INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

PROCEEDINGSAND

R E P O R T SOF THE

THIRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Held in CARACAS (Venezuela), 3 to 9 September 1952

at the

Colegio de Medicos de Venezuela.

STATUTORY MEETINGS

EDITED BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

42 rue Montoyer, Brussels.

1 9 5 2

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

PROCEEDINGSAND

R E P O R T SOF THE

THIRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Held in CARACAS (Venezuela), 3 to 9 September 1952

at the

Colegio de Medicos de Venezuela.

STATUTORY MEETINGS

EDITED BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE

INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

42 rue Montoyer, Brussels.

1 9 5 2

F O R E W O R D

XX

The Union members to whom these proceedings are addressedwill read of certain appeals to which they should not remainindifferent. More than ever at this time, when the tasks ofthe Union have been greatly multiplied and the financialassistance of Unesco is unfortunately to be considerablyreduced, the Secretariat ought to have the support of allmembers of the Union in its activities. An international unionworthy of the name can only function when its activities aresupported by all of the organizations united under its leadership,

Among the most outstanding tasks to which the efforts ofthe Union are being devoted at present is the preparation of anAtlas of Nature Reserves in the World, carefully and attractivelypresented, with photographs and maps, which a specialized Dutchpublishing house plans to issue in 1953.

X

In accordance with Resolution N° 55 of the BrusselsAssembly, the International Union for the Protection of Natureheld, at Caracas, simultaneous sessions of the statutory-General Assembly and a Technical Meeting.

The Secretariat apologizes to the members of the Unionand to participants of the General Assembly for the delay inpublication of this Section, which can be attributed to theinadequacy of the means at its, disposal. In addition to thefour statutory sessions of the Third General Assembly of theUnion, the following pages include as annexes: the report ofthe Secretary-General, the statement of accounts, reports ofspecial commissions, draft resolutions, resolutions of theTechnical Meeting which were approved by the General Assembly,etc. The inclusion of this material will allow the reader toacquire a full view of the meeting.

It is emphasized that the enclosed texts are concernedonly with the statutory General Assembly, that is, a report ofthe work of the first and last days of the Caracas meeting, the3rd and 9th of September, 1952. Between these dates there werethree days of technical meetings (4th, 5th and 8th September)and the memorable week-end of the excursion to the Rancho GrandeNational Park.

The Proceedings of the five sessions of the TechnicalMeeting and approximately one hundred and fifty paperssubmitted for the discussions will be included in a separatepublication, generously financed by the Venezuelan OrganizingCommittee for the Caracas Assembly. This volume, in the threeworking languages, Spanish, French and English, will unfortun-ately be delayed for several months, first because the recordssent from Venezuela to Brussels did not arrive until the endof December and secondly for the same reason publication ofthis portion was delayed - the lack of personnel.

All members of the IUPN who are able and anxious tocontribute data and photographs to this project should contactthe Secretariat as soon as possible. They will at the same timebe co-operating in a task of utmost importance for the Union andin the useful distribution of detailed and up-to-date informationon the achievements of their country in the establishment ofreserve areas.

Another opportunity offered by the following proceedings isto be found in Assembly Resolution N° 95 concerning the Union'splan to prepare the promulgation of a universal charter for theprotection of nature, to be called the "Caracas Manifest". Thetext drafted by the committee was submitted only for a vote ofapproval in principle, as time did not allow for a discussion ofthe particular provisions of each article. But allowance hasbeen made for anyone who desires to suggest modifications oradditions, which will be taken into account as far as possiblefor the final publication. The text presented at Caracas isreproduced herein, and the Union will welcome criticisms andadvice.

In conclusion, this is an excellent opportunity to repeatonce again that the Union's modest Bulletin, published every twomonths at the cost of very great effort, perseveres in itsendeavour to "publish information considered to be of internationalimportance", and the Union expects that its members will not onlyact as local distributors of the information Bulletin but also asits authors. The appeal which appears in each issue of theBulletin has unfortunately failed to arouse much response.Therefore we do not hesitate to repeat here: "Whenever adifficult problem, a disturbing situation, an interestingexperience, new protective legislation, or useful offers ofco-operation or exchange are brought to our attention with ashort and concise note, it will be distributed as soon aspossible through the medium of these columns. Such help fromour readers will enable us to increase the size and scope ofour Bulletin, thus increasing our service to them. We mightalso hope to appear more frequently and in larger circulation".

The Secretariat of the I.U.P.N.

December 25, 1952

LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

G = Délégué gouvernementalD = Délégué d'une organisationOG= Observateur gouvernementalOD= Observateur d'une organisation

G = Government delegateD = Delegate of organizationOG= Observer of governmentOD= Observer of organization

AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE FRANCAISE - FRENCH WEST AFRICA

A. Villiers

ALLEMAGNE - GERMANY

W.Burhenne

F. Gessner

H. Klose

H.W. Meyer-Lohse

ANTILLES NEERLANDAISES - NETHERLAND ANTILLES

D

OGDOGDD

DOG

Institut Français d'Afrique Noire

Deutsche BundesrepublikSchutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild E.V.Deutsche BundesrepublikDeutscher WaturschutzringArbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher

Beaüftragter für Naturschutzund Landschaftspflege

Verein NaturschutzparkDeutsche Bundesrepublik

B.M. Chumaceiro

J.H. Westermann

ARGENTINE - ARGENTINA

S. Horovitz

AUSTRALIE - AUSTRALIA

F. PackardJ.H. Westermann

AUTEICHE - AUSTRIA

V. Vareschi

BELGIQUE - BELGIUM

L. ColotW. Robyns

G

G

D

OD

ODD

D

OGGD

DD

OD

D

OD

Paye-Bas (Gouvernement des AntillesNéerlandaises)

Pays-Bas (Gouvernement des AntillesNéerl and aises )

Natuurwetenschappelijke WerkgroepNederl and se Antillen

Instituto Nacional de Agricultura

National Parks Association of QueenslandWild Life Preservation Society of

Australia

Institut für Naturschutz

GouvernementGouvernementInstitut des Parcs Nationaux du

Congo BelgeSociété Royale de Botanique de BelgiqueInstitut Royal des Sciences Naturelles

de BelgiqueCommission Royale des Monuments et

des SitesJardin Botanique de l'Etat

Secretaria de Agricultura de Sao Paulo

BKESIL - BRAZIL

O.M. de Oliveira Pinto

- 2 -

O. Fournier

H. Lloyd

CHILI - CHILE

C. Tanez Bravo

COLOMBIE - COLOMBIA

M. Anibal Melo

P. BeltranR. Mejia Franco

E. Perez Arbelaez

COSTA RICA - COSTA RICA

L.R. Holdridge

J. Tossi

DANEMARK - DENMARK

A. Hansen

E3PAGNE - SPAIN

C. Diaz Ungria

ETATS-UNIS - UNITED STATES

R.P. AllenJ.R. CampH.BonnettS.F.Briggs

D

ODD

DOD

OGOGD

OD

ODOD

OGOD

OD

OD

OD

OD

G

OD

DODODD

Société Canadienne d'HistoireNaturelle

Université de MontréalPan American Section of the Inter-

national Committee for BirdPreservation

Canadian Section of the I.C.B.P.American Ornithologists'Union

Ministerio de EducacionMinisterio de AgriculturaConsejo Nacional de Proteccion a

la Naturaleza

Federacion Nacional de Cafeterosdo Colombia

Sociedad de Agricultores de ColumbiaFederacion Nacional de Cafeteros

de ColombiaGouvernementInstituto Geografico de Colombia

"Augustin Codazzi"Universidad de Los Andes

Instituto Interamericano deCiencias Agricolas

Instituto Intaramericano deCiencias Agricolas

Pan American Union

Gouvernement

Sociedad de Ciencias NaturalesLa Salle

National Audubon SocietyAmerican International AssociationDepartment of Agriculture of the USANational Audubon Society

CANAPA - CANADA

H.J. Coolidge

J. Delacour

R. DieffenbachD. DingleyE.W.EllisonF.R. Fosberg

I.N.Gabrielson

S. GrahamR. GreggJ. KemptonJ.W.Livermore

O. MurieF. Packard

L. PohlR.H. Pough

S. Dillon Ripley

A.W. Smith

L.W. SwiftRay ThomasW. Vogt

R. WestwoodA. Wetmore

J.T. Zimmer

FRANCE - FRANCE

J. Berlioz

R. Heim

D

DDDD

D

ODDODD

ODDDODODODODODDDODDDODDD

ODDODODDOD

DODD

DD

American Committee for InternationalWildlife Protection

National Parks AssociationNational Research CouncilThe Conservation FoundationStanding Committee on Pacific Con-

servationInternational Committee for Bird

PreservationU.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceNational Audubon SocietyU.S. Navy DepartmentStanding Committee on Pacific

ConservationU.S. Geological SurveyNational Research CouncilWildlife Management InstituteSoil Conservation ServiceNational Park ServiceAmerican Embassy in CaracasAgricultural Society of AmericaCooper Ornithological ClubWilderness SocietyNational Parks AssociationDefenders of FurbearersThe Nature ConservancyAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryGarden Club of AmericaNew York Zoological SocietyInternational Committee for Bird

Preservation (Pan AmericanSection - U.S.Section)

Congress of Industrial OrganizationsNational Parks AssociationU.S. Forest ServiceAgricultural Society of AmericaThe Nature ConservancyPlanned Parenthood Federation of

AmericaAmerican Nature AssociationSmithsonian InstitutionAmerican Committee for International

Wild Life ProtectionAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryAmerican Ornithologists'Union

DDDDDDOD

OD

OD

Société Ornithologique de FranceMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleAcadémie des SciencesMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleSociété de Chimie BiologiqueSociété de BiogéographieComité Supérieur de la Protection de la

Nature dans les territoires d'O.MerConseil National de la Protection de

la NaturePacific Science Association

- 3 -

- 4 -

H. Humbert

G.H. Lestel

F. de Maublanc

HAITI - HAITI

R. Ambroise

ITALIE - ITALY

A. Rota

JAPON - JAPAN

K. Tanaka

MEXIQUE - MEXICO

E. Beltran

M. Herrejon

NICARAGUA - NICARAGUA

R. Schick

NOUVELLE ZELANDE - NEW ZEALAND

Ph. Barclay-Smith

PAYS-BAS - NETHERLANDS

M.C. BloemersG.A. Brouwer

DD

DODOD

OD

Académie des SciencesFédération Française des Sociétés

de Sciences NaturellesSociété de BiogéographieMinistère de l'Education NationaleConseil National de Protection de

la Nature en FranceL'Electricité de France

OG

OD

Gouvernement

Ambassade d'Italie à Caracas

DODOD

National Parks AssociationNational Park ServiceResources Council, Economic

Stabilization Board

D

OD

OD

D

Asociacion Mexicana de Protecciona la Naturaleza

Sociedad Mexicana de HistoriaNatural

Escuela Normal Superior y Escuelade Ciencias BiologicasA sociacion Mexi cana de Proteccion

a la Naturaleza

OG

D

Gouvernement

Forest and Bird Protection Society

GD

D

D

D

D

Gouvernement (Pays-Bas et Nlle Guinée)Vereniging tot Behoud van Natuur-

monumenten in NederlandContact Commissie voor Natuur- en

LandschapsbeschermingNederlandse Commissie voor Interna-

tionale NatuurbeschermingNederlandse Vereniging tot Bescherming

van VogelsVoorlopige Natuurbeschermingsraad

- 5 -

PARAGUAY - PARAGUAY

P. Tirado-Sulsona

PEROU - PERU

O. Gonzales Tafur

C. Llosa BelaundeP. Venturo

ROYAUME UNI- UNITED KINGDOM

Ph. Barclay-Smith

OD

OD

The Institute of Inter-AmericanAffairsDivision of Agriculture and NaturalResources

OD

ODOD

Banco de Fomento Agropecuaria delPeruCia Administradora del GuanoCia Administradora del Guano

OGD

D

GovernmentBritish Co-ordinating Committee forNature ConservationInternational Committee for BirdPreservation (British Section)

REPUBLIQUE BOMINICAINE - DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

M. Canela Lazaro

SUEDE - SWEDEN

N. Dahlbeck

SUISSE - SWITZERLAND

Ch.J. Bernard

W. FuchssH. Giron

SURINAM - SURINAM

D.C. Geyskes

URUGUAY - URUGUAY

F. Mane-Garzon

C A . Torres de la Llosa

OG

OGD

D

D

D

OD

OD

GOG

G

OD

OD

Gouvernement

GouvernementSvenska Naturskyddsföreningen

Association de Propagande pour laProtection des OiseauxLigue Suisse pour la Protection dela NatureSociété Romande pour l'étude et laprotection des Oiseaux"Ala" Société suisse pour la Protec-tion des OiseauxSocieta Ticinese per la Conservazionedelle Bolleze Naturali ed ArtisticheGouvernementLégation de Suisse

Paye-Bas (Gouvernement du Surinam)

Museo de Historia Natural deMontevideoComision Nacional Protectora de laFauna Indigena

-6-

VENEZUELA - VENEZUELA

R. Alamo IbarraE. Alcala de Armas

J.M. Alcala ErminyE.A. AlcegaJ. AlsinaF. Alvarez SotilloC. Anglade

L. Aristeguieta

M. ArochaR. Aveledo H.A. Ayala

E. de Bellard Pietri

J.M. BerrizbeitiaL. Berti

P. Blanco GasperiL. BonisoliJ.S. Briceno BricenoA.J. BuschiA. BustillosA. CalatravaJ. Camero ZamoraL. Carbonell

G. Cardenas FariaJ. de Las Casas

J. B. CastilloM. CentenoM.M. ChristoffelJ.R. CoronelH.A. Curran

A.Dehn

E. DelgadoL.H. Delgado ArtilesG. DerlonC. Diaz Ungria

E. Dominguez Michel-angeli

W. Dupouy

ODD

ODODODODD

ODODOD

ODODOD

D

ODOD

ODODODODODODODOD

ODD

ODODODODOD

D

ODODODD

ODD

Ministerio de Agricultura y CriaSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesRotary Club de CaracasShell Caribbean Petroleun CompanyShell Caribbean Petroleum CompanyMinisterio de Educacion NacionalSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesC.A. La Electricidad de CaracasMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaAsociacion Venezolana para el Avancede la CienciaDécima Conferencia InteramericanaColeccion Ornothologica PhelpsInstituto Nacional de Obras Sani-tariasSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesCamara Agricola de VenezuelaDivision de Malariologia, Direccionde Salud Publica, Ministerio deSanidad y Asistencia SocialRotary Club de CaracasMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de FomentoUniversidad de los AndesRotary Club de CaracasInstituto Agrario NacionalMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaAsociacion venezolana para el Avancede la CienciaRotary Club de CaracasSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y Cria

Sociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaRotary Club de CaracasSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturales

GobiernoSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturales

H.B. Featherston D.- 7 -

L.A. FernandezF. Fernandez Yepes

D. Ferrer FernandezL. E. GalavisJ.R..GarciaB. GerbellaJ.A. Giacopini

H. GinesR . Godoy CastroU.R. Gomez Villarroel

J.J. Gonzalez MatheusH. Gonzalez

M. Gonzalez Molina

M.A. Gonzalez ValeE.M. GreenC. GuinandJ. HeilmanA. HernandezH. Hernandez Carabano

S. HorovitzW. Jaffa

R. de JonghP. KienerH. LamprechtN. LarraldeT. Lasser

R. de LeonC.A. Lindorf

G. LoveraG. MalagutiA. MancewiczF.A. Marco ChacinF. MartinezB. MazzaniC. Medina SanchezL.J. MedinaA. MichelangeliE. MondolfiR. Munoz TebarR. NonesA. Ortega

ODODODODODODODD

ODODODODODODODODODODODODODODODD

ODODODOD

DODODODDODOD

ODODODDODODODODODODODODDODODOD

Sociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturales

Ministerio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaUniversidad Central de VenezuelaMinisterio para Obras PublicasColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaSociedad Venezolana de CienciasNaturalesShell Caribbean Petroleum CompanyColegio de Ciencias Naturales La SalleMinisterio de FomentoMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaInstituto Agrario NacionalMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaUniversidad de los AndesColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaUniversidad de los AndesColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaShell Caribbean Petroleum CompanyColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaConsejo do Bienestar ruralInstituto Nacional de Obras SanitariasSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Natura-les

Colegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaInstituto Nacional de AgriculturaAsociacion Venezolana para el Avancede la CienciaSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de los AndesUniversidad de los AndesCamara Agricola de VenezuelaSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaAsociacion Venezolana para el Avancede la CienciaColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaCentro excursionista "Augustin Codazzi"Liceo "Fermin Toro"Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesInstituto Nacional de AgriculturaInstituto Nacional de Obras SanitariasCentro excursionista "Augustin Codazzi"Ministerio de EducacionInstituto Nacional de AgriculturaInstituto Agrario NacionalInstituto Nacional de AgriculturaColegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaSociedad Venozolana de Ciencias NaturalesColeccion Ornithologica PhelpsInstituto de FerrocarrilesCentro excursionista "Augustin Codazzi"

- 8 -

Ministerio de Relaciones ExterioresColegio de Ingenieros de Venezuela"Revista Shell"Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesMinisterio de Relaciones ExterioresColeccion Ornitologica PhelpsInstituto de Ciencias NaturalesSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesColeccion Ornitologica PhelpsThe Wilson Ornithological ClubInstituto Nacional de Obras SanitariasMinisterio de Agriculture y CriaInstituto Nacional de Obras SanitariasUniversidad Central de VenezuelaInstituto Agrario NacionalSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesFederacion Medica VenezolanaRotary Club de Caracas

Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesMinisterio de Educacion NacionalMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaUniversidad Central de VenezuelaRotary Club de CaracasMinisterio de EducacionMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Central de VenezuelaSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesColsccion Ornitologica PhelpsSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesComité Internacional para la Proteccion

de las AvesMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaInternational General ElectricSociedad Venezolana de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Central de Venezuela'Colegio de Ingenieros de VenezuelaMinisterio de Agricultura y CriaAmerican Geographical SocietySociedad Venezolana do Ciencias Naturales

ORGANISATIONS INTERNATIONALESINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Regions Alpines:International Commission for the Protection of Alpines Regions!

