Commission of the European Communities

Proceedings of the Second International Seminar

on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research,

held in Strasbourg, 4-6 March 1980

Edited by

A. S. STRUB and P. UNGEMACH Commission of the European Communities

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY Dordrecht : Holland / Boston : U.S.A.

London : England

library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

International Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research, 2d, Strasbourg, 1980. Advances in European geothermal research.

"Organization of the conference by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Research, Science, and Education."

1. Geothermal resources-Congresses. 2. Geothermal engineering-Congresses. I. Strub, Albert S. II. Ungemach, P., 1939-III. Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Research, Science, and Education. IV. Title. GB1l99.5.157 1980 621.44 80-16121

ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9061-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9059-3

Organization of the Conference by

e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9059-3

Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Research, Science and Education, Brussels

Publication arrangements by Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management, Luxembourg

EUR 6862

Copyright © 1980 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1980

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T~L& or CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

OPENING SESSION;

A. STRUB / Opening Address

C. CORVI / Opening Address

P. UNGEMACH / Geothermal Research in the European Community Objectives and Reality

H. TAZIEFF / Keynote Speech

SESSION I: REGIONAL EXPLORATION - RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT

F. MUNCK, K. SAUER, F. WALGENWITZ and R. TIETZE / Geothermal Synthesis

ix

3

7

9

37

of the Upper Rhinegraben 45

J.H. ILLIES and B. HOFFERS / Neotectonics and the Geothermal Anomalies in the Rhinegraben 50

G. SATTEL / Determination of Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity of Rhinegraben-Sediments with a New Ring Source Device 62

G.J. SCHROTH / Numerical Calculations of Strong Temperature Gradients at Interfaces of Horizontally Stratified Sediments 70

M. PARINI, H. SCRIBA, C. SIEBER and D. WERNER / Geothermal Anomalies in the Rhinegraben Sediments and Their Explanation by Uprising Deep Groundwater from the Crystalline Basement 17

J.B. EDEL, A. ROCHE, O. CAMPOS, S. GAN9ARSKY, M. GOUPILLOT, K.N. KIRO, Y. MENARD and F. MERHEB / Contribution of Magnetism and Gravimetry to

the Knowledge of the Antepermian Basement in the Rhinegraben. Applications to Geothermy. 89

A.J. BURLEY, I.F. SMITH, M.K. LEE, W.G. BURGESS, W.M. EDMUNDS, M.J. ARTHUR, J.R.P. BENNETT, R.M. CARRUTHERS, R.A. DOWNING and M.T. HOUGHTON / Preliminary Assessment of the Geothermal Potential of the

United Kingdom 99

H:U. SCHMINCKE, R. RISSE, G. WORNER, P. v.d. BOGAARD and L. VIERECK / Geothermal Potential of Late Quaternary East Eifel Volcanic Field 109

A. DELMER, Ph. DOM~ V. LECLERCQ, P. HIROUX and R. LEGRAND / Geothermics in Hainaut (Belgium) 113

A.N. KOROTCHANSKY / Geothermal Evaluation of the Triassic Reservoirs of the Paris Basin 116

-ili-

F. BARBERI, G. IANNACCONE, F. INNOCENTI, G. LUONGO, C. NUNZIATA, G. PASCALE and A. RAPOLLA / The Evaluation of a Preliminary Geothermal

Model for the Phlegraean Fields Volcanic Area (Italy) 1]1

F. BARBERI, D. CIOPPI, R. GHELARDONI, R. NANNINI, C. SOMMARUGA and G. VERDIANI / Integrated Geothermal Reconnaissance of the

Somma-Vesuvius System 141

J. VARET, L. STIELTJES, A. GERARD and C. FOUILLAC / Prospection Geothermique Integree dans le Massif du Mont Dore 154

B. BOSCH, P. DEGRANGES, J. DEMANGE, M. LELEU, A. MARCE and C. SARCIA / Geothermal Survey of the South-East Margin of the French

Massif-central 202

M.D. FYTlKAS / Geothermal Exploitation in Greece 213

J.L. BOURDIER and P.M. VINCENT / A Geological and Geothermal Approach of the Pavin Area, Southern Chaine des Puys (France) 238

SESSION II - LOCAL EXPLORATION - DRILLING

H~. DIETRICH, R. HANEL, G. NETH, K. SCHADEL and H. ZOTH / Deep Investigation of the Geothermal Anomaly of Urach

A. CALAMAI and G.C. FERRARA / Latera Exploratory Well (Northern Latium) Italy

SOCIETE ALSACIENNE MINIERE DE GEOTHERMIE / Operation Geothermie a

253

267

Strasbourg-Cronenbourg 277

C. SOMMARUGA and R. GHELARDONI / Demonstration Project: Couple of Wells for Geothermal Space Heating in Metanopoli, Milano 284

