Processing of Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor for Recovery of Zn, Mn, Co and Ni Using Solvent Extraction Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

Processing of Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor for Recovery of Zn, Mn, Co and Ni Using Solvent ExtractionInstitute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR) Bhubaneswar-751 013, Odisha, IndiaByK.C. Nathsarma

Hydro & Electrometallurgy Department: Mission & Goal To assist public / private sector organizations / industries in developing processes for extraction of metals from:Ores and concentrates. Lean, complex, off-grade ores and minerals. wastes generated by metallurgical & allied industries (tailings, residues, sludges and effluents).

Role of the DepartmentTo develop processes and products.Exploit primary and secondary resources.Employ hydro- & electro-metallurgical routes.Prepare feasibility reports.Develop basic and detailed engineering process packages.Assist in environment pollution abatement.

Atmospheric & Pressure LeachingBatch Autoclaves (300 ml 1400 L)Continuous Autoclaves (500 LPH)Stirred Tank Reactors (0.5 kL 1 kL)1400 L Autoclave for Pressure Leaching1400 L Autoclave for Pressure Leaching

Solid-Liquid Separation ThickenersFilters (Vertical leaf, Candle, Chamber)CCD Units1 ton Filter Press

1 ton Filter Press

Solvent ExtractionMixer Settlers 26 Stages 200 L/h aqueous SX Unit.

26 Stages 200 L/h Aqueous SX Unit

ElectrowinningRectifiers and PotentiostatCharge-Discharge Unit100 kg/day electrowinning Unit

100 Kg/day metal Electrowinning Cells

Membrane TechnologySupported liquid membrane (6 L/h)Reverse Osmosis, Nano-filtration & Ultra-filtration membrane integral system (1 kL/h)

Major AchievementsM/s Rubamin Pvt. Ltd.100 tpy plant was set up for recovery of cobalt from scrap/sludge M/s Shalina Corporation Ltd. 135 tpy plant was set up for cobalt carbonate M/s S.K. Enterprises & M/s Pantnagar FertilizersCopper and zinc from spent catalyst at 250 kg per day

Nickel Technology Proving Plant

Recovery of Nickel by Solvent Extraction

Nickel Bioleaching Pilot Plant at IMMT, Bhubaneswar (10 ton)One ton Nickel bioleaching of Chromite Overburden, Sukinda Bacterial Generation Tank Nickel cathode after electrowinning.Activation of COB in Rotary Kiln

Process Flowsheet

Composition of the Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor

Precipitation of metal ions from Ni-laterite leach liquor using CaCO3

pH% Fepptd.%Nipptd.%Copptd.%Crpptd.%Alpptd.%Mn,pptd.%Znpptd.2.5150.39001.518.37023.792.9384.0404.9225.1717.51.825.133.5092.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.803.9699.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.814.431005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.795.041006.6816.7479.0697.6010.3178.665.5710026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.836.0410059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.116.5610088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.117.0010096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11

Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from the Ni-laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3

Chart55

1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025

0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007

0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998

0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971

0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904

00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287

00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083

00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012

00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56

00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957

[Fe], kg/m3

[Ni], kg/m3

[Co], kg/m3

[Cr], kg/m3

[Al], kg/m3

[Mn], kg/m3

[Zn], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal], kg/m3

Chart1

Chart1

1.511925.92

1.486327.18

0.157392.29

0.020499

0.008499.59

0.00299.9

0.000199.995

0.000017100

0100

0100

0100

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

%Fe pptd.

pH of the leach liquor

[Fe(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Fe(III)

Fig.1. Precipitation of Fe(III) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor by CaCO3.

Chart2

Chart2

1.3323.25

1.326723.44

1.323523.62

1.321923.71

0.710259.01

0.097694.37

0.003799.79

0.004499.75

0.002299.87

0.002199.88

0.001699.91

[Al(III)], kg/m3

% Al pptd.


[Al(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Al(III)

Fig.2.Precipitation of Al(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart3

0.29270

0.28751.78

0.247615.41

0.205629.76

0.129155.89

0.058480.05

0.050782.68

0.046384.18

0.029190.06

0.02392.14

0.01495.22

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

%Cr(III) pptd.


[Cr(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Cr(III)

Fig.3.Precipitation of Cr(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart4

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.54853.53

0.478915.78

0.374634.12

0.323943.04

0.220661.2

0.097982.78

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

% Ni(II) pptd.


[Ni(II)], kg/m3

%Precipitation of Ni(II)

Fig.4.Preciitation of Ni(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart5

0.1610

0.1610

0.1610

0.1610

0.1544.35

0.1488.07

0.137714.47

0.11429.19

0.137.89

0.07553.42

0.033879.01

[Co(II)],kg/m3

%Co(II)pptd.


[Co(II)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Co(II)

Fig.5.Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart6

0.05820

0.05820

0.05890

0.05820

0.05830

0.05820

0.05476.01

0.020864.26

0.002595.7

0.00198.28

0.000399.48

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

%Zn(II)pptd.


[Zn(II)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Zn(II)

Fig.6.Precipitation of Zn(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart7

Chart7

0.90060

0.90060

0.90060

0.90060

0.90040.02

0.90040.02

0.87063.33

0.84196.52

0.7714.5

0.722.27

0.64728.16

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

% Mn pptd.


[Mn(II), kg/m3

% Precipitation of Mn(II)

Fig.7.Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart8

25.9223.2500000

27.1823.441.780000

92.2923.6215.410000

9923.7129.760000

99.5959.0155.8904.3500.02

99.994.3780.053.538.0700.02

99.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33

10099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52

10099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5

10099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27

10099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16

%Fe pptd.

% Al pptd.

%Cr(III) pptd.

% Ni(II) pptd.

%Co(II)pptd.

%Zn(II)pptd.

% Mn pptd.

pH of leach liquor

% Precipitation of metal ions

Fig.8. Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3 (First Batch).

Chart9

1.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006

1.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006

0.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006

0.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006

0.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004

0.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004

0.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706

0.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419

00.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77

00.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7

00.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Meta ion], kg/m3

Fig.9.Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach iquor using CaCO3 . First Batch

Chart10

Chart10

0.90050.50990.13740.047880.03109

0.89450.50740.13580.047010.03109

0.87750.50360.13490.046190.03062

0.8750.50290.13410.04510.03055

0.8530.50020.13290.04390.03016

0.850.4980.13150.043310.03003

0.8470.490.13130.041560.02954

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions in CaCO3 treated solution with 10% lime slurry.

Chart11

0.8830.510.13990.048580.03274

0.880.50920.13970.047010.03263

0.8630.50840.13580.046190.03223

0.8540.50680.13440.045770.03216

0.85350.48750.13310.044870.03206

0.850.48820.13180.043730.03194

0.8470.4880.13030.042760.02979

pH of the solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated leach liquor with 10% lime slurry

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.11. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with NaOH.

Chart12

0.86550.44920.16120.050430.3281

0.84450.44850.15620.050360.3251

0.83730.43620.15140.044890.3277

0.80150.42250.15010.025460.3222

0.79150.3450.112800.02953

0.61750.05470.0053800.00846

0.08840.000420.0001300.00074

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.12. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO (at higher pH).

Chart13

0.950.45140.16130.0480.0361

0.9430.44430.15250.04790.03514

0.9240.4440.15140.04510.03423

0.9160.44250.14790.04330.03412

0.91050.4250.14120.04110.0338

0.90.4150.13530.03830.0327

0.88150.410.1340.03630.032

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.13.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S.

Chart14

Chart14

0.86550.47320.16170.047710.02168

0.85050.45610.15820.035690.0209

0.8440.43990.15110.027160.01925

0.8340.42120.14610.016690.0185

0.7710.39210.10350.013230.0181

0.194500.000120.00010.00042

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion],kg/m3

Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).

Chart15

1.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391

1.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382

1.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405

0.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241

0.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064

0.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333

0.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066

0.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074

0.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072

0.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007

pH of solution

[Meatal ion], kg/m3

Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCo3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.15. Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry.

Chart16

Chart16

0.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266

0.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222

0.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012

0.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802

0.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592

0.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325

0.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)],kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ion],kg/m3

Fig.16.Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment (at higher pH).

Chart17

16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

%Fe pptn.

%Mn pptn.

%Cu pptn.

%Ni pptn.

%Co pptn.

%Zn pptn.

%Cr pptn.

%Al pptn.

pH of the solution

Precipitation of metal ions

Fig.17. %Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment.

Chart18

Chart18

12.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46

14.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84

15.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88

18.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88

19.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91

37.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93

91.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94

%Mn pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

% Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

% Al pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.18. % Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO (at higher pH).

Chart19

16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Fe pptd.

%Mn pptd.

%Cu pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

%Al pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.19. % Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry.

Chart20

5.682.67.734.8987.76

12.025.148.2239.5187.83

13.545.419.1340.587.87

14.76.1610.2140.587.87

16.127.5114.5846.687.95

16.687.8414.8647.0987.98

16.788.1715.3750.0687.98

%Mn, pptd.

%Ni, pptd.

%Co, pptd.

% Zn, pptd.