DD Charles J. BernardD W. Burhenne

M. OsorioG. PadillaJ. PadronF. PantinS. Pérez PérezW.H.Phelps

W.H.Phelps Jr.

J.G. PierettiO. PoggioliR. Pulgar LópezJ. Racenis

ODODODDODODODD

ODDODODODODODOD

G. Ramirez VillamedianaODA. RighiA. RequenaJ.M. RisquezL.A. RivasR. RiveroA. Rivas LarraldeW. Rojas GilC.Ruiz MartinezJ. SchmidkeL. SchneeH. I.SolteroF.A. SotilloF. TamayoE. TejeraD. TexeraH.W. ThomsR. UrbanoA. Uslar Pietri

E. VillasmilF.A. VilaehaA. de VeerE.G.VogelsangL.WannoniF.H. WeibezahnG.Zuloaga

G. Wallis

DODODDODODODODODODODODODDODDODDD

ODODDODODODDDOD Ministerio de Obras Publicas

- 9 -

Commission Internationale des Industries AgricolesInternational Commission for Agrioultural Industries

OD Charles J. Bernard

Comité International pour la Protection des OiseauxInternational Committee for Bird Preservation

D J. DelacourD Ph. Barclay-Smith

Inter-american Institute of Agricultural SciencesOD L.R. Holdridge

Office International pour la Protection de la NatureInternational Office for the Protection of Nature

D Charles J. Bernard

Pacific Science AssociationD Roger Heim

Standing Committee on Pacific ConservationDD

H.J.CoolidgeF.R. Fosberg

Unesco: Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Education la Science et la CultureUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

OD Mrs. Thierry-Mieg

Union Internationale des Sciences BiologiquesInternational Union of Biological Sciences

OD R. Heim

Union panaméricainePan American Union

CD L.R. Holdridge

Union Internationale de Directeurs de Jardins ZoologiquesInternational Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens

D J. Delacour

COMITE ORGANISATEUH YENEZUELIEN - VENEZUELAN ORGANIZIHG COMMITTEE

presidents W.H. Phelps Jr.Membres: E. Tejera

T. LasserM.A. Gonzalez ValeG.A. LoveraG. ZuloagaF. PantinJ. de las CasasE. De Bellard PietriE. Mondolfi

Secrétaire: H. Hernandez CarabanoGeneral

- 10 -

MEMBRES PRESENTS DU CONSEIL EXECUTIF DE L'UIPN

MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE IUPN PRESENT

Président: Charles J. BernardVice-Présidents:Roger Heim

H.J.Coolidge

Membres: Miss Ph.Barclay-SmithMM. M.C. Bloemers

H. HumbertW.H.Phelps Jr.W. VogtN. DahlbeckI.N. Gabrielson

R.W. Westwood

SuisseFranceEtats-Unis

Royaume-UniPays-BasFranceVenezuelaEtats-UnisSuedePrésident de la Commission de l'EducationPresident of the Education Commissionpresident de la Commission de l'Infor-

mation au publicPresident of the Commission on Public

Information

Secretaire GeneralSecretary General: J.-P. Harroy Belgique

BUREAU ET SECRETARIAT - GENERAL COMMITTEE AND SECRETARIAT

Presidents d'Honneur: S.E. Monsieur Pedro Jose Lara Peña,Honorary Presidents: Ministre de l'Agriculture du Venezuela

S.E. Monsieur L.E. Gomez Ruiz,Ministre des Affaires Etrangères

du VenezuelaPresident: Charles J. Bernard (Suisse)Vice-Présidents: M. le Ministre de Belgique au Venezuela

M. le Ministre du Danemark au VenezuelaM. le Ministre des Pays-Bas au VenezuelaM. le Ministre de Suisse au VenezuelaM. M.A. Gonzalez Vale (Venezuela)M. S. Pérez Pérez (Venezuela)

Secretaire GeneralSecretary General: J.-P. Harroy (UIPN)

Secretaire General Adjoint: H. Hernandez Carabano (Venezuela)Assistant Secretary General

Secretaire AdministrativeAdministrative Secretary: line Marguerite Carao (UIPN)

Service des DocumentsDocuments Officer: Fred Id. Packard (Etats-Unis)

Service de TraductionTranslation Officer: Hrs. Annette Flugger (Etats-Unis)

- 11 -

First Sitting (8th Meeting of the Assembly)

Wednesday, 3 September, 1952 at 10:50 a.m.

The meeting was opened by the President, Mr. Charles J.Bernard, who made a short speech of welcome.

Approval of the Proceedings of the last meeting

The Proceedings of the seventh meeting of the Assembly(23 October, 1950) were unanimously approved.

Credentials Committee

Members of this Committee were Messrs. W. Burhenne(Germany), R. Dieffenbach (U.S.A.) and F. Pantin (Venezuela).Under the chairmanship of Mr. Dieffenbach the committeeverified the credentials of the delegates and announced thatat the time of voting there would be twenty-three votes, eightfor governments, twelve for public services and societies,and three for international organizations.

N. B. During the meeting the number was increased by theaddition of now members of the Union, bringing the count totwenty-nine votes; governments, eight, international organ-izations, four, and public services and societies, seventeen.

Resolution 61: BUREAU OF THE ASSEMBLY

By virtue of the rules of procedure, Messrs. Charles J.Bernard and Jean-Paul Harroy will respectively fill the •offices of President and Secretary-General throughout theSession. Six Vice-Presidents were elected: Their Excellenciesthe Ministers of Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands andSwitzerland, at Caracas, and Messrs. Gonzales Vale and S.Perez Perez, respectively Forestry Director and Director ofthe Department of International Organizations of the Ministryof Foreign Affairs of Venezuela.

Resolution 62: AGENDA OF THE ASSEMBLY

The agenda for the Third General Assembly was approvedas it stood in the preparatory documents for this session.

Resolution 63: CALENDAR OF THE ASSEMBLY

The calendar of the Third General Assembly was adopted asshown in the annex to the Agenda for the present meeting.This covers both the statutory meetings and those of atechnical nature.

Resolution 64: NEW MEMBERS OF THE UNION

On the recommendation of the Executive Board, thirty-threenew members were admitted to the Union by the Assembly.These are:

Austria:

Belgium:

- 12 -

Institut für Naturschutz

Fondation pour Favoriser l'Etude Scientifiquedes Parcs Nationaux du Congo Belge

Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomique duCongo Belge

Ministère des Colonies de BelgiqueMuséo Rojral du Congo BelgeLes Réserves Ornithologiques de BelgiqueTouring Club de Belgique

Belgian Congo:Union Congolaise pour la Protection de la Nature

Ceylon:

Chile:

France:

Germany:

Greece:

Italy:

Japan:

Madagascar:

Netherlands:

Ceylon Game and Fauna Protection Society

Consejo Nacional de Protección a la Naturaleza

Société Nationale d'Acclimatation de FranceSociété d'Histoire Naturelle de l'AisneSociété des Sciences Naturelles d'AutunSociété d'Histoire Naturelle de l'YonneSociété Géologique de FranceSociété Géologique du Nord de la FranceSociété des Sciences Naturelles de Seine et OiseSociété Zoologique de FranceSociété des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest de la

France

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Beaüftragter fürNatursehutz und Landschaftspfloge

Bund für Natursehutz in BayernSchutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild E.V.

Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature

Centro Appenninico

National Parks Association of Japan

Société des Amis du Parc Botanique et Zoologiquede Tsimbazaza

Conseil Provisoire pour la Protection de laNature

Netherlands Antilles - Curacao

Natuurwetenschappelijke Werkgroep

Union of South Africa:

The Natal Parks, Game and Fish Preservation Board

United Kingdom:Association of School Natural History SocietiesNational Federation of Young Farmers' Clubs

United States of America:

International:

The Wildlife Society

Commission Internationale pour la Protectiondes Régions Alpines

The President extended a cordial welcome to all new members,and especially to those whose representatives were present atthe Assembly.

Resolution 64a: CONSEQUENT TO THE PRECEDING RESOLUTION

The "Sveriges Ornithologiska Förening" (Sweden) may send atelegraphic request for membership in the IUPN shortly. Inanticipation of this possibility, the Assembly conditionallyadmits the said Society as a member of the Union.

Resolution 65: RULES OF PROCEDURE FOP TECHNICAL MEETINGS

Upon the proposal of the Venezuelan Organizing Committee,rules of procedure for the technical meetings of the organizationwere formulated. The rules of procedure as drafted for theCaracas meeting were examined by the Assembly and unanimouslyadopted as shown in the Annex to the Agenda under referenceUIPN/A.G.3/9/R.T./d.

Resolution 66: CHOICE OF PROPOSED MEMBERS OF THE BUREAU OFTHE TECHNICAL MEETING

Article 2 of the rules of procedure of the precedingresolution provided that the Executive Board of the IUPNshould propose candidates for election as President, Vice-Presidents, and Discussion Leader. It was announced that theproposal of the Executive Board was as follows: Mr. W. H.Phelps, Jr., President of the Venezuelan Society of NaturalSciences, as President; Messrs. C. A. Barreda (Peru) and HughBennett (USA) as Vice-Presidents; and Mr. W. Vogt (USA) asDiscussion Leader.

The meeting was adjourned at 12 noon.

After the meeting, the participants visited the NationalPantheon of Caracas to make a floral offering at the tomb ofthe Liberator Simon Bolivar.

- 13 -

- 14 -

Second Sitting (9th Meeting of the Assembly)

Wednesday, 3 September, 1952, at 5:00 p.m.

The meeting was opened at 3:00 p.m. by Mr. Charles J. Bernard,President.

Resolution 67: FINANCE AID BUDGET COMMITTEE

A Finance and Budget Committee was established, charged withseeking ways to obtain more resources' for the IUPN and also to fixthe administrative and working budget for the forthcoming biennialperiod. This group, to which the Executive Board has formulatedcertain recommendations (see Decisions N°s. 245, 246 and 247), wascomposed of the following:

Messrs. M. C. BloemersN. DahlbeckR. GreggG. LestelE. TejeraC. Yanez Bravo

Resolution 68: NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE

Messrs. G. BrouwerG. LestelR. Pough

(Netherlands)(Sweden)(U.S.A.)(France)(Venezuela)(Chile)

(Netherlands)(France)(U. S. A.)

were appointed members of the' Nominations Committee charged withthe preparation of proposals for the Assembly for the nominationof the President, one Vice-President, and four members of theExecutive Board.

Resolution 69: PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

A programme committee was established to formulate aprogramme of activities, together with the Finance and BudgetCommittee and the Education Commission, for presentation tothe Executive Board at its meeting on September 8th. Membersof this Committee were:

Miss

Messrs.

Phyllis Barclay-Smith (United Kingdom)

C. A. BarredaE. BeltranO. FournierI. N. GabrielsonE. GrahamW. H. Phelps,Jr.W. RobynsL. W. Swift

(Venezuela)(Mexico)(Canada)(U.S.A.)(U.S.A.)(Venezuela)(Belgium)(U.S.A.)

A. Villiers (French West Africa)W. Vogt (U.S.A.)

Resolution 70: UNIVERSAL MANIFEST COMMITTEE

A drafting Committee for a Universal Manifest for theProtection of Nature, for possible presentation to Unesco orto the United Nations, was established as follows:

Miss Phyllis Barclay-Smith (United Kingdom)Messrs. Roger Heim (France)

O. Murie (U.S.A.)L. Pohl (U.S.A.)G. Zuloaga (Venezuela)

Resolution 71: SURVIVAL SERVICE COMMITTEE

This Committee was placed under the Presidency of Mr.H. J. Coolidge (U.S.A. ), who has encouraged its activitiessince its inception, and included:

Mr. Ira N. Gabrielson has presided over this Commissionsince 1950. Unfortunately none of the members were present atCaracas. During the Assembly Mr. Gabrielson called a Committeeand submitted for consideration certain problems connected withhis present endeavours. This Committee was composed of:

Mrs. Annette FluggerMessrs. E. Beltran

C. A. BarredaP. BeltranO. FournierL. W. SwiftK. TanakaC. Yañez Bravo

(U.S.A.)(Mexico)(Peru)(Colombia)(Canada)(U.S.A.)(Japan)(Chile)

C. Torres de la Llosa (Uruguay)

Resolution 73: PUBLIC INFORMATION COMMISSION

Since 1951 Mr. R. W. Westwood (U.S.A.) has presided overthis Commission. Several members wore present at the CaracasAssembly. These were:

Messrs. R. P. AllenJ. BerliozS. Dillon RipleyP. R. FosbergP. GessnerR. GreggL. R. HoldridgeH. HumbertO. MurieA. Villiers

(U.S.A.)(France)(U.S.A.)(U.S.A.)(Germany)(U.S.A.)(Costa Rica)(France)(U.S.A.)(French West Africa)

Resolution 72: EDUCATION COMMISSION

- 15 -

- 16 -Messrs. M. C. Bloemers (Netherlands)

N. Dahlbeck (Sweden)Roger Heim (France)W. H. Phelps, Jr.(Venezuela)

as well as Mr. Richard A. Purser, Corresponding Secretary at Brusselsfor this Commission. To this group Mr. Westwood added:

Miss Phyllis Barclay-Smith (United Kingdom)Messrs. O. Fournier (Canada)

A. Smith (U.S.A.)

Resolution 74: PRESS COMMITTEE

This Committee was established as follows:

President: Mr. R. W. Westwood (U.S.A.)Members: Messrs. M. C. Bloemers (Netherlands)

I. Pohl (U.S.A.)W. Dupouy (Venezuela)

Resolution 75: CONTRACTS CONCLUDED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 10OF THE CONSTITUTION

The Assembly unanimously approved the contracts which theExecutive Board had concluded with Unesco, by virtue of Article 10of the Constitution, as of 2 March, 1951, 22 December, 1951, and2 May, 1952.

Resolution 76: NEXT TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE UNION

Confirming Decision N° 196 of the Board, the Assembly decidedto accept the proposal of the Austrian authorities to have the IUPNorganize a working meeting at Salzburg in 1953. The first twothemes to be accepted were: "Nature in Conflict with Technics andIndustry" and "Nature Protection in the Alps".

Activities reports of members, drafted in accordance withArticle 8 of the Constitution, were presented to the Assembly.These documents, numbered UIPN/A.G. 3/ll, were annexed to theAgenda for the Third General Assembly. They were sent from thefollowing organizations:

Inspection Fédérals des, Foretbs, Chasse et Pêche de SuisseNational Research CouncilInstitut Français d'Afrique NoireUnion for the Protection of Nature in NorwayTouring Club of BelgiumSociété Romande pour l'Etude et la Protection des OiseauxFinnish League for the Protection of NatureForest and Bird Protection Society of New ZealandSchutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild E. V.Naturfredningsradet of DenmarkDenmarks Naturfredningsforening

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In addition, six member organizations sent copies of theirannual report for the preceding period instead of draftinga special paper for the Union's Assembly.

Resolution 77: RECOMMENDATION TO THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT

In accordance with the provisions of Article 4, B, 3/c,the Assembly recommended that the Italian Government adoptConservation Measures on behalf of the great San RossoreForest, for which Mr, G. Binelli has fought ah unequal andcourageous fight for several years.

Resolution 78: RESOLUTION SUBMITTED BY MR. A. L. SUNIER

Resolution 79: PROPOSAL SUBMITTED BY MR. H. I. S. THIRLAWAY

Mr. H. I. S. Thirlaway of the Unesco Geophysical TeamLaboratory (Quetta, Pakistan), had suggested that the Unionapproach Directors of Zoological and Botanical Gardens toencourage them to set aside a large corner devoted to theflora and fauna of the country in which the Garden is located.Mr. J. Delacour (U.S.A.) remarked that as far as the animalsare concerned Mr. Thirlaway's recommendation should be trans-mitted to the International Union of Directors of ZoologicalGardens. Mr. W. Robyns (Belgium) suggested that it would beworth while to send the recommendation to the Board of theInternational Botanical Congress which is to meet in Parisduring July, 1954. Mr. Torres de la Llosa (Uruguay) requestedthat when the proposal of the Union's correspondent is finallyedited, the Resolution should be given wide publicity. Mr.Bloemers did not believe that such publicity could be planneduntil after the Union had obtained the reaction of the I.U.D.Z.G.to Mr. Thirlaway's proposal.