D. CIOPPI, R. GHELARDONI, G. PANCI, C. SOMMARUGA and G. VERDIANI / Demonstration Project : Evaluation of the Mofete High Enthalpy Reservoir (Phlegrean Fields) 291

G. BERTINI. A. GIOVANNONI, G.C. STEFANI, G. GIANELLI, M. PUXEDDU and P. SQUARCI / Deep Exploration in Larderello Field: Sasso 22 Drilling

Venture 303

SESSION III - GEOCHEMISTRY

F. D'AMORE, P. SQUARCI and C. PANICHI / Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Thermal Springs of South-West Tuscany 315

H. FRIEDRICHSEN / Origin and Circulation of Thermal Waters in the Upper Rhinegraben: A Chemical and Stable Isotope Study 330

A. BITTENCOURT, B. FRITZ and Y. TARDY / Refinements in the Use of Chemical Geothermometers Application to the Plombieres System (France) 340

O.S. JACOBSEN / Geochemical Survey of Shallow Ground Water Wells in Denmark 349

B. BOSCH, P. DEGRANGES, C. FOUILLAC, M. LELEU and C. SARCIA / Geochemistry of Thermal Water in the Mont-Dore Area 360

F. D'AMORE, C. PANICHI and P. SQUARCI / Evaluation of Reservoir Temperatures in Tuscany by Application of a Gas-Geothermometer 369

E. ALTHAUS / Fluid-Rock Interaction in Geothermal Energy Recovery 278

-~-

G. MICHARD, C. FOUILLAC, G. OUZOUNIAN, J. BOULEGUE and M. DEMUYNCK / Geothermal Applications of the Geochemical Study of Hot Springs in Eastern Pyrenees

R. GIJBELS, R. VAN GRIEKEN, W. BLOMMAERT, R. VANDELANNOOTE and L. VAN 'T DACK / Trace Element Geochemistry in Thermal Waters from

Plombieres and Bains (Vosges)

W.M. EDMUNDS, W.G. BURGESS, A.H. BATH, D.L. MILES and J.N. ANDREWS / Geochemical Sampling and Analysis of Geothermal Fluids in Sedimentary Basins

H.R. LANGGUTH and H. PLUM / Investigation of Thermal and Mineral

387

396

410

Springs in the Eifel Mountains Regarding Geothermal Indications 422

F.B. TONANI / Some Remarks on the Application of Geochemical Techniques in Geothermal Exploration 428

SESSION IV - TEMPERATURE, HEAT FLOW, DOWNHOLE INSTRUMENTATION

E.R. OXBURGH, S.W. RICHARDSON, S.M. WRIGHT, M.Q.W. JONES, S.R. PENNEY, S.A. WATSON and J.R. BLOOMER / Heat Flow Pattern of the United Kingdom 447

J. WHEILDON, M.F. FRANCIS, J.R.L. ELLIS and A. THOMAS-BETTS / Exploration and Interpretation of the SW England Geothermal ~~~

R. GABLE / Terrestrial Heat Flow in France

G. VASSEUR (Groupe FLUXCHAF) / A Critical Study of Heat Flow Data in France

N. BALLING, J.I. KRISTIANSEN, K.D. POULSEN and S. SAXOV / Geothermal Trends of Denmark

W. VAN DALFSEN / The Shallow Subsurface Temperature Field in The Netherlands

M. FANELLI, A. ROSSI, M. SALOMONE and L. TAFFI / Temperature and

456

466

474

485

496

Heat Flow Patterns of Italy 506

G. FRAS, J.M. THILLIER and P. JOUANNA / Harmonic Pick-up: Preliminary Mathematical Model for Interpretation 516

B. CROSNIER, J.L. PORTALES and P. JOUANNA / The Perfecting of a Harmonic Pick-up for the Simultaneous Detection of the Thickness and Extent of a Fracture Crossed by a Boring 521

J. BEHRENS, B. ROTERS and H. VILLINGER / In Situ Determination of Thermal Conductivity in Cased Drill Holes

L. CEPPATELLI and G.C. FERRARA / Design and Testing of Down Hole Probes for Operation in Deep and Hot Environments

M.G. BERTAUX, G. BIENFAIT, J. JOLIVET and G. VASSEUR / Direct Heat Flow Measurement Probe Project

G. MUSMANN and W. KESSELS / An In-Situ Thermal Conductivity Probe

SESSION V - GEOPHYSICS I - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SEISMICS