% Cr, pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.20. % Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO.

Chart21

000

0.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302

0.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241

0.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193

0.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166

0.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153

0.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136

0.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)],

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)],

[Cr(III)],

[Al(III)], kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.21. Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-Laterite leach liquor with MgO.

Chart22

Chart22

4.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97

4.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15

6.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67

6.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76

7.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17

7.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43

13.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63

29.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73

%Mn pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

% Fe pptd.

%Al pptd.

%Cu pptd.

pH of solution


Fig.22. %Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart23

2.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504

2.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995

0.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795

0.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471

0.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464

0.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456

0.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695

0.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114

[Fe(III)], kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.23. Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor.

Chart24

5.43

14.13

48.7

67.5

71.3

73.15

74.34

75.11

77.6

78.04

78.8

81.52

% Zn extn.

Equilibrium pH

% Zn extraction

Fig.24. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.

Chart25

Chart25

-1.2403

-0.783

-0.023

0.317

0.3953

0.48

0.462

0.4796

0.5398

0.551

0.57

0.645

logDZn

Equilibrium pH

Log DZn

Fig.25. Plot of Log DZn Vs. equilibrium pH.

y = 1.2574x - 2.4693R2 = 0.9893

Chart26

0.0167000.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.065

0.02050.3420.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.0650.057

0.027

0.0392

0.0756

0.1396

0.2082

0.2744

0.342

Equilibrium pH

Log DZn

Fig.25. Plot of equilibrium pH Vs.Log DZn.

O:A=1:3.8, 3-stages

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

Fig.26. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.

Chart27

2.62

46.15

75

89.39

95

98.11

98.84

[H2SO4] : 0.5 - 20.0 kg/m3

% Zn stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Zn stripping

Fig.27. Stripping of Zn-LO with H2SO4.

Chart28

0.175001.541.540.59

0.3441.541.541.540.590.59

0.705

1.0477

1.1868

1.2413

1.615

O:A = 9:2, 2-stages

0.344 kg/m3 Zn

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.28. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Zn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart29

0

0

0

20.09

49.55

64.29

83.93

87.41

90.45

90.89

91.16

%Mn extd.

Equilibrium pH

%Mn extracted

Fig.29.Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart30

52.23

76.6

90.63

94.69

98.95

99.5

%Mn extracted

[Extractant], M

% Mn extracted

Fig.30. Effect of [NaD2EHPA] on extraction of Mn.

Chart31

001.3751.3750.70.70.02

0.27871.3751.3751.3750.70.70.020.02

0.349

0.466

0.6913

1.2525

1.375

O:A = 1:3, 3-stages

Mn =1.4 kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

Fig.31. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart32

50.39001.518.37023.795.18

84.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.17

92.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.11

99.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.48

1005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.86

1006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.02

10026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.44

10059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.44

10088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.86

10096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100

% Fe pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Cr pptd.

%Al pptd.

%Mn, pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cu pptd.

pH of solution

% Precipitation

Fig.32. %Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart33

8

9.29

51.04

68.83

71.82

%Mn extd.

EquilibriumpH

% Mn extraction

Fig.33. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.25 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart34

-0.9897

0.018

0.344

0.4063

Log DMn

Equilibrium pH

LogDMn

Fig.34.Plot of Log DMn Vs. equilibrium pH.

Chart35

6.110

5.990.142

22.43

61.12

87.29

93.6

%Mn extracted

[Extractant], M

%Mn extraction

Fig.35. Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.

Chart36

03.639.279.9525.806.3999.894793.83

0.03270.1423.9692.2912.3927.810.08187.0199.9881.1399.11

0.0409

0.0545

0.08

0.142

O:A = 1:0.85, 2-stages

Mn = 0.1636 kg/m3

O:A = 2:1, 2-stages

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

2.94

5.05

8.11

25.13

5.91

99.88

18.04

78.66

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3


Chart37

7.8

33.57

88.87

99.43

99.68

99.68

%Mnstripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Mn stripping

Fig.37.Stripping of Mn-LO with H2SO4.

Chart38

Chart38

1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025

0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007

0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998

0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971

0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904

00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287

00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083

00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012

00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56

00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957

[Fe], kg/m3

[Ni], kg/m3

[Co], kg/m3

[Cr], kg/m3

[Al], kg/m3

[Mn], kg/m3

[Zn], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal], kg/m3

Fig.59. Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart39

0.0159001.41571.41570.15

0.01951.41571.41571.41570.150.15

0.0264

0.0349

0.0264

0.1566

0.3095

0.5738

0.8881

1.1481

1.5233

O:A = 9:1, 2-stages

[Mn] = 0.1573 kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.39.McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart40

0

0

0

6.3

42.82

48.7

56.54

59.07

60.72

62.96

67.79

68.08

74.15

%Co extd.

Equilibrium pH

%Co extraction

Fig.40. Effect of eqilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt with 0.005 M NaCyanex 272.

Chart41

0.1593

0.1891

0.2303

0.323

0.329

0.4576

0.005M Cyanex 272

Log DCo

Equilibrium pH

Log DCo

Fig.41. Plot of Log DCo vs. equilibrium pH in extraction of Cobalt.

y = 1.5531x - 10.753R2 = 0.8747

Chart42

53.36

61.48

72.56

86.34

90.75

%Co extraction

[NaCyanex 272], M

%Co extraction

Fig.42.Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt.

Chart43

0.0033000.016980.016980.00080.0008

0.00420.016980.016980.016980.00080.00080.0008

0.0055

0.0081

0.0149

0.0169

[Co]Aq.= 0.1698 kg/m3

O:A = 1:1, 2-stages

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq.,kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

Fig.43.McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt using 0.0125M Cyanex 272.

Chart44

0.0056

0.0187

0.02

0.0201

0.0201

0.02

0.02

0.5 - 2.0 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[CoSO4], kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.44.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at 1:1 phase ratio.

Chart45

0.1258

0.184

0.2

0.2

0.2005


[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[CoSO4 solution], kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.45. Scrubbing off Ni from Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A ratio of 10:1.

Chart46

26.53

68.05

88.67

95.5

100

100

100

100

100

1 - 25 kg/m3 H2SO4

%Co stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Co stripping

Fig.46.Stripping of Co-LO with H2SO4.

Chart47

0.37200991.55

0.7449991.551.55

1.484

2.964

4.4108

5.96

7.0313

8.0125

9.2

O:A = 12:1, 2-stages

[Co]LO : 0.75 kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.47. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 60 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart48

17.95

59.02

61.8

65.72

75.72

99.84

99.92

99.92

0.2 - 2.0 N Oxalic Acid

%Co stripped

[Oxalic Acid], N

%Co stripping

Fig.48. Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic acid.

Chart49

0.248003330.39

0.371333330.390.39

0.7463

1.4975

2.195

2.7475

3.1163

O:A = 4:1, 2-Stages

[Co]LO = 0.75 kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.49. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic acid.

Chart50

24.59

60.37

66.76

72.72

74.31

75.06

77.56

77.83

78.23

78.3

79.55

80.37

%Ni extn.

Equilibrium pH

% Ni extraction

Fig.50. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.

Chart51

-0.487

0.1827

0.303

0.426

0.461

0.478

0.538

0.545

0.555

0.557

0.59

0.612

Dni

Equilibrium pH

Log DNi

Fig.51. Plot of equilibrium pH versus Log DNi.

Chart52

1.25

17.9

60.92

92.5

98.65

99.12

%Ni extd.

[NaD2EHPA], M

%Ni extraction

Fig.52 Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Ni.

Chart53

-1.8996

-0.661

0.193

1.091

1.865

2.052

Log Dni

Log[Extractant]

Log DNi

Fig.53. Plot of Log DNi Vs. Log[Extractant].

Chart54

0.166200.640.640.640.12

0.24920.6400.640.120.12

0.4972

0.7045

[Ni]Aq.,0.5013 kg/m3

O:A = 4:5, 2-stages

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

Fig.54. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Ni with 0.12 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart 38

0.0401

0.059

0.0799

0.1

0.1026

0.1063

0.1078

0.1151

0.1256

O:A = 2:1 to 10:1

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

O:A ratio

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.55.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with 7.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.

Chart57

8.82

29.65

69.25

75.58

96.36

99.34

99.34

99.34

0.5 - 20 kg/m3 H2SO4

%Ni stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Ni stripping

Fig.55. Stripping of Ni-LO with H2SO4.

Chart58

0.75006.046.046.041.1

0.37386.046.046.041.11.11.1

1.5075

3.0188

4.4469

5.3469

6.1031

[Ni]LO = 0.755 kg/m3

O:A = 8:1, 2-stages

[Ni]Aq., k/m3

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.58. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Ni-LO with 20 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Sheet1

Precipitation of Fe(III) with CaCO3[Fe(III)] in solution =2.041 kg/m3

pH of Soln.

pH of Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3%Fe pptd.