Messrs. M. C. BloemersJ. DelacourC. Torres de la LlosaA. Villiers

(Netherlands)(U. S. A.)(Uruguay)(French West Africa)

Annex 1 to Document A 3/4, submitted to the Assembly,contained a draft resolution prepared by the former Presidentof the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens,concerned with limiting the importation of animals belomgingto species protected in countries where they live in a wildstate. Several delegates, including Mr. M. C. Bloemers(Netherlands), considered it necessary, in the event theAssembly wished to make use of this text, to have it submittedfor the critical study of a limited Committee. It was decidedto establish this Committee as follows:

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Resolution 80: INSIGNIA OF THE UNION

It was decided that none of the proposed insignias submittedby Union members would be retained. These suggested designs wouldbe on display during the Assembly. An attempt will be made tofind a solution to this vexing problem by the time the Assemblyends (See Resolution 44, 23 October, 1950, 7th Meeting).

Resolution 81: POSSIBLE ESTABLISHMENT OF A LATIN-AMERICANREGIONAL OFFICE

The Assembly was informed of a proposal by Mr. G. Dennlerde la Tour and supported by Dr. Hugo Salomon, both of BuenosAires, for the establishment of a Latin-American office of theUnion.

The President explained the reasons why the Executive Boardhad decided that this suggestion should be transmitted to theAssembly without recommendation. Mr. E. Beltran (Mexico) spokeat length in support of the principle of establishing such anoffice, if not in accordance with Mr. Dennler de la Tour's plan.After a discussion in which those taking part were Messrs. C. A.Torres de la Llosa (Uruguay), W. H. Phelps, Jr. (Venezuela), andthe Secretary-General, it was decided to submit the complete textof Mr. Dennler de la Tour's proposal to a committee composed ofMessrs. E. Beltran (Mexico), C. Yañez Bravo (Chile), C. A; Torresde la Llosa (Uruguay), O. M. de Oliveira Pinto (Brazil), thePresident, the Secretary-General and, possibly, a member of theBoard of the I.U.P.N.

The meeting was adjourned at 5:00 p.m.

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3rd Sitting (10th Meeting of the Assembly)

Tuesday, 9 September, 1952, at 10:00 a.m.

The meeting was opened at 10:00 a.m. by Mr. Charles J.Bernard, President.

APPROVAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWO PRECEDING SITTINGS

The proceedings of the 8th and 9th meetings of theAssembly (3 September, 1952) were unanimously approved.

Resolution 82: NEW MEMBERS

Following approval of the Executive Board, two neworganizations were accepted for membership in the Union bythe Assembly:

Jardin Botanique de l'Etat (Belgium)Deutscher Naturschutzring (Germany)

Resolution 83: SECRETARY-GENERAL'S REPORT FOR THE PERIOD1950-1952

The Secretary-General's report was presented to theAssembly by the President, with the comments of the ExecutiveBoard, as provided for in Article VI, 6 of the Constitution.The report was unanimously approved. (Annexed).

Resolution 84: FINANCES

The Assembly unanimously approved the accounts aspresented by the Treasurer for the period from 1 October,1950 to 31 August 1952, as audited by Mr. R. Durdu, PublicAccountant, and as shown in the copy which was distributed.Approval was expressed for the Treasurer's financialmanagement until 31 August, 1952.,

Resolution 85: FINANCIAL AND BUDGET COMMITTEE REPORT

This report, read to the Assembly by Mr. M. C.Bloemers (Netherlands), was unanimously approved and ledto the two following resolutions.

Resolution 86: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR 1953 and 1954

The following budget was adopted:

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Administrative Budget: 1953 1954

Salaries and allowances $ 8,000 $ 8,000Rentals and office maintenance

(Belgian organization'scontribution - estimated 1,000 1,000

Office expenses (paper, furniture,stamps, telephone).............. 1,000 1,000

Travel expenses... 500 500

$10,500 $10,500

Operative Budget

Education

Teaching Aids $ 2, 000 $ 2,000Promoting establishment ofJunior Natural History andConservation organizations(information on existing organ-izations, small grants fortraveling expenses) 750 750

Promoting Youth Camps forConservation (information,small grants for travelingexpenses)...... 750 750

---Radio broadcasting of informationProduction and distribution ofvisual aidsa) Preparation of a stripfilm on

conservation. 2,000b) Other material....... 2,000

$ 5,500 $ 5,500

Conservation Service

General Expenses 2,000 2,000

---

Liaison with: specialized UnitedNations agencies 1,000 1,000International Manifest forthe Protection of nature......

Assembling documentation on:Bush fires 2,000Water Pollution 2,000

Publication of documentationon bush fires 2,000

Assembling documentation onnature reserves (nomenclature)and publication of an Atlas 1,000

Scientific researchSurvival Service 5,000 5,000

----------

----- -----

..........

.......

..................

..................

...........

..............

...................

.......

..............

..............

............................

.............. ..

1953

Publication of CaracasAssembly Proceedings $ 4,000Activities of the PublicInformation Commission 5,000

Total for both budgets $ 36,000

Anticipated Receipts

Membership Dues 4,500Unesco subsidies hoped for 6,000Subsidy of the VenezuelanOrganizing Committee forpublication of the CaracasAssembly proceedings 4,000Subsidy of the American NatureAssociation for beginning ofthe Public InformationCommission 5,000

Dutch contribution for Atlaspublication 1,000

$ 20,000

Extraordinary anticipatedreceipts 15,500

$ 36,000

1954

5,000

----

$ 33,000

$ 11,000

22,000

$ 33,000

Resolution 87: MEMBERSHIP DUES

Notwithstanding alterations in money values, the amountfor membership fees has not varied since the FontainebleauConference. For psychological reasons, the Assembly, inresponse to the recommendations of the Financial andProgramme Committees,, decided not to alter the 1948 scaleas shown in the blue brochure of November, 1948, entitled"International Union for the Protection of Nature" (Page 30).

However, an addition was made to the GovernmentalSubscription table, to be as follows henceforth:

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

Population less than 5 million inhabitants $ 250 a year

Population between 5 and 10 million inhabitants 500 a yearPopulation between 10 and 15 million inhabitants 750 a yearPopulation between 15 and 20 million " 1,250 a yearPopulation between 20 and 50 million " 2,000 a yearPopulation between 50 and 100 million " 2,500 a yearPopulation over 100 million inhabitants 3,000 a year

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.....

5,000 6,000

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Resolution 88: REPORT OF THE SURVIVAL SERVICE COMMITTEE

This report was read to the Assembly by Mr. H. J. Coolidge(U.S.A.), President of the Committee. It was unanimously approvedas shown in the annex to these Proceedings. The three recommen-dations which he presented to the Assembly were also ratified,as follows:

"It is recommended that the Union bring to the attention of theGovernment of Chile the desirability of further protection ofthe National Park of Masafuera, in the Juan Fernandez Islands,the elimination of the goats on this island, and the desirabilityof placing the Desventuradas Islands in the category of a strictnature reserve."

"It is recommended that the Union bring to the attention of theFrench Colonial Government the desirability of strong protectionof the natural vegetation and animal life of the MarquesasIslands and the Island of Rapa, as recommended by the 7th PacificScience Congress in 1949".

"It is recommended to the International BotanicalCongress (Paris, 1954), and to other appropriate botanical meetings,that they schedule symposia on the problems of saving rare andvanishing plant species and their habitats,"

Resolution 89: REPORT OF THE PUBLIC INFORMATION COMMISSION

This report was presented by the Commission's President,Mr. R. W. Westwood (U.S.A.). It was unanimously approved as.'.shown in an annex to these Proceedings, and led to the twofollowing resolutions.

Resolution 90: ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ASSOCIATION OF "FRIENDS OFTHE IUPN"

It was decided to establish a non-profit association to becalled "Friends of the IUPN" with headquarters at Brussels. Thisorganization will contain individual members and can, by applyingto those who have given proof of their interest in the Union'swork, supply supplementary means for it to broaden its activities.

Resolution 91: EMBLEM OF THE UNION

Under the auspices of the Public Information Commission,an international contest will be organized, with a cash prize,to select an emblem for the Union. Mr. Westwood will arrange thecontest conditions with the Union Secretariat. The suggestion ofMr. G. H. Lestel (France) that if the prizewinner is a youngcompetitor the prize would be awarded in the form of a grant fortravel in connection with a nature protection project will be takeninto consideration.

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Resolution 92: EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO THE CARACAS NEWSPAPERS

At the time of the examination of the activities of thePress Committee (See Resolution 74, 9th Meeting, 3 September,1952) and upon the proposal of Mr. W. Vogt (U.S.A.), theAssembly decided to express its gratitude to the variousCaracas newspapers which have kept up the public's attentionand interest in the work of the I.U.P.N.

Resolution 93: REPORT OF THE EDUCATION COMMISSION

This report was read to the Assembly by the Commission'sPresident, Dr. I. N. Gabrielson (U.S.A.). It was unanimouslyapproved as shown in the annexes to these Proceedings. Theresolutions included were thus ratified by the Assembly.

Resolution 94: SUBSEQUENT TO THE PRECEDING - ACTIVITIES OFTHE PAN AMERICAN UNION

Dr. Gabrielson next read a special report, a copy of whichis also included as an annex to these Proceedings, concerning theremarkable activity of the Pan American Union in educationalmatters in the field of conservation. The Assembly expressed itsthanks to the Pan American Union for its achievements which areof great help to the I.U.P.N. now that it is beginning itsactivity on the American continent, and adopted the followingresolution:

"The IUPN congratulates the Pan American Union for itsinterest and activities in conservation education, and expressesthe sincere hope that it will establish a comprehensiveconservation education programme throughout latin America."

Resolution 95: CARACAS MANIFEST FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

The Committee established by Resolution 70 (9th Meeting,3 September 1952) completed the draft for the manifest andpresented its text to the Assembly. , Mr. Roger Heim (France)stated the intentions of this Committee. It was only a questionof asking the delegates present to: approve on principle thesubmission of this draft either to Unesco or to the United Nations,in order to have it prepared, in collaboration with experiencedinternational jurists, in a form which would ensure its favour-able reception by a General Conference, and later ratificationby Governments.

Due to lack of time it was not possible for the Assemblyto discuss article by article the draft prepared by the Committee.But it is assumed that the text which has been distributed, acopy of which is annexed to these Proceedings, will be studied byall delegates, and all useful suggestions regarding it will beconsidered as far as possible.

Resolution 96:

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SUBSEQUENT TO RESOLUTION 78 - RESOLUTION PREPAREDBY MR. A. I. SUNIER

The limited Committee appointed by Resolution 78 (9th Meeting,3 September 1952) submitted a report which was read by Mr. A.Villiers (French West Africa). The report was approved and thefollowing Resolution was adopted by the Assembly:

"It is desirable that in all countries the importation of animalsbelonging to species which are protected in their natural habitatshould be prohibited, unless it has been definitely establishedthat the exportation of such animals from their country of originhas been carried out under completely legal conditions. In thosecountries where such legislation is already enacted, it is highlydesirable that it should be rigorously enforced."

Resolution 97: SUBSEQUENT TO RESOLUTION 81 - POSSIBLE ESTABLISH-

MENT OF A REGIONAL LATIN-AMERICAN OFFICE

Mr. E. Beltran (Mexico), who had suggested the establish-ment of a committee on 3 September (Resolution 81, 9th Meeting)to study the proposal of Messrs. G. Dennler de la Tour and H.Salomon, of Buenos Aires, had not found an opportunity to have ameeting of this Committee in the short time since its appointment.But several members had studied the proposal and expressed advice,which Mr. Beltran had summarized in a text he read to the Assembly.The conclusions of this note were unanimously approved and led tothe following resolution:

"When a group of neighbouring countries containing members of theI.U.P.N. consider it desirable to establish temporary or permanentcontacts among themselves in order to study scientific problems,it will be permissible for such a group to establish regulationsfor their organization and to supply their financial needs, withoutreceiving contributions from the Union. Such groups shall haveno statutory rank within the IUPN and the Secretariat of the Unionshall continue to deal directly with the various countries".

Resolution 98: REPORT OF THE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

This report was presented by the President and Secretaryof this Committee: Messrs. W. Robyns (Belgium) and Ovila Fournier(Canada). The Assembly unanimously approved the report as shownannexed to these Proceedings. Favourable reception was also givento the suggestion of Mr. A. Smith (U.S.A.), requesting that theUnion should continue to concern itself with the unfavourableresults of military manoeuvres and establishments on naturalcommunities (the Secretary-General reminded the delegates thatthis had been done, in fact, for Eastern Europe on previousoccasions). Mr. Robyns requested that particular attention begiven to Point 4 of his Committee's report, providing for:

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Resolution 99: PUBLICATION OF AN ATLAS OF NATURE RESERVESIN THE WORLD

The Assembly enthusiastically approved the enterprisebegun by the Secretariat, and requested that all members ofthe Union support it with all possible assistance, by sub-mitting information, maps, and photographs, to make thisproject successful, for the result could have great importancefor the organization.

Resolution 100: LOCATION OF THE NEXT GENERAL ASSEMBLY

The Assembly unanimously thanked the Danish Governmentand accepted its invitation to hold the Fourth GeneralAssembly at Copenhagen during the summer of 1954, immediatelyfollowing the International Botanical Congress which is tobe held at Paris.

Sincere thanks were also addressed to the BavarianGovernment, which had invited the Union to meet in Munichin 1954, both directly and through the SchutzgemeinschaftDeutsches Wild of that city, and to the National ParksAssociation of Japan which had extended a similar invitation.

Overpopulation and the Protection of Nature

Mr. E. Beltran (Mexico) submitted a draft resolution(text annexed to these Proceedings) suggesting that the IUPNshould not remain indifferent to the problem of the alarmingincrease of the earth's human population, basic root of thepresent day upsetting of natural equilibrium in all parts ofthe world. The author of this resolution himself recommendedthat no decision be made regarding this delicate questionwithout profound study.

Mr. A. Smith (U.S.A.) stated that he was convincedof the pertinence of Mr. Beltran's proposal, since the problemis of vital importance and its consequences concern directlythe activities of the Union. In his "opinion it is possibleto tackle the problem objectively and scientifically withoutincurring hostile reactions for the organization.

Mr. Hernandez Carabaño (Venezuela), believed that thesolution is not to be found in an attempt to control births.Primarily there must be a greater effort to increase productionof resources which Nature provides for human economy. He feltthat the present technical progress is conducive to optimism.

Mr. N. Dahlbeck (Sweden) shared the views of Mr. Smith,and stated that the severity of the situation is incontrovertibleIf unfavourable opinions resulting from a hastily formeddecision are to be avoided, the Assembly might postponetaking a stand at this time and assign the question to theagenda for the 1954 Assembly. In response to Mr. Hernandez

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Carabaño, Mr. W. Vogt (U.S.A.) admitted that technicalefficiency has increased, but he is convinced that it has notkept pace with the world population increase. He suggestedthat the discussion be continued in the afternoon session.

Mr. Hernandez Carabano was not in favour of a postponement,and was supported by other delegates. Mr, P. Packard (U.S.A.)expressed astonishment that Mr. Beltran's proposed resolutionshould have caused anxiety and even objections. In his opinionthe resolution was drawn up in perfectly measured and carefulterms. It recommends that the problem, whose existence andimportance no-one can deny, should be the objective of study,particularly by the W.H.O. What would the Assembly have tofear, he asked, in following Mr. Beltran's recommendation?

Mr. M. C. Bloemers (Netherlands) was also of the opinionthat the situation should be considered without delay. Hesuggested that the proposed text should be toned down in orderthat it might be more acceptable.

Mr. W. "Vogt supported this proposal.

Mr. A. Smith was insistant that an immediate vote bepassed. Mr. Hernandez Carabaño stated that he would like tohave the United Nations spontaneously take up the problem,without the Union's making its position public at this time.

Since the time had arrived for the Assembly members toleave for the "Casa Amarilla" where they had been kindlyinvited by His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairsof Venezuela, the President recommended that the meeting beinterrupted.

There were several protestations, but a non-statutoryvote of those in attendance was taken, and by thirty-six votesto fifteen it was agreed to defer the discussion and

the meeting was adjourned at 12:40 p.m.

- 27 -

Fourth Sitting (11th Meeting of the Assembly)

Tuesday, 9 September, 1952 at 3:30 P.m.

The meeting was opened at 3:30 p.m. by Mr. CharlesJ. Bernard, President.

Continuation of the morning discussion: Overpopulationand the protection of nature

Mr. Roger Heim (France) was the first speaker. Hestressed the importance of the subject brought, up fordiscussion by Mr, Beltran's proposal, and especially thenecessity for the Union to act cautiously and thus not missthe opportunity to play a useful role in this field, ashasty action might jeopardize the essential objectives.It was impossible, without preparation and when time waspressing, to search successfully then and there for anattitude which it would be both effective and prudent forthe Union to take. It would be much better to place thequestion on the agenda for a subsequent meeting.

Mr. C. Torres de la Llosa (Uruguay) wanted torestore the discussion to its basis and did not share thesame views as most of the morning speakers. The probleminvolves science and religion. The world belongs toeverybody. He did not believe that the I.U.P.N. shouldtake the position as recommended by Mr. Beltran.

Mr. William Vogt (U.S.A.) did not agree. But heshared Mr. Heim's opinion that the discussion had not beensufficiently prepared, and that there was no opportunity,due to lack of time, to develop it as it required. There-fore he recommended closing the debate and organizing acommittee to prepare a project which would allow the IUPNto take a reasonable position on the problem in 1954.

The President was pleased to accept Mr. Vogt'sproposal and to support it.