525

535

545

556

G. SCHNEIDER / Seismological Investigations in Urach 567

M. JENTSCH, D. BAMFORD, D. EMTER and C. PRODEHL / Structural Study of the Urach Area by Deep Refraction Seismics 576

-y-

R. MEISSNER, H. BARTELSEN, T. KREY and J. SCHMOLL I Combined Reflection and Refraction Measurements for Investigating the Geothermal Anomaly of Urach

P. GIESE, P. WIGGER, C. MORELLI and R. NICOLICH I Seismic Studies for the Determination of the Crustal Structure in the Area of the Geothermal Anomaly in Tuscany

L. CASERTANO and A. OLIVERI DEL CASTILLO fVpVs Ratio and Its Changes in the Travale Geothermal Field

A. NERCESSIAN and A. HIRN I Identification of 3 D Bodies by Moho Reflected Waves Application to the Mont Dore Area

R. FERRANDES, A. GERARD, P. MURAOUR, J. PERAGALLO and G. PETIAU I Etudes Sismiques sur la Caldera du Mont Dore

M. STEINWACHS I Investigation of the Microseismic Noise of the Geothermal Anomaly at Torre Alfina (Italy)

Th. KREY I How Can Seismics, Especially Active, Assist in Geothermal Energy Utilization

SESSION VI - EXPLOITATION OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES

H. ALONSO ESPINOSA I Actual Situation and Future Program of Geothermal

587

603

614

622

632

648

654

Developments in Mexico 673

S. BORIES and A. PODAIRE I Heat and Mass Transfer with Phase Con-version in Porous Media Application to Geo~hermal Reservoir Simulation 680

G. TREBBI I A Thermogravimetric Loop for Converting Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy into Electricity 694

J.M. SAUTY, A.C. GRINGARTEN, P.A. LANDEL and A. MENJOZ / Lifetime Optimization of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Doublets 706

P. GOBLET / Influence of Stratified Heterogenities of Permeability on the Life Span of a Geothermal Doublet 720

A. DESPLAN, M. LELEU, P. MASSARO and J. ROCHON / Experimental Studies of Rock-Water Interactions Occuring During the Circulation of a Geothermal Doublet in a Carbonate Environment 735

J.M. HOSANSKI and E. LEDOUX / In Situ Determination of the Hydrothermal Properties of a Deep Fractured Medium by a Single Well Technique 747

B. FEUGA, M.L. NOYER and D. THIERY / Well Testing of Low to Very Low Permeability Fractured Media - A Review 756

P. JAUD I Results of the New Geothermal Domestic Heating System at Creil 782

D. LAMETHE-PARNEIX / Optimisation d'un Chauffage Geothermique en Fonction des Diverses Conditions Climatiques 793

P. CHEVALIER, R. GROSSIN and B. ROTH / Study and Optimization of a High Efficiency Convector Adapted for the Use of Geothermal Low Temperature Water 803

-vi-

J.M. LEJEUNE, N. BADINIER, V. BARTHES, A. CLOT, J.M. COUDERT, A. DESPLAN, H. FABRIS, O. GOYENECHE, Ph. MAGET, J. ROJAS, P. SCHERR and D. TOURNAYE / Technical and Economic Feasibility of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Projects in the E.E.C. 810

SESSION VII - GEOPHYSICS II - ELECTRICS, MAGNETICS AND ELECTRO­MAGNETICS

R. BAUDU, J. BERNARD, J.M. GEORGEL, P. GRIVEAU and R. RUGO / Application of D.C. Dipolar Methods in the Upper Rhinegraben

D. PATELLA·, R. QUARTO and A. TRAMACERE / Dipole-Dipole Study,.of the Travale Geothermal Field

V. HAAK and G. SCHWARZ / Distribution of Eleccrical Conductivity in Crust and Upper Mantle in the Area of the Geothermal Anomaly of Tuscany/Italy

V.B~RTHES and G. VASSEUR / Three-Dimensional Resistivity Modelling by the Integral Equation Method

G. NAPOLEONE, G. POGGIALI, M. RIPEPE and D. SAVINO / Magnetic Survey in the Travale Geothermal Field, Italy

J. MOSNIER and K. BABOUR / Use of the Differential Magnetic Sounding for Studying the Geothermal Potential Resources of the Rhine­graben

M.L. RICHARDS, U. SCHMUCKER, E. STEVELING and J. WATERMANN / Magnetovariational and Magnetotelluric Soundings in Rheingraben and Schwarzwald