2.261.511925.922.26

2.561.486327.182.56

2.730.157392.292.73

3.530.0204993.53

3.810.008499.593.81

4.30.00299.94.3

5.810.000199.9955.81

6.30.0000171006.3

6.4701006.47

6.8201006.82

7.0701007.07

Precipitation of Al 3+ with CaCO3{Al(III)] in solution=1.7328 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Al(III)], kg/m3% Al pptd.

2.261.3323.25

2.561.326723.44

2.731.323523.62

3.531.321923.71

3.810.710259.01

4.30.097694.37

5.810.003799.79

6.30.004499.75

6.470.002299.87

6.820.002199.88

7.070.001699.91

Precipitation of Cr(III) with CaCO3[Cr(III)] in solution= 0.2655 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Cr(III)],kg/m3%Cr(III) pptd.

2.260.29270

2.560.28751.78

2.730.247615.41

3.530.205629.76

3.810.129155.89

4.30.058480.05

5.810.050782.68

6.30.046384.18

6.470.029190.06

6.820.02392.14

7.070.01495.22

Precipitation of Ni(II) with CaCO3 from nickel; laterite bacterial leach liquor[Ni] in leach liquor=0.5116

pH Soln.[Ni(II)], kg/m3% Ni(II) pptd.

2.260.56860

2.560.56860

2.730.56860

3.530.56860

3.810.56860

4.30.54853.53

5.810.478915.78

6.30.374634.12

6.470.323943.04

6.820.220661.2

7.070.097982.78

Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Co(II)] in solution=0.1763 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Co(II)],kg/m3%Co(II)pptd.

2.260.1610

2.560.1610

2.730.1610

3.530.1610

3.810.1544.35

4.30.1488.07

5.810.137714.47

6.30.11429.19

6.470.137.89

6.820.07553.42

7.070.033879.01

Precipitation of Zn(II) from nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Zn(II)] in solution=0.0582

pH Soln.[Zn(II)], kg/m3%Zn(II)pptd.

2.260.05820

2.560.05820

2.730.05890

3.530.05820

3.810.05830

4.30.05820

5.810.05476.01

6.30.020864.26

6.470.002595.7

6.820.00198.28

7.070.000399.48

Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.[Mn(II)] in solution =0.9006 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3% Mn pptd.

2.260.90060

2.560.90060

2.730.90060

3.530.90060

3.810.90040.02

4.30.90040.02

5.810.87063.33

6.30.84196.52

6.470.7714.5

6.820.722.27

7.070.64728.16

Percentage precipitation of Fe, Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Mnon treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor

pH Soln.%Fe pptd.% Al pptd.%Cr(III) pptd.% Ni(II) pptd.%Co(II)pptd.%Zn(II)pptd.% Mn pptd.

2.2625.9223.2500000

2.5627.1823.441.780000

2.7392.2923.6215.410000

3.539923.7129.760000

3.8199.5959.0155.8904.3500.02

4.399.994.3780.053.538.0700.02

5.8199.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33

6.310099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52

6.4710099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5

6.8210099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27

7.0710099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16

Concentration of metal ions in nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor after treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor

pH Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Mn(II)], kg/m3

2.261.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006

2.561.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006

2.730.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006

3.530.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006

3.810.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004

4.30.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004

5.810.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706

6.30.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419

6.4700.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77

6.8200.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7

7.0700.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647

Precipitation of Metal Ions from CaCO3 precipitated Solution with 10% lime slurry with10% lime slurryFirst Batch of Leach Liquor

pH Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3

4.60.90050.50990.13740.047880.031090.0018930.015130.002471

4.920.89450.50740.13580.047010.031090.0000250.00072190.002227

5.230.87750.50360.13490.046190.0306200.0050610.002018

5.510.8750.50290.13410.04510.0305500.0032660.001848

6.180.8530.50020.13290.04390.0301600.0018720.001064

6.40.850.4980.13150.043310.0300300.0015280.000805

70.8470.490.13130.041560.0295400.0013750.000312

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with NaOH


4.580.8830.510.13990.048580.032740.0019520.002742

50.880.50920.13970.047010.032630.0015560.0063020.002587

5.760.8630.50840.13580.046190.032230.0006250.0011840.001866

6.060.8540.50680.13440.045770.032160.0003840.00084030.001354

6.330.85350.48750.13310.044870.032060.0000580.0007830.000937

6.740.850.48820.13180.043730.031940.0000150.00070660.000563

70.8470.4880.13030.042760.0297900.00063020.000338

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with MgO (higher pH)


5.010.86550.44920.16120.050430.32810.0006120.00750.00217

6.160.84450.44850.15620.050360.32510.0002930.002140.00128

6.940.83730.43620.15140.044890.32770.0000460.001660.00584

7.50.80150.42250.15010.025460.32220.0000270.001620.00014

7.90.79150.3450.112800.029530.0000240.001260.000064

8.340.61750.05470.0053800.008460.0000210.001010.00006

90.08840.000420.0001300.000740.0000180.000860.000053

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3precipitated solution with Na2S


4.430.950.45140.16130.0480.03610.002050.02380.00184

4.840.9430.44430.15250.04790.035140.000360.01070.000097

5.710.9240.4440.15140.04510.034230.000060.002290

60.9160.44250.14790.04330.034120.000050.00216

6.420.91050.4250.14120.04110.03380.0000480.0020

6.740.90.4150.13530.03830.03270.000040.00160

70.88150.410.1340.03630.032

Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH)

pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3

4.720.86550.47320.16170.047710.021680.0003670.022960.00037

5.970.85050.45610.15820.035690.02090.000090.002990.000025

6.460.8440.43990.15110.027160.019250.0000850.0021390.000024

6.950.8340.42120.14610.016690.01850.0000780.001760.000022

7.50.7710.39210.10350.013230.01810.0000540.001410.00002

8.750.194500.000120.00010.000420.000040.0011650.000018

Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry

pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3

2.171.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391

2.351.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382

2.541.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405

3.110.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241

3.480.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064

4.460.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333

5.330.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066

5.760.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074

7.030.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072

7.250.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007

Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with 10% lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment

pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3

5.010.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266

6.330.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222

6.810.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012

7.130.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802

8.340.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592

90.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325

100.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172

% Pecipitation of metal ions from ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment

pH%Fe pptn.%Mn pptn.%Cu pptn.%Ni pptn.%Co pptn.%Zn pptn.%Cr pptn.%Al pptn.

2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated leach Liquor with MgO (at higher pH)

pH%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.% Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Al pptd.

5.0112.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46

6.1614.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84

6.9415.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88

7.518.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88

7.919.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91

8.3437.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93

991.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94

Percentage precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using lime slurry

Equil.% Fe%Mn%Cu%Ni%Co%Zn%Cr%Al

pHpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.

2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated Leach Liquor with MgO

pH of Soln.%Mn, pptd.%Ni,%Co, pptd.% Zn,% Cr,

pptd.pptd.pptd.

4.855.682.67.734.8987.76

5.6212.025.148.2239.5187.83

5.8213.545.419.1340.587.87

6.0314.76.1610.2140.587.87

6.4216.127.5114.5846.687.95

6.8616.687.8414.8647.0987.98

7.0816.788.1715.3750.0687.98

Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO

pH of Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)],[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)],[Cr(III)],[Al(III)], kg/m3

kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3

4.850.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302

5.620.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241

5.820.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193

6.030.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166

6.420.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153

6.860.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136

7.080.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122

Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at higher pH)

pHFe(III),kg/m3[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3

5.030.0014360.90050.44290.16080.048310.0020320.005825

6.070.0003490.86950.42750.15040.047390.0018840.001413

70.0000530.83950.40970.14320.042760.0017840.0008212

7.990.0000190.8120.31980.10410.000220.0012890.0006875

8.1500.64450.07490.0181500.0009560.0004011

8.3300.58250.04370.0113700.0007240.0003247

8.500.55250.01430.0052800.0005460.0009992

900.3070.0015770.0034800.0004390.000191

% Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at higher pH)

pH%Fe pptd.%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.%Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.%Al pptd.

5.0399.938.6713.438.7920.5399.2399.58

6.0799.9811.8216.4414.6921.8999.2999.89

799.99714.8619.9218.7729.5299.3399.94

7.9999.99917.6537.4940.9599.6499.5199.95

8.1510034.6385.3689.7110099.6499.97

8.3310040.9291.4693.5510099.7399.98

8.510043.9797.29710099.7999.93

910068.8699.6998.0310099.8399.99

%Precipitation of metal ions from the New Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3

Second Batch Leach Liquor

pH of soln.%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.%Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Fe pptd.%Al pptd.%Cu pptd.

2.124.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97

2.944.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15

3.636.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67

3.966.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76

4.437.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17

5.917.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43

6.3913.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63

7.0129.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73

Table 20 . Precipitation of metal ions from Ni-laterite leach liquor using CaCO3.Second Batch Leach Liquor

pH of[Fe(III)],[Al(III)],[Cr(III)],[Ni(II)],[Co(II)],[Zn(II)],[Mn(II)],

Solutionkg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3

2.122.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504

2.942.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995

3.630.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795

3.960.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471

4.430.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464

5.910.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456

6.390.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695

7.010.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114

Extraction of Zn from the second batch of Ni-laterite solution after CaCO3 treatment

Equil.% ZnInitialEquil.[Zn]Raff.,[Zn]Org.,DLog D% Zn

pHextn.pHpHkg/m3kg/m3extn.