Mr. C. Yañez Bravo (Chile) deplored the suggestionof postponing a discussion and a vote. He believed thatthis would be dodging a responsibility, for which he citedvarious examples in latin America. His approach evensurpassed the plan described in Mr. Beltran's proposal.He called to mind the disinherited classes which are thevictims of the present situation, and spoke of the socialand political problems, both serious and urgent, which itcauses. He asked in the name of democracy that the questionbe referred to the United Nations without further delay.

The President considered it dangerous for the organ-ization to embark on this route without preparation,especially since specialized agencies of the United Nations,WHO and FAO, are already concentrating on the problem.

- 28 -

Mr. Beltran declared that in regard to a method ofprocedure, the situation would be completely clarified if he wouldwithdraw his original proposal, thus allowing the Assembly toconsider only Mr. Vogt's recommendation. The President approvedof this view and Mr. Beltran then withdrew his proposal.

Before voting on the motion by Mr. Vogt, Mr. HernandezCarabaño stated that he would nevertheless like to have thediscussion completed.

Mr. W. Robyns (Belgium) was of the opinion that the problemformed a whole difficult to divide into headings, some of whichthe IUPN could deal with and others which were outside of itscompetence. He asked that it be recorded in the Proceedings thatin the event of a vote he would abstain.

Mr. Hernandez Carabaño repeated his request to have thediscussion continued, Mr. Beltran suggested that a vote be takenfirst on that point. The President agreed and called for a vote.

The Secretary-General first carefully established thenumber and identity of those eligible to vote in accordance withthe provisions of Article IV, C, 4 of the Constitution. Twenty-nine votes were counted.

Mr. Hernandez Carabaño's request to have the discussioncontinued regarding the import of Mr. Vogt's proposal lost bytwenty-nine out of twenty-nine votes.

Next Mr. Vogt's proposal to organize a committee todetermine at the Copenhagen Assembly what position the IUPNshould take in regard to the problem of overpopulation wasadopted by twenty-two out of twenty-nine votes, with sevenabstentions.

Resolution 101: RESOLUTION PRESENTED BY. MR. W. VOGT

The following, resolution was adopted:

"The Mexican Association for the Protection of Nature(affiliated with the IUPN) has reported the recent establishmentin Mexico of the Mexican Institute of Renewable Natural Resources,as a non-governmental organization that will concern itself withthe study of conservation problems in the broadest sense, as wellas how to develop a programme of conservation, education andpublicity, with its original capital derived from the CharlesLathrop Pack Forestry Foundation and various Mexican organizations,

The IUPN considers this a praiseworthy effort on the partof one of its affiliates, as well as the international collaborationfor the establishment and support of the Institute and

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Resolves: The IUPN regards with sympathy the creation of theMexican Institute of Renewable Natural Resources and wishesit success in its important labours, at the same time seeingwith satisfaction the international cooperation in thesemeasures and the private support given them."

Resolution 102: HONORARY MEMBER

Dr. Hugh Bennett, the first Director of the UnitedStates Soil Conservation Service, and presently a SpecialAssistant to the Secretary of Agriculture, was named anHonorary Member of the IUPN by acclamation, in accordancewith the provisions of Article II, 4 of the Constitution.

Resolution 105: PRESIDENT OF THE UNION

In the name of the Nominations Committee, Mr. R. Pough(U.S.A.) explained to the Assembly, which approved, that inprinciple the President of the organization should not retainhis post for more than two consecutive biennial periods.However, Mr. Charles J. Bernard, who has served for fouryears as President, is entitled to special recognition bythe Assembly since he was the Pounding President, and it wassuggested that he be renominated as President for a new two-year term.

By acclamation the Assembly re-elected Mr. Charles J.Bernard as President for the 1952-54 period. Mr. Bernardexpressed his thanks for this mark of friendship and esteem,and announced that in 1954 he would not accept furtherre-election; that this term would be his last.

Resolution 104: NOMINATION FOR A VICE-PRESIDENT

On the proposal of the Nominations Committee, theAssembly, by acclamation, elected Mr. W. H. Phelps, Jr.(Venezuela) as Vice-President, vice Mr. Roger Heim (France),whose term of office was concluded. Sincere thanks wereexpressed to Mr. Heim for the exceptional devotion he hasshown to the Union.

Resolution 105: NEW MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD

Five replacements were required for the Executive Boarddue to completion of terms for five members who were not eligiblefor re-election. These were, Messrs. Roger Heim (France, Vice-President), H. Humbert (France), V. Van Straelen (Belgium),R. Videsott (Italy), and W. Vogt (U.S.A.). (N.B.: Mr. W. H.Phelps, Jr., who was elected to a Vice-Presidency, was alreadya member of the Executive Board).

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As proposed by the Nominations Committee, the Assembly-appointed the following five members to the Board: Messrs. E.Beltran (Mexico), B. Benzon (Denmark), O. Fournier (Canada),I. N. Gabrielson (U.S.A.), and Th. Monod (France).

The Assembly expressed its sincere thanks to Messrs.Humbert, Van Straelen, Videsott and Vogt.

Resolution 106: NOMINATION OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

As proposed by the Executive Board, the Assemblyunanimously renamed Mr. J-P. Harroy as Secretary-General.

The Assembly expressed its thanks by applause to MmeMarguerite Caram, Chief of the Administrative Secretariat.

Resolution 108: RESOLUTIONS OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING

The Assembly adopted the twenty-three resolutionssubmitted by the Technical Meeting.

Resolution 109: MOTION OF THANKS

The Assembly expressed its warmest thanks to the Govern-ment of Venezuela for the invitation which it had addressed tothe Union and for the particularly generous and cordial mannerwith which the participants had been received at Caracas. TheVenezuelan Government was assured of lasting gratitude by theentire organization.

Resolution 110: MOTION OF THANKS

By its applause the Assembly expressed its deep gratitudeto the members of the Organizing Committee who, by theiractivities and devotion before and during the sessions, by theirdiligence and courtesy during the meetings, made this Assemblypossible and particularly agreeable for all concerned. A specialmotion of gratitude was passed for the President of the OrganizingCommittee, Mr. W. H. Phelps, Jr., who devoted the best part of histime and effort for several months to insure that this Assemblywould be the success it obviously was. Gratitude was alsoexpressed to Dr. H. Hernandez Carabaño, Secretary of the OrganizingCommittee and Assistant Secretary-General of the Technical Meeting,who proved his fine talents for organization before the meeting andwho, all during the session, showed amazing obligingness, activityand kindness to all. Mr. Phelps stated that a great part of thethanks addressed to him and to Dr. Hernandez Carabaño should beshared by their colleagues on the Organizing Committee: Messrs.E. Tejera, M. A. Gonzales Vale, G. Angel Lovera, G. Zuloaga, F.Pantin, J. de las Casas, T. Lasser, E. de Bellard Pietri, and E.Mondolfi. The Assembly expressed its special thanks to the Womens'Committee, which, under the guidance of Mrs. W. H. Phelps, Jr.were ingenious in seeing that those wives who accompanied theirhusbands to Caracas would never forget the enjoyable days theyspent there. The meeting was adjourned at 5:00 p.m.

Resolution 107: EXPRESSION OF THANKS TO THE CHIEF OF THE

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REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE IUPN FOR 1951 - 1952

prepared by the Secretary-General for the third sessionof the Union's General Assembly in accordance with theprovisions of Article VI of the Constitution.

I. ORGANIZATION

a) Members:

In accordance with Article II of the Constitution, the -Unionis composed of:

1) Governments2) Public services3) International organizations, institutions and associations.4) Non-governmental national organizations, institutions

and associations.

At the time of the 1950 Assembly, four governments hadannounced their adherence to the Constitution. They are, inchronological order, the Governments of:

SwitzerlandGrand Duchy of LuxemburgNetherlandsBelgium

Since then, the Government of Denmark has become the fifthGovernment to honour the Union by becoming a member.

Moreover, a large number of approaches have been made in anendeavour to obtain new governmental ratifications, now that theUnion has reached a point where it can show concrete accomplish-ments. It seems probable that several of these approadhes willreach a favourable result. Generally speaking, the receptionwhich has been given to these soundings,both in official circlesapproached directly and amongst national organizations, membersof the Union whose help and advice was sought, has proved to beextremely encouraging. It is to be hoped that at the time of theCaracas Assembly one or another governmental observer may bringus the news that his Government has decided to join the Union.

To the seventy-two founding members of the IUPN, fifty-onenew members+ were added in 1950 by the Assembly in accordancewith Article II of the Constitution. Since then, twenty-sixorganizations, services or institutions have been admittedtemporarily as members of the Union by the Executive Board, pendingratification by the Assembly. Recently, four organizations havesolicited membership, subject to the decision of the GeneralAssembly.

If all applications which have been submitted are accepted,at the time of the Third General Assembly the Union will have atotal of one hundred and fifty-seven members.

+Counting the members of the British Co-ordinating Committee andof the Fédération Françhise des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles.

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The Union can only ask those who support its efforts to helpreinforce the ranks of its members by bringing new adherents to ourorganization.

b) Executive Board:

The Constitution provides that the Executive Board shall meetat least once a year in ordinary session. The new Executive Boardconstituted by the Brussels Assembly has met four times since, andthe Bureau has met a fifth time on the authorization of the Board,on the following dates:

Spa and BrusselsParisThe HagueParis (Bureau meeting)Caracas

21 and 23 October 195030 April and 1 May 195120 and 21 September 195127 March 19522 September 1952

(2 meetings)(3 meetings)(2 meetings)(2 meetings)(2 meetings)

In the course of these eleven meetings of the Board and theBureau, more than one hundred decisions wore taken in accordance withArticle V of the Constitution.

c) Commissions:

Of the three commissions established at Fontainebleau and intheory maintained in activity by the Board: 1) Education, 2) Nomen-clature, 3) Publications - only the Education Commission has had areal existence. It was re-organized at the Brussels Assembly andplaced under the Presidency of Dr. Ira N. Gabrielson, President ofthe Wildlife Management Institute of Washington.

This Commission is composed of the following members, andtheir activity is described further on in this report.:

President:Members:

Ira N. GabrielsonJ. G. BaerG. BrewerF. DarlingJ-J. DeheynJ. GoudswaardM. MikulskiT. G. NelJ. Yepes

(U.S.A.)(Switzerland)(U.S.A.)(United Kingdom)(Belgian Congo)(Netherlands)(Poland)(Union of South Africa)(Argentina) .

The Nomenclature Commission, since its discussions at Brussels(see Reports of the Assembly, pages 35 and 36), has not been active.The Secretariat has drawn up a first plan of action, and 'its limitedbut precise objectives will bo seen by participants of the Assemblyin a document which is distributed at Caracas.

As to the Publication Commission, the rare occasions whichthe organization has to publish anything other than the proceedingsof meetings has left this commission with no objective. The singleoriginal publication of the Union: "The Position of Nature Protec-tion Throughout the World in 1950", was ordered by the GeneralAssembly itself during its deliberations in Brussels (pp. 36 and 37of the Proceedings).

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A fourth Commission was created in 1951, corresponding in theNew World to the "Propaganda Committee" which was the objectiveof Resolution 47 of the Assembly (7th Session, 23 October, 1950)This "Public Information Commission" owes its existence to thegenerosity of the American Nature Association. The achievementsof this Commission will bo described further on in this report.Its composition is as follows:

Correspondent assigned to Brussels: Mr. Richard A. Purser

The Union owes its deepest gratitude to Mr. RichardWestwood and the American Nature Association.

(1) Col. R. W. Burton will be replaced on this Commission byHis Highness the Maharajah of Mysore.

d) Secretariat

In accordance with Article VI of the Constitution, themembers of the Secretariat have been chosen on as wide ageographical basis as possible. Madame Marguerite Caram, Chiefof the Administrative Secretariat since the founding of theUnion, has continued to carry out the delicate and involvedduties of the Secretariat during the biennial period 1950-1952.All those who have had any contact whatsoever with the organ-ization know how much the Union owes to the unexcelled devotion,the intelligence, the encyclopedic memory and the extraordinaryworking ability of Madame Caram.

Of the several assistants who have worked with MadameCaram three are presently employed. Miss Susannah Coolidge,American, was unfortunately obliged to give up her valuableservices to the Union in November, 1950. Mlle. ClaudineDejaiffe, of French origin, joined the. Union on May 24th, 1949,and continues her excellent and devoted service to the organ-ization. Miss Nancy Thacher, also an American, competentlyhandled the English language work of the Union from October,1950 until November, 1951. Mlle. Nicole Garnir, Belgian,another valuable addition to our secretarial staff, joined usat the time of the Brussels Assembly and is still with us.For the English correspondence, Miss Thacher has been replacedpart time by Mr. Richard Purser, American, who is in additionthe loyal Brussels correspondent for the Public InformationCommission.

President: Mr. Richard W. Westwood,

Members: Messrs. R. W. Burton (1)Nils DahlbeckJ-J. DeheynRoger Heim

President of theAmerican NatureAssociationIndiaSwedenBelgian CongoFrance

G. F. Herbert Smith United KingdomKees MeijersW. H. Phelps, Jr.Jacques Santorinéos

NetherlandsVenezuela

Greece

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M. Pierre Aptekers, librarian-typist, was engaged in Febru-ary, 1949 by the Union and put at the disposal of the InternationalOffice for the Protection of Nature, where he continues his usefulwork for that office. The accounts of the Union have been care-fully and competently kept since Fontainebleau by M, G. de Vlees-chauwer. accountant of the "Ponds National de la Recherche Scien-tifique" and of the "Fondation Universitaire de Belgique". Thereport of M. R. Durdu, chartered accountant, pays tribute to thequality of M. de Vleeschauwer's work (cf. enclosed).

The mail of the Union is dealt with through the part-timeservices of M. G. Labarre, of the personnel of the "Institut pourla Recherche Scientifique en Afrique Centrale".

II. FINANCE

Attached in appendix:

a) Balance Sheet and Income and Expenditure Account of theUnion as at 31 December 1951 (these documents are reproduced in theletter of M. R. Durdu, chartered accountant).

b) Balance Sheet and Income and Expenditure Account of theUnion as at 31 July 1952.

c) Copy of the report of the chartered accountant who auditedand approved the accounts.

Of these figures it should be borne in mind:

1°) That the membership fees for the period under review, 1950-1952, amounted to 446,601.50 Belgian francs.

Among these, the Governmental membership fees were:

Belgium: 50,000.00 Belgian francsDenmark: 11,434.29Grand Duchy of Luxemburg: 15,338.00Netherlands. 74,967.24Switzerland 22,763.65

174,503.18 Belgian francs

N.B.: Denmark's membership fee (11,409.00 was paid at the beginningof August, 1952, for the period 1952, and is not included inthe above figures.

Herewith is a recapitulation of payments by countries, notincluding governmental contributions or special grants:

Australia 2,083.30 Belgian francsAustria 1,984.00 " "Belgium............... 53,133 00 " "Canada 1,164.00 " "Denmark 9,570.12 " "Finland 2,500.00 " "France.. 0 " plus 141,000 Fr.frs.Germany 7,487.75 " francsGreec 6,001.00 " "

7,527.0

e

...............

...............

...............

...............

...............

...............

...............

...............

..

..

..

..

..

...

...

.

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2°) That during the same period, special contributions amountedto 503,278.77 Belgian francs, divided as follows:

Austria: Austrian Bundesministerium 4,783.77 4,783.77

Belgium: Comité Spécial du Katanga 50,000.00Fondation pour Favoriserl'Etude Scientifique desParcs Nationaux du CongoBeige 50,000.00 100,000.00

France: Académie des Sciences.Institut de France. 198,807.00

Société des Amis du ParcBotanique de Madagascar 150.00 198,957.00

United Kingdom: British Museum 8,970.00 8,970.00

United States: American Committee forInternational WildlifeProtection 110,457.80

National Parks Service 4,998.50National Wildlife Fed. 25,106.35New York Zoological Soc. 25,105.35Wild Life Management Inst.24,900.00 190,568.00

Totals: 503,278.77 503,278.77

3°) That during the past biennial period, accomplishment of thespecial tasks of the Union has been made possible by thegenerosity of Unesco, which has made contracts with the Union,detailed as follows:

Contract of 2 March 1951 $ 6,000.00Lessons for schoolsCard-index film file

Italy. ..IndiaLuxemburgMexicoNetherlandslew ZealandNorwayPolandSwedenSwitzerland..Union of South Africa.United KingdomUnited StatesVenezuela,International

11,087.201,020.007,500.002,401.009,862.554,974.464,972.502,496.007,493.208,382.60

12,164.4627,661.0068,166.384,966.807,500.00

Belgian""""""""""""""

francs""""""""""""""

Total Belgian francs 272,098.32 plus 141,000 French frs.

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Contract of 19 December 1951Exhibit standsUniversal documentNew lessons for schools

Contract of 2 May 1952Conservation ServiceHandbook on Conservation

300,000.00 Belgian francs

300,000.00 Belgian francs

4°) That as in the past, the general office and travelling expenseshave been kept at the lowest possible minimum; only the mailing costshave reached a higher figure as a result of heavily increased mailing:34,087.50 francs in 1951 and 42,008.70 in 1952 (7 months), while only7,436.55 (1951) and 7,701.75 francs (1952) were spent for generalsecretarial expenses, exclusive of salaries. However, from thepostal expenses for 1952 the amount for airmailing in connectionwith the Caracas Assembly is deductible, since the VenezuelanOrganizing Committee has generously offered to reimburse theUnion for these charges. Thus the total postage expenses willbe reduced from 42,008.70 francs by about one third.