G. MUSMANN, B. GRAMKOW, U. LOHR and W. KERl'Z / Magnetotelluric Survey of the Lake Laach (Eifel) Volcanic Area

A. BERKTOLD, K. KElfMERLE and P. NEURIEDER / Magnetotelluric Measurements and Geomagnetic Depth Sounding in the Area of the Urach Geothermal Anomaly

G. MALERQUE / Some Results of Very Low Frequency Magneto-Telluric Survey in the Mont Dore Area (MI 5 EX and Harmonic Solutions)

A. DUPIS, Ph. MARIE and G. PETIAU / Magnetotelluric Prospection of the Mont Dore Area

G.F. CAMPONUOVO, A. FREDDI and M. BORSETTO / Hydraulic Fracturing of Hot Dry Rocks. Tridimensional Studies of Cracks Propagation and Interaction by Photoelastic Methods

SESSION VIII - HOT DRY ROCKS

J. LESSI and J.P. SARDA / Scale Models Studies of Well Linking by Hydraulic Fracturing and Fatigue Microfracturing

F.H. CORNET / Microsismic and Acoustic Activity Associated with Hydraulic Fracture Propagation

J.P. SARDA and C. ROQUE / Permeability Stimulation of Crystalline Rocks by Chemical Leaching

M. BOUILLEAU, G. BERTHOMIEU and P. JOUANNA / Heat Fracturing Physical Model

-vii -

823

833

843

854

875

884

893

904

911

921

935

947

957

967

977

989

H.D. FUHRBERG, F. BRINKMANN and K. SCHOBER / Erfahrungen mit Frac­behandlungen in Tiefen, Geringpermeablen Gaslagerstatten

A.S. BATCHELOR, C.M. PEARSON and N.P. HALLADAY / The Enhancement of the Permeability of Granite by Explosive and Hydraulic Frac­turing

F.H. CORNET / Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation a Field Experimentation

O. KAPPELMEYER and F. RUMMEL / Investigations on an Artificially Created Frac in a Shallow and Low Permeable Environment

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994

1009

1032

1044

INTRODUCTION

The first crisis in energy prices was undoubtedly a strong stimulus

for the involvement of the Commission of the European Communities in research

and development on alternative energy sources. Indeed, the need to overcome

difficulties faced by the Community as a whole, particularly those resulting

from its severely unbalanced energy supply, made a common Community approach

seem especially apt. This reasoning also applies to energy R&D, bearing in

mind that responses to the crisis should be not only political or economic,

but also scientific.

Four years have passed since the decision of the Council of Ministers

to launch the first Community Energy Research and Development Programme,

dealing with geothermal energy, solar energy, hydrogen production and utili­

sation, energy conservation and energy systems analysis. A seminar on geo­

thermal energy was held two years ago to report on work in progress at the

half-way stage of the four-year programme.

The second international seminar, reported in this volume, was arrang­

ed so as to provide an opportunity to examine the final outcome of this

Community investment in research in geothermal energy.

This proceedings volume therefore has two main aims:

- to present an evaluation of the results of the Community geothermal

programme, by means of 83 formal reports describing the individual

research programmes;

- to show how the Community research programme fits into the overall

context of national and international research on geothermal energy,

by including the presentations of six guest speakers who introduced

the sessions and gave keynote addresses.

It is hoped that these proceedings will prove helpful to all those who

work in the field of geothermal energy and in particular will provide guid­

ance to the Commission of the European Communities in implementing its Second

Energy R&D Programme which has recently got under way.

-u-

EXHIBITION

During the three days of the Seminar, an exhibition was organized.

Several contractors participated on this exhibition by displaying

the instrumentation developed during the contract period or by

demonstrating on posters, designs and maps their research projects.

The photographs on the following pages reproduce an overall review

and some selected projects.

EXHIBITION HALL

-x-

Conference Chairman A. STRUB

TechnicaL Programme Chairman P. UNGEMACH

Session Chairmen:

- Session I

- Session II

- session III

- Session IV

- Session V

- Session VI

- Session VII

- Session VIII

Keynote Speakers

P. CERON - A. STRUB

C. SOMMARUGA - E. STAROSTE

G. BARON - Ph. DOM

W.M. EDMUNDS - K.P. LOUWRIER

R. HAENEL - E.R. OXBURGH

S. PRINS - J. WOHLENBERG

S. SAXOV -

R. HUTTON -

G. CHIERICI

H. TAZIEFF

M. FYTIKAS

C. OTTE

P. UNGEMACH

D. PATELLA

- J. GEERTSMA

J.P. MUNIER-JOLAIN

R.M. POTTER

F. TONANI

Th. KREY

H. ALONSO ESPINOSA

M. FARABOLINI

H.D. FUHRBERG

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