0.95.4310.90.0870.0050.0575-1.24035.43

1.4714.131.481.470.0790.0130.165-0.78314.13

1.9648.72.011.960.04720.04480.949-0.02348.7

2.1967.52.512.190.02990.06212.0770.31767.5

2.2871.332.280.02640.06562.48480.395371.3

2.3173.153.462.310.02290.06913.0170.4873.15

2.3274.343.982.320.02360.06842.8980.46274.34

2.3375.114.422.330.02290.06913.01750.479675.15

2.4177.65.22.410.02060.07143.4660.539877.6

2.4278.045.752.420.02020.07183.5540.55178.04

2.4378.86.322.430.01950.07253.7180.5778.8

2.4581.526.762.450.0170.0754.4120.64581.52

Equil.pHlogDZn

0.9-1.2403

1.47-0.783

1.96-0.023

2.190.317

2.280.3953

2.310.48

2.320.462

2.330.4796

2.410.5398

2.420.551

2.430.57

2.450.645

McCabe-Thiele plot for Zn extraction

Vol. of OrganicVol. ofEquilibriumO:A ratio[Zn]Aq.,[Zn]Org.,

AqueouspHkg/m3kg/m3

24242.451:010.01640.0756

16322.531:020.02220.1396

32162.32:010.01360.0392

12362.761:030.02260.2082

36122.233:010.01090.027

9.638.42.871:040.02340.2744

38.49.62.194:010.01010.0205

84031:050.02360.342

4082.165:010.00840.0167

[Zn]Aq.,kg/m3[Zn]Org., kg/m30.0920000.0920.3420.02360.3420.02360.0880.01770.0880.01770.0650.01550.065

0.00840.01670.0920.3420.0920.3420.02360.3420.02360.0880.01770.0880.01770.0650.01550.0650.01550.057

0.01010.0205

0.01090.027

0.01360.0392Stripping of Zn-loaded organic phase with H2SO4

0.01640.0756

0.02220.1396[H2SO4], kg/m3[Zn]SS, kg/m3% Zn stripping[H2SO4], kg/m3% Zn stripping

0.02260.20820.50.0092.620.52.62

0.02340.274410.158846.15146.15

0.02360.34220.25875275

50.307589.39589.39

100.3268951095

150.337598.111598.11

200.3498.842098.84

Stripping isotherm of Zn with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Vol. ofVol. ofO:A[Zn]Raff.,[Zn]Org.,[Zn]Org., kg/m3[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

Org.Aq.ratiokg/m3kg/m300.1750.3440000.3441.540.1331.540.1330.59

18181:010.3410.00300.3440.3441.540.3441.540.1331.540.1330.5900.59

24122:010.705000.705

2793:011.0477001.0477

28.8724:011.18680.04730.04731.1868

3065:011.24130.09570.09571.2413

12241:020.17500.14211.615

3248:011.6150.1421

Effect of pH on extraction of Mn from the Zn-free raffinate.

Equil.% Mn extractedEquil.pH%Mn extd.

pH0.580

0.5800.690

0.6901.840

1.8403.0320.09

3.0320.094.1649.55

4.1649.554.4964.29

4.4964.295.3783.93

5.3783.935.687.41

5.687.415.8990.45

5.8990.456.0390.89

6.0390.896.1891.16

6.1891.16

Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn.

[NaD2EHPA],Equil.[Mn],% Mn[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn extracted

MpHkg/m3extracted0.0552.23

0.055.350.668852.230.07576.6

0.0755.590.327576.60.190.63

0.15.90.131390.630.1594.69

0.067594.690.067594.690.298.95

0.26.40.014898.950.2599.5

0.256.650.006999.5

McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn with 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.

O:A[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org.,[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m3

ratiokg/m31.40001.41.3750.71251.3750.71250.70.020.70.020.02

1:010.14751.25250.00640.27871.41.3751.41.3750.71251.3750.71250.70.020.70.020.0200.02

1:020.71251.3750.00410.349

2:010.01740.69130.00210.466

1:031.03131.10630.01740.6913

3:010.00210.4660.14751.2525

1:041.21880.7250.71251.375

4:010.00410.349

1:051.3250.375

5:010.00640.2787

Third Batch of Leach Liquor

Pecipitation of impurities from the third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.Third Batch of Leach Liquor

PH% Fe%Ni%Co%Cr%Al%Mn,%Zn%CuPH[Fe],[Ni],[Co],[Cr],[Al],[Mn],[Zn],

pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3

2.5150.39001.518.37023.795.182.511.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025

2.9384.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.172.930.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007

3.592.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.113.50.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998

3.9699.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.483.960.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971

4.431005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.864.430.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904

5.041006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.025.0400.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287

5.5710026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.445.5700.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083

6.0410059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.446.0400.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012

6.5610088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.866.5600.05110.00230.01630.00170.06490.0012

710096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100700.01390.00080.00440.00130.02950.0012

Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn with0.25 M D2EHPA.

Equil.%MnEquil. pH%Mn extd.

pHextn.1.678

1.6782.989.29

2.989.295.5351.04

5.5351.045.9468.83

5.9468.836.1371.82

6.1371.82

Equil. pHLog DMn

Second Batch Leach Liquor

2.98-0.9897

5.530.018

5.940.344pH of[Fe(III)],[Al(III)],[Cr(III)],[Ni(II)],[Co(II)],[Zn(II)],[Mn(II)],

6.130.4063Solutionkg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3

2.122.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504

McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.2.942.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995

3.630.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795

3.960.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471

[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn[NaD2EHPA], M%Mn extracted4.430.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464

extn.0.0056.115.910.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456

0.0056.110.015.996.390.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695

0.015.990.0222.437.010.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114

0.0222.430.0361.12

0.0361.120.0487.29

0.0487.290.0593.6Table 23 . %Precipitation of metal ions from second batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with

0.0593.6CaCO3.

pH of%Fe% Al%Cr(III)% Ni(II)%Co(II)%Zn(II)% Mn

Solutionpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.

O:A[Mn]Aq.,[Mn]Org.,,[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m32.124.612.8211.256.836.4723.794.48

ratiokg/m3kg/m32.946.675.0513.318.116.9325.134.76

1:010.02160.1420.000080.03270.1636003.6381.259.2757.669.957.825.86.03

1:020.13680.05360.000070.04090.16360.1420.16363.9697.292.2976.1812.398.4327.816.57

2:010.00370.080.00020.05454.4399.9897.8798.0313.518.8432.797.02

1:030.160.01080.00370.085.9199.9999.8898.4718.0415.6978.667.53

3:010.00020.05450.02160.1420.1636006.3999.9999.8998.474727.4593.8313.02

1:040.16140.00880.16360.08180.16367.0199.9999.9898.9181.1358.6699.1129.25

4:010.000070.0409

1:050.16180.009

5:010.000080.0327

Stripping of Mn-loaded D2EHPA (0.04M NaD2EHPA)

[H2SO4],% Mn[H2SO4], kg/m3%Mnstripping

kg/m3stripping0.27.8

0.27.80.533.57

0.533.57188.87

188.871.599.43

1.599.43299.68

299.682.599.68

2.599.68

McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-loaded D2EHPA.(0.04 M NaD2EHPA)

O:A[Mn]Org., kg/m3[Mn]Aq., kg/m3[Mn]Org., kg/m3[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

ratio00.01590.15730000.15731.41570.0171.41570.0170.15

1:010.00070.156600.01950.15731.41570.15731.41570.0171.41570.0170.1500.15

1:020.00050.078400.0264

1:040.00030.03930.00030.0349

1:060.00010.02640.00050.0264

1:0800.01950.00070.1566

1:1000.01590.00260.3095

2:010.00260.30950.00590.5738

4:010.01390.57380.00930.8881

6:010.00930.88810.01381.1481

8:010.01381.14810.0181.5233

10:010.0051.5233

Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt using 0.005 M naCyanex 272

Equil. pH[Co],% CoEquil.pH%Co extd.

kg/m3extn.1.080

1.080.01701.590

1.590.01701.920

1.920.01702.836.3

2.830.01596.35.4742.82

5.470.009742.826.3548.7

6.350.008748.76.7956.54

6.790.007456.54759.07

70.00759.077.0660.72

7.060.006760.727.1162.96

7.110.006362.967.1367.79

7.130.005567.797.1468.08

7.140.005468.087.1974.15

7.190.004474.15

Equil.

pHLog DCoEquil.pHLog DCo

1.08-

1.59-

1.92-

2.83-1.1726

5.47-0.1255

6.35-0.0225

6.790.1142

70.159370.1593

7.060.18917.060.1891

7.110.23037.110.2303

7.130.3237.130.323

7.140.3297.140.329

7.190.45767.190.4576

Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt

[NaCyanex 272], MEquil.[Co],% Co[NaCyanex 272], M%Co extraction

pHkg/m3extn.0.00553.36

0.0056.750.007953.360.005561.48

0.00556.860.006561.480.007572.56

0.00756.950.004772.560.0186.34

0.017.080.002386.340.012590.75

0.01257.220.001690.75

McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt with 0.0125 M Cyanex 272.