III. ACHIEVEMENTS

During the second biennial period in the life of the Union,the general objectives of the Secretariat were somewhat modifiedas a result of the directives given to the Assembly at Brussels.The emphasis was placed most insistently on the field of education,inasmuch as Unesco had indicated that it was particularly disposedto underwrite such enterprises. As a result the Union was obligedto defer projected studies of an ecological nature (GroundnutScheme, Bush Fires) which had been scheduled in 1949 in the hopeof interesting governments in the Union's work. It was also obviousthat such studies would exceed the present abilities of the Unionand might also cause conflicts with the objectives of such UnitedNations agencies as the F.A.O.

A recapitulation of the achievements of the period underreview is herewith presented, as succinctly as possible. Thesummary takes up the directives of Article I of the Constitution,paragraph by paragraph:

1. The Union shall encourage and facilitate co-operation betweengovernments and international organizations concerned with, andpersons interested in, the "Protection of Nature".

The principal achievement of the Union under this headingwas the establishment of an International Commission for theProtection of Nature in the Alps, with Mr. Charles J. Bernard,President of the Union, as President, and Mr. Wolfgang Burhenne,Secretary-General of the Schutzgemeinschaft Deutsches Wild, ofMunich, as Secretary. The first initiative of the Union in thismatter was taken as a result of a suggestion by the Italian memberof the Executive Board, Professor Renzo Videsott. Credit shouldbe given to the above-mentioned Munich Society and to the Bund fürNaturschutz in Bavaria, which organized a "Tagung" in Rottach in May,1952, where the Commission was created. Mr. Bernard took a leading

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part in the catalyzing action of the Union on this occasion.He made three trips to Germany in 1951 and 1952 to representthe Union at the important preliminary meetings, and tookadvantage of several visits to Italy and France to instigatethe project. The efficiency of his intervention was demonstratedby the unaminity of his election as President of the Commission,which is now in an active status.

The Union has been occupied with facilitating internationalco-operation in the following cases:

a) Frontier problems between Belgium and The Netherlands:the Kalmthout Dunes, protection of St, Pierre Mountain, mouth ofthe Zwin.

b) Mission of the British biologist, Mr. Hugh Farmar, tostudy the problem of the preservation of the last nucleus ofwild goats on the Island of Crete; with the assistance of theHellenic Society for the Protection of Nature promised to Mr.Farmar following intervention by the Union.

c) Mission of the American biologist, Mr. Charles Wharton,charged by the Coolidge Foundation to survey the survival statusof the Kouprey (Novibos sauveli) in Indo-China.

d) Protection of birds on Lake Constance (Baden,Switzerland).

e) Decision by the Société d'Acclimatation de France togive an international character to its Conseil Supérieur desRéserves, following an approach by the Union in view ofreinforcing the status of the Camargue Reserve.

f) Steps taken in agreement with the International Committeefor Bird Preservation to obtain protection for a valuable biotopeon the banks of Lake Manyas (Turkey) with the financial assistanceof the American Committee for International Wild Life Protection.

g) Various correspondence with British and French authoritiesin view of reinforcing the protection of large African anthropoidsby a stricter surveillance over the exportation of animals.

Under the heading of international co-operation referencemust be made to the International Conferences in which the IUPNhas been invited to participate: the meeting of the A.A.A.S. atCleveland (1950), meetings of the B.A.A.S. at Edinburgh (1951)and at Belfast (1952), conference of the A.F.A.S. at Tunis (1950),conference of the A.C.F.A.S. at Quebec (1952), assembly of theC.I.P.O. at Upsala (1950). At all these conferences the IUPNhas been officially represented by a special delegate, usuallya member of the Executive Board.

2, The Union shall promote and recommend national andinternational action in respect to:

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a) The preservation in all parts of the world of wild lifeand the natural environment, soils, water, forests, including theprotection and preservation of areas, objects and fauna and florahaving scientific, historic, or aesthetic significance by appropri-ate legislation such as the establishment of national parks, naturereserves and monuments and wild life refuges, with special regardto the preservation of species threatened with extinction.

At the risk of displeasing certain friends of the Union,the Executive Board, or, in its place, the Bureau, has neverswerved from the prudent policy installed in the first months ofthe Union's existence. Interventions, particularly governmentalones, are never undertaken without serious study, with as muchcross-checking as possible of all the elements contained in thefiles of the organization or known to the person who suggests suchintervention by the Union, The reason for this is that all wouldbe lost by a badly advised approach which might bring a negativeresponse from a State, pointing out pertinent factors unknown tothe Union. Herewith are some examples of steps effected duringthe period 1950-1952:

Approaches to Governments:

General: Official transmission of the conclusions of the TechnicalMeeting at The Hague (20-22 September, 1951) to the governments ofsixty-five countries, in accordance with Resolution III (See p. 45of the Proceedings and Reports).

Austria:

Indonesia:

Nepal:

Belgium:

Germany:

Italy:

Turkey:

Safeguarding of the Krimml Waterfall. Resolution ofThe Hague Technical Meeting in 1951.

letter to President Soekarno regarding regulation ofthe extermination campaigns against the Sumatra elephants

Reinforcement of protection for the Rhinoceros,threatened by sportsmen-hunters.

Steps in view of establishing an official set-upsimilar to the "Nature Conservency" in Great Britain.

Assistance in the campaign undertaken for thesuppression of bird-netting (la tenderie).

Successful conclusion of the efforts to protect thethreatened areas in the Teutoburgerwald.

Steps taken on behalf of the Island of Helgoland.

Mission assigned to President Charles J. Bernard toprepare activity on behalf of the area of San Rossore,North of Pisa.

Correspondence on the subject of the conservation ofthe site of Lake Mugla, which is threatened by economicdevelopments. This threat is temporarily deferredthanks to the combined activities of several Turkishbiologists.

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Approaches to international organizations:

Participation by the Union in meetings of the AdvisoryCommittee on Arid Zones created by Unesco. Presentation of aproject jointly sponsored by the Union and the International Unionof Biological Sciences aimed at obtaining permanent credit for theInstitut Français d'Afrique Noire to achieve an ecological studyof the Dynamics of vegetation communities in the Western Sahara,

Endeavours of the Union to participate in the meetings ofthe United Nations Economic and Social Council devoted to a studyof the problems of technical assistance for under-developed areas.Mr. J. Vellard, Peruvian member of the Executive Board, havingagreed to pay his own expenses from Lima to Santiago, Chile, todefend the Union's point of view at a meeting of this type, theUnion was awarded a consultative status by ECOSOC. Unfortunatelya change in the agenda made his journey useless.

Numerous contacts, of which several have promised theircollaboration - with technical assistance posts distributedthroughout the world by Unesco. Some of those with whom ourcontacts have been most fruitful and encouraging are:

Unesco Technical AssistanceUnesco Technical AssistanceUnesco Technical AssistanceUnesco Technical AssistanceUnesco Technical AssistanceScience Co-operation Centre

Mission in Libya (Tripoli)Mission in Peru (Lima).Mission in Lebanon (Beirut).Mission in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).Geophysical Team (Quetta, Pakistan).for the Middle East (Cairo, Egypt).

Collaboration begun with the F.A.O. on the subject of astudy of vegetable species threatened with extinction.

Approach to the International Whaling Commission to informthis international organization of the interest and anxiety withwhich the Union follows the progress of its efforts.

Joint action with the International Hunting Council,particularly with regard to the protection of African anthropoids.The Union was given a particularly sincere welcome to the sessionsof the Committee at The Hague in May, 1951.

Approaches to national groups and individuals.

Role played in the creation, at Brussels, of a BelgianEntente for the Protection of Nature, grouping, under the aegisof the Union, all Belgian groups concerned with conservation.

Efforts of the Union President, Mr. C. J. Bernard, toimprove co-operation between the various Italian groups interestedin nature protection.

Extraordinary fruitful contacts made in Japan by Mr.Harold J. Coolidge, Vice-President of the Union, which havestrengthened the lines between the Par East and the IUPN,instigating the presence of a Japanese Government observer atCaracas.

Congratulations were conveyed to Mr. F. D. A. Lötter,the second South African to make a generous gift which willenhance the survival chances of the Mountain Zebra.

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b) The spread of knowledge already available on the art andscience of nature protection.

This enormous task could be approached only in a limited waybecause of the Union's lack of materials. However, the followingpublications of the Union, 'containing important collections ofscientific data which have already been of service to more than oneauthor, can be considered as a substantial contribution to thespread of ideas as mentioned above:

1949: Preparatory Documents of the International TechnicalConference on the Protection of Nature (Lake Success)(102 pp.)

1950: Proceedings and Papers of the International TechnicalConference on the Protection of Nature (Lake Success)(583 pp.)

1951: The Position of Nature Protection throughout the World in1950 (538 pp.)

1952: Proceedings and Papers of the Technical Meeting at TheHague (105 PP.)

It is hoped that the proceedings of the Caracas Assemblywill soon be added to this already impressive group. The oppor-tunity is taken here to express the Union's gratitude to thosewhose financial contributions have made publication of thesevolumes possible: first, Unesco, for und3rwriting the expenses ofthe first three publications; and the Dutch organizing committeeand its exceptional director, Mr, M. C. Bloemers, who subsidizedthe printing of the Proceedings of the Technical Meeting in thetwo languages of the Union. At the same time the sincere thanksof the Union are expressed to the Comité Spécial du Katanga et àla Fondation pour favoriser l'Etude Scientifique des Parcs Nationauxdu Congo Belgo, whose generosity allowed the publioation of theProceedings of the Second General Assembly following the sessionsat Brussels in 1950.

With reference to the volume "The Position of NatureProtection throughout the World in 1950", the preface to this workpointed out some of the regrettable gaps in this basic documentation.Since its appearance endeavours have been made by the Union toaccumulate additional reports for a planned addendum. As of thisdate the Secretariat has assembled reports from twenty-nine newareas, of which the major portion are members of the BritishCommonwealth.

In addition, plans for the publication of an Atlas of NatureReserves in the World are in progress, and have resulted in anagreement between the Bureau of the Union and one of the mostimportant publishing houses in Europe. A quarto volume of severalhundred pages of maps, photographs, articles of synthesis anddocumentation data will make this one of the most complete works onthe subject. The IUPN will be very closely associated in thispublication as it will furnish all the material and will havecontrol of the production.

A project has been conceived but not yet put in execution,and perhaps the Assembly would like to offer suggestions regardingthis to the Secretariat: In accordance with a comprehensive plan,about one dozen articles on subjects concerned with the protectionof nature will be requested from writers whose reputation isinternational; and the collected articles can be distributed inthe international press with the help of members of the Union.

Finally, the Bureau officers and in particular the Secretary-General, have drawn up numerous articles on nature protection whichhave been published in reviews, anthologies, assembly proceedings,etc., each of which have contributed to the spread of knowledge andideas in the field of nature protection.

c) The promotion of an important educational programme inthe field of nature protection.

This activity is for the most part handled by the BrusselsSecretariat, but it is completely subject to the directives ofthe Commission whose President is Dr, Ira N. Gabrielson, ofWashington.

The President of the Education Commission is bringing toCaracas material for a "Handbook on Conservation", a practicalguide of a general nature, the publication of which is assured tothe Secretariat thanks to a credit assigned by Unesco for thispurpose. This manual has been entirely prepared in Washington byDr. Gabrielson and his associates, in particular Mr. LaurencePalmer. This is one of the most important achievements of theIUPN to be completed outside of the headquarters of the Secretariat.The Assembly can examine the draft of this project and, if necessary,offer suggestions for its final form.

The school programme, discussed by the Assembly at Brussels,has also been amplified, thanks to the far-sighted generosity ofUnesco. A lesson has been published and distributed with aleaflet in the following countries, with financial contributionsby the Union under the terms of its Unesco contract: Italy, Greece,Mexico, Cameroun, French West Africa, Argentina, and Ecuador.The texts for these lessons are on view at the Assembly head-quarters at Caracas, and copies of them can be obtained. Othercountries which will probably take advantage of similar assistanceare: Turkey, Madagascar, France, Belgian Congo and Peru. Stillothers have undertaken the distribution of the same type of lessonswithout requiring financial assistance from the Union: Belgium,Canada, Austria, the Trentino and Upper Adige Region and the AostaValley of Italy, and Indonesia. Finally, discussions are beingheld regarding similar projects, with the assistance of the IUPN,in other areas, such as Thailand, Lybia, Gold Coast, etc.

Unesco has expressed the desire to see this activity contin-ued for adults as well as for school-children. As a result a"universal document" has been prepared which will eventually bepublished in more than four languages; the English, French andSpanish versions will be on exhibit in Caracas. Once again theUnion has been aided in bringing a project to a final stage byMrs. Jean Thierry-Mieg, formerly Miss Eleen Sam, of Unesco, who

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- 42 -

continues her admirable tactfulness in assuring liason betweenthe Union and Unesco House. This universal document will appearunder the patronage of Unesco, and will be distributed in manydifferent ways, by youth organizations, in circles reached byrepresentatives of the scientific co-operation offices of Unesco,etc. Members of the Union will also be able to take part in thegeneral distribution of this document.

Still with an educational objective and still with the aidof Unesco, the Union has prepared three series of five exhibitpanels, each containing two photographs. A set of these panelswill be on exhibit at Caracas, which makes further comment hereunnecessary. Pamphlets containing all information regarding thematerial have been published in the two languages of the Union andcan be obtained from the Assembly Secretariat. Mr. I. ET. Gabrielsonwas very instrumental in completing the preparations for thisdocumentation. Special wrappings will allow these panels to besent long distances, and it is hoped that the members of the Unionwill assist in seeing that this educational material is used.

A project now being planned is the preparation of a strip-film dedicated to nature protection world-wide in scope. Anexample of this type of film is presented as a model, and thefolder which accompanies it can serve as yet another opportunityfor a propaganda text. Much photographic documentation for thisfilm has been forwarded to the Secretariat by Mr. Ira N. Gabrielsonand his Education Commission.

Other projects still in a planning stage, to be handledeither by the Commission or the Secretariat, can be cited:posters for youth hostels; an approach to governments in anattempt to increase the use of slogans on nature protection forpostal cancelling stamps (an example will be shown at Caracas -other texts are being prepared by the Commission); collaborationwith Science Clubs, thanks to a grant from Unesco, particularlyto aid distribution of the universal document; actions endeavour-ing to encourage other universities in the world to establishcourses in nature protection; various propaganda techniques suchas blotters and note-book covers for school-children, pictures onchocolate-bar wrappers, etc.

Finally, a very recent achievement which appears to havebeen highly successful was the Nature Study Camp organized by theScientific Club of Liege from July 28th to August 13th at Houyet-sur-Lesse (Belgium). This Scientific Club, established under thepatronage of Unesco and of the Belgian National Commission,arranged for a study camp where teams of participants under theleadership of university naturalists (most often of assistantsfrom the University of Liege) could make observations andexperiments of an ecological nature on the spot. The Union madecontacts with its European members to determine their interest inthis plan, with the result that an international character wasgiven to the Camp, which had originally been designed only foryoung Belgians. A financial contribution from Unesco, and laterfrom a Belgian patron had been hoped for. In the end the cost(contributions to travel expenses for non-Belgian participants),was borne by the Union's treasury. But the results were

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exceptionally felicitous. Eighteen young delegates participated,representing ten European countries: Austria, France, Germany,Great Britain, Greece, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland,Turkey and Yugoslavia. The delegates either brought the benefitsof their valuable experiences to their comrades, or came to beinformed and to find new ideas for the establishment of similaryouth movements in their own country. Evening discussions wereheld in which the guests of the I.U.P.N. took part with groatinterest. The Secretary-General of the Union made several visitsto the Camp, and directed an evening discussion on the generaltheme of nature protection., All the members of the Secretariatalso made at least one trip to Houyet. The various viewscontributed by the visiting foreign delegates resulted in someexcellent and vivid discussions. Photographs of the Camp willbe shown at the Caracas Assembly headquarters, as well ascomments and opinions written by those participants who were theUnion's guests. This achievement can truly be considered as anoutstanding success for the Union's activities, for during thetwo weeks of the communal life of the tent city the contactsbetween the young friends of nature of various nationalitieswere forged in the most friendly, understanding and constructivemanner possible.

d) The preparation of international draft agreements anda world-wide convention for the protection of nature:

In accordance with the provisions of Resolution No. 19formulated at Lake Success, the Union has endeavoured to convenea meeting of the co-signers of the London Convention of 1933 aswell as of the signatories of the Washington Convention of 1940.

The Committee for Technical Co-ordination in Africa (CCTA)has decided to call a conference at Leopoldville (Belgian Congo)in August, 1953, to bring together delegates from the variousStates which signed the 1933 London Convention. The Union hasoffered its services to the British Government, the Governmentof the Belgian Congo, to. the CCTA and the OSA (African ScientificCouncil) in order that the IUPN might participate in the organ-ization of these sessions, particularly if they should include atechnical meeting, accessory to the General Assemblies of anadministrative and policy-making character. On the other hand,the suggestion was made to the Venezuelan Government thatrepresentatives of the co-signers of the 1940 Western HemisphereConvention be assembled at the same time of the General Assemblyof the IUPN at Caracas, but the results were negative, despiteefforts to accomplish this plan.

