutan still retains forest lands)Deforestation (70% of Bhutan still retains forest lands)
Manufacturing is beginning –wool and food Manufacturing is beginning –wool and food processing productionprocessing production
Primary trading partner =IndiaPrimary trading partner =India
TourismTourism
Fascination with the Himalayas and Fascination with the Himalayas and Mt. EverestMt. Everest
Hotels, restaurants, guided tours Hotels, restaurants, guided tours (Sherpa) etc…(Sherpa) etc…
Rise in economy, but also increase in Rise in economy, but also increase in pollution and destruction of wildlifepollution and destruction of wildlife
Culture of Nepal and BhutanCulture of Nepal and Bhutan
Nepal=several different ethnic Nepal=several different ethnic groupsgroups• Ex: Indo-Nepalese Hindus, Tibetans & Ex: Indo-Nepalese Hindus, Tibetans &
Sherpa'sSherpa's Bhutan=main ethnic group=Bhote Bhutan=main ethnic group=Bhote
(also originally from Tibet) (also originally from Tibet)
ReligionReligion
Hindu and BuddhismHindu and Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama born on border Siddhartha Gautama born on border
of Nepal and Indiaof Nepal and India Mandalas=geometric designs related Mandalas=geometric designs related
to Buddhist religion (symbolism of to Buddhist religion (symbolism of universe and order)universe and order)
Monasteries –ex of Buddhist Monasteries –ex of Buddhist architecture architecture
CultureCulture
Folk art and festivalsFolk art and festivals Archery competitionsArchery competitions
History of Sri LankaHistory of Sri Lanka
The Sinhalese—migrants from the The Sinhalese—migrants from the northern plains of India crossing a strait to northern plains of India crossing a strait to the Islands of Sri Lanka around 500 BCthe Islands of Sri Lanka around 500 BC
Early civilization adopted Buddhism and Early civilization adopted Buddhism and developed irrigation systemsdeveloped irrigation systems
The Tamils—migrated to Sri Lanka around The Tamils—migrated to Sri Lanka around 300 BC and were Hindu300 BC and were Hindu
Sri Lanka was subjected to European Sri Lanka was subjected to European imperialismimperialism
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Under British Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Under British RuleRule
G. Britain controlled Sri Lanka from G. Britain controlled Sri Lanka from the 1700’s to 1948the 1700’s to 1948
Sri Lanka gained its independence in Sri Lanka gained its independence in 1972 and became a republic1972 and became a republic
Wally Points…Wally Points…
Which groups do you think would Which groups do you think would have conflict with each other in Sri have conflict with each other in Sri Lanka and why?Lanka and why?
Civil War Breaks Out on Sri LankaCivil War Breaks Out on Sri Lanka
The Tamils (minority) felt discriminated The Tamils (minority) felt discriminated againstagainst
Tamil Tigers (rebel group) called for an Tamil Tigers (rebel group) called for an independent state Tamil Eelam (Precious independent state Tamil Eelam (Precious Land of the Tamils)Land of the Tamils)
Civil War in 1980s—LTTE =a terrorist Civil War in 1980s—LTTE =a terrorist organization (invented the suicide belt organization (invented the suicide belt according to FBI sourcesaccording to FBI sources
May 2009 Sri Lanka declares the 26 year May 2009 Sri Lanka declares the 26 year conflict over when LTTE leader was killed conflict over when LTTE leader was killed
The History of the MaldivesThe History of the Maldives
Settled by Buddhists and Hindus from Sri Settled by Buddhists and Hindus from Sri Lanka around 500 BCLanka around 500 BC
Arab traders discover islands by 1100 ADArab traders discover islands by 1100 AD Arab sultans govern the Maldives and Arab sultans govern the Maldives and
spread Islamspread Islam The Maldives becomes a republic in 1968The Maldives becomes a republic in 1968 One of the world’s smallest independent One of the world’s smallest independent
countries—only 300,000 people and 115 countries—only 300,000 people and 115 square milessquare miles
Life in Sri LankaLife in Sri Lanka Most people live simplyMost people live simply Small villages and family groupsSmall villages and family groups Colombo (Capital city) is busy and urbanColombo (Capital city) is busy and urban Multi-ethnic: Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, Multi-ethnic: Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims,
ChristiansChristians Buddhist and Hindu temples, Muslim mosques Buddhist and Hindu temples, Muslim mosques
and Christian churches mark the landscapeand Christian churches mark the landscape Art and literature and festivals influenced by Art and literature and festivals influenced by
religionreligion• Kandyan dancingKandyan dancing• Annual Perahera festivalAnnual Perahera festival
Life in the MaldivesLife in the Maldives
Small villages and family groupsSmall villages and family groups Multi-ethnic: Buddhists, Hindus, Multi-ethnic: Buddhists, Hindus,
Muslims, ChristiansMuslims, Christians Official language: DivehiOfficial language: Divehi Muslim influence is strong—no other Muslim influence is strong—no other
religions allowedreligions allowed Bodu Beru (big drum music)—has Bodu Beru (big drum music)—has
strong African influences strong African influences
Take Five…Take Five…
Look at the chart on pg 586…who Look at the chart on pg 586…who are the top three producers of the are the top three producers of the world’s tea?world’s tea?