O:A[Co]Aq ,[Co]Org.,[Co]Aq., kg/m3[Co]Org., kg/m3

ratiokg/m3kg/m30.00020.0033

1:010.00210.01490.00040.0042

1:020.00850.01690.00040.00550.16980000.16980.016980.0080.016980.0080.0008

2:010.00080.00810.00080.00810.16980.016980.16980.016980.0080.016980.0080.000800.0008

1:030.01440.00780.00210.0149

3:010.00040.00550.00850.0169

1:040.01690.0005

4:010.00040.0042

1:050.01690.0003

5:010.00020.0033

[CoSO4], kg/m3Equil.[Ni]Aq., kg/m3[Co]Aq.,[Co]Org.,[CoSO4], kg/m3[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

pHkg/m3kg/m30.50.0056

0.56.40.00560.18850.32850.750.0187

0.756.220.01870.25390.513110.02

16.080.020.31750.69951.250.0201

1.2560.02010.4450.8221.50.0201

1.55.990.02010.660.8571.750.02

1.755.960.020.89250.87451.95950.02

1.95955.940.021.10940.8671

Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A=10:1

[CoSO4], kg/m3Equil.O:A[Ni]Aq.,[Co]Aq.,[Co]Org.,[CoSO4], kg/m3[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

pHratiokg/m3kg/m3kg/m37.50.1258

7.55.710:010.12582.550.498100.184

105.7510:010.1843.21250.678512.50.2

12.55.7510:010.24.640.786150.2

155.7510:010.26.7250.827517.50.2005

17.55.7610:010.20056.15121.1345

Stripping of cobalt from Co-LO with H2SO4.

[H2SO4], kg/m3pH of H2SO4Equil.[Co],%Co[H2SO4], kg/m3%Co stripping

pHkg/m3stripping126.53

11.833.220.19926.53468.05

41.3430.510468.05788.67

71.172.880.66588.671095.5

101.12.660.687591.6713100

131.082.420.7510016100

160.972.40.7510019100

190.892.390.7510022100

220.832.380.7510025100

250.812.390.75100

Stripping of Co-LO with 60 gpl H2SO4.

O:A[Co] Aq.,[Co] Org.,[Co]Org., kg/m3[Co]Aq., kg/m3

ratiokg/m3kg/m30.0060.372

1:010.7440.0070.0070.744

1:020.3720.0060.0081.4840.750000.7590.12890.1281.55

2:011.4840.0080.0092.9640.7590.7590.12890.1281.5501.55

4:012.9640.0090.00954.4108

6:014.41080.00950.015.96

8:015.960.010.04697.0313

10:017.03130.04690.08238.0125

12:018.01250.08230.13679.2

15:019.20.1367

Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic Acid

[Oxalic Acid], N%Co[Oxalic Acid], N%Co stripped

0.02stripping0.0217.95

0.0517.950.0559.02

0.159.020.161.8

0.261.80.265.72

0.465.720.475.72

0.875.720.899.84

1.599.841.599.92

299.92299.92

99.92

McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic Acid.

O:A[Co] Org.,[Co] Aq.,[Co]Org., kg/m3[Co]Aq., kg/m3

ratiokg/m3kg/m300.248

1:010.00380.746300.37130.750000.7530.130.10.39

1:020.00750.371300.74630.7530.7530.130.10.3900.39

2:010.00131.49750.00131.4975

3:010.01842.1950.01842.195

4:010.06312.74750.06312.7475

5:010.12683.11630.12683.1163

1:030.0060.248

Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.

Equil.[Ni] Aq.,% NiEquil.pH%Ni extn.

pHkg/m3extn.5.5824.59

5.580.37824.596.3160.37

6.310.198660.376.5766.76

6.570.166666.766.7772.72

6.770.136872.726.8974.31

6.890.128874.316.9675.06

6.960.12575.06777.56

70.112577.567.0777.83

7.070.111177.837.178.23

7.10.109178.237.1178.3

7.110.108878.37.1379.55

7.130.102579.557.1680.37

7.160.098480.37

Correlation of equilibrium pH with Log Dni

Equil. pHDni

5.58-0.487

6.310.1827

6.570.303

6.770.426

6.890.461

6.960.478

70.538

7.070.545

7.10.555

7.110.557

7.130.59

7.160.612

[NaD2EPHA], M[Ni]Aq., kg/m3%Ni[NaD2EHPA], M%Ni extd.

extn.0.02 M1.25

0.02 M0.4951.250.04 M17.9

0.04 M0.411517.90.06 M60.92

0.06 M0.195960.920.8 M92.5

0.8 M0.037692.50.1 M98.65

0.1 M0.006898.650.12 M99.12

0.12 M0.004499.12

Plot of Log{Extractant] versus Log Dni.

Log [Extractant]Log Dni

-1.699-1.8996

-1.398-0.661

-1.2220.193

-1.0971.091

-11.865

-0.9212.052

Extraction isotherm for Ni withwith 0.12 M NaD2EHPA

O:A[Ni]Aq.,[Ni]Org.,[Ni]Aq., kg/m3[Ni]Org., kg/m3

ratiokg/m3kg/m30.00260.16620.501300.50130.640.50130.640.0950.640.0950.12

1:010.00410.49720.00290.24920.50130.64000.0950.640.0950.1200.12

1:020.1490.70450.00410.4972

2:010.00290.24920.1490.7045

1:030.35020.3021

3:010.00260.1662

1:040.38780.4538

1:050.45560.2283

Scrubbing off Ni from the Co_LO with 7.5 gpl CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.

O/A[Ni]Aq.,O/A[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

kg/m320.0401

20.040130.059

30.05940.0799

40.079950.1

50.160.1026

60.102670.1063

70.106380.1078

80.107890.1151

90.1151100.1256

100.1256

Stripping ofNi-LO with different concentrations of H2SO4.

[H2SO4], kg/m3[Ni],% Ni[H2SO4],kg/m3%Ni stripping

kg/m3stripping0.58.82

0.50.06668.82129.65

10.223929.651.569.25

1.50.522969.25275.58

20.570675.58496.36

40.727596.36899.34

80.7599.341699.34

160.7599.342099.34

200.7599.34

Vol. ofVol. ofO:A[Ni]Org.,[Ni]Aq.,[Ni]Org., kg/m3[Ni]Aq., k/m3

Org.Aq.ratiokg/m3kg/m300.75

24241:10.0050.7500.37380.7550000.7556.040.146.040.141.1

16321:20.00750.373801.50750.7556.040.7556.040.146.040.141.101.1

32162:10.00251.50750.00033.0188

38.49.64:10.00033.01880.01384.4469

41.16.96:010.01384.44690.08665.3469

42.75.38:010.08665.34690.14476.1031

43.64.410:010.14476.1031

Sheet2

Sheet3

Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from the Ni-laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3

Chart1

Chart1

1.511925.92

1.486327.18

0.157392.29

0.020499

0.008499.59

0.00299.9

0.000199.995

0.000017100

0100

0100

0100

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

%Fe pptd.


[Fe(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Fe(III)

Fig.1. Precipitation of Fe(III) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor by CaCO3.

Chart2

Chart2

1.3323.25

1.326723.44

1.323523.62

1.321923.71

0.710259.01

0.097694.37

0.003799.79

0.004499.75

0.002299.87

0.002199.88

0.001699.91

[Al(III)], kg/m3

% Al pptd.


[Al(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Al(III)

Fig.2.Precipitation of Al(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart3

0.29270

0.28751.78

0.247615.41

0.205629.76

0.129155.89

0.058480.05

0.050782.68

0.046384.18

0.029190.06

0.02392.14

0.01495.22

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

%Cr(III) pptd.


[Cr(III)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Cr(III)

Fig.3.Precipitation of Cr(III) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart4

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.56860

0.54853.53

0.478915.78

0.374634.12

0.323943.04

0.220661.2

0.097982.78

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

% Ni(II) pptd.


[Ni(II)], kg/m3

%Precipitation of Ni(II)

Fig.4.Preciitation of Ni(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart5

0.1610

0.1610

0.1610

0.1610

0.1544.35

0.1488.07

0.137714.47

0.11429.19

0.137.89

0.07553.42

0.033879.01

[Co(II)],kg/m3

%Co(II)pptd.


[Co(II)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Co(II)

Fig.5.Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart6

0.05820

0.05820

0.05890

0.05820

0.05830

0.05820

0.05476.01

0.020864.26

0.002595.7

0.00198.28

0.000399.48

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

%Zn(II)pptd.


[Zn(II)], kg/m3

% Precipitation of Zn(II)

Fig.6.Precipitation of Zn(II) from the nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart7

Chart7

0.90060

0.90060

0.90060

0.90060

0.90040.02

0.90040.02

0.87063.33

0.84196.52

0.7714.5

0.722.27

0.64728.16

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

% Mn pptd.