As to the drafting of a World Convention for the Protectionof Nature, the Union has chosen to substitute a World Charter,inspired by the Universal Declaration on the Rights of Man.Contact has been made with the judicial service of Unesco regard-ing the eventual presentation of the text of such a declarationto the United Nations General Assembly. A preliminary plan wasdrafted by the Secretariat, and amended both in French and inEnglish by the French and British Vice-Presidents of the Union,Messrs. Roger Heim and G. F. Herbert Smith. These modified textswill be submitted to the Executive Board in session at Caracas,and can be presented to the Assembly if it is considered desirable,

e) Scientific research relating to the "protection of nature":

One of the most important activities of a scientific natureis the work of the Union's Survival Service, directed during the1950-52 period by Mr. J-M. Vrydagh. The preparation of monographsfor each of the fourteen mammals listed at Lake Success has beencompleted, following an inventory of the library and disseminationthroughout the world of questionnaires prepared by the BrusselsAssembly of 1950. Mr. Vrydagh will submit a separate report onthe activities of his service.

Another method of increasing knowledge in nature protectionwhich is within the scope of the IUPN, despite its modest means,is the organization of technical meetings, including the collectingof reports and the direction of discussions. The Brussels Assemblymade explicit directives in this regard which were followedprecisely. Point "g" of Resolution N° 46 was achieved by theconvocation of a technical meeting at The Hague on September 20,21 and 22, 1952, which was a complete success, thanks principallyto the devoted efforts of Mr. M. C. Bloemers, Dutch member of theExecutive Board. At this meeting, which was presided over by Mr.M. van der Goes van Naters, two principal themes were discussed:"Rural landscape as a habitat for flora and fauna in denselypopulated countries" and "Management of nature reserves". Tolearn more of this extremely fruitful exchange of views see theProceedings and Papers which wore published by the OrganizingCommittee in co-operation with the Union Secretariat. Thepreparations for these sessions and the editing of the Proceedingstook up a major portion of the Secretariat's time for severalmonths.

Likewise, in the months preceding this General Assembly, agreat deal of work was required to obtain approximately onehundred reports and to translate and stencil them for distributionand discussion at Caracas. The Secretariat, despite itsefficiency, would have been unable to accomplish this enormoustask without the exceptionally systematic and able assistanceof Mrs. Annette FLugger, Conservation Specialist of the PanAmerican Union, and Mr. Fred Packard, Executive Secretary of theNational Parks Association, whose co-operation was made possibleby a financial grant made by the Venezuelan Organizing Committee.

In the field of ecological research, it was stated at thebeginning of this chapter that the Union was, unfortunately,obliged to defer its support of important study projects such asthe effects of the Groundnut Scheme or the problem of bush fires.However, the Union has instigated the IFAN-Unesco Arid Zoneproject mentioned above, as well as the project for an inquiry onthe present status of water resources in Belgium, a programmewhich scientific foundations of Belgium plan to finance from nowon. In Mexico the Union gave its moral support (Unfortunatelythis was all that could be done) to the plans of Dr, EnriqueBeltran for a study of the existing conditions of wildlife alongthe great international highway which crosses Mexico from CiudadJuarez, at the United States frontier, up to Ciudad Cauhutemoc,bordering on Guatemala. The Bureau considers it necessary thatthe Union should systematically accentuate its activities in

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- 45 -

scientific matters in such a manner as to merit being rankedamong international scientific organizations. The IUPNcould, for example, apply itself to sponsoring the drawingup of a treatise based on the protection of nature writtenby several different authors. In order to sponsor work ona national basis, the Union could also arrange for anofficial study in each country, either by the nationalcommittee for the protection of nature, if such exists, orby one or several members of a particular organizationestablished for this purpose, on a theme of general interestwhich could later become the topic for an internationalsymposium. One proposal has already been put forth; a studyof the effects of the chemical pollution of water on faunaand flora.

3. The Union shall collect, analyse, interpret and disseminateinformation about the "Protection of Nature". It shall distributeto governments and national and international organizationsdocuments, legislative texts, scientific studies and otherinformation concerning the "Protection of Nature",

For this important part of its functions, the Unionutilizes the co-operation of the International Office for theProtection of Nature. This organisation, established in 1928,is at present located in Brussels, not far from the offices ofthe Union. The Secretary-General of the Union is also Directorof the Office, thus assuring a complete co-ordination of theactivities of the "two sister organizations.

Until the beginning of 1952 the Office was in charge ofColonel R. Hoier, formerly conservator of the Parc NationalAlbert (Kivu, Belgian Congo). Unfortunately Colonel Hoier,who is well known to all friends of nature, was obliged toreturn to Denmark and sever his connections with the OIPN.He has been replaced by Mlle Renée Houba, who took up her dutieson April 1, 1952. She is assisted by M. Pierre Aptekers, alibrarian employed by the Union.

Mlle Houba's arrival coincided with a reorganization ofthe Office. In the future the Office will collect informationfor more specific objectives than in the past. For example, itis contemplated that a monograph type of publication should bebroadcast next, for which the material could be gathered by theOffice in a methodical and pro-meditated manner. One of thefirst tasks of Mlle Houba was to compile documentation, ascomplete as possible, on reserve areas in the world. It wasobvious that the book "The Position of Nature Protectionthroughout the World in 1950" would furnish the most up-to-dateinformation for this survey. Further data was obtained from theOffice files. Numerous gaps were filled in by corrospondencewith informed personnel in various countries. It is planned topublish a list in the near future, giving details of eachprotected area as to type, size, date of establishment, etc.

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It was considered expedient to couple this research with anattempt to clarify the problem of nomenclature. Since the Commissionestablished to study this question was dormant, the Union's SecretaryGeneral was appointed to begin an endeavour to solve the problem.In line with his note which had been presented to the BrusselsAssembly, he based his proposal for the project on the classificationof Professor E. Bourdelle. Mlle Houba was asked to send each countryin the world a list of the reserves as noted in the files of theOffice, requesting indication as to how these areas should be rankedaccording to Professor Bourdelle's classification. This attempt ata classification will be sent to such individuals of countries aswould be able to challenge the compiled information and to correctthe attributions, leading to a document which would merit publication.A summary of Mlle Houba's introductory work will be given to thosedelegates at Caracas who request same.

In addition it should be noted that Mlle Houba's enterprisecoincides happily with preparations for an Atlas of nature reservesin the world and for an exhibit scheduled to be held at Hamburg inthe Spring of 1953 at which the Union may be able to obtain furtherinformation.

Also with the financial assistance of Unesco, the Secretariathas established a card-index file of films designed to popularizethe essential principles of the protection and conservation ofnature. The decision was made to select only those films which putthe accent on the man-made threats to nature in the 20th Century,and on the measures taken to combat these dangers.

Following an appeal to the members of the Union, withsomewhat disappointing results, a direct action was undertaken forour several categories of correspondents in various fields:

a) Those persons known to have knowledge of didactic film material.

b) Authors of the reports which appeared in the volume "ThePosition of Nature Protection throughout the World in 1950" whohad cited film productions in reply to the question asked in theplan of the report.

c) Educational services and government documentary offices(particularly in the embassies in Brussels).

d) A volume published in 1949 at the time of the United NationsScientific Conference for the Conservation and Utilization ofNatural Resources (Unsccur), entitled "An International Index ofFilms on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources".

e) Companies which produce and distribute commercial films (withthe hope, so far in vain, unfortunately, that certain films couldbe donated to the Union).

The file presently consists of over 300 references,representing more than a dozen countries. However, new informationcontinues to arrive at the Union's headquarters, often containingaddresses where further information can be obtained.

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Each file card contains the necessary indications toidentify and describe the film: name, country of origin, size,length, cinematographic characteristics: silent or sound(language); black and white or in colour. And, wherever possible,a brief resume.

The documentation thus assembled is exploited in severalways. The best utilization results from the greatest publicitygiven to the existence of the file. This is why each number ofthe Union's information Bulletin gives a reference to certainfilms designed to increase the popularization of principalsessential to the protection and conservation of nature. Eachtime the reference mentions the existence of a card-index file.

In addition three new organizations have been formed in theperiod 1950-52 which either totally or in part contribute toincrease the Union's ability to: "collect, analyse, interpretand disseminate information about the protection of nature".

In chronological order the first is the " Public InformationCommission" established by a decision of the Executive Board onSeptember 20th, 1951. It is directed with admirable devotion,activity and competence by Mr. Richard W. Westwood, Presidentof the American Nature Association, and its labour is financedby an exceedingly generous grant made by the above-mentionedAssociation, amounting to $5,000 covering a period of two years.A portion of this amount covers the expenses of publishing anddistributing folders and the lews Sheet, an example of whichMr. Westwood will make available to participants at the CaracasAssembly, The remainder of the funds pay a part of the salaryof Mr. Richard A. Purser for that portion of his time spent incollecting information for press releases to be sent to thePublic Information Commission headquarters in Washington, whichhe obtains from written or printed information arriving eitherat the Union or the IOPN. This propaganda campaign on behalf ofnature protection and the IUPN was launched during the secondquarter of 1952, and it is probable that even now Mr. Westwoodwill be able to report to the Assembly - which should, ingratitude, invite him to do so - on the first results obtainedor observed.

The second enterprise, which each of the readers of thisreport has been able to evaluate, is the information Bulletinwhich the Union has issued regularly every two months sinceJanuary, 1952. It is of simple format, reflecting the modestmeans available, in personnel and publication ability. TheBulletin appears in four pages, containing an editorial ofprinciples, two pages of facts presented as concretely andvividly as possible, and a page for the exchange of news andcontacts between the Union and its members and friends. Eventhis brevity has its advantages, as several readers have notifiedthe Secretariat that their modern tempo allows them just timeenough to read all of a four-page information sheet, whereasthey would no doubt only glance at a lengthy Bulletin. It is

/s/ Jean-Paul HARROY

Brussels, August 1952

also particularly fitted to the potentialities of its authors,especially since the burden of preparation for the regular bi-monthly edition of the Bulletin is carried almost single-handedby Mme M. Caram. One very encouraging factor is that severalmembers of the Union have considered the Bulletin's material ofsuffieient interest to the readers of their own publications toreproduce extracts in their own journals. Particular mentionshould be made of the Société de Botanique et de ZoologieCongolaises, which prints generous quotations from each issue ofthe Bulletin in their remarkable publication "Zooléo", under theflattering title "Voice of the IUPN".

The third initiative includes certain projects previouslyreferred to: the Survival Service, various activities of theOffice, and publication of the Bulletin. In agreement withUnesco it was decided to establish a "Conservation Service",and the Unesco contract outlines the following objectives:"The Conservation Service shall be charged with assuringconstant liaison between members of the Union and organizationsor individuals concerned with the protection and conservationof nature and resources in general, with the press, the public,and various sources of documentation on the several aspects ofthese problems, social, scientific, etc."

The Caracas Assembly may possibly point out certain tasksof a scientific nature, already described above, which theConservation Service could put into effect for the last quarterof 1952.

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ANNEXE A AU RAPPORT SUR L'ACTIVITE 1950-1952 DE L'UIPN PREPAREPAR LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL

Prs.Bolges

Situation au 31 juillet 1952

Banque de Bruxelles, notre compte courant 352.820,59Société Générale de Paris - notre compte ff. 76.039,-. 10.024,89Caisse. 17.225,45Comptes débiteurs divers 12.695,25

392.766,18

PASSIF

Compte de provisions diverses 372.274,30Ecoles 105.562,40Passe-partout 77.000,-Panneaux exposition ....... 10.400,-Conservation Service ..... 69.208,90Action grand public(Handbook conservation).. 110.103,-

Comptes créditears divers 18. 486,25Solde créditeur 2.005, 63

COMPTE DE PROFITS ET PERTBS AU 31 JUILLET 1952

DEBITPublications et rapports 11.962,75Transfert au "compte de provisions diverses 370.000,-

Passe-partout............ 80.000,-Panneaux d'exposition... 40.000,-Conservation Service....100.000,-Action grand public .(Handbook. conservation) l50.000,-

Frais d'administration. .............. 399.966,85Honoraires et indemnités.. 322.355,-Sécurité Sociale 4.140,-Frais de voyages et déplacem.17.607,50Timbres poste et fiscaux. . . 42.008,70Imprimés et fourn, bureau.. 7.301,75Frais de traduction 400,-Dépenses diverses 6.153,90Solde créditeur 2.005,63

===========CREDITReliquat de l'exercice 1951. 50.719,01Subventions reçues 500.000,-Cotisations 210.049,17Vente de publications 13.117,05Recettes imprévuos 10.050,-

783.935,23

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ACTIF

392.766,18

783.935,23

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ANNEXE B AU RAPPORT SUR L'ACTIVITE 1950-1952 DE L'UIPNPREPARE PAR LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL

Robert DURDUExpert-ComptableRue de l'EtangLa Hulpe - Belgique

Bruxelles, le 10 août 1952

Monsieur le Président,

En exécution de la mission qui nous a été confiée,nous avons procédé au contrôle de la comptabilité de l'UnionInternationale pour la Protection de la Nature depuis l'AssembléeGénérale de Bruxelles du mois d'octobre 1950 jusqu'au 10 août 1952.

Nous avons pu constater que les opérationseffectuées, appuyées de pièces justificatives, ont été correctementenregistrées et que les livres comptables sont parfaitement tenus.

Nous avons également vérifié le bilan au 31 décembre1951, bilan qui se présente comme suit:

ACTIF

Banque de Bruxelles, notre compte courant .. 394.261,97Société Générale de Paris, notre compte Ff 23.932,- 3.158,44Caisse 38.298,60Comptes débiteurs divers 10.000, -

445.719,01

PASSIF

Compte de Provisions diverses.. 385.000,-Provision Volume "Etat de la Protection de la Nature

dans le Monde en 1950".. 175.000,-Provision brochures Italie 60.000,-Provision Education Ecoles 150.000, -Comptes créditeurs divers 10,000,-Solde créditeur 50.719,01

===========Monsieur le Président de l'UnionInternationale pour la Protection

de la Nature,42, rue MontoyerBruxelles .../...

445.719,01

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COMPTE DE PROFITS ET PERTES AU 31 DEOBMBRE 1951

DEBIT

Publications et Rapports 40.137,15Education Ecoles 50.193,75Provision pour Education Ecoles 150.000,-Frais Généraux. 600.309,19

Honoraires et indemnités 524.127,50Frais de voyages et déplacements 32.164,10Timbres poste et fiscaux 34.087,50Imprimeries, fournitures de bureau.... 6.998,40Téléphones et télégrammes 317,15Frais de traduction 121,-Dépenscs diverses 2.493,54Soldo créditeur 50.719,01

891.359,10

CREDIT

Reliquat do l'exercice 1950 35.596,91Subventions reçues (Unesco) 300.000,-Ootisations et dons 544.947,54Intérêts sur corapte en banque 2.198,-Recettes imprévues 8.616,65

Le bilan est en complet accord avec la comptabilité etreflète exactement la situation de l'organisme au 31 décembre 1951.

Veuillez agréer, Monsieur le Président, l'expression de nossentiments les plus distingués.

Le Commissaire aux Comptes,

(s) Robert DURDUExpert-Comptable

P.S. A la demade de M. Jean-Paul Harroy, Secrétaire Général, nousavons contrôlé, au moyen des extraits et des pièces probantes, lesécritures enregistrées en comptabilité du 1er janvier au 31 juillet1952, ainsi que la Balance de Vérification à cette dernière date.

Tout est parfaitement en ordre et les livres continuent àêtre tenus avec ordre" et méthode. Ci-joint l'extrait au 31juillet 1952.

DerechefR. Durdu.

891.359,10

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REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON SURVIVAL SERVICE

The Committee on the Survival Service was established withthree panels or subcommittees, one on mammals, one on birds, and oneon plants. Their reports were presented" to' the committee as a wholeand with minor changes, additions, and suggestions were accepted andare submitted, as follows, to the Executive Committee for approvaland transmittal to the Plenary Session of the Assembly:

A. MAMMALS

It is recommended that:

1. Mr. J-M. Vrydagh be commended for the work he has accomplished.2. The Union be asked to carry out the action that Mr. Vrydagh hasrecommended on each of the Lake Success animal species.3. The Survival Service set up a "provisional list" of threatenedmammals on which we do not have sufficient knowledge and thatadditional information be collected concerning them; that the listof Australian marsupials sent by Mr. L. Glauert be placed on the"provisional list" pending receipt of further information abouteach species listed.4. The following additional mammals be placed on the Lake Successlist of vanishing mammals:

Sumatran rhinocerosArabian oryx (oryx beatrix)Syrian wild assNubian wild assAngolan giraffeFlorida key deerCretan wild goatSolenodon (all species)Hawaiian monk sealBlack-footed ferret

5. The American Museum of Natural History be encouraged to carry-out an expedition to determine the status of the Solenodon and theCaribbean monk seal.6. The Union be requested to publish a summary of the findings ofthe Survival Service with regard to the mammal species listed atLake Success.7. The U. S. Pish and Wildlife Service and the. U. S. National ParkService be requested to investigate the present status of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and to provide the Union with areport on it.

B. BIRDS

It is recommended that the International Committee for BirdPreservation be invited to gather information and make recommendationsfor action by the Union on the birds on the Lake Success list, tosuggest any further additions to the list, and to keep the SurvivalService informed on the progress of their collection of informationon vanishing birds.