Economies of Sri Lanka and the Economies of Sri Lanka and the MaldivesMaldives
Small resources—yet, strong Small resources—yet, strong economieseconomies
Agriculturally based: rice production, Agriculturally based: rice production, tea, rubber etctea, rubber etc
Timber (deforestation), and fishing Timber (deforestation), and fishing are also part of their economies are also part of their economies
Gem mining is an industry in Sri Gem mining is an industry in Sri Lanka as wellLanka as well
TourismTourism
Problems …Problems …
Civil WarCivil War Disruption to infrastructure Disruption to infrastructure Melting of ice caps causes a rise in Melting of ice caps causes a rise in
sea levels…could completely sea levels…could completely disappear (the Maldives)disappear (the Maldives)
Chp 26 Section 1: Population Chp 26 Section 1: Population ExplosionExplosion
Population of India over 1 billionPopulation of India over 1 billion Lack of basis resources: food, Lack of basis resources: food,
shelter, water, clothing…shelter, water, clothing… Land mass 1/3 of the US…with Land mass 1/3 of the US…with
massive populationmassive population South Asia as a whole is 22% of the South Asia as a whole is 22% of the
world’s population living on 3% of the world’s population living on 3% of the world’s land areaworld’s land area
Take Five…Take Five…
Complete the skillbuilder questions Complete the skillbuilder questions on pg 594on pg 594
Results of PopulationResults of Population
PovertyPoverty Poor educationPoor education Poor sanitationPoor sanitation Poor health education (The Ganges Poor health education (The Ganges
River…)River…) Not enough $$$$$$$Not enough $$$$$$$
Take Five…Take Five…
Read pg 594…what will the gov’t in Read pg 594…what will the gov’t in India have to do to keep up?India have to do to keep up?
To keep up the gov’t in India will To keep up the gov’t in India will have to provide the following each have to provide the following each year: build 127,000 new village year: build 127,000 new village schools, hire 400,000 teachers, schools, hire 400,000 teachers, construct 2.5 mill. New homes, construct 2.5 mill. New homes, create 4 million new jobs, produce an create 4 million new jobs, produce an additional 6 million tons of foodadditional 6 million tons of food
Managing Population GrowthManaging Population Growth
Education to break the cycle of Education to break the cycle of povertypoverty
Encouraging later marriage (not 15) Encouraging later marriage (not 15) and smaller family sizesand smaller family sizes
Infant mortality rate high = 75 Infant mortality rate high = 75 deaths per 1,000deaths per 1,000
Chp 26 Section 2: Living with Chp 26 Section 2: Living with Extreme WeatherExtreme Weather
MonsoonsMonsoons Summer monsoons= June through Summer monsoons= June through
Sept. vast rains and produce floodingSept. vast rains and produce flooding Winter monsoons=Little moisture Winter monsoons=Little moisture
produce droughtproduce drought
Take Five…Take Five…
Complete the skillbuilder questions Complete the skillbuilder questions on pg 597on pg 597
CyclonesCyclones
Cyclones come with monsoon winds Cyclones come with monsoon winds creating more destructioncreating more destruction
1970 cyclones killed 300,000 people1970 cyclones killed 300,000 people Economic impact—already not Economic impact—already not
enough food and this devastation enough food and this devastation creates more povertycreates more poverty
International aid creates International aid creates overwhelming debtoverwhelming debt