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PROF. BÜNYAMİN ŞAHİNONDOKUZ MAYİS UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNEDEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY, TURKİYEBSAHİ[email protected]
Tips of Subject Selection in Researches
OUTLINEOUTLINE
1) Source for ideas2) Criteria for selecting a research problem3) Delimiting the research problem4) Research and value judgments
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Introduction
• "It is really important to do the right research as well as to do the research right. You need to do 'wow' research, research that is compelling, not just interesting." – George Springer, chairman of the aeronautics and astronautics department at Stanford
University
• Your decisions and the right research topic. Your career success will be determined by those two choices.
ResearchResearch Research is the systematic collection,
analysis and interpretation of data to answer a certain question.
Steps of Scientific ResearchSteps of Scientific Research
Ethical issues
Question Identified
Hypothesis Formed
Research Plan
Data Collection
Analyze of the Results
Conclusions
1)1) SOURCE FOR IDEASSOURCE FOR IDEAS
The problems encountered in your daily life ...Experience + Observation + Needs + Interests = Research problem
Read professional literatures ...Suggestions from investigators
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Request comments of supervisor
2)2) CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A RESEARCH CRITERIA FOR SELECTING A RESEARCH PROBLEMPROBLEM
Sustained motivation Adequate training and personal
preferences Feasibility Importance to your profession
Criteria for selecting a research problemCriteria for selecting a research problem
Sustained motivation
Are you really interested in the topic which you have chosen?Are you really excited about what you wish to study?have some practical value in helping you in your future career?
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Criteria for selecting a research problemCriteria for selecting a research problem
Adequate training and personal preferencesDo you have enough training to undertake a certain study?
Research design Manage most of your research study by yourself
Which type of research appeals to you? Historical, descriptive, experimental research… Observation, interview, questionnaire, test…
Are you impatient to getfairly immediate results or do you have patience to wait?
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Criteria for selecting a research problemCriteria for selecting a research problem
FeasibilityDo you have sufficient time to carry it out?
Meet the deadlines at your school or job.Do you have access to subjects?
Available equipment and research tools Institutional sponsorship and cooperation The need to protect privacy of individual A problem may be too complex
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Criteria for selecting a research problemCriteria for selecting a research problem
Importance to your profession
Is the proposed project has some value to your profession?
Original study Make contribution by replicating a
studyDoes it add to our store of information?Does it provide fresh insights for some of your colleagues?
The results may be helpful to guidance counselors.
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3. DELIMITING THE RESEARCH 3. DELIMITING THE RESEARCH PROBLEMPROBLEM
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Delimiting the research problemDelimiting the research problem
The way to accomplish this task: Read extensively in the literature related to your
field of interest. Seek assistance from your supervisor. Notice the difference between delimitation and
limitation.
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Delimiting the research problemDelimiting the research problem
Categories of delimitations:
1) The number of observations, subjects or cases
2) Time and geographic location3) The selection of sources (especially in
historical-documentary research)
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Delimiting the research problemDelimiting the research problem
• The most successful research topics are narrowly focused and carefully defined, but are important parts of a broad-ranging, complex problem.
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What is a “Literature Review”?What is a “Literature Review”? “…a literature review
surveys scientific articles, books, medical journals, dissertations and other sources […].”
What is a “Literature Review”?What is a “Literature Review”?
Literatures reviewLiteratures review
Problem formulation Literature search Data evaluation Analysis and interpretation
Literature review requires four stages:
WORKING WITH LITERATUREWORKING WITH LITERATURE
Working with Working with LiteratureLiterature
Working with Working with LiteratureLiterature
Find it!Find it!Find it!Find it! Manage it!Manage it!Manage it!Manage it! Use it!Use it!Use it!Use it! Review it!Review it!Review it!Review it!
Knowing the literature typesKnowing the
literature types
ReadingefficientlyReadingefficiently
Choosing your research topic
Choosing your research topic
Understanding the lit review’s purpose
Understanding the lit review’s purpose
Using available resourcesUsing available resourcesKeeping track of references
Keeping track of references
Developing your questionDeveloping your questionEnsuring adequate
coverageEnsuring adequate
coverage
Honing your search skills
Honing your search skills
Writing relevant annotationsWriting relevant annotations Arguing your
rationale Arguing your
rationale
Informing your work with theory
Informing your work with theory
Designingmethod
Designingmethod
Writingpurposefully
Writingpurposefully
Working on style and toneWorking on
style and tone
SOURCES OF LITERATURESOURCES OF LITERATURE
Journal articles:
These are good sources, especially for up-to-date information.
Depending on the publication, these materials may be refereed materials.
Sources of literatureSources of literature
Books: remember that books tend to be less up-to-date, as it takes longer for a book to be published than for a journal article.
Sources of literatureSources of literature
Conference proceedings:These can be useful in providing the latest research, or research that has not been published.
Sources of literatureSources of literature
Government/corporate reports:
Many government departments and corporations commission carry out research.
Sources of literatureSources of literature
Theses and dissertations: These can be useful sources of information.
However there are disadvantages: They can be difficult to obtain since they are not
published, but are generally only available from the library or interlibrary systems
Sources of literatureSources of literature
Internet: the fastest-growing source of information is on the Internet.
• bear in mind that anyone can post information on the Internet so the quality may not be reliable
4. RESEARCH AND VALUE JUDGMENTS4. RESEARCH AND VALUE JUDGMENTS
The reporting of findingsResearchers may choose whether or not to report their findings to fellow professionals and to laymen.Concern for the application of findingsResearchers may or may not feel responsible for the ultimate application of their findings.
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