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At the Technical meeting of CIPO (Caracas, September 8) it wasresolved that the bird species listed in this annex and found inthe Western Hemisphere be added to the list of threatened birdspecies as proposed at the technical reunion in 1949. Yourcommittee recommends that these 25 birds be placed on a "provisionallist" with a view to a later determination of which ones should beadded to the Lake Success list.

C. PLANTS

It seems clear that the Survival Service can perform animportant function in bringing about efforts to save rare speciesof plants from extinction. It is clear also that the sooner itdirects its attention to threatened plants, the greater will bethe chances of saving some of them.

Prom the nature of the problems and the state of existinginformation on them, the procedure used in working up the data onmammals 'will not be entirely appropriate for plants. It is con-sidered that descriptive information concerning the plants is ofsecondary importance, as it may usually be secured from any gooddescriptive flora of the region concerned or from a monograph ofthe genus.

Emphasis must be placed on the reasons for the decline of thespecies, the ecological processes involved, and a careful descrip-tion of the plant communities in which they live. If possible,information on the successional status of these communities shouldbe secured and the "ecological positions" of the species determined,i.e., their relative places in the successions which theircommunities are undergoing.

It would be well to prepare a form indicating the kinds ofinformation needed about each species.. This should include, atleast, the original range of the species, its present exactgeographical distribution, its present abundance, a careful des-cription of the plant community in which it grows, the extent ofthe present, and if possible the past distribution of this commun-ity, the condition of this community, i.e. healthy, disturbed,decadent, etc., apparent reasons for the decline of the species,economic and other human factors involved, suggestions for properintervention to save the species and its normal habitat, i.e. thecommunity in which it lives, and what measures have already beentaken, if any.

It is suggested that such information, with any additionalavailable, be requested from all interested naturalists concerningthose disappearing species with which they are familiar.

It is further suggested that a file be maintained containingall available information on the species that are considered rareor threatened. This should not be a limited list, but a file onall known such species. Prom this information it may be determinedwhich species are really in a precarious position. These might,if desirable, be placed on an official list, but the size of thislist should be determined by the number of species on whichsufficient data are available to show that they are seriouslythreatened.

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Then it is clear that the Survival Service should bring tothe attention of the Union such cases as need intervention, withsuggestions as to how this should be effected and what measuresmight be taken to save the species concerned.

It should be emphasized again that the most important partof this information is that on the plant communities in whichthese species live. It is clear that no species is likely topersist long after the habitat in which it lives is destroyed orseriously altered.

It is also obvious that these plant communities probablycontain many other rare species, both of plants and animals, thatare not the original ones mentioned, but which will also bepreserved if the habitat in which they live is saved.

By this method an important mass of ecological informationwill be accumulated which could result in the establishment ofsome general principles concerning the ecology and preservationof rare plants.

It is suggested that the Union recommend to the variousgovernments, especially those of tropical countries, the greatimportance of locating and determining the areal extent, throughecological surveys, of the individual plant associations whichcomprise the vegetation of their national territories, with thespecial aim of saving endemic species threatened with extinction.By this method it may be determined which of these associations,because of their restricted area or geographic location, are in

most immediate danger of destruction or drastic modification,that' appropriate steps may be taken to preserve adequateextensions of these associations.

In the cases of primitive complexes of vegetation now moreor less degraded, it is recommended that strict nature reservesbe created for them, or protected sites of a size to be determined,to achieve their preservation.

Finally, in cases where such placing in a reserve is nolonger possible or is too difficult, the survival of a speciescould be assured, in certain cases, and should be recommended,by distribution of seeds to botanical gardens, city parks, forestryservices, and private gardeners (mention can be made of the casesof Ginkgo, Metasequoia, Franklinia, etc.). Such species could beplaced on the list of plants deserving protection. Endemic plantspecies in Madagascar which need immediate attention have beenattached to this report made by the eminent French botanist Dr.H. Humbert.

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THREATENED PLAIT SPECIES IN WEED OF IMMEDIATE PROTECTION

A. MADAGASCAR

Borassus sambiranensis Jum. and Perr: Endemic in a very small"area in the Northwest belonging to alluvium lands presentlyopen to agriculture. Its seeds should be sown in accordancewith the above paragraph. A very ornamental plant.

Borassus madagascariensis Jum. and Perr: Endemic in the West,Same observations.

Adansonia Crandidieri Baill: Same case. This magnificentbaobab of great economic interest is found in a small areain the West; Its seed furnishes a vegetable butter of highnourishment and commercial value. The tree is easily grownby sowing.

Adansonia sambiranensis Jum. and Perr: Same case as theBorassus.

Alluaudia adscendens Baill: The largest and most beautifulrepresentative of the endemic family of Didieraciae. In asmall area in the Southern bush which is rapidly disaDpearing.Could be protected in a bush reserve adequately chosen (inthe eastern part of the Southern region).

B. SOUTH AFRICA

Numerous species of great scientific interest in varioustypes of xerophile bush and which are not protected in theirnatural environment. Particularly, various Euoephalarctosand other Cycadaceae (vicinity of Grahamstown), Oldenburgiaarbuscula (same region), etc.

PROVISIONAL LIST OF THREATENED BIRD SPECIES

A resolution proposed at the Technical Session on September8 of the International Committee for Bird Preservation at theThird General Assembly of the IUPN resolved that the followingbird species found in the Western Hemisphere be added to the listof threatened bird species as prepared at the Lake SuccessTechnical Reunion in 1949:

Rhynchotus rufeschens:Tinamon

Pterodroma cahow: Bermuda Petrel

Pterodroma basitata: Black-capped Petrel

Pheonicopterus ruber:Flamingo

Chondrohierax wilsonii: Cuban Hook-billed Kite

Accipitu striatus venator: Sharp-shinned Hawk

Crax rubra grisconi: Grisconis Guan

Penelope albipennis: Guan

Agriocharis ocillata: Ocellated Turkey

Columba loucocephala: White-headed Pigeon

Columba inormata wetmorei: Blue Pigeon

Columba inormata exigua: Jamaica Blue Pigeon

Amazona vittata vittata: Puerto Rican Parrot

Otus nudipes newtoni: Virgin Islands Screech Owl

Asio flammens portoricensis: Short-eared Owl

Pharomachrus mocinno mocinno: Quetzal

Pharomachrus mocinno costaricensis: Costa Rican Quetzal

Campephilus principalis bairdii: Cuban ivory-billed Woodpecker

Cinclocerthia ruficauda gutturalis: Trembler

Ramphocinclus brachyurus sanctae-luciae: White-breasted Thrasher

Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus: St. Vincent Thrasher

Cichlherminia l'herminieri l'herminieri: Forest Thrasher

Leucopeza semperi: Semperi Warbler

Spinus cucullatus: Red Siskin

Cacicus chrysopterus: Boyero, Cassigue

Amblycercus solltarius: Boyero

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REPORT OF THE PUBLIC INFORMATION COMMISSION

The activity of the Public Information Commission actuallybegan about September 1, 1951, with the assignment of Mr. RichardPurser to the Brussels Office to function there, in part, asliaison representative between the Secretariat and the Commission.For personal reasons active work on the part of the President ofthe Commission was delayed until the start of the year 1952. Inthe meantime, however, plans were laid for actual production ofmaterial. A grant of $ 5,000 from the American Nature Associationimplemented the work, and a second grant of $ 5,000 has just beenmade for financing the second year. Also Mr. Ralph Wentworth,New York Public Relations specialist, obtained a sum of $ 2,500from the Lakeland Foundation for the calendar year 1952. Thisenabled retention of Mr, Wentworth as adviser and made possiblethe use of his mailing list of newspapers, magazines, radiocommentators, leading conservationists, members of Congress andothers.

The Commission has thus far prepared and published a concisefolder entitled "What is the International Union for the Protectionof Nature?" and a news sheet. Both of these have been mailed tothe aforementioned lists and the entire membership of the OutdoorWriters Association of America, and copies have been supplied innumbers to numerous individuals. A clipping service will, in duecourse, indicate the extent to which the news sheet material hasbeen used by press and magazines.

The basic objective of the Commission is to inform the publicgenerally and conservationists in particular, of the existence ofthe Union and its objectives; to acquaint the public with the world-wide problems related to the protection of nature; to establish abasis of public appreciation of the Union, to the end that it mayenjoy wider tangible support both in point of influence andfinancial encouragement.

There have been certain problems, and these still exist.Most serious is the establishment of a reasonably steady flow ofinformation from all parts of the world by way of the Secretariatand to the Commission. To obtain this every member organization is,in effect, a member of the Commission and a correspondent thereof.Achieving a recognition of this fact has yet to be fully accomplished,and the intervention of the Secretariat is urged to emphasize theimportance of channelling all possible information rapidly andcontinually to Brussels.

While the material thus far issued has been directed primarilyto North America and prepared according to techniques of publicrelations used there, much of the material is adaptable to publicityuses elsewhere. Members of the Commission and others are urged totake advantage of all outlets in their countries in using such ofthe material as is appropriate.

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It is the feeling of the Commission that the initiative ofour liaison with Unesco has not yet been as well established asit should be, particularly in view of the excellent Unescopublicity outlets. This is a weakness that should be remediedthrough the Brussels office.

It is the plan of the Commission soon to issue anothernews sheet based on the deliberations and discussions of the Caracasmeeting. The many papers submitted for this meeting afford a richsource of material that otherwise may be buried in mimeographedform in personal files or in the limitedly circulated proceedingspresumably to be published later.

The Commission earnestly urges all members of the Union tocriticize and suggest with regard to the Commission's work. Itis important that the effort exercized be extended in a way to bemost fruitful and to use the funds available and the expertknowledge to the best advantage.

The Public Information Commission proposes two resolutionsfor the approval of the General Assembly. The first concerns theestablishment of an organization to be known as Friends of theIUPN, which shall have minimum annual membership dues and provisionfor larger contributions, dues and contributions to be acknowledgedby a suitable certificate of membership in Friends of the IUPN. Thesecond proposes the establishment of an international contest forthe selection of an insignia for the IUPN, with an amount of $ 250offered as a prize for the successful insignia, such amount to besupplied by the Public Information Commission. (Both resolutionswere adopted by the General Assembly).

REPORT OF THE EDUCATION COMMISSION

The International Union for the Protection of Nature believesthat publication of education material by the various countries isof extreme importance, and strongly recommends that the productionof this type of material be increased in those nations that havealready begun work along this line, and that it be undertakenimmediately by other countries. It is highly desirable that thewidest possible distribution of such documents be achieved eitherdirectly or through the IUPN.

Because there is urgent need for uniform basic literaturefor use in conservation education throughout the nations of theWestern Hemisphere, the IUPN recommends to the Pan American Unionthat it prepare, through its Conservation Section, appropriate kitsof conservation materials and visual aids, which may be adapted bythe teachers in the several countries for direct use in schools.

The Third General Assembly' of the International Union forthe Protection of Nature reaffirms the recommendation, adopted asResolution Number 6 of the International Technical Conference forthe Protection of Nature, that the teaching of the principles of

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nature protection and conservation be incorporated into thecurricula of primary and secondary schools, and of universitiesand technical colleges, and further recommends that Departmentsof the Conservation of Natural Resources be established in therespective universities and other centers of higher learning inthe several countries.

Nature Protection and Conservation in Latin America

It is inherent in the purpose and objectives of the IUPNthat nature protection and conservation are not only local, stateand national in scope and concern, but international as well.Wherever mations leara to work together in achieving purposesrelated to those of the Union, they contribute to the advancementof our common conservation objectives. This is true whether theaim be research and investigation which help us better TO under-stand ecological conditions and natural laws with which we liveand work, whether it be education and instruction of people youngand old to relieve a fuller appreciation of nature and resources,or whether it be assistance and cooperation in scientific,technical or applied conservation and nature protection activities.

Because The IUPN has this year for the first time convenedin the New World, where nature protection and resource managementare of the utmost concern, the Union wishes to note the work ofthe Pan American Union in its conservation programme and activitiesParticularly in respect to conservation education throughout themany Latin American countries, the Pan American Union serves wellas a corollary organization in its efforts to promote natureprotection and a more effective understanding of conservationconditions and problems.

Therefore the International Union for the Protection ofNature congratulates the Pan American Union for its interest andactivities in conservation education, and expresses the sincerehope that it will establish a . comprehensive conservation educationprogramme throughout Latin America.

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DRAFT FOR A WORLD MANIFESTO ON THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

Whereas, the source of essential commodities, food inparticular, which the human race requires, has always been andstill is supplied by Nature itself, and

Whereas, man, who takes advantage of these natural resourcesmust strive toward conserving them now and for the benefit offuture generations, and

Whereas therefore it is the duty of man to manage theseresources without waste, and to defend this heritage against abuseand lor the benefit of all mankind, and

Whereas the economic needs of man are daily becoming greater,as a consequence of material improvement and because humanpopulation is increasing at an ever faster rate all over theworld, and

Whereas it has become necessary to satisfy human needs inapplying a policy of conservation and in making a sound use ofnatural resources, and whereas this is essential to harmoniousdevelopment of human society and to the preservation of peace, and

Whereas the too frequent destruction by man of so manynatural groups, living species, and habitats representing normalrefuges, is not only having disastrous consequences on the generaleconomy but also most unfortunate results on cultural and sociallife, and

Whereas every individual, whoever and wherever he may be,himself bears the responsibility of safeguarding this heritage forthe benefit of future generations,

The General Assembly solemnly declares as follows:

Article 1: Considering that natural groups of living beingsrepresent the common heritage of all men, at the present time andin the future as well, the various governments are responsible fortheir conservation in the interest of the present society and offuture generations, against exploitation by private interests.The extinction of any living species should be considered as justas serious a crime against the human race as would the destructionof artistic and other treasures left to us by our ancestors.

Article 2: The extinction of a living species which we owe toNature and to past ages is an irreparable loss to mankind, and theimportance of its consequences can never be evaluated from eitherthe scientific or economic point of view. Therefore no-one maylook with indifference at the existing threat against many livinganimal and plant species. All appropriate measures must be takenin order to save these species from extinction, preferably throughthe establishment of natural sanctuaries, parks and reserves,where their normal living conditions are preserved with the helpof adequate regulations, and in order to spread public educationwhich would help to attain these goals.

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Article 3: Exterminitation campaigns directed against groupsof plants and animals alleged to be harmful, such as gameanimals suspected of being carriers of disease of domesticanimals, predators, plant shelters accused of harbouringpests to man and to agriculture, may be tolerated only ifthe disappearance of such groups or elements does not inflictserious damage on humanity due to the destruction of thenatural equilibrium.

Article 4: When man draws on renewable natural resources,he should take reasonable care to avoid undue depreciationof such valuable assets, whether this depreciation is definiteor will make itself felt for a long period of time. Thisrecommendation applies chiefly to agriculture, animal husbandry,forest exploitation, hunting and fishing. It is highlydesirable that countries with long experience and withadequate legislation in this respect make such available toother, less favoured areas which face similar problems.

Article 5: Considering that the introduction of exoticspecies often proves to be dangerous to the preservation ofnatural balances, it is important that regulations andlimitations be set up concerning the importation of animalsand plants which may compete with the native fauna and flora.

Article 6: Considering that increasing industrial activityresults in changes of environment through the constant levyon resources and through the pollution of air and water, itis necessary for governments to improve regulations, and toenforce such measures for the benefit of society.

Article 7: Considering that Nature must be effectivelyprotected7 that this protection must be carefully organized,that the utilization of resources must be on a sound basis,and that the aims to be achieved represent a task oftremendous magnitude, it is extremely desirable that:

Through conclusion of agreements, throughfrequent meetings of experts, and through the creation ofspecial agencies and even of permanent internationallaboratories, harmonious international cooperation shallbe fostered, for this is the essential for the future ofmankind.

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Original in Spanish

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON REGIONAL OFFICES

Organization of Regional Offices of the IUPN

In connection with the proposal to the General Assembly, onthe establishment of Regional Offices of the IUPN, the appointedcommittee has reached the following conclusions:

1) It is believed desirable, in principle, that there should be aregional organization as a means of permitting the various countriesaffiliated with the Union to study common problems that are offundamental interest for them, but that it would not justifyconsideration and discussion on a global scale, commensurate withthe goals of the Union.

2) At the same time it is believed that, considering the youth ofthe IUPN and the reduced state of its finances, any attempt toorganize such regional offices with a permanent Secretariat, andthe necessity to have them share in the contributions to the Union,would tend to weaken it.

3) Giving due consideration to the foregoing conclusions, it isconsidered that we may recommend, when it seems necessary, theorganization of regional groups, either permanent or temporary,when the various countries of a given zone consider it desirable,and can underwrite the costs of such offices with their own funds.Such groups will have, fundamentally, a technical character.

In consequence, adoption of the following resulution isrecommended:

"When a group of neighbouring countries, members of the IUPN,consider it desirable to establish among themselves contacts,temporary or permanent, for the study of specific problems, such agroup may take this action, determining the rules that shall governits organization and contributing whatever is necessary to thefinancing of the same, without receiving any financial support fromthe Union. These Offices or groups shall not have a statutorycharacter in the organization of the IUPN, and the Secretariat ofthe latter shall continue dealing directly with the various nations'.'

REPORT OF THE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

The Programme Committee report is divided into sections, andeach item is accompanied by a priority (A or B) title.

I. ACTIVITIES ALREADY IN PROGRESS

1) Pressure on governments to be maintained and made more effective(Priority A)

2}

3)

4)

5)

6)

II.