[Mn(II), kg/m3

% Precipitation of Mn(II)

Fig.7.Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.

Chart8

25.9223.2500000

27.1823.441.780000

92.2923.6215.410000

9923.7129.760000

99.5959.0155.8904.3500.02

99.994.3780.053.538.0700.02

99.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33

10099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52

10099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5

10099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27

10099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16

%Fe pptd.

% Al pptd.

%Cr(III) pptd.

% Ni(II) pptd.

%Co(II)pptd.

%Zn(II)pptd.

% Mn pptd.

pH of leach liquor


Fig.8. Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3 (First Batch).

Chart9

1.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006

1.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006

0.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006

0.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006

0.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004

0.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004

0.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706

0.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419

00.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77

00.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7

00.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Meta ion], kg/m3

Fig.9.Precipitation of metal ions from nickel laterite bacterial leach iquor using CaCO3 . First Batch

Chart10

Chart10

0.90050.50990.13740.047880.03109

0.89450.50740.13580.047010.03109

0.87750.50360.13490.046190.03062

0.8750.50290.13410.04510.03055

0.8530.50020.13290.04390.03016

0.850.4980.13150.043310.03003

0.8470.490.13130.041560.02954

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions in CaCO3 treated solution with 10% lime slurry.

Chart11

0.8830.510.13990.048580.03274

0.880.50920.13970.047010.03263

0.8630.50840.13580.046190.03223

0.8540.50680.13440.045770.03216

0.85350.48750.13310.044870.03206

0.850.48820.13180.043730.03194

0.8470.4880.13030.042760.02979

pH of the solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.10. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated leach liquor with 10% lime slurry

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.11. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with NaOH.

Chart12

0.86550.44920.16120.050430.3281

0.84450.44850.15620.050360.3251

0.83730.43620.15140.044890.3277

0.80150.42250.15010.025460.3222

0.79150.3450.112800.02953

0.61750.05470.0053800.00846

0.08840.000420.0001300.00074

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.12. Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO (at higher pH).

Chart13

0.950.45140.16130.0480.0361

0.9430.44430.15250.04790.03514

0.9240.4440.15140.04510.03423

0.9160.44250.14790.04330.03412

0.91050.4250.14120.04110.0338

0.90.4150.13530.03830.0327

0.88150.410.1340.03630.032

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.13.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S.

Chart14

Chart14

0.86550.47320.16170.047710.02168

0.85050.45610.15820.035690.0209

0.8440.43990.15110.027160.01925

0.8340.42120.14610.016690.0185

0.7710.39210.10350.013230.0181

0.194500.000120.00010.00042

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion],kg/m3

Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).

Chart15

1.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391

1.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382

1.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405

0.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241

0.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064

0.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333

0.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066

0.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074

0.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072

0.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007

pH of solution

[Meatal ion], kg/m3

Fig.14.Precipitation of metal ions from CaCo3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH).

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Fe(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ions], kg/m3

Fig.15. Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry.

Chart16

Chart16

0.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266

0.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222

0.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012

0.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802

0.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592

0.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325

0.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172

[Mn(II)],kg/m3

[Ni(II)],kg/m3

[Co(II)],kg/m3

[Zn(II)],kg/m3

[Cr(III)],kg/m3

[Al(III)],kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ion],kg/m3

Fig.16.Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment (at higher pH).

Chart17

16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

%Fe pptn.

%Mn pptn.

%Cu pptn.

%Ni pptn.

%Co pptn.

%Zn pptn.

%Cr pptn.

%Al pptn.

pH of the solution

Precipitation of metal ions

Fig.17. %Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment.

Chart18

Chart18

12.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46

14.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84

15.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88

18.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88

19.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91

37.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93

91.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94

%Mn pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

% Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

% Al pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.18. % Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO (at higher pH).

Chart19

16.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

36.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

92.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

97.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

98.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

99.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

99.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

98.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

99.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

99.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Fe pptd.

%Mn pptd.

%Cu pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

%Al pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.19. % Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry.

Chart20

5.682.67.734.8987.76

12.025.148.2239.5187.83

13.545.419.1340.587.87

14.76.1610.2140.587.87

16.127.5114.5846.687.95

16.687.8414.8647.0987.98

16.788.1715.3750.0687.98

%Mn, pptd.

%Ni, pptd.

%Co, pptd.

% Zn, pptd.

% Cr, pptd.

pH of the solution


Fig.20. % Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 treated solution with MgO.

Chart21

000

0.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302

0.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241

0.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193

0.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166

0.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153

0.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136

0.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)],

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)],

[Cr(III)],

[Al(III)], kg/m3

pH of the solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.21. Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-Laterite leach liquor with MgO.

Chart22

Chart22

4.486.836.4723.7911.254.612.828.97

4.768.116.9325.613.316.675.0510.15

6.039.957.825.857.6681.259.2716.67

6.5712.398.4327.8176.1897.292.2928.76

7.0213.518.8432.7998.0499.9897.8780.17

7.5318.0415.6978.6698.4799.9999.8899.43

13.024727.4593.8398.4799.9999.8999.63

29.2581.1358.6699.198.9299.9999.9899.73

%Mn pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cr pptd.

% Fe pptd.

%Al pptd.

%Cu pptd.

pH of solution


Fig.22. %Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart23

2.15252.3060.30142.0270.34280.10251.504

2.1062.2530.29441.9990.34110.10071.4995

0.4232.1530.14381.9590.33790.09981.4795

0.06310.18290.08091.9060.33560.09711.471

0.00040.05060.00671.88150.33410.09041.464

0.00030.00290.00521.7830.3090.02871.456

0.00020.00260.00521.1530.26590.00831.3695

0.00020.00040.00370.41050.15150.00121.114

[Fe(III)], kg/m3

[Al(III)], kg/m3

[Cr(III)], kg/m3

[Ni(II)], kg/m3

[Co(II)], kg/m3

[Zn(II)], kg/m3

[Mn(II)], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal ion], kg/m3

Fig.23. Precipitation of metal ions from the second batch of leach liquor.

Chart24

5.43

14.13

48.7

67.5

71.3

73.15

74.34

75.11

77.6

78.04

78.8

81.52

% Zn extn.

Equilibrium pH

% Zn extraction

Fig.24. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.

Chart25

Chart25

-1.2403

-0.783

-0.023

0.317

0.3953

0.48

0.462

0.4796

0.5398

0.551

0.57

0.645

logDZn

Equilibrium pH

Log DZn

Fig.25. Plot of Log DZn Vs. equilibrium pH.

y = 1.2574x - 2.4693R2 = 0.9893

Chart26

0.0167000.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.065

0.02050.3420.3420.3420.0880.0880.0650.0650.057

0.027

0.0392

0.0756

0.1396

0.2082

0.2744

0.342

Equilibrium pH

Log DZn

Fig.25. Plot of equilibrium pH Vs.Log DZn.

O:A=1:3.8, 3-stages

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

Fig.26. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Zn with 0.1 M D2EHPA.

Chart27

2.62

46.15

75

89.39

95

98.11

98.84

[H2SO4] : 0.5 - 20.0 kg/m3

% Zn stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Zn stripping

Fig.27. Stripping of Zn-LO with H2SO4.

Chart28

0.175001.541.540.59

0.3441.541.541.540.590.59

0.705

1.0477

1.1868

1.2413

1.615

O:A = 9:2, 2-stages

0.344 kg/m3 Zn

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

[Zn]Org., kg/m3

[Zn]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.28. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Zn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart29

0

0

0

20.09

49.55

64.29

83.93

87.41

90.45

90.89

91.16

%Mn extd.

Equilibrium pH

%Mn extracted

Fig.29.Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.1 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart30

52.23

76.6

90.63

94.69

98.95

99.5

%Mn extracted

[Extractant], M

% Mn extracted

Fig.30. Effect of [NaD2EHPA] on extraction of Mn.

Chart31

001.3751.3750.70.70.02

0.27871.3751.3751.3750.70.70.020.02

0.349

0.466

0.6913

1.2525

1.375

O:A = 1:3, 3-stages

Mn =1.4 kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3


Chart32

50.39001.518.37023.795.18

84.0404.9225.1717.51.825.139.17

92.010.165.0231.5527.272.0925.827.11

99.962.625.1861.2566.622.3827.8144.48

1005.055.2470.4296.982.4832.7980.86

1006.6816.7479.0697.610.3178.6694.02

10026.7833.9379.1299.8120.5793.8395.44

10059.2958.2682.8999.8623.8699.1197.44

10088.3190.0892.4699.9249.7999.1198.86

10096.8396.5997.9799.9477.1999.11100

% Fe pptd.

%Ni pptd.

%Co pptd.

%Cr pptd.

%Al pptd.

%Mn, pptd.

%Zn pptd.

%Cu pptd.

pH of solution

% Precipitation

Chart33

8

9.29

51.04

68.83

71.82

%Mn extd.

EquilibriumpH

% Mn extraction

Fig.33. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of Mn using 0.25 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart34

-0.9897

0.018

0.344

0.4063

Log DMn

Equilibrium pH

LogDMn

Fig.34.Plot of Log DMn Vs. equilibrium pH.