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

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Conservation Handbook (Priority A)

Conservation Service to be maintained and properly organized(Priority A.)

Publication of an Atlas of Nature Reserves of the World,showing the real situation of the protection of nature ineach country as to personnel, ownership, budget, activitiesetc. (Priority B)

Addenda and corrigenda to the report on "The position ofNature Protection throughout the World in 1950" (Priority B)

Organize international conservation camps by supplying basicinformation and programmes in every country desiring toparticipate (Priority B)

NEW ACTIVITIES

Set up an editorial board responsible for major publicationsprepared in the name of the IUPN (A)

The IUPN must stand ready to provide, at the request of theUnited Nations or individual governments, geographers,ecologists, etc. to help in the management of natural resourcessuch as hydro-electric projects and others in which theprotection of nature is concerned. (A)

Promote, through the Conservation Service, the preparation andcirculation of a filmstrip showing the global character ofconservation problems (A)

Gather information from principal natural history and conser-vation organizations in different countries to promote theestablishment of similar organizations in countries withoutthem (A)

Organize circulation of visual aids on the protection ofnature. The Committee would like exhibits to be far betterthan those exhibited at the Assembly (B)

Promote research work on basic problems involved in bushfires and, through the Conservation Service, centralizeinformation received (A)

Stimulate the spread of information on conservation problemsthrough government-owned and private radio and televisionconcerns (B)

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RESOLUTION PRESENTED BY ME. E. BELTRAN

Original in Spanish

Whereas human populations are increasing at a rate that, upto the present, has exceeded the rate of increased production offood, forest products, water supplies, clothing and other factorsdependent on natural wealth such as education and scientificresearch and

Whereas much of the increase of production has, contrary tosound conservation practices, been achieved at the expense of suchnatural resources as soil fertility, healthy forests and grasslands,and stabilized watersheds and.

Whereas because of cultural lags it is certain that severaldecades must pass before sound land-use practices will be achieved,in many parts of the world, especially where burgeoning populationsare making increasing demands on the ecological complex indispensableto human survival at a high living standard,

Therefore be it resolved that the IUPN, in its Third GeneralAssembly in Caracas, requests the United Nations and associatedorganizations such as the World Health Organization to study thepossibility of accelerating the reduction in birth rates such ascharacterize all countries with high living standards, in order toachieve as soon as possible the balance between human demands andlong range resource potentialities, such as every ecologist knowsis indispensable if a species dependent on resources is to flourish.

RESOLUTIONS OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING

(Text approved by the Assembly)

Section I - HYDROELECTRICITY AND THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

Resolution 1: The Third General Assembly of the International Unionfor the Protection of Nature, meeting at Caracas on September 9th,1952, draws the attention of the Governments concerned to the dangerwhich threatens National Parks and strict nature reserves, as definedby the Conventions of London (1933) and Washington (1940).

As a result of public works, and particularly hydro-electric dams which are capable of seriously altering the integrityof these reserve areas, the Assembly considers itself authorized toremind the Governments of countries concerned that they are pledgedto guarantee not only the safekeeping but the inviolability of theareas they have taken the initiative to delimit and to protect.

Resolution 2: The Assembly requests that organizations, eithergovernmental or private, which are charged with the constructionof public works - particularly those designed to utilize hydro-electric energy - plan either to follow or to instigate researchor inquiries for the purpose of specifying the repurcussions onthe natural equilibrium and on flora and fauna which are caused by

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such works, and to contribute to such research their financial,technical and moral assistance.

It is requested that the Union shall furnish the necessarydirectives to ensure that the result of. such enterprises will besatisfactory to all concerned.

Resolution 3: Whereas the construction of dams for hydroelectricor other projects is often achieved without appropriate scientificstudy of the effects of such works on other natural resources, and

Whereas it is generally recognized that the manage-ment of one natural resource of any kind often seriously affectsother resources of equal or superior value,

Therefore the Assembly recommends : That theInternational Union for the Protection of Nature should make aninsistent appeal that for all new proposed construction carefulstudies of all the resources should be made - if they do notalready exist - before any plans for the construction or executionof such an enterprise shall be decided.

Resolution 4: The Assembly expresses the hope that all countriesundertaking large scale public works capable of compromising thenatural balance should establish a consulting commission, if suchdoes not already exist, composed of experts, particularly pedologists,ecologists, systematicians, phyto-sociologists, and hydrologists,provided such experts are not personally interested in the achieve-ment of such works. In those countries where such commissions exist,they should be consulted regularly.

Section II - Preservation of wild fauna in semiarid regions,with particular attention to specific examplesin Central and South America

Resolution 5: Because of pressures brought to bear on the fauna ofsemiarid regions, the establishment of reserves, national parks andrefuges, properly supervised and designed not only to protect speciesbut also to re-stock neighbouring areas, is recommended.

In connection with this resolution we call attentionto the importance of the project of the Botanical Institute of theVenezuelan Ministry of Agriculture and Stock-breeding, for theestablishment of a National Park in the semiarid region of thedistrict of Agua Larga, in the State of Falcon, which includes thelimestone formations of Maria-Diaz-Araria and Taparay.

Resolution 6: It is also recommended that necessary steps be takento organize the labour of the region's inhabitants, to reduce asmuch as possible the pressure caused by man to the wild life and torestore vegetation, particularly the edible xerophytes, and toprotect existing water points or create new ones.

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Resolution 7: To regulate hunting in such a way that it will notbe the cause of the extermination or of an alarming diminution ofthe existing local fauna,

And as the keystone of these resolutions:

Resolution 8* To transmit them to Unesco, which has alreadyestablished its own Committee charged with solving these sameproblems, emphasizing the interest and sympathy of the IUPN forthis type of activity.

Section III/A: Consideration of the apparent conflict betweenthe requirements of agriculture and of conservationover the problem raised by the use of fire.

Resolution 9: It is recommended that the Governments of thecountries concerned should, as a temporary measure, until adefinite solution is found for the economic and social problemcaused by primitive semi-nomadic agriculture and routine extensivestock-breeding, study the means of adapting rational methodspermitting the subsistence of those whose living is gained bysuch exploitations without obliging them to resort to the fatalpractice of burning.

Resolution 10: It is recommended that the Governments of thecountries concerned include in their agricultural educationalprogrammes demonstrations of the damage caused by fires, as wellas illustrations of agronomical methods by which burning can beeliminated.

Resolution 11: It is recommended to the Governments of thecountries concerned that the fundamental principles of theserecommendations be incorporated in the legislation of each countryconcerning the conservation of renewable natural resources, inaccordance with the characteristics and conditions of the problemsin each country.

Resolution 12: It is recommended that the International Union forthe Protection of Nature should establish a permanent Commissioncomposed of specialists in all the scièntifio departments concerned,charged with co-ordinating research in various countries and indisseminating the results obtained.

Resolution 15: It is recommended that the International Union forthe, Protection of Nature should include the subject of bush fireson the programme for its next technical meeting.

Section III/B: Preservation of Zoological or Botanical speciesendemic in small islands, particularly in theCaribbean Sea.

Resolution 14: The IUPN is invited to contact the Pan AmericanUnion at Washington and the Caribbean Commission at Trinidad inorder to ascertain whether these institutions would jointly under-take an examination of the possibilities leading to an agreement

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which would allow activities in the field of nature protection tobe co-ordinated throughout the Western Hemisphere.

Resolution 15: It is recommended that the IUPN should ask theCaribbean Commission to offer its good services in attempting toestablish a uniform basic legislation relative to nature protectionand the creation of reserve areas in the territories within itsjurisdiction. Such legislation should be particularly directed atlimiting the slaughter or capture of birds and mammals. Moreover,it could serve to insist on the extreme urgency of the necessityfor establishing nature reserves.

Resolution 16: It is requested that the Union should directlyinstigate throughout the Caribbean area the setting up of localand regional organizations which could either establish or followprogrammes for making inventories and studies for the protectionof natural associations of flora and fauna.

Resolution 17: Those areas listed by R. A. Howard in his report,IUPN/A.G.3/9/R.T./III/B/101, where vegetation is particularlythreatened, should be called to the attention of the Governmentsconcerned, with the suggestion that appropriate measures be takento assure their preservation.

Resolution 18: The threatened bird species listed by S. DillonRipley in his report IUPN/A.G.3/9/R.T./HI/B/103 will be calledto the attention of the Survival Service of the IUPN. The Unionwill request that appropriate measures be taken by CIPO to ensurethe protection of these species.

Resolution 19: It is requested that the IUPN should recommend tothe Venezuelan Government that steps be taken for the immediateprotection of the endemic mammal fauna of the Isle of Margueritethrough the preservation of their habitats and the suppression orthe regulating of hunting.

Section III/C: Endeavour to raise rare animals in semicaptivityoutside" of their natural habitats.

Resolution 20: The Assembly recommends that the International Unionfor the Protection of Nature be in favour of the principle ofraising wild species in captivity or semicaptivity; especially ifsuch animals appear or will appear on the list drafted by the Union'sSurvival Service. Moreover, it is suggested that the Union call theattention of Governments concerned, by means of its members, to. thoseexperts whose technical background qualifies them to give assistanceand advice to this enterprise.

Resolution 21: It is recommended that the Union Française shouldapproach the Government of Cambodia asking that necessary measuresbe taken to ensure the preservation of the Kouprey (Novibossauveli) in its natural habitat and in establishing an adequatereserve and in placing the animal on the list of strictly protectedanimals - except for scientific permits.

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Note: The following resolutions were presented by the delegationfrom the United States of America, and were accepted by theAssembly:

Resolution 22: Cooperation for Nature Protection and Conservation

In our highly complex, mechanical and hurried civilizationit seems at times most simple to solve problems by decree, authority,and direction. Such an attitude is even expressed in matters ofconservation; and we sometimes feel the pressure of the technicianor administrator as an infallible judge. But conservation, whetherof soil, water, forests, grasslands, or wildlife, 'is most oftenaccomplished by those who live upon the land and look to the landfor sustenance and profit. To be permanent and successful, conser-vation measures applied to the land must be acceptable to landowners and operators, whether they are small farmers, private cor-porations, or governmental agencies. Conservation is no singlething -- it is high dams to provide power for cities, it is malariacontrol that permits people to move to less erosive land, it isgovernment parks for esthetic appreciation, it is timber managementby great private companies, it is contour cultivation by a farmeron the slope of a tiny field, it is scientific research as anindispensable basis for nature protection and conservation.

Experience teaches us that effective and widespread natureprotection and conservation require coordinated effort by manyindividuals, groups, and agencies -- private and public, urban andrural, agrarian and industrial. To achieve this there must beunderstanding, and when there is understanding there can be action-- action of people and groups working together to conserve andimprove the natural resources upon which individual living standardsand the welfare of groups ultimately depend. There must, in short,be cooperation between people for common objectives, and they mustwork together with a clear and honest understanding.

Therefore the IUPN wishes to encourage closer cooperationamong the people of a community or natural area, between groupswhere conflicts develop, and between private and public interests,in arriving at a fuller understanding of nature protection andconservation problems, and it wishes to express the convictionthat people working together provide the most powerful and effec-tive force for achieving that conservation and utilization ofresources which can fulfill man's present needs and attain long-term conservation objectives.

Resolution 23: Nature Protection Through Land Treatment

All factors of the environment -- soil, water, and thedependent living things, including man -- are intimately relatedin nature and compose an intricate ecological complex in which theaction of a single factor intimately affects the action of others.Immutable natural laws impose interactions in an environment changedby man as surely as they do in undisturbed areas, however much such

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action may seem to be masked by the works of man. If theactivities of man, ever more forceful and widespread, are toharmonize with the laws of nature, we must recognize that allphases of nature protection and conservation, like environmentalfactors themselves, must be integrated and coordinated on anatural basis.

Recognizing that man and nature are inseparable, experienceindicates that the most reasonable unit for accomplishingconservation is a natural area such as a small watershed orother ecological unit where the people living within its limitscan feel a relationship to it. Thus natural areas and relatedhuman groups combine to form units for conservation and treat-ment of the land by the people themselves, as in soil conser-vation districts of the United States. Land treatment toprotect the land while using it for productive purposes includessoil conservation, water control and manipulation, forest,range, and wildlife management, and provision for recreation,wilderness and park areas. These and other desirable elementsof a complete conservation program can be effectively under-taken by and for the people who live in a natural area. Thepeople may need technical and other guidance and assistancefrom both public and private sources; and they may wish torelate their activities with those of other groups incomprehensive resource management of large basins or regions,but the basis for combining the works of man with the lawsof nature seems reasonable to rest with ecological unitswhere there is a community of human needs.

Therefore the IUPN wishes to encourage attention tonatural areas as the basic unit for conservation, improvement,and utilization of our natural resources, with the convictionthat such an approach is ecologically sound; and that itoffers a democratic means of accomplishing practical programsof nature protection and conservation.

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SIDELIGHTS OF AN ASSEMBLY

Caracas, a dream for so long, a reality for so short a time,is now but a happy remembrance, and it is a pleasant task torecollect, putting together one's impressions of the event.Impressions warm and colourful. Amber-coloured Maiquetia watch-fully guarded over by black-silhouetted vultures in a dazzling bluesky. The burning heat of the coast slowly replaced by the cooldark green of the bordering hills where luxuriant vegetation seamsto rejoice in the fact that the wise authorities have safeguardedit against its mortal enemy, the goat. Then the friendly warmthof everyone's reception, Bill and Kathy Phelps' welcome, that ofthe Press, and of all the Venezuelans we had the privilege ofmeeting and who made us feel immediately at home. We had beenpromised "Eternal Spring", and it had come true.

The Venezuelan Organizing Committee which, to us inBrussels, had meant nothing more than an anonymous letterhead,had also become a reality, fascinatingly alive. Each of itsmembers gave all of his time and energy to the task, cooperatingin the most varied and unexpected jobs, typing and translatingwith the Secretariat when necessary.

Strange is the world of remembrance; once the door isopen, souvenirs gather in crowds and it becomes impossible tomention them all. The sumptuous receptions - both official andinformal - were equalled only by the cordial atmosphere whichprevailed throughout them, whether it was the midday receptionat the Casa Amarilla, the luncheon party in Mr. and Mrs. Phelps'wonderful gardan, the fairy-like scenery viewed from the AmericanAmbassador's terrace which dominates the glittering town ofCaracas and its circle of impressive mountains, the final banquetgenerously offered by the Sociedad Venezolana de ScienciasNaturales, or any of the many other equally brilliant gatherings.

It is also impossible to recall each one of the numerouscontributions to the success of the Assembly; the premises of theColegio de Medicos put at our disposal, the personnel and equipmentof the Servicio Forestal, the magnificent reproductions ofpaintings of local flowers from the Shell Corporation, a seriesof the remarkable "True Life Adventures" films by the kindnessof Walt Disney. And it is just as difficult to express ouradmiration for the perfect organization of the ladies' group,supervised by Mrs. Phelps Jr., and our appreciation of theircharming welcome. Impossible either not to mention the assistanceof the Worth American Organizing Committee, presided over by Mr.Harold J. Coolidge, as well as the indispensable and good-humouredhelp of Mrs. Annette Flugger and Mr. Fred Packard.

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And then the magic of Rancho Grande. To all those whocaught their first glimpse of the tropical forest it will remainan unforgettable foretaste of what a deeper incursion intoVenezuela's mysterious end still untouched domain of wild lifewould have been like. Lucky are the cautious Venezuelans who,after inheriting such a patrimony, will see that it is transmittedwhole to future generations.

After leaving Caracas and visiting the "Agustin Codazzi"National Park, impressions succeed each other like pictures ona screen; exotic fruit attractively exhibited along the road,abnormally large grasshoppers, glistening and fast-racingbutterflies, in fact they were much faster than the quickestentomologist, oddly shaped birds' nests hanging from branchesover our heads, slim trunks and heavy ones decorated withstrangely fascinating epiphytes: garland moss, giant fern,orchids or phyllodendrons. But almost as unforgettable was thetraditional local meal, cooked in the open, with the picturesquesight of strong arms carrying whole joints of meat, the quesode mano; and that evening the formal banquet at Maracay as anamusing contrast to the midday country feast, followed the nextmorning by the delicious desayuno Creole. The climb down to thecoast was gust as unforgettable, as was the Museum so admirablyset up within the National Park and the urge, difficult to resist,to settle down and discover the bird and plant life exhibited,in its natural environment.

And the Caribbean Sea, magic word which had fed our dreamsfor so long, enchanting us with the eternal blue of its shores.....

Marguerite Caram

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreward Page

List of Participants 1

First Sitting of the General Assembly (8th Meeting) 11

Second Sitting of the General Assembly (9th " ) 14

Third Sitting of the General Assembly (10th " ) 19

Fourth Sitting of the General Assembly (11th " ) 27

Secretary-General's Report on Activities

of the IUPN for 1950-1952 31

Report of the Survival Service Committee 52

Report of the Public Information Commission . . . . 57

Report of the Education Commission 58

Draft for a World Manifesto on the Protection

of Nature 60

Report of the Committee on Regional Offices . . . . 62

Report of the Programme Committee 62

Resolution presented by Mr. E. Beltran 64

Resolutions of the Technical Meeting: Theme I . . . 64

" II . . 65

" III/A 66

" III/B 66

" III/C 67

Sidelights of an Assembly 70

Table of Contents 72