Chart35

6.110

5.990.142

22.43

61.12

87.29

93.6

%Mn extracted

[Extractant], M

%Mn extraction

Fig.35. Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Mn using NaD2EHPA.

Chart36

03.639.279.9525.806.3999.894793.83

0.03270.1423.9692.2912.3927.810.08187.0199.9881.1399.11

0.0409

0.0545

0.08

0.142

O:A = 1:0.85, 2-stages

Mn = 0.1636 kg/m3

O:A = 2:1, 2-stages

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

2.94

5.05

8.11

25.13

5.91

99.88

18.04

78.66

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3


Chart37

7.8

33.57

88.87

99.43

99.68

99.68

%Mnstripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Mn stripping

Fig.37.Stripping of Mn-LO with H2SO4.

Chart38

Chart38

1.8450.43760.02240.21231.9050.13890.1025

0.59360.43730.02230.16131.7150.12690.1007

0.2970.43650.02230.14751.5120.12650.0998

0.00160.42580.02230.08350.69390.12610.0971

0.000040.41510.02230.06380.06380.1260.0904

00.4080.01960.04510.04980.11590.0287

00.32010.01550.0450.00390.10260.0083

00.1780.00980.03690.00280.09840.0012

00.05110.00230.01630.00170.06496.56

00.01390.00080.00440.00130.02957

[Fe], kg/m3

[Ni], kg/m3

[Co], kg/m3

[Cr], kg/m3

[Al], kg/m3

[Mn], kg/m3

[Zn], kg/m3

pH of solution

[Metal], kg/m3

Fig.59. Precipitation of Fe, Al and Cr from third batch of Ni-laterite leach liquor with CaCO3.

Chart39

0.0159001.41571.41570.15

0.01951.41571.41571.41570.150.15

0.0264

0.0349

0.0264

0.1566

0.3095

0.5738

0.8881

1.1481

1.5233

O:A = 9:1, 2-stages

[Mn] = 0.1573 kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

[Mn]Org., kg/m3

[Mn]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.39.McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Mn-LO with 15 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart40

0

0

0

6.3

42.82

48.7

56.54

59.07

60.72

62.96

67.79

68.08

74.15

%Co extd.

Equilibrium pH

%Co extraction

Fig.40. Effect of eqilibrium pH on extraction of cobalt with 0.005 M NaCyanex 272.

Chart41

0.1593

0.1891

0.2303

0.323

0.329

0.4576

0.005M Cyanex 272

Log DCo

Equilibrium pH

Log DCo

Fig.41. Plot of Log DCo vs. equilibrium pH in extraction of Cobalt.

y = 1.5531x - 10.753R2 = 0.8747

Chart42

53.36

61.48

72.56

86.34

90.75

%Co extraction

[NaCyanex 272], M

%Co extraction

Fig.42.Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of cobalt.

Chart43

0.0033000.016980.016980.00080.0008

0.00420.016980.016980.016980.00080.00080.0008

0.0055

0.0081

0.0149

0.0169

[Co]Aq.= 0.1698 kg/m3

O:A = 1:1, 2-stages

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq.,kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

Fig.43.McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of cobalt using 0.0125M Cyanex 272.

Chart44

0.0056

0.0187

0.02

0.0201

0.0201

0.02

0.02


[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[CoSO4], kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.44.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at 1:1 phase ratio.

Chart45

0.1258

0.184

0.2

0.2

0.2005


[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[CoSO4 solution], kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.45. Scrubbing off Ni from Co-LO with CoSO4 solution at O:A ratio of 10:1.

Chart46

26.53

68.05

88.67

95.5

100

100

100

100

100

1 - 25 kg/m3 H2SO4

%Co stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Co stripping

Fig.46.Stripping of Co-LO with H2SO4.

Chart47

0.37200991.55

0.7449991.551.55

1.484

2.964

4.4108

5.96

7.0313

8.0125

9.2

O:A = 12:1, 2-stages

[Co]LO : 0.75 kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.47. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 60 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Chart48

17.95

59.02

61.8

65.72

75.72

99.84

99.92

99.92

0.2 - 2.0 N Oxalic Acid

%Co stripped

[Oxalic Acid], N

%Co stripping

Fig.48. Stripping of Co-LO with Oxalic acid.

Chart49

0.248003330.39

0.371333330.390.39

0.7463

1.4975

2.195

2.7475

3.1163

O:A = 4:1, 2-Stages

[Co]LO = 0.75 kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

[Co]Org., kg/m3

[Co]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.49. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Co-LO with 1.5 N Oxalic acid.

Chart50

24.59

60.37

66.76

72.72

74.31

75.06

77.56

77.83

78.23

78.3

79.55

80.37

%Ni extn.

Equilibrium pH

% Ni extraction

Fig.50. Effect of equilibrium pH on extraction of nickel.

Chart51

-0.487

0.1827

0.303

0.426

0.461

0.478

0.538

0.545

0.555

0.557

0.59

0.612

Dni

Equilibrium pH

Log DNi

Fig.51. Plot of equilibrium pH versus Log DNi.

Chart52

1.25

17.9

60.92

92.5

98.65

99.12

%Ni extd.

[NaD2EHPA], M

%Ni extraction

Fig.52 Effect of [Extractant] on extraction of Ni.

Chart53

-1.8996

-0.661

0.193

1.091

1.865

2.052

Log Dni

Log[Extractant]

Log DNi

Fig.53. Plot of Log DNi Vs. Log[Extractant].

Chart54

0.166200.640.640.640.12

0.24920.6400.640.120.12

0.4972

0.7045

[Ni]Aq.,0.5013 kg/m3

O:A = 4:5, 2-stages

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

Fig.54. McCabe-Thiele plot for extraction of Ni with 0.12 M NaD2EHPA.

Chart 38

0.0401

0.059

0.0799

0.1

0.1026

0.1063

0.1078

0.1151

0.1256

O:A = 2:1 to 10:1

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

O:A ratio

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.55.Scrubbing off Ni from the Co-LO with 7.5 kg/m3 CoSO4 solution at different O:A ratios.

Chart57

8.82

29.65

69.25

75.58

96.36

99.34

99.34

99.34

0.5 - 20 kg/m3 H2SO4

%Ni stripping

[H2SO4], kg/m3

%Ni stripping

Fig.55. Stripping of Ni-LO with H2SO4.

Chart58

0.75006.046.046.041.1

0.37386.046.046.041.11.11.1

1.5075

3.0188

4.4469

5.3469

6.1031

[Ni]LO = 0.755 kg/m3

O:A = 8:1, 2-stages

[Ni]Aq., k/m3

[Ni]Org., kg/m3

[Ni]Aq., kg/m3

Fig.58. McCabe-Thiele plot for stripping of Ni-LO with 20 kg/m3 H2SO4.

Sheet1

Precipitation of Fe(III) with CaCO3[Fe(III)] in solution =2.041 kg/m3

pH of Soln.

pH of Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3%Fe pptd.

2.261.511925.922.26

2.561.486327.182.56

2.730.157392.292.73

3.530.0204993.53

3.810.008499.593.81

4.30.00299.94.3

5.810.000199.9955.81

6.30.0000171006.3

6.4701006.47

6.8201006.82

7.0701007.07

Precipitation of Al 3+ with CaCO3{Al(III)] in solution=1.7328 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Al(III)], kg/m3% Al pptd.

2.261.3323.25

2.561.326723.44

2.731.323523.62

3.531.321923.71

3.810.710259.01

4.30.097694.37

5.810.003799.79

6.30.004499.75

6.470.002299.87

6.820.002199.88

7.070.001699.91

Precipitation of Cr(III) with CaCO3[Cr(III)] in solution= 0.2655 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Cr(III)],kg/m3%Cr(III) pptd.

2.260.29270

2.560.28751.78

2.730.247615.41

3.530.205629.76

3.810.129155.89

4.30.058480.05

5.810.050782.68

6.30.046384.18

6.470.029190.06

6.820.02392.14

7.070.01495.22

Precipitation of Ni(II) with CaCO3 from nickel; laterite bacterial leach liquor[Ni] in leach liquor=0.5116

pH Soln.[Ni(II)], kg/m3% Ni(II) pptd.

2.260.56860

2.560.56860

2.730.56860

3.530.56860

3.810.56860

4.30.54853.53

5.810.478915.78

6.30.374634.12

6.470.323943.04

6.820.220661.2

7.070.097982.78

Precipitation of Co(II) from the nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Co(II)] in solution=0.1763 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Co(II)],kg/m3%Co(II)pptd.

2.260.1610

2.560.1610

2.730.1610

3.530.1610

3.810.1544.35

4.30.1488.07

5.810.137714.47

6.30.11429.19

6.470.137.89

6.820.07553.42

7.070.033879.01

Precipitation of Zn(II) from nickel laterite leach liquor using CaCO3[Zn(II)] in solution=0.0582

pH Soln.[Zn(II)], kg/m3%Zn(II)pptd.

2.260.05820

2.560.05820

2.730.05890

3.530.05820

3.810.05830

4.30.05820

5.810.05476.01

6.30.020864.26

6.470.002595.7

6.820.00198.28

7.070.000399.48

Precipitation of Mn(II) from nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor using CaCO3.[Mn(II)] in solution =0.9006 kg/m3

pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3% Mn pptd.

2.260.90060

2.560.90060

2.730.90060

3.530.90060

3.810.90040.02

4.30.90040.02

5.810.87063.33

6.30.84196.52

6.470.7714.5

6.820.722.27

7.070.64728.16

Percentage precipitation of Fe, Al, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Mnon treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor

pH Soln.%Fe pptd.% Al pptd.%Cr(III) pptd.% Ni(II) pptd.%Co(II)pptd.%Zn(II)pptd.% Mn pptd.

2.2625.9223.2500000

2.5627.1823.441.780000

2.7392.2923.6215.410000

3.539923.7129.760000

3.8199.5959.0155.8904.3500.02

4.399.994.3780.053.538.0700.02

5.8199.99599.7982.6815.7814.476.013.33

6.310099.7584.1834.1229.1964.266.52

6.4710099.8790.0643.0437.8995.714.5

6.8210099.8892.1461.253.4298.2822.27

7.0710099.9195.2282.7879.0199.4828.16

Concentration of metal ions in nickel laterite bacterial leach liquor after treatment with CaCO3First Batch of Leach Liquor

pH Soln.[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Ni(II)], kg/m3[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)], kg/m3[Mn(II)], kg/m3

2.261.51191.330.29270.56860.1610.05820.9006

2.561.48631.32670.28750.56860.1610.05820.9006

2.730.15731.32350.24760.56860.1610.05890.9006

3.530.02041.32190.20560.56860.1610.05820.9006

3.810.00840.71020.12910.56860.1540.05830.9004

4.30.0020.09760.05840.54850.1480.05820.9004

5.810.00010.00370.05070.47890.13770.05470.8706

6.30.0000170.00440.04630.37460.1140.02080.8419

6.4700.00220.02910.32390.10.00250.77

6.8200.00210.0230.22060.0750.0010.7

7.0700.00160.0140.09790.03380.00030.647

Precipitation of Metal Ions from CaCO3 precipitated Solution with 10% lime slurry with10% lime slurryFirst Batch of Leach Liquor


4.60.90050.50990.13740.047880.031090.0018930.015130.002471

4.920.89450.50740.13580.047010.031090.0000250.00072190.002227

5.230.87750.50360.13490.046190.0306200.0050610.002018

5.510.8750.50290.13410.04510.0305500.0032660.001848

6.180.8530.50020.13290.04390.0301600.0018720.001064

6.40.850.4980.13150.043310.0300300.0015280.000805

70.8470.490.13130.041560.0295400.0013750.000312

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with NaOH


4.580.8830.510.13990.048580.032740.0019520.002742

50.880.50920.13970.047010.032630.0015560.0063020.002587

5.760.8630.50840.13580.046190.032230.0006250.0011840.001866

6.060.8540.50680.13440.045770.032160.0003840.00084030.001354

6.330.85350.48750.13310.044870.032060.0000580.0007830.000937

6.740.850.48820.13180.043730.031940.0000150.00070660.000563

70.8470.4880.13030.042760.0297900.00063020.000338

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3 precipitated solution with MgO (higher pH)


5.010.86550.44920.16120.050430.32810.0006120.00750.00217

6.160.84450.44850.15620.050360.32510.0002930.002140.00128

6.940.83730.43620.15140.044890.32770.0000460.001660.00584

7.50.80150.42250.15010.025460.32220.0000270.001620.00014

7.90.79150.3450.112800.029530.0000240.001260.000064

8.340.61750.05470.0053800.008460.0000210.001010.00006

90.08840.000420.0001300.000740.0000180.000860.000053

Precipitation of metal ions from CaCO3precipitated solution with Na2S


4.430.950.45140.16130.0480.03610.002050.02380.00184

4.840.9430.44430.15250.04790.035140.000360.01070.000097

5.710.9240.4440.15140.04510.034230.000060.002290

60.9160.44250.14790.04330.034120.000050.00216

6.420.91050.4250.14120.04110.03380.0000480.0020

6.740.90.4150.13530.03830.03270.000040.00160

70.88150.410.1340.03630.032

Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 precipitated solution with Na2S (at higher pH)

pH Soln.[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3{Cu],kg/m3

4.720.86550.47320.16170.047710.021680.0003670.022960.00037

5.970.85050.45610.15820.035690.02090.000090.002990.000025

6.460.8440.43990.15110.027160.019250.0000850.0021390.000024

6.950.8340.42120.14610.016690.01850.0000780.001760.000022

7.50.7710.39210.10350.013230.01810.0000540.001410.00002

8.750.194500.000120.00010.000420.000040.0011650.000018

Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using 10% lime slurry

pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Fe(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)], kg/m3

2.171.03350.51250.17930.06930.28841.69850.1391

2.351.00950.49650.17660.06760.26881.27650.1382

2.541.0030.47950.17390.06780.15930.14190.1405

3.110.9880.48750.16440.06460.10990.03740.1241

3.480.9680.4660.17030.06660.09670.04260.1064

4.460.9230.35150.12930.04050.04380.01690.0333

5.330.85150.3120.09380.02010.02830.01370.0066

5.760.8230.18620.06720.01870.0270.02710.0074

7.030.5290.00420.05360.00480.00180.01330.0072

7.250.46550.00120.02060.00510.00140.02640.007

Precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor with 10% lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment

pH[Mn(II)],kg/m3[Ni(II)],kg/m3[Co(II)],kg/m3[Zn(II)],kg/m3[Cr(III)],kg/m3[Al(III)],kg/m3

5.010.920.50120.1590.048430.0026360.003266

6.330.8730.4980.1560.047870.0026010.001222

6.810.7320.4750.13250.040570.0025640.001012

7.130.5210.33040.089900.0021050.000802

8.340.36950.12180.0178600.0012450.000592

90.2120.004280.0006900.002010.000325

100.009280.000770.0002500.000660.000172

% Pecipitation of metal ions from ni-laterite leach liquor with lime slurry after CaCO3 treatment

pH%Fe pptn.%Mn pptn.%Cu pptn.%Ni pptn.%Co pptn.%Zn pptn.%Cr pptn.%Al pptn.

2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated leach Liquor with MgO (at higher pH)

pH%Mn pptd.%Ni pptd.%Co pptd.% Zn pptd.%Cr pptd.% Al pptd.

5.0112.2212.28.5616.8887.6499.46

6.1614.3512.3311.416.9987.7599.84

6.9415.0814.7414.1226.0187.6699.88

7.518.7117.4114.8658.0487.8699.88

7.919.7232.5636.0210088.8899.91

8.3437.3789.0896.9510096.8199.93

991.0399.9299.9310099.7299.94

Percentage precipitation of metal ions from the Ni-laterite leach liquor using lime slurry

Equil.% Fe%Mn%Cu%Ni%Co%Zn%Cr%Al

pHpptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.pptd.

2.1716.162.91.71.760.1112.1600

2.3536.995.31.994.831.5614.3211.80.54

2.5492.9965.915.646.083.0214.0731.60

3.1197.97.3212.38.958.4118.1260.4410.69

3.4898.19.1917.7410.675.1216.2265.1923.39

4.4699.1613.4185.8332.6227.9748.6784.2397.06

5.3399.3220.1297.9440.247.6974.5289.8199.51

5.7698.9122.898.6964.3162.5676.2990.2899.47

7.0399.3450.3898.7699.270.1493.9299.3599.48

7.2599.6856.3398.7699.7888.5293.5399.599.5

% Precipitation of Metal ions from the CaCO3 Treated Leach Liquor with MgO

pH of Soln.%Mn, pptd.%Ni,%Co, pptd.% Zn,% Cr,

pptd.pptd.pptd.

4.855.682.67.734.8987.76

5.6212.025.148.2239.5187.83

5.8213.545.419.1340.587.87

6.0314.76.1610.2140.587.87

6.4216.127.5114.5846.687.95

6.8616.687.8414.8647.0987.98

7.0816.788.1715.3750.0687.98

Precipitation of metal ions from the CaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach liquor with MgO

pH of Soln.[Mn(II)], kg/m3[Ni(II)],[Co(II)], kg/m3[Zn(II)],[Cr(III)],[Al(III)], kg/m3

kg/m3kg/m3kg/m3

4.850.930.49830.16270.03950.03250.00302

5.620.86750.48530.16180.03670.03230.00241

5.820.85250.48390.16020.03610.03220.00193

6.030.8410.48010.15820.03610.03220.00166

6.420.8270.47320.15060.03240.0320.00153

6.860.82150.47150.15010.03210.03190.00136

7.080.82050.46980.14920.03040.03190.00122

Precipitation of metal ions fromCaCO3 treated Ni-laterite leach solution with NaOH (at h

Documents

Processing of Ni-Laterite Bacterial Leach Liquor for Recovery of Zn, Mn, Co and Ni Using Solvent Extraction Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology