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~ri~3lrt z~u~ x:kn~r~5:,f{mc~n liar mizc~l 1Nmmn:~s$ t"r~nx r~Lcr w~srco ar,:l n~:;ih3u~~l. aieh (xrenia~ion~ im t~ii. rn~6xd:tp~;as on rht a~ J:~~,r:~ts mgr, s~„~Rin ~F~r tnr~

t4~.rrctfu~ fia l+~n niu°r in pr•,t~iclt arrLr~c a~~ nrmnr Inecmtt in6~m:~tiea ~n [hi: ti_ok. H'~isty-~'.r. sh: Iritacr~c a~~dinl~niiai~n ~.ste~l on it arc e i e~it3E'tlur_a"ng. ~ i~ 3s In,-.dtal~k that vrm. oFtt~ 1Ricm:1 x~1~3~t..cs liYt ~) in tl i, tcial~ikwUf cl+:~u~,w,

iiv~xi Fdssrst4.5n limtar<1~~Ilnbur~h (ric~9d>i!.:I~~.b~ c'\3 ~~5 +Jf:i ~-.;.4r.,1

sn~S,~~".~.:~a~;~it'riir;~i,~#iin thrc,ir~,lr~uK dic,,,,itl

~ì~ii u. Jn der ~~6[~I \~ ~dc ~\'rb ac55M'h': fKIM1i11i~~'+~U~K+~Siti511S4xlli!

€a ~~ar~n l~~umria-s I. (mimd c'R1b

'I hp r3~luy mf ,~4~d..a ~K'u;~ll"31F. in Erc t~icsAF:3 is eF.t 5uehar, o(ahk x;~rk hgvr tkcn assz,e~a3 Iry ehem I.~ ~cordla~~~: wtrh dwt~.:grr•ri;~~, [k~l~n+ an3 I;~tzuts ,tit ] OtY:

.~#~.•~+,eiha~G~.~prrAton~,.,rytr4rh~i7.n{~==~rt1tdvdt3~,n!fttlr,ifal~:li£~;yit11~~:1 ~~,1Biala~t~ildvR~1~If4J~1~-1~~'-Y11i.3rP~.1.{~..,tn~aa \fix II'olk, ivr~41ir11y ~':~snn~ k~r!wr;h'm~ ~~31t71 r.

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;551 cradcmuks uv~l Fxcc~n arc dic ~ca~irp~ ~f~h<Ir rcvE~~laY v-~,vita~'13~e use ptang cn.3~¢uak In alsisrcz~ dn,: nit +;+t in t6c au~hnr ar EvM~7tca an;r- sra~3:maak rnxn:nhip riE)an i~ n~ch ar 3cmark} n~= u~d~ru~[~I~~Falf~~oi:3rkstmply~i~,Y'aleilia~~+nowi~h+_uc+~dr,ixnxsn~ 'tli~Fxd~~@i}•~~ihre~ircfs

ssn~..t~: t.z~•w~s~~~a5 to-t is rx-i-2~•a,r~3.+~~-i

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WMAT W~?ULD YOU Dt]? ~I~K i~F MASS

C7nr cf rrur Stu~~3rtts ask~a Eras ~~v~rc~i;,i:~;i Ins e= ilt~: ;r_tio~+)

r,ur~a ~9 ~i~:~ t tvr`;_ ~~ ti,~,~,k, f~~c.~rdfrF~ ka ttr~ ~iU~sr, rz~r~_,C rsf iri;

~omg5lain~, tr nut l~~iAn grat~n~ey3. ~'~~~te, nnce h~? rues crms'rc~

r~o~I;n r~ith thc~ i~u, but ~7 e~~Y ~f 9~1 time~~ no€k5ir~a ham been

~: e~n~ ~t a11. ii~+ceeytl~y y~au H.~b~:~ori.~d thy[ 11~ te.ids <<> ~'c~~t

-~~:" eie~ruicj ore€' as igreritent, ~r3 ~.vit~n Fie h ; tt, s.~ X14 h~(cri

ih~ .1~-;5. V' f~a3 t€~;s ~•,~s:l~:l yc~~e t.~~.~, tcz cfa;~l .•:th tt7i ~itua;ic~n?

'1J~ hi*airs tits ~:~i.7~ C, wiift ~a j+~e~~r ~l ~i„finit~nn t~` Irs~rn~nt~

Eliat ta~;e~ ini~~ ~cr_r~uni ih~ ~a~pasirsn aie.v_~ ~t r~Efirent

kh~cx~d~~? ~e6uc5s, 1~.'e ~,vill hir~~,tiglat ~r~g ~T~u~, Clime

E~cta~vi~ral t'r~~uri~ks, irr ibis €~n~p.er and ~n~4h~e rrrajcr

~P~~rR~ 4Fir. c~i~~7i4iv~ ~hr~c,ri~t., in Cha~tfr~ :~ ~~~J t; ty~~~s,

tie ~.~>ill Ipc,°~ a# ~o~;fr~cfvism ir, t_hnpt~e itl anc~ s~efal

cnyatFti'.'c via =; #It ~I~.a~Stc,r i f, A~ yi ~t s ari ,;~f~-, tlir~rs~ ,yr~;

i5i~~r~~ ~v;sy^s try Is~~3k 3C t~;3riirt~ ~sifl ,~~~>h i~9, ~t,~n~~lf~ir~~ 1c~

niie~r r;fi~eCttrrs:

Page 1 of 34

GRITI~A~ T~INIGI~1f~

+ Cs~ul~? tftii~ ba a e~s,~ ~P a clasri~a41y ~~a^,diticne3 pE7~~a~

ff sn, 3=chat t~rGUYd ycu i#ot

+ "~Vh3t tunctinrs ii~i~ht ti~is teh~vior 6e:en~in~

• HnY~~ vrau~d yo~e~ su~aF7c~eEri7or~ p~51U~~e (~eba~i~~,= ~nei ai~:l~s

the stui~?~:~~t fi~vcl ~,thar vt~iys to rn - .t t~ir.:~s~ _;~:?

# '~lc,~ll~~ c3iv;r~~ rr,•tiritrel c.r ;~t~'rt'iu' i~t rt;`y R i~ ' <<~ i_~4~ LC

~atie~lui iry iii= ;~~t~~iti~~r?'v~J}ay car wf~~y r~~E7

~'+ur d~s~~~~sinr~ ir, tFtiis ch~~~~~~ c•~;If torus era f~i~~r

L~hh~viogaC 4a~rti~ng ~arcce~~se~:. contiguity, ckassical

eranc~itinnirie~, o~er~eri r~~~Iitia~ti~ q, ar;r~ absar:ati,~rzl

Iaarniny, ~~~ikh ti,e c~reatesi entt~;~~sis ~17c~d s-~r~ thF

la~.t ttvt3 ~;arrir~~ ~i „ 1~;ft ~r t.~aip ttiirry tithe (ritpiir.3t u~ss ref

i~~~~~li~s~ t~tf~srain~ in%tlyg;, #ter 5,:~3~:5~~~~y, ~i^ ~~ak 3t re=~;~~r~t

~~i,~Fzclrr3rlc irc ii~71Y~t~tihr;~~ <i~iF~r~y~i~1`~C, (v ~L`~Pr51n~ =~U~tc'tic~isl

ia~~h_rvic~r3[ ~~sc~«R~en#,; p~~iti~~rr }~clra=r'~c~r ~~r~3F3~art, ~nci ,r_~iq~

man<egem rt. ~inaily, we inv~_,stigain L~7nrleaY~'S .h?Ilc~~c?

to beha~dit~r~i a~iev,~~ ~~ te~r~ing a e~r_l! es ~+th~r ~r~~i~iztns,

G~ut[an~, and etkaical con~sitieratians to educe#~r~.



~h Iit ~

-~ t~ i' ~i nth ~{niJ ~'Iel'Y#~ ~PJf~ 7i~$t~ 3'~~ ~ 1: -. (, +/'i2p

shiould be atle trr

C]~ijerti',rc ~, 7 D•-fie:c= ~~a,-~mine~ t€nrt~ a ~anaviz~rti

.•?ifj~f' 1d~,'`, S:IlC:i{li~iI1 L,1I ~%f ̀ . Tf7 IIEii1ICY3C,7Pf1[L'.

~, ~I;n ~, <~~~, x: ~ f~~~.~~lve~ ieti Ifl.i«F3tYr~

~~.i4~tij{f ~,3}wt'S7ti4~} f:~S: giC#le a. ~~st1{31~iij~ii7 .

~i, L~~ri~s 8;ir~ ~€liL~~J~~Kii3~7~ 4C~{:71-'IC2,

t~ksjectb~ta ?.l_ [x}~{ai~ e~i3y vies~i:. csP I~~icrrr.r~ thcvu~h

:~antigs~ik~ and nEas,ica~ is~rtc;it~cF~:.c ,gin;?

fr-,crihw, t~i:ir irt~~t3cEiina~, i F t ;;i'r~;,~' -

4~.siE~4iV~+7..~ ~r~'a~uifl ~i~~PJrsi Cyz~~lE~.~;s~i.- ~ _~~~1~~.uf.i~tp

~~"+E~%I'1(Sf PI'Ct~= ~f' ~ : ~'.i'~.l_i[ ~ ~ ,.. ~~~~.~~'P1t1

€~~stla~~ ar~rJ nec~at~ve r~'r:nr~emeri ar~d

nresee~t~tti~n and re~n~rvat puns~~rrr,ent

,'rli~ =Y {3'tV Ctjlt'S~n_i4sfil t't3IsG}i F.8,1.1ljt?S v'f~~'Gj'

le~ztliez~.

A ~ y ~:

~ t 't

21 ~.

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Page 2 of 34

q ~ ~

?~e~_tiv~T 7,~ A~hiy ~~h~Ytrral ~~,;~ra~th~c try mr~r_31lylnc~

t~eFi~vrgr Fri ait~t out of fhe ~Iassr~ain veini~

a~pli~.tJ b~h:s4•iora~ s,i~~lyrois ~~a~¢~~a-che~

~,~ u~o~o~rayr arsd ~j~_=.ti~t~ra9e t~n~ia~~iar;;,

~:ha}7i~y, ~iu,itivc {a~,7~ziee, ra ~:irzl~*nc:y

E~l~i Cat. ~:t~v .-i c.:! i~ i )Y:::-~ ~ ,1~:.:. ~9

i'.. ~,.'l,~

Lk~jecti,le 1,S tYr@Iy f,~nc:iorr;at ~c°rati~+ar~i ~~S~s~m~rAt,

~asitis~~ k~chauiatal s:~pp~rt„ ~~d s~lf-

~a~a~aerent se€~rti~{;~e~_

~~t~4s!ttiv~~ ~ ~ ~veilir~te; ~c~zp~rattrFrc~rir} t:?t:sliE.ritt~c. i~~

bek-~a~i<?ratil Sh~;~,ei~s c5t Pr,tsraiir~g .sr,r xicic}r~_,

~~r~ str,~ about 9hei~ ~f,{~I~ca.iar~

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Page 3 of 34

\~;'hti~ u~ ht.~r ~hc ~~~oa~ f~rrrrtii_Q, niase oi't~.s shim; o~'s¢iac[yl~a~ anci KziGuo~, \V~: thiabk abatesubJrets er.skills 3Es intriut tai m~strr, suc[~ u3akp~,~l~ra, ~~ani31~, i~ltc~niscr;; t~r'k~ract. Iiuc feamiog is

ifo;1'sniifeii ~~.~iHa:~l. \~~z liatn ~~cr}' buy nl +fur lirssr Habicr Tram to- ~:i4k thhir leist,? ifelke the ¢inh (c calxn~t their cribs ni+?at, y~wrQ girl:: Nara the ~}•rics to a!I c9rt ctas~ari~c F:ac~~ 7'~rr1~ souk, rniitc~le a~ c( ~rople like me lalrn a~ ih~n~ the8r dir~[ aii~trxrrci e; ~r,tcren~s, ~iad eFcr}' len~ y'sars +y°e :ill learn t~ Vinci x ~acx a~~~te o)~:3cc+v a[tr sc}eit~~ Gshen the »It1;sn~c~ tc[~e r~ncs ~c~ ~nriii)~~«f1 };t, true iz}`t~<Idi~an,'I7fEe I~st es~mplcsho~~~ ch~e fairniiig is nrit ahi.ayz ini~ninir~:il, \Ue don'c erg' ici like n~~tiv ~e~~lc~;~n~t ~li.s-Elkr colt! un~ ~ i~ (~sc hr~rnx c~~ li~p~>en c14v ~s:i~; Z~Gf• dc~iri jnsenrl cc~ 6ncc~mc ncrm~kwhy n iy'r 1:r~t q tuich~r Ea[I vur n~nie ur ~rhen c~~rt tacp on~.~ a:tagr~ yet many' of itscti3, Sze tvlsat is rhis; ~x~svt~ti~~ pltcn~~r~tt~nssn salli,l learr~itr;?

In the Ix~s,7ct~x[ zc~~s., Icamkn~ +~itiura ~4~hcn rx~xefencc dincls~~l;n~ pithier)~.,u,~~ 33 rel~aai~el~F ~ernuinen~ eligngc in an indRti~i~€u,if: ~:ho~rl«Igc, I~l~a.1'iur~ far~wt4ir~;tl t's~r hclia~•iar.'1'hc il~;t~rgc is~;t~~ fx~ ~iclilwritt: +3r r~~tin~rnti+~n.~I, iqr i~ett~e or(t~r,h~~~ric: 4Y>sic~c u~ in~u~rr~c.:tnd «n~s~iti~=f ~t un~;~ns~io~~> ~ ~~a?~4eE 2{~I t, ̀chunk.2@1?).`to ~u;ilifi~-as lesr~in~.-d71s ch.ui~,s mu,c (~ Un»hfit ahc~t~~ ESN ~n~re~rna*—~i4,also i~u~rtas7~n t~F ~ jrrts~s»~ t~•tth IS~c ~~r h~;r EnvErtfna~uc~t. [:it~m~es s3~~tEt{t' ~au~.;~i lati'mawrariuu, aye3~ ;~s ~ruwi~g t:}1C~e u, e~~eirin~; { ri}; c~u nn~ c~u:il'ifyr ,~;14:reiG3~_'t~cijpd<

~:ii~• ch;~rpcs rF<ule,n~ ti,~~it illnnys.~;, ladps~r, dts~~,~, nr I~~r~iyrr ~.::~lie~ s~4tuctiFl !'ta~ti ag~ ur~i riKftnitlo~~ ~~i It~r~t7~7b. A ~s¢t~s~i7.t~ltu #tss ~~n~.~.ve~{u»tt EiKx~ lr~r~~ 411ya`ds>rsnn9 Irar~s ~o hr Itu~t~ri .~~t~ ;t per~~~t i+,~h<+ i~ SII ~~n~:c nta 1~-:ant r~, nii~.~ ~eiurc cl~i~4~~}~.

,Y if t`~3i~CtiF. 1k9tlli[l~; kl~,l~'~ .t',J t{ 4fl ~t13tP \ti' ~1~1illt(d (41 ~tll lt;['r Ile Il~ll._i_\...

(~1na~eiinsl4iA>n~Eh~~fi~3th:ttt~~shhai~b~r4~ultn~ln~n~lc_uni~~yia~p~.7tti~~h~iq~~Sv~~ia~]w~fRthi'~CY~~{'.~~5'~1~Y'141~,ry(~1crS4S~SF1~~~er UC~t~VttsG t\~mFE }~t f1n~~~~i4ib \~•r~U~t~

a~,Rs~ ivuE~ this st ttcttit~itr, butt s~~is~s tra~cl to eni~~ir.~t~-rn t~iE c6~nQr ~n loin+slxd~,m,:ttsd~nd,~n fon4~can theciru~},~ iri 1xhaF~inr,'1'ttc poss~~sial fc~rl~ha~~or mean.thatIclrni~g~.m talK~ plar~ r+•c~t i~~hn inc~iti~idtk~f s[a~s nt~i ahva~~~ aea an the cftang~ rtnle s the Situ,:~rinn+~r mntit~aic~n is ri~hc.'17st ~~ccntal is t[t; m, r~c,~ti if`the lxhz~•iir~.~~n.~ nni ixcu€,i:ognici+-c ~rsp~hclogiscs; ~o'ho ~`~cu~ nay diang~x in I:rt~nvlEclgr,.Gclicsz Icxriiin~ i~ inintcros) m.ncal accivicy th,vc can~~ot kx. ~bs«k~td dirxcily. its }~~a ~roifl ; r~ in t~ha},ccr 5„sugnit'sv~ ~s~•Glicl~~sfs ssudyiiig Ir~rningair in[cr~st~ in anol~s~rvabl~,nictir~( aaivl-~i~~s such u thinl:in~; remrmlxHn~, and sulvin~ ~r~lcm9 ty~ L), }:}ein. 2915j.

'I'hc ~Ss}zhola~istsdis~usscd in this c9kapclr Facorb~hav3oral learning ~heones,Ì7~c hrhat~irrsl vit~v rcner~lh~ u~tmit~s [hat ~hc auti~nie oC1,=lcnin~ i; a change int~rhai~ior' aisd i~ enrphasiz~~s ~hc i~li~~r of ti~.aern~! i~~enr~ ~n the indic~Ftiva[. Sa Eritrad~~ Ixhasiocisca a~icl~ os J. $. 1\Paiurn ~19tCJ} c~ak cJtt r.~~iital pc~siciaii [hay Facca~crchinlci~eg~ 'ti~ccncic~nc, :snd uil~ir iniimil m~ncal evcnt~ cusild sous F~ ~~n ~r sra~~ia{ri~lnut~iE~°,iiotl xienciliutlty, thc:,e "~r»~t~ilisaz«,` ;u tip rallal ilirne. slmcild 3wa ct~Fn heins(udcxi{In pie ~x~~I:enacG~t~ of Ei rirtirc~;.

N~uros~enee of Behavioral L~ar~unc~

Ys~u -ra~v an C~ha~,isr-~ tltilt c~r.~tc Ikatn~atg mars uuck a~G„r~ al~~~st sl~c 1~r3iu. Rctk.tr~l~•«4a~nRlui~ing u~tirtial ;~rtd 1i~ivra~ at~a~li.-s ha.~~ slisc~n•cri~~l ~paRt~ n bir;~bneRt tl~~ arcn+c~I tf~~ hr~siia (i~v~,tt~,i tvitlr Icariatng new 6eI~~~~R~,zs, ~~r ~~c~myl~;. ~~rrtz o~flja secc~tlnlu~i~ aa€ i~a+nl~`~1 in inspl~ ttfl~~ IE.~i~t~~~~, llk4 I~ariti~g to ~,li~tk l;sll~,vir~g ~ Ott+ii~d=lot t+xn~. ~~til ~ufust ~e~r~E of tl~r Mr;+irt Sri i»va~l~'cd ict I~atm~c~ E4i3~~~ to tvtucf E~.xi~t!"itf

' ~ sun~u(~si~~~~ .c~~93 ~s tilei~c~k SStf~>srart., 1Y~~i»c~aaa~~> €~ IG~I,t>u~4 sutl'db t~t~sr limost}l' n-:i:t[C~~ uak u1f} :+~simal~ life) ~>~o~att+ will 1~et~a+~c in c~rtaiTi tivayn tc: ~i~t acintiita~ti n jai i4~infnttcrs: 5dm~~[asicur s« cett~in ~~ara. ~}~ihe Mersin acill 4a~~ hu~~~;ry cue t~

~ iKntsrkYixzd a~1c[ ket~~ ~aie~g tit~h:uehi~r i1 eal;~'~ to kctE* tlte.>tin5~il.~~i~n ts~~iring,'Chi~tei _ Inc brain s~~scena< arc ~*,s~i:.a~es9 ~s~ich die p*I~aEncca pc~plceaF~eric~~ ii. ast ta€.vng

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Print: Educational Psychology, Global Edition Page 4 of 34

thi~~*s, i~t4ks~c~itt~ ~i~dc~ iii E amaais. ~t 9a li~c~}' tFi~t mam' 3':ac~; n{" sl~~ brain aitil ~.-ni5~plca pats~trr

,if actirit~ alEmv tas t~+ snj€~y a~~tiac b,spcii~r~tss~ "~~nF t?s ivr~ni sham4 ;2ztsl I.arn I~znv to Ica kfiam"

(lia~tnstcer~ &dash, »iN~~, p, t~t~7:1~afirr ~vr. ~~,tk (n dck,~li at 1,~h~.•ic,€~a4 ~aF{~rstati~+ns ~f frirnirt~~ !ca's ss4~, ioxo cua acci~~1 cla«=

ruvtn grad Harr tfir F~o~~il~ts n~tilt o~lc3inia~;,

~.~arxa gig X~ ~Q# ~t~~ays What it ~~~~n~

~Cficr,t~~e~~t, u~iA'nr~Ciab i~~i~t~ hrr en~s~ruii~g; erach~r in aq rigt~th-~,t:~cleac3~i:tl atndi~~ cl~c~t f lit:415e1~

ir:~s n~~lg tcf Cile~• ~;v~r.ult ~~ie Utres, ats ~fiw nia~eccE cu the irr~ns ut'tist r~c~m, ;h. ~,t :U-cu~2tef m~f~s(I

:i~~~xcsteh chc cf,~ir~iun~ ~3i~~c Iz ~ti:i: i~ye k~i~,ltee~a~pGn~i~re t'ec~no ~ciltti~e. i~.[(zils~~tlj'~ nr{k,rn~[ Fae:~l

nut~e~es xuctt~6n[}• l~artu' eetf~ tce~~_

"Pui +3r~~~uvt hg fire ~~}' Itrst b~5s~ri,ii'con~" i4ir. I2e~Ss ~afcj. "E ccetldat'[ r~;lah s~rli lit nig3sa

tti [e!I j'net:~

1Ji~~~ecEi tr3~~1 saa l~idt ~~r rt~rti~n~ (sir l5cr lisncl~ ccc~nililc~3 ~s s~~r ~,aah~Y~ tl slaE

Antes ices ittc Iec~s}ti. ̀ u~6c nirnicf Sc> l.ec~ hct sat+~c~cs ~n~3 intnuiucc~l alic daf*'s en}~3c.

"l.~e'sai.~rtt~rela} ~~~efi;iki~rcEuf~,;nnr.(ui!€sap siti~~t~~vf~eclssslirnla:n~yQt~euccA

~yr~ Ehfi hnC tisnrd~ snu t.~n think +~f: aric4 l +a~Ell u~ritr [lictij n75 the 3~aarz(. ~~n~C alt s~t[t

;~t ant<, ehuur L. \t: ~i~ ttn~it sus~ttpstt ~Is~ 13a413ni~h ~ sit yt~' ik}isr ti~•~tr~l. t~lett; Ftr~~ b3

[hc ~7s= ~reauL ~E,tt~ceY."„Ci51@ r\'.r:" "l;inc~~l~ ° ̀Fcc~tilhhi." T~~anei(n1[intt Pea~lana,ui{~i: 7`!s~ rn,tic~xx;

c~ni4 yt~i~kli; ~ni1 ~tiaat c~h tv~t~ trlicv~*ct i+i s l iha~ che,ruEie~ict u~dcess~~ thr wine.

",.l.f~ xi~~Si. 1'~'~~~ ~t#~7i~,~ 5~kC 5:7 jt{~'~iiti~ S[} ;tfSclC~yck PfkC: ~l(t,~"i,w

:5~gili G-~~t~Iir~u.' '~t~~~it i),5~:~~i~1, '.:souils P~ek;~ "l~io, ~b~~ ~',cr~iteetc~4p, }r~tt

z~tttUPly.`" ~~C;njiJ +~~9tFl7Glttt," '`]14t~V C;riv,~ \~riS~~ Saf~R ~1s( ,~n~tc~gY. ~ PiFa~.ej~.t7f ~;tsS~~ltc.Y

7 itt~t'. i~ :ii:T[kii ~}YF l,SSO[[t.

"Jucfc [~~v[" Flik~bstl+ ~ighs~tl drr~itira[}; "Cerl~ ~Ltoia~it;~irt v.-~+ nxt ttl~'~iie€~~t lime

+tie[;,"('hcn slar (~i~h~zt t~m~ ~~~n +~I~ the st~stl~ttrti,c~;sc ~a~~glti~g "f.)kap~, ~c~tle tlE,ti7s."

Fliri~~ctl~ ~.~id: ̀Èfct+~ is a~Ens~ictis~art[; aVcytth:'

~~k~lt~e4~(lics;' 'llrc scudriiu 4c~usi~cstci9 m I:cs~~44. "Jc~fl~• E~r11is~,~' "E3~ly.d~nc~i~."

lforc I:Ac~~htrcartcl3 f~crinappmpriat~ ~c~tams,

"just a niiaute." L`liEak~th glca~ed. "'Ila~se i~lc~sars Qetcing zi liaic okYlaac;'

"~.)~'Is~ccr 1laset:,~I6" shaiased the b~v 1~,•hn had first attsn~inned ju+3c L;~~t. Hr sc~ue►up and starczt~ xhiu~~in~ 1,aSls at ~a}~r c~+ a kirnd ui ifi~ back. of fie r~nm; sinaceLicinr4,

chr.sn lc 4t'fim E.inc~cuni.

"Tl~c San [~ranciiea Gi,us~s," "V~~, ~hr Iced 3oA.' "fi:~ll ~:anx~;' "4 (~~e dvrs~`

"t'u~xom''" "Ai~ruiu." "r\'~ctlix."'~otef rtfarrrrtrtirr."jtidr t~1ti~." ̀I`li~ rrf}wnsc~ not4~ came

u~ ftcc Foi EIrzal~cah m ~Zo~.~ ahcna. I'~r semc rrs~of~, alit Juice L;iw Jinc fur an evcn big-

~;cr Isu~;ls ~hc set~n~ su~.e rraunii, anc~ f:19~~}xdq ~ucld~nly r4~]'srt2i;1~c h til lair chc el~tc.

•'4~k~rn; ~i;zusc xt>u knasw su much :ihnEu ~I7e C;iuil \r~ar~ ct~u?vur he~ks .uacf sake

~snf a Win," 1Jl~atx~ch Szid, oEn~3ps~ife' ,ir~ge~t Sht ~,r~;~C uut ehr ttvsel:;h~et chic she h:a~i

~>Iuin~Y! :~~ a aru~x~iu~~c. ~~xn~i~i~~, pro~~~c. ̀1'~j li~i~~ 2~7 ~5ainiues c.~ tidish cCsis tcsc~`~

,:1'i~u de~I is'~ ictl us,ec urrr hai~in~, a cc:5i?" Y`l~eCa iri'c iaic:" i\L'rc t~avcn i cvcniarcTtc~l

t173stitul~ vr~!` "E cllc►s~ clt, ~npthiit~ i~mia~l"'t'htrc utn: mcs~ie~ nnrt clis~us~ctil lades.evrn ~rU~35 gEtc ~ie~•t'ti7dl{~tv sriec~cia~ "~ j~a rcE~~riin~ycrou ec} SF~c 1ir3nrlQr~~, is's ax~inC,ifiin

nt,caiE3~~i~ ri~hc~?""liti,~ lnst ~~7niijttitt hit. harsi, ̀i"14~-cl;~c~ ir:~tl jtti Ein3sis~ d%rc^~shsitrg itiauiti;c~t rà~h~~

:rs ~rCR-}~.4~i:fkidT fd~ ttt6< <tt~l€ f~~ t~ir C=fei1 \~G'nr. f1~ a}4e li~t~flt#~ fU (ht ~trSSC~tS3, F~1vdt~~clr

i~ltte~TelrEe-ticr+vti~:~. ~Irc~;~vE~~;s~,g~~tl<<tfrc^,~'tcst~"'?`[Ìtielirst~~~ic*r,bfthc~vi~t~'+h~e~

3eitz~li~~zF 1#c~5~kna~~t ~~r~«sl~ir;n~ :L~ C:'(uil W:ie, «7tcl il~e tie~t~s~ ~:ctit~ii .ts~~t1 a[us~ca~fi

ua crctit~ 3 ~t43+i•ss}•1~ ~~rugr~i~i ii~tc~vl~-svriif~ isrdi~ti:cr~~ E~t~~r1t= Eiru~lsecl by' sli~irctt.

"t1~~ i[g~i~,:t~~ Ii~ftt~ igs;du'0 EM'.! S~3i:.~ui f'P14't~n ~~1~•c C[t ~1hY~~~~4~ Flti ~v(of~:x~i,'p;

Ii~t a g~~lr t t4a~go ii~s+~ [ec yt~ia+aUt~: tp~ctl~eT due }-~sur l~rlrn~inr~h~ ~a3nt~i~~g crlB~ me

hops://www.dawsonera.com/reader/sessionid 1481620258028/print/view/false?print... 13/12/2016


r-~C51`_ I" ,.~1 li ~ ~ .. i , ,,.~.~i r tii i',~'r`4, .t:Ji`~!

Cannuti find C•si#zn~ f~ PW\3{t5 il"

i uamirig key ltfsoci~l9n (I; At }QU(tit @ ~SiY ts{ 6~JiifGt;7f1 Coaroir.~ c.9n ~+~

aUril;ut~Ydto enntigmi+ly(ir3.. I~e~,i~-n~

by asisr~ad~vn), 4~lutt am same ihirr~sRhat yrne ml~ht hatiu~ laam~d b~can;t+your t4?4h+.tr ps~r4dr.~Ctlal~ S&im4~11 (4'g,.

na~vz of ~hQ tritact of thesiphs6sat}#

Page 5 of 34

t~tit }'gU ;IR"16nS (SLISC4 ~'ryt I~~Tt11E4 ~Ytf({:s' ~~ }'04t C~It i'Ulll~~~x•C~ i}~1~ tt~S ta~tit4~t1 0~ t~tt c~1CCf

~vny~S[l~ {~1Sicf{5' 71YE~ Rl tla}Ufi~l. }'411 OfR!'tS~7~C tl~~C~~1Ci Uh~[NYC _~`d'OAd "1•-fi~~~L ~~-~4L.lEsR'C~1

knr+r th;tt hrr students ~yot l~f like to ~curk tcrgcthcc urn ivritin~ tli~ acri~~t Inr tlec rze+r~intcn~i~~~~ pns~na~t,

EJ'r.~.~h tlri~as ~trtit3 to I~ol; lack ac her suFxniwr, lK~}Eat sti;~ ~~i a~titin~ oil }tisil~scn;atia~5 tirm't

i,t aEij~~;}rs,'un dieutFace at lf;Lsr,.-tlf;tt very ]3cilc €~.criiiraA,iF c~ti~~ a~~et tia:~ Rtktog ~~Iar ist f~'liviturlr't

el;u.r~~i>~f1. t~lital~th h;~cl >on~~ ~iri~~l ~d4;i5,-I.~ui al« als+i cG,,e~l{ +tinn4 ~ui,taka~ in I~cr ~E}j+~t<.~4ioi~ vlI~ac~ili7~ ~±iiat~iE>ls-s. ̀ 4~ ss7ll rr!siirii cn c1y[s ~•~7iurc(e ~r'~rsl tGmc~z (i~ ilie elsaj~c~t i~~ u4:~1}~ 4ar3uEiaa,~~ces ~f kl~~t tcn~4i ~alaw~.1"cs ~ci e~,tart~r~. t~nie c~ti-eats ran lip aNrgl~n! ~f~u: s:~.h p~a~s[l~fy r~lat4~t[o s dit~i-rr~~4 Ietru{i~~ ~~rt~4ti.

~'~r~t~. k~EC S9 u~~gSt4$ NCtk ~4~~4 flss ~~itl ti.t~4 ttic ~Vnh~k C.; r:, !'U.t ~,1,t~-,~1~t, ~1~tit~ 1,{t~ i1~i{~e 1~1b~ 15'21(1

eSi~U+~%.~tt~~(3tlfr. F-f~r;1~,7C~I~l~s .~Y:I iI[~i S~cllSSrj4~ 14~i!'1~ ~~~f §y7~~=j;~ ~~~j•~°.~iwt ~ltl$4 ~"+~ S~~E ~nt_e~t~ ~~Y~h~.

nuc,ih~t~~iti tnnti~eua41 k,~ cEistp~af 51~~ etx.~tiv➢t1r i~~i~pri~pri.~tc^ r~~;~'~;~uµ:, t1~ts1 ii~ural~. 5fte ~,11tit1~[ktIi~F~hcc1 ~e a g~udank'a c»aotnsE-ate, tE~~ class jni~tcsl in lt4i lµa~~lt~cr,'CItF line lcirr,in<, {~r~~~~:.:. tcE~t4-sdrittinl ~ttc nsr~ii~iYitti; wlai;ical cti)ndizitrrsin~. c~~~rai~t e'i;its4iti~snii~~;..~ru~ol~crr~~,ni~,nal lcamiti~;, [i~filar f~s1l+.,living pa} t> +sue ~+i[I rsiniyine tla4se ~nfc ~;iae~ls <~k It~.~rnin~..staetin~ tiveESi ~ ~lncikuitp.

t.;~~~'9"I~;l'I'!`~' ;1~,:1~ 4;[,;y~!~l4~ti~ t.t►~1}i'~`1(;~;~E~4'(;Oqa ail Il~~ t,~rt(c-~t t~tE3l;~fs:ttt,m3,~! ltdan9n~, c:itt,r t'ta~~t rlriuutlk ~i$•t;.1~2 e~). 11e Laid tl~;rt +tipfi'n5eitl~aC2 d~1i~g,'~ ~~l~;Ci~➢~Y {QJ lvji4~~ f~5c}•~.~{ tin7ij~F, {.~.~ ~v~t4~l t~l~f wfiY r~.S[, ~~~ta~ (3~ ~\'k4[1 i~F[)' ~t~

eis~~ti~ttotis,'I"Iri. ):«c }~ri~~ri~rla is t~~c arii7at I~~~Ex~ttaxrr, Gh~,~u~ tG [~ i~z~E1i~4~'~tl in sl9 ~apl~i~+xtu~r~s ~;f[4x~nci~tg I>9ae~r~i,~utu~ 77~c ptiAFi~e(~ i~~`c~,tselyuify a~arr, elsat +rli;•h~.~cr ~.ui2 ur t~t~rr.ktn~tiH~asK~yetFr tr~c~lier~~f'tca c~eu~~gli. ~1~~`}-iviU licic~drr ~ucic'i~tcr~. C ~t~~r t~•1»i~ ~~~ly ~+ne crl`tiis:G~eia~-ttio~tsto skirttulu~~ ntiu~,ili4 ~kFi~~rt ~vil~ Ix~ r~ms~isb~rci tdp~dq rrr3pua~~+~7 t5, l~. Kl~iia. ~l~L~; Ettrhliae=1!791). Fcrr ezto7~~lc. ~~~tk~n P1ir_iEktli :~,id "~Scuith>" <tctilihis; tks±icatr~( tic ti~~~~rd~ "C;ar~,ii~a" a~icl"L7~3.a~~y;,̀ fh}4' h~rcl7a~:3rd clr~s~ a-n~~ t~y~~et~4et ~~~a~}~ ~ix~a~a, c)chrt ~.tnc~us n~ak' a1s~ b2 invt~J+•.dti4hen studrett~ ltaru th«-r ~,1~rascs, L,~st ~~ntl~uitr i~ :~ f~tsor. l.urtti~u~tp als~s l~l:t}~c a ntajcsr rnlc ina~zc~ther (s~ning~~m~.-~s ~c~st k_iac~4t~~ ac cla~iTal;%~rn~rlis~lin,~

Q e~~ s< 71-tlh~K ~losc~ yt5ur ~~y~ ~i7r~ f9ccrs ~,i ~ v~vi~1 fm3~r~~f ih~ klft~svl,~~: T(i~ sir~~ll Qf~r~~rich h~t~s c4ak:rig, A ctm~ ysu wv~rm raal~y cmk~~sr~ss~d in s~{ie~l. TfiE ta~ts+~~ ehc~tolalafucl~~r, Zl~e sni,nc~ of a dentist-s t3r'rIE, What i1,~! y«u r7dticc as yc~~ forrr~Gd ~I~~t~ rni~es?

It }•uu an like n~ ; ii3i~~ining ~1ia~iund of ~ht drnciu's dull tighict s ~-aur nccl m~vc~l~s. C can aciu-slit° s:~li~:itc xUe~r 1 ima~,inr ~[~y Cdc, ur sisiaath iirh chum3lrc (op tie~t(}' ~+isuxc it Ct C~:bll },.m.and.E har~nrhad ~Iisn~z ~~t~~. ̀ Pl~e lirsk smis~r~assing sel~o~3 in€jdn~~ (cem~n~lxr~tf i~;u tatlif~f3acas l dick n cart~ihect i~ tic~ii~ <>I cl5r whole hid zihaat. r1 +moll rr7n~ce ,sill accam~~,7n~~~; thomtimurj~. Ciessicel ~cQncliflat~l~4' Isacttus air [tic ltaria3E~~; of invn[4~nc;tcy ~criszti~q~l pr p6~}`su?I~giralr~iwn:c; ucl~ .t, lz~r.7n€rc~ced ~nauclr Scnion, ~il"ss;uEan. vi s~.~cutn~,.'L`h~::rs~»n~Unc ,vc i:ilk<tres}~onden2s lmc:~sc~r tfi~e~arc~tntrma~ic r~Ex~n~,~ to ~iii«ufi.'1`Le~tugh tf~e ~rescca.~ aaf~I:u~lral ~~rir-ditl~e~jln}~~ lsur~t~igsa+i~i a~i~i~;~ts rir h~ crii~~l iu ir~et3n~~s~ls~n~ari6;~ t~s~ 5tee~~~L~s th~r picv~~itnly~i.~c~ KGo cI~L4(~--~)F~ 1'~YV (~[{~CSCIii L~+-'4S -̂t)i1 'F~5tn1. ̀~ ~1~'.4~i ~liSt1~4~4 ~{rhlE~ S~1 k~~~t u{` ~ttilt~; ~g7i~7, t~9C

fgip~»±;(lli~st51:U~C3l~Y -

G~t~si~stl Cau~iitir~ning ~ti,t~ Ali>i~~s•ott~xl iia [etc 19?~ l»' lv;u~ I`l~~l~v, .1 1tu~~rct y~li}~3t~l y~ikt ~i~h(r,ti,s~+ i~}~iaF~, ~~, ~i~ts«sa}~~~ I~ntix• lvr~g ~t tsK,k , Ci~g to a~stctc digesti~•c Ju~+.~ at'r~.r it I~_~ 1 ,^~n fr~.i~ E~«Fel~r 1~tit4r~~alx nl`s;n~e kz~i~ ~hai~gii,~. rte t7rst. ah. ~{e~~ kelia.~fc~t n~ exExcGa~1 ++~~~il~ thcti~ ti~c~ h~ i~ag #~~J.'I-hun tG~ cl~r};~ k.eg,~n ty ~l;vai~ ~.kctut~ :~r al~~y ~«~ tlse ~ib,~I, nn~t Ri5:t71~' cl~~~ cifi,,tec~ «w s~~rs ~. ~iFst`hstrci +is4 st":sattst~ w;ilki~tg; t[yw~n! t1~4 (:i1~, I"n~lcn~ctr~id~'<! ~a atak~ a ~lctt~tar I~ti~et his ~~rJ};~n:d cr~x~ribrr~ane~ ;~s~t~ sxanat«~ s1~~; ssncxE~~~4~41Feicrl`sn~~tc~ csr ̀~~4~•zlt~4 csI]4-~x" ~~ !~~• s~H~~ ~lte~zt ai ~ir~e.



C~a tms i,f leis tint c sj+ceime~tt . I'~v1rn~ Ix~,zn Ctt~ :nt:nc~i~~~; , " ~, f ~ ' ~, ~+~~`s~ hjs~iat , ~,r ~ ~nci nti~~nrttt ~ t c

ray#,nom, ,~~~s~e~zcJ, ch~~n scs~ n+? s~Jtvatiort~ rtt thu Ex,~nt. tlsc ~YSun~3 of t1e4 k,~n n~ 1ork~.~~ a nautr it

tit»rilus ksccatisr it lama~}~t d~~nh n~a~liti~atiq:~,"17~cn ['avld~~ ~-ci s3cs dv~: ~Ihc rcs~r~Rsct~~~.+liva spin:

'[~~c~,~~l~~-.~ssnu~c~ondi+?a., ~I.:e~rnu9~a;{~i~}l~cc.~sE~n~pr`s+~r~nin~ng+~a'~r~sciitinnia~"~casaardc~!

to Pik"akrl(:>li the nan~ral znni~c<cion bci~+~s~'n f and:aliva 3ort,1'he ~~1ivation mS a_n c~nGant~itiannd

r~s~an~t~ (lIF~#, ~,rs4in t~ccau~ ie ~t.~. slisikt~ .znurniacit~lly--nn e~nd9n+~ninn t+.r~uiR°d,

Using thb~r shnx r7~tiusncs-thr CU stl. rirc Bali+~asioaa; and thr tuni~s~ t~arS;—@a,-lrr• d rston-

sar~xed d~as ~ .icsg tuntil ire rau~fitint~rfl m ~li~~~~ aE'ser h~arin~ chi ~wsio~ I rk. E lc c4i~ Chip irk,

zonri4u~,s~c ~irin~ dl'the ~rund ry ch lood,.He souodccl dee Murk ~pe1 chcn gi~ictly ti~zi i1Ec tlss~.

Aftcs Fav~gr r~jk.~rat e)~is xs~azl t`sm~s, r3ec ~3ag hc~n sc~ sali+ate al es hcariia~ c9b4 a~uncl. bce[ beCare

n~eii~ n~ thr ~Sirxj. hlcstt~ che.owid h:~d i~;ti-nmea cr~nditisrne€! stimulus {G5) than co uld l,~in~'lisi~h

st~i~ acion Ley itself 'f3~ re~Exx~ue ofs~livaein~~fts°r t6n nuSe ivy, rEa~ a consli~~nmd rPsppns~ (~'ltl~Cln~ rxplan~ricr~~ C~rl~e~4v s]sii ~~etirs f«-u.., ~:En ~_~Etc~.ruit~iiti sir prc~3icc~lailic}~—chc dc~ taar~i; th:tc

the Nrevitausl}' n~utril,cimrdus (che si~unil oFclic casnin~ fuek~ nu5v ~~rcc3iec} chc ay+~xarincc u~tiir E1S

(c1~4 En~s6~.3ck flar~nimcil coErnnil~ep slec~xiuitd ti~~it6 ~tt;w~3ci~ra«ry~ rca~wrsu (s:~1'ssJcrq,~l-~~~~in~

rrta3t ii~r nr;tntief}~;~~ia~ tFi~ lasixi. [ltc us~xfa~ii~n ~r3 ~q~iilatianin~~,~'xlrrtsaunc~ t<a>ali~;isi~ii~ill

~e~c:u (s~n~~ [I~c izria~eJ i~ infvem.~ci~~n ~I~:~c hzljr~ ~hr~(S~~cx~>rst altar "ti3c3cE E~ ~m t~~ w:e,S°̀ ~t;l~e6~+

twivtiuln. ~f ~~tti~ct,. 2Q1+4« tirscotl~ ~l ~Ci~;,ir:. t'~7~).If v~u ehintc tl:h4 l'a~~icwi:vs ci;~~I~dc3i7 ng i„c of R~(se«rie.tl interest ants, ez~n_iie[E: cl~i~ r~~-~r}9t

fr«n~ t~SrC ior~a~d~+cethi~t~ an ctdv«tisSra~ ~sns~~~[go 1s3e ~eo~iuer~ ~Emetil ac "teen Y" e~r~ p~x~yE~

lsntrt f~r~u~~~ 1'~^7:itu3 i9'~~5: ,

h(aunr~"s❑ F~~+t' ~xcrtttiv~ -6ras't ilzrSe 6rvet tarns Cor this ~advrttisi~a~ .ttratk~}'J: tl~e

['x+~lt~viurc<mr~ri[i+.,r~, lay h;~nctigg Luc cnmf,Irs nl`ths brtn~t ac surldng, s4::~ccl,.rarc[ ~n~

snaa~~t~oa~l tnurn~m~nes, "~Thcte'n a F,ivCa~~iun ra~isnecibn fxtry«rn i8et Urand :utd c#~e

exhilarstin~ ~E~ri.ni€." ~.ars I~siti Eiuru-ih, ,~ ca}t niaakcdiit; ~xccuti~t at t'epsi. +~~5ich

i~iak~ A9~uns1ln f~c~v, (Fian~vitu. ~d)bl, ~s: I3~y

~7,oylx tla~~~ re:uQd Isarn~ tout hiith Itiuu~G~~Y>r~s a,r~" 7'1re Gr~ulel~lrts; r1pp~F•i~~ C:Ga-urer~l fa*rr~litioiujtg

~;ir~~auftla'. ~7t~t{ZCu~ ~C it's-.~;.

Page 6 of 34

1 ~1 ~ i4c p~ 4

T _ ~1 ,-..~ Jl l.l~l i. _

Assnr3at~ pcshive, piPafant evenq wltb learning tasks.

FkdFi7f1~i85 _ .

f. Emphasize gr~iu~ ~c~~y~ti4ion art~i ca~s~ra~E~n g~tociradivi~ivat c~impQi(ten~~, PhanX sCudents hays+~~s~ati~~e¢~*~tiona{ respcnse~ to indivf~ival eomp~titon that rrta}~genera3iie to othetlearn+ng.

2. Mlkp t3ivis~n tiril~s fun by hays,,~ s?udc~sts cletida ~ww tod`n~~iz tt*fr~E ~c~tt~ cqu~lly, ch~~ i~ttiri~ 1{ir~tlt eat tha t~s~ltt.

3, Makes 4'aPvri:<<y re~t3inc~ s~se~tinc~ ~~ tre~tirit~ ;~ean~fc~rtz~bl~ rc y f;;i~ c#t~ior wits ~i~I~ss,, caalarEut e~is~il~yS ofkje~~la~;, a~~;i r~~~~iing prays suit a. ~~i~~Qts (~~ 1~.tofrc~,t+.iic ngt~in, 1986,. far mere i~feas}.

N~lg sfud~rntx t~ risk ar~xiuiy~pr4duting situati~rissuv4turetari(y pond succ~s~tully.

P3campt~s1; Assigts t. ~~,_t rtud~rst thcrks~c~ixsi~slity ~t c~~e#iin~ €~~ra

c~#~~r Tu!fi hi F r'.v T ~S~riE~Ul+ 1111 ~ n.7dS {dC R1sM1]-} h1U~y6

2~ LSir .~- .,«~., I :t~ii:s tz..taarc~ a Igrt~rryaa;~, nor 4~.,r~ift~r~, rS~vA

~t~sgrarlac~l pr3ejf~t~ i~~ ; ~si(p•„~n~i ~fa~~n t-rc~(tly, sa sty: ±~~«~ir~lO CAE1C1 to ~fP4'E,ae°~ !i5 t~5t $ic:: aiiLrit

3~ pP a saurient isai~ ,•d Q~ speak"s~iq m tram vi tna el~ss, ivy ~. ;> st .: ~Rt rear ,~±j~a~t tcs a sr€ ~ 1 gr4up a.'~~tii~o ~$ated~ idt~e~ read "rt wh~ie siandirig, thin give the rnport fromneatas l~stfs~tf o(~eadi[t~ it v~rbdtim. Next. riacv~ in 5t~t7ustC~vr~~ havii»g ih~a stci~l~ieit give a eepc~rt ka the ~r~ag~e ei:~s;

Hetp s[udents reeagntze dtiference~ snd ~imllarl~iesamong sltcwtton~ scr they. can ~iiscrlminata and gen~ral9ze8pp~apriatef~E~~mpl~s1 ~ €~#airs t~rat it fs a~rnc pr"sate to ,xvot3 siran~ere vino ~$er

c~'rfts or rs~?es. ~t sale tta accept five rs frctan a;3ult3 vh;en~aa(ants a~~ ptcz5erat~

~~ Assut+~ 6Su~ti~[1ts+~,+4r~y ~.~ ,i ~~us a6s~S t~kins~~d~=Pais ~cn[r~rs~ ~s~ani~, th:~~ i~,~ .,>,~~ ~~ h~s~ wli z~se;stiierfiChir~vCrtl~ht t~st3 CEtUy ~SirT(a [~k~7rr,

lfyt75~aat.~~~ CSzLsV airr 1'. id`Si,~{,rbfs 1~ rfj: 5~$

~syshalbyy,5t_~~E,zaii-1+s ~,ttl,~,iu.alF~yt7i9~a5ytdtcl ,>>or.~.i3tr11

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~~~i.~ i'.F~!ti !I , r ~ ii~lrt , r~ ,1 l'dr~?~~')i~!

Cmsrt,±ciand E~sten~ to ~Rh>;~5 ~1~ It is ~ShSiil2~~ t~~~t r~1 ~ni~ of „ict rrngs~unai rrtcciwcc co ti;~rinU<~aitiattuat~ ate..l~t(ttit~ iu ~,aPr [~Eri1u~a~att3 pf ~pursnt ~a~dfaoei~g 0,'At} e~~~ica4 corulisic~~6ng; 1'li~~ici:~ns h:~~., a ccim, t~~t~itc ~~.r¢ ap'~u~nrrtr, elta[ c~v>sribt~ }~sse~~fs ti~~kas~.Cbu,ablc [d axplain Ira+~;~g frarn tl~a ~J~h{ ~rcasum (an invnluntar}' cas~ronsc) ~,rxi up ~rl~r~r i~ i t ac~~l in thr elckt~irs oCtice, usualE}•t~ahavloral pe:a tiva. Incdr~arate ~, ~oa~isaai~ in p wti•hitc ccra~. i1n,~tltsr a;~am ,le, l~ aahcth's,tsrmE+lines It~n~4.s ,~~1tc~~ ah~ s~~v lsircol-scs~cepisult~asslc,~u~doperant -~ d ~c~drtionirx,~ Into yc~~r nxptnn tine, lc i asi}xrti ~~s, nu~;ht [ie tcacet►"t~ preti-iaus ua~~~lr7sinc c~}scitrnex's during p;Lt c~+:~ltra ions i~f`hicHave ~ firm 4~atp of tho n'forka ci ~rlormai~a. itiat~~ jugs clac tho~~ghc oI`~+cin~ nL~~n~cY3 c9a~ic. ~ p~"undin~ hsatc end -.~tirac}' ~,:i9nis.reintare~Ment #z~o~ul~s ~n ln~rnfn~. C:la>~ic.~@ zc~nclititncn~ has i~nplir,~t«ans fur te.#c~~tc,a5 tir~3k ~,s marl;eiln~ mn~~ar~~~, I~~ntrm(~r that

ris:~iian. and actiiudc..,~ ~4•cl1 as ~atcs ai d i~cas ara leanted in cl,iicr~cm..77sis ci~taslunnl lear~un~i-~n aomesimr~ imcrletc with ~~ailemic lcarniny,, T'tcwidurc~ ba~ctil un ~lacs.a[ i.5n~id~rsing:il~ucan be utc i u~ held{ ~e a}rlc 3ean~ nrszre ac(aE~iiec enu~iion,d r~~pons~~ ,u Gl~~ Gu7i~rliutr, AP/'f~'hr,~t:Jrrcrir,rf t'n~ulirintliu,~ inn the Pret~ioue paRi s~s~ es~a.

'i'~i~'l~s~ ~'I~'~~ ii ~~:.'~l'~~'~~,~;l:,

3c~ 132, }s~ haie crmt~ircrrtcd urs chi c~u~~smr~[fc ~~~~~Illic~nio~t of e~}l~-Ii~Cc r~~~sta~ uel~ si ~~lisa-tion n~stl ifiir. ~t:lcu~el~tt nett .eU ttr~ntun 6~,u~iln~ Ii so cii7iittax3oniil arcd uas :i11 k~chaviurv;~re u~ aut<~-~lt,tiE- I'~ue>~f 9~~ivcjf "iS~urP,jkr"rl~ [~ieie [its•ienn3~lFqt.̀ 1'~tcirttefilii-fasc';~ciit5rt~ufc cà~(c~ i3'(}eed1 @tw:

7~[F ~(~r~1in~, ~+.c?t;4';~S ~j1ti'~~Vff~ ITT: tl~',{'~[l~ rxf1~FY~~7f 4~1„l~~~1~.6(7.]f¢i5{ fit]Ititll~fYiStfi~ L54`~~t4'4 Ltg lq.;lfCt

1~~ Irohasc it ~,rri:Ula ~ti~}~:u ti« njr~s:IF~ ctl~ Ids ~~~r~Kt~mit~5~,'f~as ~ycra~tir ~;~ticrally tkitru~he ~a Ere rr~Eru»nibl~ ~r}t dcti~clu~iin~; tl~c eaitec~it oI n~~E;taitt

E~»ulikic~ni~g is Li: 1~.'4kenncr (10537, tik ri~~4t hr~;in with il~e h4jie~' fl~ar, ~Eic ~~rir~c•i~~lss ~~f`c1a;~lt:il ~nnclitinttin~; ~r~nWite`Pirr i~~it' x small C~t~rticin ul Icttrr~x~rl ~x~h~vinr5. 1~San;~ 6uit~ntsk~ch:~vl+~rs ar4 c~},~saats. ac•c res~~z~Ic»t.<, [~Insg`sci! ~un~liii~nng ~lrsctii;~s er~lp kc~r.~ ~_xistingrc+po~xe~ ntig~lat i3. E~~irti~ ri~ish ttt~»~ Raintt~ia~ it corn ne>t r~;~~lai~~ hnti~= n~u• take€ant k~elu~~°i,~,rs1(i: ACSlUIfC4~,

3)ehxi~~r like tc~>~,itstis ~rati~i~it, ie zlnt~~fy 1 tirrotd far 5rli~t a ~~u~n ~l~s iE~ a ~~,iet[tular>itu~atiari, ~'~iaccE,~uall~•.,v. m~i~ chink ntà 1xEiavi~ra+~,i~~dtisichE~l ixi~t•~Ea ~rv~~.ut~ oi'ca~rir~,~~m~niali~fliscazc.-c; ~th<~~ Blau prsrrtlr it fS~s rontq~~d~r5tsf aRa1 tiao c th;~t taltne~ it firs ~Qr~;~r~u,mt.~s}0.~k~nn~r, IJ.Fitt),'1"i~icrr~ati<enshi~l~~nbe~lao~ruver~~5iniplg;~u:i~~ce:cfl~nt~kxh~vir3r-t~~na~uencc,ar /~~R-G (KarAlin, ~UL78Y. r~ hehiuior'is a~xgnin~.:~ ~ttY~tt teas quiy~cd bz o~rt€~* yin anttycv~enidor el~r ~rs~c A~Ii-C: xy~~encr, Itccarc6 iri o~krant conctitioniiig ~3eo~v. char c~perim l~chavicsr canfx alc~~sc~ii Er}~ clsaog~s to the ,tnte~ccisnte, ~Ur.cdus~f{uetsisy, csr trt~~h, fiarit ti4~ar4: f~cuuit an t~nss:-c~uencis. oticn usi~tA r.~cs err pig« pis ;~< xtsljct~;

T~~s ~f Car~sequenees

S'f~~t' € Tt-{[i'~!E€ 'Think back over 4e~cher$ you have hid v~~ra,yf~~ rewards or punish-rc~~nts. Try to mmenaf~er diNerenr ty~,~s of rewards.

~oncfete ~ev~aru~s (sti[kers, Food, ~nze3, certifs~ate5)r4ctiviky r~vrards (free;irne,. puzzles, f~~ reading)"Exerilption" +awards (na hor~eetvorft, nn weeltly test)Socaa! retvarcPs (praSsQ, recognitign}4Nh~c ahrwt punisf~mer~tslLoss bf pdv fees ~cae~ntrE sat vrhere you want, e~r~nat viork with f~ierocls~~?t58s tlosi ~i~its. t~radgs, mne~ey).Eistr~t work itcoma~,vork, laps, push-upsi s



II~iF'7=1? _ .. ~sr4;j I ',Et~~.. It+:~ ~~ r

tltcorc~bng az~ [tic 1ac~~at'icirz! F-ic~v. tte~a~ga~Esitcs eletetiatinG to ~ ~;n~t ~xtcnt'~~-lartl~ci a }?c~s~~a

~silL ~E~ai tlss~ 6El~asiot tlt?t le~~ iv the ~:nn;cs{{~eaa~~. ~f'~c"sti7u ~itl tinung al' ~onssi{ta~ns~ ~atv

~tn±~s~;t6sn ortircal cn ~icha+-iars, Sale ~S~ilt )n~k tirst;it rtiu~squenrc~t6at strc~a~tl~en itettati•ia~r,

f~~INFQf~C~ME1+dT, ti~~lrc~t~~F~ e~3~farr_~3ai~nt i. cf~«t~~u~snik' ~,n+ie~s3e1~~~ t:~ ~n~;Gn rkw:~rcl~' phi,

trri*s h:»s ~~~~tck'ulse ur~~:rnic~h is patsholnA}: r'~ rl£rtf+~reer i~;utp ~+~al~eyuint~r slret +eecn~ilrtp

if« ~r~ Iris icre tt ti~liria~~s: 5~~, I,y° ~~ciirtiaion. €cit~L'%rt4~l tE~k~a' C~srfi Iru:ar~uk iii frc-yittn4v ut ttyi~~dni~.

\k~ ate ititi~p }'itl; :+Cs:S. t]~li:i~,-i ~aF jS~tSGt[iflg ~~{ i~l4~s:~i~~}y ns`4'7 i ~IYI~~ ~ @i1 C:l i1~ :~cS+.i~.FifiSh'[~Y~inii}~e<~UetlyE=i

1~( t~Eill ~F~!~S;IVIi)1' 1t4 t~*E[i~ttf4tC:i ~0 Y't~t4' i11i~[Y'1~1R:1~ E3YV['k~YR~ ~~~ttC,'fSb k4 Il'1y4tl fFt ~l2. ~rry.St k~+~.} ~. ~~+,

Kf~:ligt 2U154 ~~nc7e+~rrt ~C K:it~Ef~n:4a~, >O~fi).-t'he r~ii~Ei~rs~~ritit~~ ~iruCe~4 et~~ lit tli3~zrttj~rne<1.9+

ti,~lmvx:

~c7N5€~lU~NC~ EFFECT

BeFi~vibr------~ ft~;~fa~~z~r ---~ Strer,gthen8c! ar rc~peat~~ t~~iF,avi~r

\~C~4 ~;xn be iair~y rcataiii liar k'na3 xc•ill hr~ ~rit~f r c tc w- ~s h~~ta~r5' an ~rtil. but ~~~hat at riot ~+~«E,l ?

{t is ~a.~t c{rar why din c~•c;nt airs a vs r~infc~rcr for :zn iacclividu:il, hiuc ~htr~ an manr ctsrari

a~iut 3rhy rein~onti~ncnr H~+~€ks. kor esn~a~lc, sums pst~haingc`su sa~esc that €c~int+ztccrs arc

~+rsicErecE acuvisiex or that chU< <atisCi~ nc~sla, t4~h~rt.~. otE~rr ~sp•Ehal„~ ;c;. l,z1s`c.•i- c#i~t r~ia~tor~-

tes r~~li~tr tins ~n ar 5tiinula~E a p srt ~rt'tice l~ca6n ~~, 1, Klein. X1115; R:c~hlin, li7~li ~, ~~1firth~Rthc.cv~~E~tv~uasc~,r ~t'an}'~tcia~~ iirc e~iala~ztn~ }~tali3l71y ~ic~aat~+ an ctac iacli~r~d~;~Ps peiicR~taait

~t`4li~ ~.~c,i~a ;~ni1 the mraning it hof~s Barr 1i~t sr laim, ~flr e~:~~~~*ler xc~~~[cnss tt~h~ ~ acciit~° gzc

sent tc~ the k~rmcipal's irllite Enr misUrlearirt~, aTi}' 1sr indica~in ; ihit winc~thin~ ah~rur ~hi5 isan-

fequc~se is ac-inliiriii+g tar them. ~r~a if is +J~,cs~ic E~m clesirah(c co ~~t a. liy ehc ~F.iy, 5kintmtr

d'sc[ n~,c spz:ula[c atxFut ~shv rcin~Cc~rccc5 mncrc:~~ 1xh,n~i~,r.1-lc t~i:lirre~l char i4 was ia,a8«~ tai talk

~Fsour."i~e~atinary conse,rucss” ~a~r~ ss mrmi~r~, sxE~a:caciena, narsL<', ~r creuiuhs. SkinneF siai-

~sly~ ile,cr€bed stye ~cnden€r ii,r :t ^.~:'~3~ tsExrin[ hch~twiae eo itsdn~s~ aE~icr ecrtai~t ran;~uenc~5.

(S}:imeer, 1x53: t91~tk)-;17s~~tc ate et~~o tp~~k, of reinhiae~~r,tcn~. Ific: iir~[, c,t~1«tl gositivs re6nforeremerit, eccKi~ ul~t~a

[h~ Eacharisx ~e res~w~vc pmdu~c3 3 nttu sci~ictlu~;s~~ pai[4< tcintiscc`~~ti2n~ Ia tltc trirrrix~itrt

p,~.trrr~tri~n ofrrarir.+~aeltvfa~llox~ir~g,r r~p~vnrr ~~1(6cres~ 5~'1`tcroiaej~Rln.'~dS1 rt}_ 1 tai the a~rctc L~I.~r+iar

and rrs~~~rir~ ac, ni~,in t(;r ~nt~ c3~tn~ I'x~i~~~ilG ~i sic tine rcint~r~cnisn[ ittttutk [t5c ossurce~ie.:

a3t f g~~Ele[s41hc~i ,i py~an ~4~.~i u~ she eccl ~C~t< cu~eiplinaen~.. whets r~tu ~~r.~r~ rl~w' cxccti[, or

th~'c~a utijt~tc~hc~•~ l~~~ur c1:r~snaacc*~~c•henase~xjcncficlfa.dueofitsC6~fc.~c3CiCc [`c~_5c fur.-.[esc «iOjaCCC11Yt~i14 t'3,I5 t3CC7f4 cc4'~ xlii•1I ;~!¢,ft~Eifi~i~l ~f~`~~jy Y~11'Stt)h~~ {~;ij~~j5~'~

nt~t R}(s~ ilsai:j u itat "~w~lf~t~" t~4~1~ tl~t tcarc~~tr:; pEWieG .~E v3ett; ~'rrittetY mi~lurec~tYettt tit i;ktip-

~~ru~t~iSr r.;.t>n~it •, u«u~:: tusiatesse~3t7lt}~ iii etr;enp cL~.~sc~n~ns, Ee~li~e;lestti iirdri4~tt~ ~stut~J~~~t1n~eii{•iacY lid= it:td+•crtens,~4• n;ia~inte~~~ tltein. Fc~t i:ta~ttjiFe: Flirafirtlt att~}~ ir.sr~ t3nuteuntio t~[lc• F~'~

i~~f~ ~sresh~;~~ rcR{xan~~ In her eE~cc E~y I:u,~F~in~ Cl~rt t~r~ d~~u clis l,z,y nnau~ctr~l. "~nda l.~u~; ̀

'C1ts a~r~~b6crn l~P~~tinr gray ls~tvr E~~rR~<;r~l #'c,>r r~tl~cr r~~~~i~~. 1,qt the ~nFc~~Y~u~ttc~s a~EÌ:IieaE~ci~~"

\~1Ìtin t1~4 cvos~+iasttc~ tE~~c ~trgngch~m~ a ba1m4~~~ac Ls the ~+rr~~rrttrtti~rt (~~(biiti~i~) ~f ~ new

~tianulus, the .sicu~uion ix alcFi»ciE .as ~rsi it~r ix•ir~irscntrnt, ~n rnnfrss€, xvhct~ the cc~nsc~{ucaicc ihat

itren~chensa beha~~nr is the rFmo:vrt (suk~ccactiori} cat :i srimulus. the }~mrc~s es smelled n~g~ttvia

r~iR#a7fc4 mbc~c, Sa, n~i~,ate41 miutansmeni ir~3e carJlixpnrd ~rxln~ti~o~em kiv~ir.5ivc ~r~rr~lrttrarrl

cter~rrrlru r ghi :ificr a r~spran36-ihat increases the ~iicum rsts at'Lhe ~s~wnsc {A1ExR~ c'l''Crt~utman,.t,lU'?}. if;a ~.aritct~laractian lraa3s Ka;i~viLi~ng ar i~ea~iia~u~ ar~rsi~-e~itc~rivia, ehcacciois is Lid tit• to

h~ reptisisX$ in asimil:ar situation. A i~[tintnn c~antpls i~ the rir ustl»Ic linau~ rSz wz~+it :u reu pui

on }?~cir s~atbet~. tlsr ircicacias~r buzzer siflps. ~osc arc [ik.fr to ir~trtt this "6ucl iis~, uE,"action ̀tn chr

C~nurc {s~€ the ~,nxc~cs i€ rrit~ux~crxr~rt~ Lxxause t$er res~ns~ reniaa~~ in ~y~rsis~ buzz~tg ~.ei~izu74~s

Icy the kind ~~Frcinloccemcnt ➢. to y~,~riirl.

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C;s~it~tticr naF n~ Wing ~~ c xtc~dsri~ vihc~ ~i~ett3nt~alBs ̀ gets ;sic~~ right hch~m ~ teat iir t~rz(

p~rEscaa~,iiio~ ;~s~c] iltcfi a~ sent to d1;~ tatlrsc nllir~:.'l~lti: ~rch:ct~nr altrnvs hint to ~ctp, avcniv~

sin~ttinns—~tcah~=-su gettirt~ ̀ s,~ k" is ltcnag maintain~cl, in part, throt~~~e ~si'~ati~•c rcan~unemc~nt.

Ii is ~egativs (~sa«se ~nrstiu~ siE6 rraaega~~~ the ~m~lcx~ant scinls~tiie {tic lest ~r re}u3rca: is i~ rein-iz>r:rm~nt Ixtat~v the Ex:h3ri~~' ghat i.m~vc~c3 thr.arim}ilus (gciiiu~ ̀ sick") iiFi~ca-+i~sbr rEp~atr'in

clre Future. lc i~ aika ji~si131c [6ac alusictl cnarliti~ning Marx a r~le.1'he stud nt Rzar hat.: b~Ynconclit"sorxd t+> c~ax:rirn~c un~l~a4~nt },li~~ls~lrygiral icacci0.sau to t~se.,

It is 6upanant t~ remrmLi<-,r iliat tEi~ "nc~siivo in n~;saci+x rei~sfcucenx~c ikrc~ taut imp9y

t13~r t~tr Ex~h~si~yr taring, rcintarz~d is ~~i~:e~~;irily ncK ti~~c or lrac[, Ths ~Eicanin~; is ri;~r to daa~ ul

"nE-}~ci+'c" nuiutezrs—:v+urtbii{(iisalirnarErrf,'1'r}• [iiaaiuiiacrp«sidve:u~cl nntscivt r~inl;~rc~nic~nt+visls ehr ~b~rrrv1r~~~ieY olàdeling i~r anbtraccin~ sunzeching i"ollt~ivin~, a F~Fisaior ~haa lE;~s the e~~r'rr a!'

:crcn~iheiiin~ (rciutnrcing7 the Euhavls~r.

P4~[~!!S~-lMENT, ~~s;~#t1tir rcl+sFi~re4n~rnt e. olitai t~rFti~,~r,4! with pini±fGr~~rnt. ']~3 ;eve ia~ this~Rditak~, r~~ir~nhdr uas tlir PtiStk-ss n~` rcinl~necm;rtt (~3itiv~ ae Ei~E,~tiv~) ali4at~ im•olti•cs~tcc•n~;thenin~ bsh~-i4r. +^'un~~hm~i!~4~ sari slip uth€r i4and, im~td~~k ~lr,~rFrziar~ or .~~pprr~i~r~EscE~ar~ioc :115c1~asi~r loll~xrd hy:~ punisher is lr s likEl}~ to G~ r~Fs~.icc~l in }ia~~ilar sicua~'sans in

the ~trztirc. rlgasn, is [< chr rt[«i tli;~r dcfin~~s a c~n~rysirncs ~ ~~inisliui+_at> aiid ditlemnt ~s ph:

ha~~~ ~liticrent }~cr~prions ni ~t~l~;tt is }~uiiishin5. tJne student nia~~ find s~isp.nsi~ai tn~m school

punishing, u~ficrcas ani~ehcr tucicnc t}•ouEdni mind ~hr 6rrtk ~c a3l,1'h pr~:es~ s~~puni~hiucn~ is

cliagranin3~~s3 as follol~x.

GON~~QU~NGE EF~EctT9ehavior—r Punisher ~- Weakened gr derse3sed behavier

l.ik~ rslioiueicmene. ~wsl3E~roenc mat° take tarts ~aFnva lamt~.'I'fit }i[~r near l~a~ E~e~n eakft~i9j~~4 I Eaun'r~huienc, bui dais is~me isn i ~~ir~~ 3n~~ruha~isrt, ~n 1 e~s~ die reins pr9sentsti9n pun-

[s~ment Ic cxinr~ jvhcn pee cnxing ter ;iil~tin~ ;a siinndtu ftslli~syi~~; sl~c lieh~~~ic~r stip~irr usor dcctcasas cht hch.3wir~r. tk'17en Eexefi~rs rcprinoand seuc[ents; a~sigi~ ezu;i ~vnik, ~r mks stiq-~fenss rua~ ~xcr:r 1~3ax, xitc[,sU a~n. tl~ry ac4 ~sin~„ j~resin~az[uiy ~~utiisl~aicns. 1 ct(I der other ~yptul runlshmzni (Li=jsr 11 p~snishni~ntJ removal punishnjene becaii~e it in4r~Iti•ct e~s~lu+tiiig;i+[3rnulusw 1Vhrte t~.delS4rs ~,r ~urcnn ~ i3:r a~v~c?~ pri(~lls~~~ afs~T a)'aun~; p~anq h:~x t~nfri~~~41 in~~~.

Srrupri~itE}', the}' ae~c'itp~~lyEn~ ~4ntipt~p) ~iyi~;whi7iait~. 1~+I[h 1sc~ih typr5; cii4 ~#Isrt fs'in drrresuee~sc belr~~~[pe c~txc ~e~l ~u ch~;suirish«sepr. i=lGt~rr ;~, { s,umns~rE~s~ dar p;u~~s ut teEntu~c~~tt~ni:lil4~ (14111 ~4Eleli[f4[..

Reinfortein~c~t Sche~tules

1\'1tstY iht~ividu~~tc~r. l€~rn~t~g~ ~k~v I~cltj+'i+7e: ttt;y' will lcan~ it 1a~ti~t il'ehcy arz tcinliitced 1`nr c~•+:rye+xret~ rsE,v~~~`.~ss ix:c ca~tinuoud r~rnfor~umc;nx 5~hndc~l+.77tcr4, ~c~1t4~a tlk~~ I~:sys a~asti^r~clahe nc~v l;t~~,~ti'i+~r~ th~~' u•11! i~~aiistciiii it fx.~t il`tEie}~ ~i4 re°i~rE~+rci~c9 intktmitperitl}• r,Y~lirr t3ean ~ncn,.

tiaK. r~e~'ink.~rmi1V~»kryir[~,rr~„rnr:nk ~€ela~duPu ktt~lp~ sttul~nt~ Ci'~ ntaiitit~in .kills i~tl~~ut c~~t=

~n~~~>nstiut reinl+~rsan7t~nt~

'CEic~i ire ~tti~ basic cv~~c X11' intcrmi~ira~s reinitsrcen~e~r s.h~lul~. 47n~=t~R~~sl anintarval ~ch+~~ul~*—is based an tltt am«iia~c ~il'~urt. tlsatp;~s~tkrcn4~t~ r~int~~fcres, ̀[`he gs6rr—

a.,firs~~hs~c3ul~~lsL,:Lcr~lstntlz ~ti~rtlicr~ti~'e~~ann~~Ifarnt•n~ic~~~tE~~i~nteinf'c~n~~3,Intca}:aivjd t~tfo xhftluk~ irsa~ Urci~lui fi~c~~ {pn~clict:~bliy c~nciria6lc{iin~~rtda~t:~61c),Ta6[~ %.1 an ~+~n;~'Z6~1

summariix;, the 1isC ~acsible T.~sif~r~rmcn~ ;1c httiipl~s ([h€ ct5niinuaus shrilut~ ~riil dre fuser k9ridsofincemiicien c ?chiKtul;~.

1~;rlaac car the s:lhYt~ of c[it~ctcns cE~ctt~dr.? S~ntigj Qi`~i cfi~mlance tlrj>ritct~ on coiurul. (Frrinfurccnicnt is buc~{ nn t1~e numli.r o1 czspiinxs you gise, then }'ors have inr,rc roisEr~l oycrc6t rrinforci~niinz: °L`hr Cassrr }"~u :~cei~nzu~ac~ .~hc 4csrra t t~umtur of t~~,Ewnsc~, c1~r faster clrc



i;Jl~e~t'ft , -_ tal {[~,r? 1: At~I~.'liti 1:7

t~[~lr~5 of R~t~lso~~~rv~~r~i ~r~u Pu#~15~tM~N7

N•,y~riv;~ rini~i~m~nt an~3 punr~fir-runi are ~ :.~n c~tui._ 3< it Tray rtelp g,~u t~ ser~em~r ties+._;n~ rn~zni is ai+~ra/s ..s ~ :;:~tcii with in€tcas~s te, ~i*he~~iors, encf ~~~pnhrnc~~r, alv~apw {ma1v~s^crr ,..,7 c.' "-1t 7

.r°~t:.i~~ F~Sh:y,riar,

Behavior Encauraog¢d Hehavto-r 5uppfts~Ct1

~P05~1'rVEkFiNFOittERAENt ! PR~£SENTATiON~'J113SHf.1FtaT("i;KYarii ̀J i'1yp~~ I' Fl~i~;shRi~~i7j

F,e,3rry~ie;IHr~hy~hci~+s Et7m•,:~:af{C(-~iF`GCdrSl.~ter~?io;i

S!Jmul~ ' [ ̀'~~ 1-PrnscnieJ cc ti~'ct t~ _ y~-

~~ I ~~+15c~~~~'sv'" .~

1 __ ~ ~~=w~-- --

NEGA7IVERFiNFtJRC~~~iENT kEMOVAiPUHISHFhf:i1'

v'Eu}}1X~"} ("}y{;~ II' P.iniir'. n'~=r1i

C~,;~'~c; ext~i~d ircne cr~;rs Eiz:i n+.,: no T': (cr a v:~~s.k

StimuJlis. z-? _=t - _

4Nirhh~lfl '~:

1~ ~ti'"

rrinlà~can~ac tiR~tll ~v~iur. A ~c:Sc•trrr H~h~ ~~}~, "!ti stiofi as y~~~i cc~~ir~~lcra c1~t~t I~ ~xr,6lanis e~pae•

Cc~R~~l, ysdU 15};~5'. ~~y(i'12 S[t ~K)i1f ~~~i;.~S r C..~YIl Ck~~k ~51~'}lC( (gSCK fl) ~1tf~YfU;t11fC tfiilfl Fk. KQ$C~c47 aYl~l~

:~y:i: ̀ \'Gi,rk ~It iFitt LU ~,~nl~Ic~t9~ Ins tlic next '~~? ~ni~t4~t~r.'f'~el l gill FM~~k p~.~ur p[tj~sK se~t3

tfttEi~C•~~~it~tl~lc'k~ftectns:~i~lia3utttiFt~tairi4'c~~s~:'.. ~f~Fa~?fiCfl€6` {O filer:UfRlaiii~t~Sf1clti5~~ {~t1~S1t1~7Kt~i4i:Y~ii~ItY. C-.(cif#(ittlt)[tS 1~1ftfi7CiEdttc fit ikt5j~ jicil~i

~:~~4~~~f ~ixcl~ !ci i7~ctlk~-~ni~idC I S'#t~l~ lilt# ~77~[1 ~.iF~~ (It~iCe' ~T~'~1Ct5tJ~4", ~'4' €oitl~ t;? ~X~!~ CSAIi~t~ ~b'C`--

~»c~i,€ ,s {~~(~in ~~~~r~~• ~~,d ec~ gu~~t~:tly ~kti~k to ~i4~~. ~Es w~~ert t~E~ ~;i~ir,n~rr~~r rC"4 E~~,~ mktour a~~~,<<.tttf,~n.ti. ~t~~ cr~4ti~zca},•s ~~~rxitrcara ~c~~ re;sE~nnee, titiii~[~le kclr~•d~d~.s 1rw ~~,o~t YpF~~„~rri.u~~,

t~ great rY.w~~ls s~ k s[~~~c~ts } c~+st~nr~ isn 3 V~ri~h1~ sthe~u4s ws_c ~~r~c~ta[~ i ~n ~t SrtiF I~~ , SMss~t +~~;~L,,

r~s L~~: is> ~ ~stcatl5tt taf tk» G'.S~ 7or~is~'tV[•l?~~t i~3c9tct tcatts. [}curihiasg E.ewis`s thi r,i g;rtt~6 tl;~,,,

and Qt I,cr ~all~~:~~ said ti~a€ 4h~;atN~tem~ts arc':_f'nicl f~ ~~a- ihs~rit bc~~~se ~hvy dtm't ~a~4t t~~ t~l,;c.the +'!n~~, ~• ~hc}' ~tiill r1~1st nnA't3Ein~ ldrs, [rtiviti c~iic~snt t l! z~~cm when sf~~ i. ~l m~i~9~; ~t~~~ekloiit~ap~cial..,~, cl<<<.E~ ha+t Rsi Lw tiprri &w'~rs .~ik jtts[ in ctiu” (~. J~Ia~osoo, 2~~. ~,. ~~). If~tE~~ rci~a~:'~~c~-ha~iat ~41sciEule I+ ~,r.{duatl}~ ~hang~c[, cmcil ec 1v~r~t~ scry "tcan` -=~sa~in3ng tfiae nin~it{~xattiitwxiu~ ~ulv aFser titaat}* rc~Ewn~x. ter atirr a ~na~F time i~tarn:il~—clicas ~+c~upl~.an learn :+y ~~~i~k fc~rc:~tr~tdic~d }xritr~l..t~rlsaui arty rcirt#nrccmen~ ;dt a1L ju:,s tis7ich ~n~l~lers~iz~=inglr~t mac[ei~i~ tt~.+_eLlirl~4° ~xnvcifid a I~a~a rtia2~i rctmca~c stlaa~Eult 4an tom..

Reinti~rr~~cnK 3,-~»tuit, inl7ta~n~~ hntiu ~xrsis~cntl} ~~~ ~`~~ill eisp~nd Ss~hen rcinP'umcrse~rt i5~ti4chlse3J.lY+hac ba~r}}c~as ~vhcn rcan~orccs~uni u eompicmlti• tivitficlrati~~n;'

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.%~t7`~i ~filtTll t~ ii~Y["~sr t7+t(~ t~.7l~,e.'f~i~t

TA€3t f -.1 ~ five ~teinf~ecem~nt S~li~dutes

Page 11 of 34

_. __ ____ _._ _ ---_ -m_--.~ - -_ - - _ -rS.'' Y

p~ o _ b c ~ - 19 a

~ontinueus Re;nforcemont alter ivr-ry T.uming oa the :e!evisi~n Rapid I~arn'eg c{ res~on.e Very liiili p~~rsisSence;r~.F.nse L~~y;:Fg o~?s f~mn a rc ~w.rx ~i~Fpcars

v17n ;piny] fr1,~C:liinri t~~icc~:iy

~Fi.ed~intervai ~~i~~;ntprcMri_»t:3(tcr ,l ;<~t ~Stu'Syima d: v.~~rr•kly cjuii. ftR-;pen.i; role incraa:q.; 11t1!i+~iui 57i leis; r',: ;pot~•Li

prricd o! time apf~roarj;trs as limy for roin(orcemnnt dl~ppearsga~ck~y,tiSia_o

~ D~slnvash~ ny cyci~- approacF~es; ?!ren drops t~rre tai ee~~lvrcemer~t~f~i ft. ~'4 Ll':il].pft4'r 1 :1{1L'~tl~injC.f Sl-ntl; its ~ld St!'.~;jlt Si Yt4 ri'~n.1Pt~cr

e~eci'(c t~:ne Fe:Sod~ ap~~.ass

1 y~~[73~,'~-l-I~t3i'n'il~ (.qY~n Fi7lrg(rldFll ~f[Rf J~'y~[l~ ~O(] ~lf LL n ~~(?'i+~ f d~j ~c (fj v~~ ~ _dlff ̀jF 5~ SR~f~ S~Gi!

19 t1-~:hS fiS U~iE ~B?t fi j (y«t ~t-~ df1510 C-7 31Ye1 I~SFOf1 u-M_}; 4e~f lil'.'•P C~~If7 ~71~1 ( SFOfI,e rd tC

~ v.u'~abfe iie~a ~n+:t1~) pause• nfac~+ ralnt~r~o~r,ortt~.i~~{~-i;~ (4'J'W h~B IimnS

LtL•Trrt7 LAP SfY~.U:l~ d (1EV!

i Fi ~A~raa~o ~ Runforc4rn~at aff~~r ~ iei Tc~cr~~nrkcter get: a Fwrius fizip~d res~itiv~ rat.. };ruse ~tf1e p~r~i~ten,o; ra~x~number r,f res~.~ns~~ ~ ,ficr a;ery ltxi rri.~iit card, after reinfo~r,~ mcnt dre~ in m>pc~se rite

err fled u*~en amt d nomb?r of

.,r ,. ~ a

~~,v ri@t}?n.flii9 ~ fl nt4 rCtNn U'~t ~f1nr ~ S~~i. m-frftin~5c Very }'lt~n tL s~nn-~: [7 rnata c(~ .~ 3;t9tIC4;

a at} ng rumFa.; cf rates; IitYe pair<e a`ter re~~^.sF rata sta}s h~~t~re.~u.es ~ riinioreenic,it I and granueily drop<_ uff

H('.~~> >o' l.,r~nr~ , n is ~~ ~ ~t; ~'t~.~ •'• ta.;it P, e~, t.. i~4~f.: r~~ti~l,^.~i I.ansrn. - , i,-3 R f ̀ ' Yc; ~.r:~~r_ Asti' ~'e~~'-. a. hfrtrit ~. b. i_..; S1tr.- :r~;~. Fi,- r,!Oa ..r.:i .-.. .: .:Gary: i7lt~r-d 1. Flia~ ~:?d~, (- S,~i~-e ~~r.~d 3ur,~Jl:nr r i ,~.~,,•~lvd~~wr,c~.+zrâr-ri+:ef~z:i~:'. ~<

~X'fINCT#Ufa, In e~,isi~.~l-c~~ar~ii~ic~iaan~;. thr. ~'~R fs t`gtio~,n~is~Gccl i~liE:~}sear) +v~t~rr tjt~'f,~:

aE,pcar~, but the US cl~~c, ~~u: fra)tow {.auitd~ biu nu i'cwdl, In o~s~ranr c,asdida~ning, a ~r¢r~t~n or ~nanimal h~311 noc ~*cr~ifr Cn :r c~rc:,in g+rha4•i~r if titi usual reinforcer is withht~Icl Inng cnnugh.'1'heEsch~~•ior u-ill c+•cnttt~v(l~' ~ .~xtiat~;~islscd fuop}: t~dr sample, it`r~u t~pcacc~iJ}' t-~~~il a pn~t~~sarbuc n.~~~r g« a rcpl~•, y'u~i .map ~i~r cep.-Remativl of reini'ar4cment aEt~~~thsr Is~ds to gkttnFiic~n,'i7~e pracc~ss may ca3;v a while, h~;si4~cc, t ti'~u l;nrnti~ iE~•oaM base m~Yf td cxcinGuis}~ a child'stantrur~is h;° tiritfihaQding yrur afcenn~+n..C~ti~2n ~6r child ~uCos—}zit;9ust you rive dip ignoringher—and iiLtcad ofcsriuetebn, ncrrnutcen~ r~intorumcnc.xcuts. ̀l'fiis. ofcnursc, nexy~ cncosrri};ec~t~rif'niort Exruc~ni ianceuisu iu t~ac tu[urr.

c~~~~.:f .,~„~ ~.~ ~ ~ rs.~~s ~r~__ Antecedents and ~iehavior Change.AntQegdun[sA~ Alf I~t c,~?eta~1R cair~lStiim9s~~. "~insc~~~~t~tt~--~tl5r cvrnes ~~rccealit~~ (~ch4v3~>~-~3rri+~Fr~c 3~tf~»m,tt[pF~UndoratArd haw xrtoccdartTs r~i aEfRct

;y1ii»~t iy~t c;it Iyc9~ax'f~jE^c will ltt~ ir7 ssiait'c iiani4 [sc~lic~ :inct i}•~S7elt sill Ic.~ci to ~ttt ~Ict t~tt ~titi ~.~Aatit;ng, $e par~itv~,iily ftmitl~r Nvth th4 ~ ~ ~aifecti~a asst of ~sro~t~t~n~ arri ~~ing, tikiis~i~rr ~+tge~„ro I~er~~~x! nr ~~cek F~~t ti~iul .vlkea~ ;i litJar ~~:ix ran. lout not ~z~ Ix~th~z u~(a~n tlwc 1i~17r

w:~5 c>fl: l~~a»rc nn tt~q~l fpllcritwsl ~~e~~,7~7~ avlrcu tltc liglta »~z srlk: In c~ci~ct utiatcC~. tisin~ I~~re~i ~;~

tcsc rEi~ ;mt~xcde,~o li~lrr ,u :~ ~~~ ~u ~ti~rin~i€~~s4 t~it~ liksly c4n~i~p~~ac~ at ~~~~c~ia~'l"Irs ~~i~,i~~a~~'~kxk(»6is;r;~'s~cscicr-st"rrii~l4rs er,~c~~,l~rri7t~rilf;~,l ~gds~ zfiu~tii~53Kut~i« ~.tii~t~Ji~r~ o~ tlt~ iFgltt, ̀TI1ishiplx~i~~ i~F Irttrttun. tnx~. far'i~:~atzrlb, l k~utrii ma~nelt'trni~r~ than t>ns~1 sil~~oit tt, tacit irrtu my ~y~dnili;~'~~ ~,,uC~ing lt~~< ~s~e~ ~`ccr tit}' ticE}artsriei~t 15~511~cr~~ r~l~t~! Sc~ ;t stt~v (~ui.IclG~~ acr~~~x t~~u~~~.t1t A clmvr;lkre.oEd I~tic~Gttar~auk~' I;~pt iqc l~t•:tzEir~~:tut~~niatirally u~ Eh~dlai ctllire..~Inhtft~rex~inl~ifc

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~.I#h~l~'7, iZ t?,~ ,~tif~ I ~ ~~

it the- s~ap~;os.Yll}'tress: stcir}-of x ~;ct:t.~:i}' s•trdt4ew r in a Lank rc~~6cr}~ a•6o s},ccl rfa~augfr e~N~n, cinlp

m be ~au~ht by~ she Fu~l1i~'~~hen shy ila~tittil[}-ss~p~cx~ aca tc~l lighr,'I'hc sti~n~dus oftht rod Ii~htIr.~a1 nimc t~s ha~•c atttant~ci4 roncnil.

~YTi itl learn t~ di-<criiuis~c~+—co rr~~i ~cuati4n~, ~\~lscn shvt~~d y+~u a=_k c~ l,~re~i~• yc~vr ream-

mat ̀s car_.—a~ìc~ cc i~za~ar t~i~n~ii eat[ or af'te~ yr~u (xatlp hiye had q ~rrat t iii ~t ~ }part}~~ The

anttcid~ni cti~ ~3~a`~hbca! priiaci~a! srandpg iq dar 3ea1! hrlka; seudca~e~ discrimin.e~r zhr FrgLrablc

eo~s~gcienea`~ m~cunniag ae at~cmA~tFn~ tee l+r,~ak ieta a lur:kcr. \~~t~ hiFen resE~n~id, s~'~ <ut3E;intc~rd-

anc.eu~s ~~riiliaut tu1t~~ realiain,~ s7~ac dte~~ are ii~lla~entirig fur EseE~,ar i~r, i~~tc ~..uh~rs can u:~r curs

~irlihrrncts'in ~hr cl.~sruam.

~FFEL(IV~ 1NSTRI~~~~3f~ O~LIV~RY. (l~~e iitrEKrrl~e4t ar~trb~vlcn4 ss~ insrc•a,4. y,~~siiivr.~iuelrrGt

r4~+~mii+s~ E~ tti~ tp'~c t>f imi#uccin[tt }~R~; ~Sirc, l~c~a~~t~ n~a s~fl~~tiv~~ snit ~c#~ ~n ~ ~ ~;iv~~ry {~3F~) }~u:;

tutEnsl 6nstnitcioaks th ae.irc concur, cirir, ~na~ spe~eefcc. ~itct tl:at cpnamunie;~tc :atx rx~xctccl nssGli arc

m4r~ ~fi'eeciv~ Thin 4~gu~ sllre.-ti~s~a. St~{~mcnis ~,~~ck lw~cyr rl~an ~iz~citm;, laic ~1~~sdd #sc N'i~hiaa ~eic~ }'ecroftlec stuc3r~hcs; dirr;cions sh+~ukecl Front across tlic~ao~as a~ Iccxlikcly tc~ 3rork. [deafly.

t~eria shvu(~i i~sal.~c r}~s contact ~virh cls~ sn~~iciSss 3irnc, antE chen givz t6s ~lircicisans (E~. S~ It+~~rtn;

`lit t~serom, t]Imi~ ~: Het(i~nnni. °41~~~,

CUEIf`~C;. A~• i~rfi~Its~[s, ~ut~ihq ih ~1r+~ acc of ~+rnviding :sn arttk-s4-dent atiimulus joss f~cfor~ a•p ~cltic ,~cl~,ir ar i5 sup~ci~~ to ttkr p(~t~e. C;~peing 6s past3eal7eiy' u3e~id in .ittiaag tl~e stake farlrhas~i«rst6acotusstit€r~~c~caki~•~ntimetautorsc.~~il>°'fiasg~ltt ~i.Iiitdnrkt~~+.~it~}~n~a~~,ie~j,[e;

tc-~~hers b~tsi~ tincl sheiax~t Eti~s ~n resting ~~chi~ ~~,r.:~Etes thtw fatt,..tsl;i~j~ att ~lcr~ts, "2St~h~ra arc

x'041 ~,Csl llg IQ RC:tCt SC9l4tRt~14F117~~ta~ , , . }y .~~1C3C fC11171kdt f3 0[Ct'tl ~c3S~ 1<Y IRBS2IIUI7; ~ atl' 4811+I.1'Y.~

i:~ ~ltetd} baa~ci~. and [Ise ti•~s~n~ ~s~:~en iv lrii shah ~,nly~ t~rcr chssici~. t~+ ~ytnn~in m`€r,- l~arsder

car 5i~ x~ii~ak, "~X~hv clisa`t }'gnu Leave art ~ alir~s~%- \rith~r tC~kr~~se is very suishin~. ~'r~:eijcing a

n~5nju~lgntancal icsc sore lazlp ~tre5~~n€ ktach ac~ative canfrnntat ~~as. ~~litn a ~tucf:,+s psrforrui=the

a~~~xo~~ria~r b4l ariz~r uties a cttc, [ft~ cea~h€c ~~~ reinC~aria the ~ctit3ctit'3 a€tcziq~grlieE~t1~€nr insae:~~

~i'~w~a'rshing Fsihdre.

PRC~MPTINC... 1niiYeGi~i4E3 x~~cfcrtt.. ~9~ec~ bte~~a learpirig to r~3i~,{4~6 sa F1 ciao ii5 a~~ ;~pt~~ti~~~€i~t~

}•d}~'u k1~4 cup L:e.u~~ee3 ~ a~iacriirife~,lti~~~ ~tiitlxilu+. ~.lut ays~n~a~h zs t~4 pn~visMc :~n i~alc$idtmal

cuc, t:ikl~d a ~Sram~t, inlltnv r~~ t1~e tirsc rue, '['ham arc h.~o dsunc`sp(ts ti t using :e C4tr ai~s6 a

~~tora~~>c sv cc:tcl, 2 new lsel~3~ior, I~irsc, nia~:e sisra ct~. environrn~i~tat stintdlas th,~t }~au ryc»t

to he nistc ,, Luc +ebsairs imm~~iac~Er hcl'orr the groaelpt ~~+u acne asin~. ~o ~tzacica~tx will I~~na

t~} sespone~ t~~ Gh~ roc ,skid not rc~y~ ~n14~ sin i}~e prc~mp~, tiecon~, fide (~ra~luall}• rsilucc or~t~l~pj she prompt a~ sa~n is po~~ible cn scudcncsdo nor ~conte s9.pcndenc an is ~AlFxrse €k

'Cruucman, 21i1~},

gym: ~•.xv to incoc~~rsci iucing and ptamprii fi is bu ~rv~vi~li~g scucicncs,E~ish a chce~:lis[

ear rcniindsr sheet. Figure ~.3 an cl e nest page ix a checklist }or the saps in ~x~r tittoYimg,

l~i'i~rking iii p3ir~ ii the fur, chc the ~:lla[ is the ~rtrjti~p~,:;'~s stttdc~ics le m ~hr prctcc~ari;s,

ehc tt.r~itrr niay stu~~ sus€ng chi clar~kiist hue maa= rr~eait~d [he ~tae3ents of the s~ePs, l~hcn no

~utiucn u~ sail },r~uspis aic necr,~~aty, chc se~aJrncs has•r Icarncc~ rci era}~un~i :a~s~ro~ari¢ecty ~a

chz cn~°irvnn ensal roc a9'tvo~~sin~ iii pain; chck~ 6~vc• lcarncci tisnv iii hrhavtTn ~a~cr-~uic~rin~

yits~acioj~s. fc.~~•c5=ce, chc ~eisl~ce sltiz~et[it ccyneFnue tt~ tttas}itgr 4h~ pr<,~:c~, ec~c~~ciizc ~Q.~e3

v+.•uek. ~ncl it>ar~=re nsi+eii:c~. 13eF~~rr,a lea-t~3zurtn~; a~si~~te, the tr~c~$~cr ~ti~hr ~,k,zudenes rn

C9s~~~ shclr,c}cs iznc~"uc ght c[~~;~#~Iis[, fv4ttsln~ un ~iehize~s. t1~s4ttttruts tis~~xk, ~he~i~achcfec~uld Ji.cecti r~s chci~ n~rrsctigns incl cr~iuimic ec, ~it~rvide rn:telsin~; ~: ~6i-~= Intjrsr~i~e chcle

~ tcr-tetc~~ri+~~, mills.\~Ir:Atti4~e«Ict tMr.;t ~rcanci~ilcti ~nak iils~ iii ~istinn% \~i~c ft~rr~ tc+ lti;~t ~sx.s.

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~V`RIfi~~J~ P:Ss~P~1Fi;~..« f~~sfi:4iT~Ji#IC~l~'s ~N~~Kl~M~7

~y usin y il7ia r_h€c~.~t, ,lud~~t~ ra rc~r r ie3a~ licvr icy, Lc~ n!(~ dv ~ r ~~n:. {~ ~tiRy ~t~ontc~ rare p,rni~ is+il, eiaq eh~kL•sE nt~y ire Icss rc~tumr.,~~p.

r~.~ ~ ie. 4 ~ ~ ~k~ t ~ ~ ~_

t,rnler~ik5~~ tc~,.. 4 H,i, r iP, _ 5,T~11k <? ;i~fy _ a: ~[s l?ii~~tUy~ =1 rig (~ -~,~ i~lt~cwr rt:.vly. stu:l~nr •.ti';~~,. i~~,~

d1151:V.7 IS f's'll

~ TL r

~s j ~ t '~

c+` py ~ _ X11 _~

- Z.5T4~~.- -~~,Tk~ti~ 7 Mod„ ~:.4na-~E -~.Fill~,al iii a ,~ t:~;Cflr~~st rt1i51a 3 ~j~k5~srrak4 tl m.:.~n qn T04 i~t~r~nly ti?ce ~i ,t; I.~n?

~' Ad4~.61 §~kSp.

~.n~r. F ~ l li ,..~i ~ F. uxpt~t~ial EKr•..?p.nr F. 3 ~ 1, . -!nr _~r -.~rl Pr~rr~,nr 1 tro-:3urt7~ p ,R~•'~. ~y ~. S,it. r R..r,ri~f .dt ~ R, Jr#~r, . 4$7~t.r.7 n .•, Pry ~,,, ~'7 ~ c ;~i~i ej nth ~:~~z<~r-tia~r tf ~'ffCi, F d, (zc ~- t~ t ry ,~~r ,,. ,.z,c~~.fih_avit,,-.n_i '~. ~. r i. ~i~.n ~ t,,:~ :~Fl~. :l;,.~~lf i...~J~.~~~8e~~avin~. 4.ra;•-Cr, ~'o i9c!~

~g~,ia+ic#and Extea,d to I~RAlStEs-~r~ The li~haviaral ap~rrgach co lrarning h~a enspircd se~~crt(im~~ortanc contributions to inscr~i~-

Appped BbhaviorAnafy$€s p. C4> siun, iricludin~ s}~€icros f~~r aE~tcit4~ing [tsrnin~ iifi{ciiit~es and direct iasFro:tian ~iw~rwill Souk4'vt~ers tea~hcvs nib to ehongu nc chtsr ~o~ic~ i~c C;ha~c~r l~# u~h~n ~v~ discuss crachingl :md cl.r~s niansgcni~nc>}~ltnis tue6iri~p¢rrp~late ~r #rtafFuttitia tdassr~ozri ~~ruup cc~niet~u~nces, a~ncii~n„ency roncraEcs, and te~kcn rcongmlr. iL;tndrun~ ~`~ K;tixtfm:~n,behaviors That have not charredin r~rspvnsQ xo stan~ar~ ~havtws~ ZU4G). Thee ,i~~~rrr achrs arc ~icrJù) f~~hen the ,ro31 in to loam ixE~licit intÙrm~eion nr di:~ngctachniqua4 (e-g•. ̀e~ponsc~ cos~1,, that' E~ehaaio~s and vrli n chr niicerlal is s quc~ic%ai a~~~l E;tct€inL Applied hehatiar analysis it clsrofeen urroglaybppiied b~#ravia ar~alyais. ;i~~ES~icsti~in ,;t~ hsE~ivi+?r,i) l~aenfn~ E~~lnci~i{e, is ch:in£;c bcl~:tti~tur 1n [he;t kiisdc at x[c~:fsic~ns:~arnlliarlx+e yrwtsaltwi~h tfse stepsfn~v~lopingandlmp~sme.~id«gan 1`lie mrt3~uc~ is sama•timcs raUcd behavior m~di3(cat[an, bsu tfiis ~cmt has ne~i~uvr ic~a-~nt~+rvodl~n ~t~~~nl~tasEvaf~Jts, ~In[Ai1C}o~~ f~ri lu~i~~ ~erz~tl~ an~.is szft~illyd?~utdcrb[c~r~d (A~~crta~ s~:1~esYu[msn.2Ctl~t K1rij[tt,

2D~1. ~4p4},

IJ~-~PI~', a~~~il(Fd t*stN-~ti~R~tr ;~i,d}•sia ra~~tiirss ~I~~~t +~c~i ti~:~npn «f [10~ tx~h~,~iii r t« !~s eh'tin~~tE}tar€fud ~ctii:icutc~atra~r ~r~' tli~ (~~H;tri~iry ~i~,,dy~:~i t~f tl~a ~ns~er~lc~tt~ and r¢i~C~reet~s ~l~~t mi~;MrE+c iaaiiiiai~~i[~b iva~otrtn~~tiatr ~e ~a~~dcsietl~l~ I>sh~~~'snt; ic~ecrranidona t~a~4(n~~ ~zelt,k~•iue,C E,kyn=ri~~lcM in rlian~,c rhr 954h~i~;nri ~+~d ~,r l'~al mra~ur~iifah~ of cfil~~gs5. In c~^~4ar;h «n E~~S~~li~clfrc~~~v~nr tiii~l}-air. ~Ei AFS~til ~I~sf~~i (:l~s~rilrc:l iq (:fia~~cCP I1 is ssritturnil.'1"haS es, t~,4aY~'hri5t~~;~a I,.sxEi~c ntt:ti~u~xrnent u)'tlte~~4laa~~ii~r{r4)~ tls~~ ~yi7~l}'tt~c inten'4i~~i~~a~ CA), ehr'n sta~~ t~t~interY5nc9~i~i c~, r~~ ~f [(s~ ►yc~~lvicr ~ir~~ I~~~lt tsr rha~ haa~E[nt• [~~•rl (fl), ~n~ clirn aritatr~>siiarc d~caiite~tisnRiun {I1).



:.i ~ .r ,raj ~ c~; ,, r, ~; ,..y; i , :'#~3t7

Cfi CLis[~tP171~. f{h_4'fl~t;~ li5tkl~~Y G~ItIIBt fn~{1tiN;1~~ ~~Fi~.a~!~~.3 SiC~55~ ~~U; f~51'}'-C"~[I S~O ~q~~St~~USi•2[i~,';

0. C;t~~rl~- ~Fercif~~ d~c behas•iui to t~ elsais~«f and ehe ~~tiL I'se c?iitt~pk, [f clfr fcucl~ni

neal:rs "riri€rss" err~as iiy camp s[a~fr,n, t~ your ~c~al only une cirur fua c~s~er}~ 10 pruble~~s;2~ ~rc,trlcnu?

3_ Ca~:ef~d3y=qb~+:~,t aiE~i iauic ~~[~ c,serx~sf 9~iicE 9~ else tuh~v7ctie: t-T{,~e army ctrU~ ~e H7 ~e

~~ E~rnitlriy~s iww;1\~Ib:n c{:c~jts tc> Err the r ;c~un ~,e crt~.c ~'nt the ctmr:= etc t6cre fnn~ cry ~rx

+,ii ti~at~t'1 e~~s31-i~~N7t+~•aek2-1~~tu~s~~ti~rark~ t~c~.' ~HiSca~'~t~i}~ma~tc~~

:i. l'1t~n a sp~tE~4 €rftcivci~d~}n it~cing atit~~caclin~s. c~,n~u~ucnsif~ ~a; 1~s,jh. ('car ~a;uj~~~l~c. iF}~rr

ihs YR~~~C~~ nns ~~5~ eckt~~~fc t>t ~v~ty~wl~~r ti~~~~ d~ir 4ti~Fr~~ (4tnis~~rFf ~~)tiS~~Ic~ft~ 'avltli r~t~

tiatt~i~€c;~t~ati crer~r:

~~, hcb`~t tr:~,l: nFff~4 ~1~!)~S.;ind tl4rkCi(`y tito ~sl~ll ik h4~i'ti5,-~r!'.

p~~ c«nsicicrs~7nx,perEi~, utzchtxis Fpr,ircc~nip3i~hn~ stz~ 3—the'sncerrcnzrn,

M~~huds for E~coura~ng ~~k~~v~o~s

rt. ti+2 discuss~i3 earlier,, to Tic+~~ursgr lxhavinr ik to rrinCurce'it, l~hcr arr sereraf s~~rciiic ~4ays. tc~

enc4sire;;e cxisnn~ ~aelrsxit~r. ai u,~ch neE~° n~v~ Thew include rx~el~rr ;uceneir~n and, pr~iu~r she

E'~n;ec6: pr~nriEr4c, ahapi~g, .tuc[ ~aa~i~:itie ~ricrice.

R~1~l~~t~~it~l~ 4ì~TT~{{ T~A~1-~~[t AT7~~Jfilt~N. 1A~ny gs3~iotcgEss~ 2c9risc ~~acticn t~

"aet-cocuatc ah }~~sici~~c"—pr~ic ~Ygi~ien~ Far ~on~ ~>eC~aviar, tvfi]c igna~ng nbisEx}tat~ior S'untc,

r~-~carchcss tuEievc chic "che s~secutiatie a}+~iicaci~n +~f ~~nicc an~k actcnt'snn m~~ l~s anti most

~~uw~r~iil moti~:icisp:~ ;~e~d cCassrnant ~nas~agrmcnc tos~l ;~vail~blr to p~achets" {Al6tir t~ 1 ~c~van{;

tz)i3?, ~..~7~; Fll6er ~ t~te~t~rd, ~Ui~l~). A nlatc3 ~craci~,vis Ji~rr~rt~,~~ ~ira~r.•tiur~e, ~t i~,atoTin~

ina}~pra~mtz Neh~~i~a~; n~hi6e 6cinG3ure ~a rriniaii~ ~pgr~rpdacc Et~hs~~iors~€ icon ac aht~}~ ~i~ir.

('~ri~-.:a~aip9c, if~sm~len43s ire}ne ro ntia3:ing iraelrFantcaannicnu f"~Vh~~ Qs ch~genic chis-'I~riela?~2"~.

~~u sho~dd ignore the otE=cuk c~~aimrnc, bake recognize a tuk-rclacecl Lonuihiiu~an ;tc w~+n ;~s is

~zccurn ~l3ndrvnt ~ K:~ut~ntut, 20CIGk..'1'hi4 ~rraL;r-and-ignore aP~rciacti cin i~r h~lpfc~t.-bui 3ieii't er~ec i~ t.~ s,Eti~e a[t eJ:~s~

~uumt at:tna~~nsrnt pruh(csns: Several stucli~-~ }s~ucshoNn ~l~ac ~9iseu;rsiti•c Ex1sa~~or; pccx3e tir~fic~s

[~-,sshers use ~~s3il~c «r~iscystc»cts (~ttesely ~rs[~rl ;~~ ~hci€ erettg ~la~rr~+~€ct ~uana~rmtnes~ea;t~}'( vltt~ueti i`'_' 1~7~~1'~s~~, ~~~fil: i'fifii5ct ~ t~'Lca~S-~ t931; tiselliva~'~C' C7ì_r~c~'. i990~. puts>. [f

ast4atti~tt 1~c+~t~ i~thi~ s~tadgae~ is ~eiriltreGin~, t[r'~ ~sr~zliit~» E~th:ivfnrf, cha ar~ei+ee'6 I~iiKrelicg }l~pnn

tvctni I~rE~ mcte9r.(~5refi nv ;.1 xh4~»t~ [tik~(14~S~,i[{SHf ih its{)5~; ~i7?itiC, I~~~t- (H.xtiJlicg #~~ul;+. [~i~tna~ Ei1 ft ~t51 f pCSut

\`.'~1 C~~ [~`,ic~t~, t~ L'~lfkf tll~~ i,[fiti ~t{'#f;'[fla7-,~IC~~~~` ~ti11~~i' t{I~:iC Jtlltft'tYf~ i1.;1 ~7 [~rt[ti1 t~,'q ~~~tff [t73Fkt ~{~lis~.:

(y{rr~~~' 'Et FYI ~1[3~ bl~( ~(YaY4(S~I i1jFl~~i 5V[~~ 1t41i IYIiFti ~il~ ~)i.~r l~'FI~Y. ~~i ~~t~ 4-~~a't iit'~ ~tp{}~{; gt,~lik ~~p ~Sb

c~Enting~'ni not the! ella'~~i~5t5+~ ~ rrtbi~'nrcsJ, i'~~ 3~}eclF~- ~~s.irl,~ iht~ i~<<iw•~~~,r being reCnli,~~e~, s~n~

(3) l?F 3sriis~•yr'la (t?'Ix~ry~ 4~: ~'I~rar}t i~?7}. In c~thEt ir~in9~~. tl;c a>rai.<.,f~~uild h~ xine4x e~rsrg.h itiCsn ~~1':i t~~~j~et~ ~i~~ lac ~i.~t•i u r Sty 3ttt~enSc L~rSr~craRuti<3 :c~~.0 : h ~y di5~ [4 i~~.~ r r.~ atz c (,~ rcczs~~iFisitl.

~~C3Qh@7& W~Yts ~itn~€ f:ui rci. iect~ >prkfa~ 4~i[lt5g 4S{'{&ie viul,~tQ k~iCSP [tiSh~iti~411ti ilf n~jr~e, ~~R.~).

Ictcts Iiu wing }sr~i~r e~tii~cyi~~~~l}•. ka;~ec~ ra~5 6re~p}tr'~ ~-x~c~~sn~r r~'as~ uf' ¢~t~ ~ui~Er.t c~n~i rtki'~~t

kaa~iiEt's ~2~1~ifil +snek ,~ ich ~~a=. rats ~~ ~i tcx~~t~ts; ~ri~ ~,n~aaa~atil i,a~ ihc~ ~r~t ~~a~e ire the Guia~tl rfs

A~]rl ir~~ t?,~rrrrtP t ~,zt~lfri, ,~r~ri~:{~`siu~{ Fir~lir rl~~!~f~ri.~ t~ ~'v ^rr tlrr v~ra7~v~r,Scuttr psyclenlc~g~:n k~ati°e su~~rst~.~cl fi~a,i trarf~cr~' eFs~ uG ~r,~isc trnc~s tcs ~iwus stttdertes

it3 Eeatning ec sviu ~l~~r~;<~a! ridsr ch;~it yin €taming [tr ~c~ 4tt~~n ±akt, ['~iliapX tha ~~c ae~yic~;

i3 t r L~ aava~r ~f rite pcic€ntial dan~its i f~ sLic• orcrur€ ar miwt+c of praise- and tv ~s~vi~asc

ilil'4Yft~lil~'~1L

S~l.ECTINCi R~INF()R~~RS; 7H~ PRCMACK 1PRtNCIPLE. In mcrse cliesrontns, inani~.rrcin~arisrx ~thrc than teacher attceet4on alt rca~il}~ a+~•~ilzh~c, ssich a~ the tiMant-s tc7 talk to oeher

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(' cIE~! { }i li I Ut

5 •;~ t i~ ~ '~ i is ~-.'."~ - 'I',-_ }

ge clear ;~rtd systematic in giving prai~ai:

~t~mpl~s1, f~I~ke 4uta pn~sn is tied ~fiire~t~y cb a~ptct~iata

k~c~h~vcii,~, Mttka tc,re Sf~i~ 5k~r:~Gni «ii i~;.sarizf~ isr~ SF7+whir. ~csi«rw

r~r t~fi~air,~,G~15rn~i~f 3~~tsS is lac erg F,r ,bii~€~, ~t~y, "I ~i[~irriaxessc~t i45~t Xau r~~1dc >.ua: rv~ryor}c in yt~v+g~aujsgdt a ~l7an~929_,{yak," nd~,~"~i~:o~ Ja#~ teeing t~~sgroup:"

M~k~ pral~e "a~pr+~~l~tnr~" nit "~val~~tiv~„t~+tna#~,1972},

~x3n7f>~~,1, Pt:~ds ~~rac➢ ~~~Sey-~i~t~ ilia stur~~;e~} ~ 4{C~r~',, iseC~~i7~iiish-

ments, ai~t! actions—ca~~ec~ai;y v,feen ~ha attiyn~ h~fpotliere.

2, ~7on ~ eval~dte ths_• stucle;~t's eF~arac~er car ~at~:~31i(y—praisq the actacn, nd# ifie person:

Set siandarda far praise basutl 4r~ i,~dividu~l ~bili#igsand IirflitAtlani.~.?hif?f~is

i, Pr siur ~rcj~r~~~ ~,r ~c.ecun~iÊ~na~is~t In relate{~r3 tc> the irtt~i=visiu~f ~t~iJcnts fast ei(e~~M,

2, Focus ~Fl~r #tu~«1's att~nti~n ors hig or her. ~ver~ prQ~rez~,Itgg cn cPm f~l~i$ons tY~t~ oth~r5.

Attr~but+i the #tudant~ auc<ass to effort and a6#lity t~ thvstudoric wi11 g~ a tnnfid~nt~ that su~t~sa is prt~ssilrle again.

t. ~«n't ~rnF~ly that tl~r, st€cea~, may k a 1aj3~r3 ~n [uc-K, rixtrI1~I~~; iy~ ~eii~y trialertl,

2a Ask ~:tudvilts itt sip ~a~;~~hi~ the gv461fims Ft~uE knC4unt~~~:i,iris ii~v t},~~ s~Ia,~~f Fkr m,

Maka Frraise really reinforcing.ExamFs~e~7_ Don't attem~ni to infduna~e cfie iesi of thQ tla~s E~y sfn~ling

~i:rt corns students for prase: This tactic fiequeni~yt5~5ckFites, bacause ~tu~lants kntfvt v~h~t"s teaily going cs~,In ad~Jition, yotr risk nmf~urrassing t6~ student you ItasreCliv:tiil tU {~t~isc~.

~< ~ixi't yiv~ t~~7c')rsst:rvrr~ ~r;~~:r: Cc~ 3tU~~~+~c~ ~iac~~ly 1i}balari~~ fafEur~:,: R is sr~id~m eon~al~~5c~ ~r~d ~~Ils<~tK~~tion to thr~ s~u~l~ni's iii<ifr;lity td ~acn acnvintseca~eeiginn,.

~. i~on't arse "ca'aadsin~"—tacking a ~~rtieisrati pia a9thQ ~rrd, as (n "{'ioc>d dos on ecmploti~t~ your homs-vrork this vror~k. Y'!h~ tan's y~ci do that every vaoez?'~Ifaz~~n, 2048},

R~eognlze g~nuin~ accam~lis6m~r~#3,Ex;3nt~lec7, Retwarti the attain~rxen~ of 3~eciligd gPa4~, rist }u~i.

~74tICi~atY6i1.

4. Db not is-~var~ uninvolved students just for being quietand nat ~~sr~ptin~ tie Mass.

~_ Tie pra~sc to stu~~+nts' innpinuing comp~~ten~e nr 44 thv~~u~ of I~~F~`r ac~orn~7l~st~~rtent. day, "I na2~c~d tli~, yav:t5ub!c -.:hoc}.cd ~!I your ~rtt~4adams. Ynurstoec* raila~t'a Knurti~eful work,"

~t;~tvL'q~ ~rlrmz:t~? in~~Yrrv7'h4n i?l7tt ~Kfii'~Fh'aii#, ~C?t~ i`+1Xarr'Mlt~nacgn7r.7{

.dtrjl7~nrtR ~i~~i tr.~rJ: f~ii ydn,h)taer ~~rti~n.'

smdcnta; work ac c~napvc.rs, ar fced chc cl~s: ~n mats Et~+sti-~~er, ira~hce~ iced io +~f}cr tht~s~;op~wrzuitiri~s in a rather laaph:rzsd u-ag, Jtis~ a x~ith praise, Up making prit~ileg.~s;a~ d rcnc~rci~dincclvcuncing~nc.~n lrarningand ~osicive behavior, the tsachcr«n firtatf}' ii~ctiu~ Nadi irimingand d~~siR-c! behavior.

e~ h~-{p1u! guE~c• i~r ~lace~en~; the ntpst sBi-ccirr ninfoccrrs is the I'sain~~k ptFnti~lg; n;imcYlfi r C)a~~~f ['rem;tik ~I?~~iS). ,•lccurdin~ to the Freniz~k ~rincipl~, a liigh•Irciluenc~~ Ixh:~c~ior {a }tn-!'tr~cd,u~ivic}~) 4an Ix:in ettcctis'~ e.in8'oirrr tàrt lcssti'-P(Cy15iRiF' ~xh~'.'ic~r i1 lei,-pc~lirr~Yl acciiaiiv},Ì'ltis is s~n~ ~inxs n~terrrcl [o ,~ "(~r:im nsis cafe": ~irts, cEu cvhiE I AEant you to d~, ;and risen ynu~it~y~ day tyhst }~ou.wanS cu ~tq, E~tiia~~h ua~ ~hL~ ~feinciple in 6c~ 41:~s wtt~n she ccrl~l ehz~x Shad.rr~utd ti~~u~rk t«~c~hrr hn tl~cir t;it~il \lftr ~7tsys pru~,nm alicr th~~} quitilf ct~niFil~yed ch:• tint ~~ti-iiant~f tlti~ ~v~yrk.lr~t usi d~cir an~n.

~Fs«ncl~rtts cll'dci't l9a~e ~~ nitt~~tt wlia~ ~~~~~dcl dt4y~.~c,? ̀ Plc ~~~stitTrx i,7 chi.; yiscst~o:~ ~~ya}Y>u~.

~Ga~ m~1~y j~>~silslc tclariirrFrr~. 1'c}i ~nu~t a~u~~~ic+, r.~3ttu7g. ~5m~~(~s~;:~rutu~.d tlir nk~in, .aiu~n~, neae:~ izicac€~ ls~i~g cxenj~ rlrw~ ~.3i~mnm~Ztq ~sr rr.z~. ~ciirtn~; t~k e1,tc tK'~[:~rt~;~~ ~aai~i~ Clre ~oi~~purre,~~t:~k3~ug ti tiid~~,. ~~r.~zlu}ì+~~ ~a,n~:e arc ~rel'vrtcck ;lctiv'i~14K-. ̀ ChE 4ri-st st:'~~ ~n cl9'tc~rnlgo ~p~~rt~pYiat4reini~7tr.t~ t~~t ~~~ue at+tJrns~ n~a}•tip td c~;u~:~~ wlsai tluy:9u in aiie3t Ie~c dnau: (I,~r utn~ i~l.~~,, ~i.lutplh+'~~aEt€n<<r~~nil,c~~~~ctt~,sl:nt~~lw~~icititt! zs~tsiF ~qr "r~au~#n pt Ji~stwti~hta~rliraE.a~r~tl~~h~{j:lti k(x1if~.14~EK,It.~tni~t~ -



~: E# .['r,-l{ r ~~~: ' } .~,;il i s r t~? 1 'a'rt i~ ~f Js::i ~~~

t~..~r tltc i'rcitrack ~~rittc'sE,y~ su Cam• et~ccticc. ~~ia lo~wlrcqucn4r• iless-~~crlerres~5 bs~s:~.~it,r #Huse

li7ji~cn li~st~ In tl~~ #i~linu~ng ~1~at~gii~, n~Z~rY h,n+• the tcacHcr #n~;~~;t }~rrfc~c ~pportunity t, t~s~~

the Prcnitck pr`snci~l4s:

Star~l.~rits t~3y. nu? I?~r v~c h~vr tc~ rnv~ek can Zr~nrin~i~~~:ii~ tGac3;~~~?'t'hr aatFt.r'clai~c ~utty

ct1,t-e~., ific delay sv ~3Gv Iii t1~~ audic~ruin4 Ehis ~~j~irnin~.

7i'~tdttYr t3t~t tls~ c~thfe tl,rsr~s finished [Fie Ic`ss~~n tin sen~enc~., ycstcrr~a5: ~YT ti ;ahtai,>e EinislS~i

t«,a. Iftsk s3~7»"t ~trlslr flay lc~s~aa~ I n~ ~9rta~l }~o~ta~ ~+he6r[ ~Et~ ~trl~+,e4 e~:~~3~uz~l t~c~?i~~<1a~~-

~iudrrrtc t~rhy ~Cutit ~~~t klnisly tEt~ s~;nreac~z cat the riteC'a(t6~ ~+etiud ;usd iatl; ut~aus tlir ~=U~ .=,~~i = , ~d tc~ ̂ a~c~~ ft'

~~lay nutiv: ~neau~a~inglC?1s~4urflyang ~t~Maveara

~~trlirv,• (7k:a}'. ii`yc.~~ t~r<irrii~+; Iti r;czn~~>lcst the tG~ue~t<~ Fisef t7. B2}.Understand tho a~Rm~rdaty usos ai

[)iscus~6n, tH~ ~Ia~,-roalil ha+a sist`ni u 3 rcintnrecr kar.campletpng the IcssaS, Ac ie is~ chc €t~~s t~shniqu~sst~+mvwt~ gay. ca~~~tr

n~i~~ t+~ctl s ~rnd chc tnc rc +criuci disccissin the s3as..jusc as the discus c~ci bcu~ntt~ fa~ri~tarin , chc varia~,s r~Eassroom brlaa~viar~. K~crw the

1 E S E S Iintitaat~~ and ~,rahtcr ,s ~asaei~tacf withic~ashcr iu~ll haar m crid r[ anti insist chat thr. ~l:ux rccurn io ds~ grdmistar 1«sun. these ty~tes o(tntetrantiaris.

SHAPING. What haPpeass t~~hcn students con#inua}Ik* fa'sl to gaSn e<iiil~srccmrnt Lxi:~isx fist}`

semply cxn~c~r ~6Iòam a.skil6 in the ticxc place C:~n±isl~r these ~~r~aplest

* r1 #th:getiiv siuticna I~nfc~ ae cl~~ t~:~u3ts fl€ahr latrsT r~iuthcr~~adcs tri[_ '`\tr era~iie ioi~ uln~u,~

Lalfiif the Frt~jUlentf ;~tijs 65S~u~r I n~a~tztie~t ~ttp~k ntissakc iii ~.~~h pec~vltai_ 1 hats n~zth!"

{ ~i IOth-~F.~c~c xtuc~o~~G E~n~L~ ~r~rr cst~~y€~ c~ch z~:i~ Eur ~noidln~ t~tc 3~yf[laalB ~cr~i~ i~ ~:~~r5 class,.

'l~~ sttr~tont ~si~nuc ~as~]~ ~ l5alt ande~~,s~~ s,:i;~s.~-, c., ~~,~.

In hych aicuacians, the uucicnis :u~ n~ciisi~ar no rciiif~ricm nc Far cheirsF~sri. ticti~nsr drt rn~3

ptadoci of their ettoers is taut d eno4i~h: ;1 sat` pecd'sccivn is ehaz cue ststt3rncs 4v911 soon learn

eo dislske the class, ehc au6jetc, mill }'rrhap, the uachcr~id ~chorl in general, t7gexas~ m pnyxnc

this f~rnb!cin is the scraat-~y of>hapirig, also called su~ces~iuo apprc+~simateQnf. Sd~apin~ inxoh~ri

[einEuiiin;; (v'~~ren i~as[t id of ~~aiting For perfc~bcian.

'i'~ use shaping. ~hc ce:~chcr mast. ca6:c ahc Gaoal conxptrx lyehaviar ahc scudcaee is cx-

~~ectcd t~ ni~s~cr and Gresl: is dusvn Incc~:t nu~trErrr utsm:zEE, nz~nahc~t:l~ s~rps. C7nr appr~sth.

thlc til n~iil x the small ~itps i~ task anaCysis, originafly~ dc~'elupcd Lit (; f~. ~1lifi~r (t9f~2g

~~ IreE~ the atmrd ~rrviras Ec3irt Eursunnel. ~ti!!cc'v s5rs~trt~ i~c~i~tix with ;i ~fci~nitiun of the

ti~tn[ pe~~i~r~c}:use ect~uie4~ticni~s~lj:ri eti~ eraiacec fpr ssudease~ ~~ncst he;s(~kc io_cio at el~~ e~vc~

~fl ~~tr pec~};rarn oc unTc; ̀j I~ee~. the ~te~c t3~~te 1t[lt (r:~cl to the li~i~~l ~+i:~1 aec a~ee[flei[. Phi

~tc~tctlttrg ,imE~ly I~ts~kc ckil~x:;ipJ pin4~s~s~s d~tr~, irik~ :~~lr5~tll~ :~~~d a~1t~~arr~e~4~~s.-,srpa~l.

1C~}S- 1i18YhCiit~t.

~-4i~~?s4~SC :ni }'.t;l~lY1~1~C tl~'Kdi~:tnL1~t~R 11H \M1'~1~S~til ~l~{iCt~ :n ii~j ~VF~f9?7 ~itj~lt~gtt ~iN~k'f E)s'~.~E`c~ ct7l

rrnc~fr'~s, ~~ F~LC "IFFICfI~f ~~~+~tn~'i~ It?~~ ~elsEt~~iT~ j~:7JxCC 143t ~~rrnt i,:SCL'G{i~~,' t~iC i?s{.e tV~F 3 ~tY4~~C~ ~I,i~

~,~~~i -`~~omF aE Fite aKu~l~tn mi~P~t ~i~i[ k~1cn+ Irgw ttr ~(<, ,rest ~~~an~ etir~i~st~tse n:~c.crtlt,'T'lt4~` etri~,l~e

r~=-s11 e~p~ ill` t un grytric. iit ~V l~ti~~4~~.1 rlb4[~ ~t~~rn tit-rity :e~wn[ (~trir (rS~iE~nB ~jt~rd t111d~'~Ki~t~t is lrYtC~

h~~~~ri ~. Y~~IOSft4't ~,eotl,~~ (~} ~t~Jt~t~l[s ti]~g~i ~ti~1~~ ~~~~~+ die ~sC ~oFIY]ytlt~rt y~}~ ~i~~c~ sti~[154'i-its tau

t~anh <,t,i9ar ~ ae~I €i~,«~ t~ lin~l ~~t~a~~~~~xtias~~ fr9tn 8n+~cxs~ iii books ~u~ l~a.•edi~ici~lt}~ i~~t~R-~tir~

i~ii'i~im.~ai~~aa t~ rc.rh caai;lu~I~ox, T1Ety tnigl~t'h,~naf in l~~t~thw~ ~YaE~.~n 1i~~6r,~;~,un~m~ri~~.iid'cli{1'~i-

s~t i~ras.>~ieha~~i z~4s` ~p~iihes~c tai ta~i4ltEsu,~b_ ,~na~c~is€ ~,+rc~u}'~ e1tF iti~t,:u; ~7ii~ht b~ ~4~1~ tea saw

tm~Fluaic~et~, ~~s~ the'v rvtitte~t ~~crt~~[ati~r~~ i„ight b~ ~~~ e~,n(iE+inga~t~~r~cniar~tiral.lyst~~.~rr~t ~~i

tita S~~tls~r ca~iE~l riot i~ncicrar~l~C ~~~hit t6cv ~~ ~•~, rts~~ng ib ~~y. is~slt, ~Ftheg~aEp~tvt~+tl~l ksair-!ail~3

to fi~If1E1 e~~r as~ignmrn€. titer far iliE~et~:nr nus~ns.

A t~k :tn~is•~i~ ~i~w~ a picttiu i~f tl~e lcw,ic;il ~e~u~t~rr 4f'st~!F+~ Ir~lin~ [~i~târii the firta~ ~~+al,.

rtn axarrnen ai this ~yiti~ncr stn ~trl~~ t~ii}EiY~ molrt~ cute that <tu~E~hr. taa~•~ ttie nct«~~yikilLs

I~ef±~;c ih~y ~si~vx~ t~., cl~c rteKts~rp. tat ~cCdisiLai, +,vl~cn siudcnci l5:ier s~i(1 iccrlc}~, chc ccccf~r zxn p8n=

nnnc pmfrlrin arras, ~Sany 6e7~avinrs can E~ iin~Fmti~ec( thros~~tt ~ie~jzin~~ s ~f+:cial6y the;tei~i~i~icion

t~F:tI:iEls chat n~•ofve ~Sca~€ccncr, cn~iirince, in€rcviced atcttracti; ~~t.~mr 5~~:~t6, ~r txteni~'r prxc~icc

c~ nt~stcr. 93~~ciasc shi~in~ is ;~ cfnse-ci>n.umin~ pmc~., hn+i-c~~cr, it should mat lx mired iF su~Ycss

eu~ ls4 a[caiaiec( thraii=Js sim}~lr macEE.}sls ~u~F~ as a-etceng„

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~~~~ ~ i ~I ~ 1, ;.,~r~'s x;~.,~~, r ,~ I~,~~r;,,~.~~~t

xI• — — —____ _ __ _.

r G; ~ 1 ?f~ ''~_ ~.

~ -- - --

Maki sure yo a f~cagn?za pcsltive 6~havior 3n "ways #I~i~studanta value.~aar~ztes1. Wlt~n pr6~ent~ng class ni'.rss, stt u~i ~sii;4~e eons~c~uences

{ar iollavr~stg xuies as v,~l1 as re~aiao~e con3equence~ iof~ reakinc~ rubs:

1: Recagnizo horest admissions of mistakes 6y git~irc~ a scr-~Fsu chance; "~caus~ysr~i a~mrtk~ci ihatycu cc•~rie~3la.~ra~ ~;;r~r F~~;» a b~id~ 1'iri t~ivirj3 Yf'~ ~ ~Er~it~a t~ tvsvr~t~s it••

3. C~fi~t t~~_ „~rrd imv~r~is test ac~dtFnric v'for~s:: ~uc3~ as t xkr7tu~~~.; 1~~5v's,'[:x~'tmJ~liOns ~resrflltc~n5~:^.ti'~t9~ ortc:SiN, ~~r ~x;sicrct~it crr~ major; E~rojc:~1.~,

'When stusiQnis ~rrg tackling new niatetief ar,tryidg n4Wak~lls gfv6 pker~iy of roiitf4rtemant.~x~nr~,les1, f+,~aCl~~rld~~ctr)rndr}t{~r>~4.•Y~vtPt~n~fd_ry!~[ilr4v+3ryStu~vriks

~YtI )a~U cf7s5SY!~ll~,2, Rsinfc rce s4c.~lont~ f?r cvj~c~~ragir:q Cara, n iir,~, °~ri,nc}s

~;JlrattlrtCix)Si4r~ iS r~i(li4U14 8r~ci 3w~(w?ir3 71 ~it:S( (~t;~' hy~~en~fi c+th~i try ~rimra~9te~~c~ .III giygP~s tivhan s~~r~5~ank 3~Luav~ enough to at~emp~ a meal w~road ~'

A~#~r raw b8h~vior~ are ~aWblishad, 91vv reihfcrtemmnt~+n a~ ~~pradictabla #chas~~l~ to o~,cou~agu purslstan~o.~x~~a3rslCrS1: OCi~~! ~ur~~; s« re;vr~ rdg fit god F)3r1lc-iF~3ti6te En r_Li;g=2, Stvrt cf~;so+wiliw ~ ,J,ar:~ v,•ri~t~n axir<<crec~il t~c~~nst+cir~,

St~f~ktnLfi zlr~n't 15avti 4~ isnsamr, i~.ik ~ r~c~ef ~iia`vrcr svil~ rftl~-1~~,ics. k~~ their tr~t~91'pr tits sarnesl~r.

3. M7k~ sctrn the goad students ~~t ~;omplipt~nks Eor theirw~r;k from kimQ to 13m,z..DodG take them fa€ jranted.

Page 17 of 34

Ilse the Premaek p ~nclpte to identity ~ffeetiva ielnfa~cers..Exant~Pe~1. 5h€ate~ vr9iaC sk~.ar3enis cta ~vi1h their tua tim~i.~. N~ti:e ti~rhich students like k~ +vark 4pc~Ethar: The cha~ice

to ~~zk evith f~en~s 4s sifter a grad re~nlosc~r.

U€a ~~~ing t~s held ~atsblisFi ~~w ts~f~via~a,Fxlirrr~ilt+~1 , P~Pt ~,~ I~~~n~s=rc~~:s ~i~~ast,t ~I7~cIa ~~r~r~ t~ r~aieint3

~md~~5i~ ~t rulcy.2. At +~s~ k~ginniag ~3 slr~ yam: a~ ~xt.~r i=. e~,rar cla~~, call uu;~r

~ricrkicr~ to a ci~art paske~ on thf FMara listing a~~f iI~ nra~-terials they sh+~ul~i ha~.~ with them vrher, they ~riiR tc~ zlass.

hfa~ke sum X11 ~tu~~gtt, +~vsn #hvie who often ta~sa~a~oblams; rneeivs some pralso. priv;toges, ar othorrpward~ yr1~4n thek ~4 ggmething woll.'~X111i3~i~[~t. REvi~v~ y+uur t9a~s li,x i~ffi~3~iOri33~~1 (t7 fYiAi(t! 5i:i~ r5~~

itu€l~ni are ret4ivj~tg Imo tu~itifarcen7c;:~t:2. het ~t,ndaeds f~treinf~cc~n7ent sce that alI stud~atswilt

have a dance to be rawar~l~~.3. ~3~eck your t~iases: ~~c ~nye getting moat oppcitunit~e

fot reinfortemini 147an ~ir3s, or 4ice versa3 Ncvry a~~tstUd~nts o5 clif(~rent ~~c~s

Eetp61(s1~ a uarte#y of re➢n#orcers..~i~tr ~e~fos1: l~~ sdt~~u~nts'su~g~si ihr,•~r ~^~*r~~ ~cir~~arr~sri c~z ~lipr~s~

ftaer~ a "menu" 03 reinforcers ~*rilh "tti+cekly s~reeiaSs."2, Fal%t to otirei tel~iiers pe parents a~+aut tt~as far

rei~far~¢rs:

~~~171Y~ FRACYI~~. to ~iasitivn_ ~ractKcc, i~ud nts rrplacc on EuhaV3or i~~iih ~nochtr:7~~Cc ;tp~~u:tch is e;~~criaH~~ ;ip~+ru~irdate ie~r ile:~li~i~ ~uich acat+lrmic crec~rs, ~Crlcii snedcnai maE;ra ~7~Isial:c, c1~~~~ nn~} cureret ft ;~ wua~ :1s Exf„il7ir :~tat~ prreiie~ sltc ctzret,:r ecspc~n:c. Tlicrs~riicnrinciNCc t;m Ix:~pE~icll.cltisn aUt~3cr~ta bx~-~Ct da srcr«ns Fula, In tr~+~ of l+cLz~ fv~tnir)~ctt, thc,a~idcn~~~ti(~;tu lr~ t~y~Aeed tu_iir~~ifcs the cu~riri ;~(tcrn,ttRro assiunf tine cxaaijslek cntcricr}; else esk~ti~ niuliari~t~edi,Stc1}° ~luttli7} l~;tck~tekt Itx .~wfdgtttvl pfac~c.'I~vi prc~e~s irEntetintci L~ c~ll~ef juifl~ic~' j~nr,~rstr{3.+•rnrmirnl 1,,~~s~,~ ah.~ s~~rr~4t Iscb,~.~~uY 3h ~»tseic4cl attt~~ it F~t.~~rir.~ yl~ns~>t :ti~Scti~i3vlle {C~.-r1.C;+,Ir~ il1cnrtgu»ur}•, \1."'i~fw~. ~ 1\til,iu~-.'.Ot)il; tvlars~fra. Ftapi~, 4tuElakc, RuJ;~sE ti~arf~e~~~, k~ 11:trtlrtt~~4 itl},']ètc ,f r~itl#IFr~~; ~P/rf~'+uil ;C)prt~mf [ hx~Il~innrnRr~l r~~~srrWing ~'ntlrit~ l~lir~anpra +n~skm,Rss7~-*clitlrrcitt tiw.ijw oi~en~si~ea~ltt~ )si~xitive Ii41s~t~Itar:~

1t~rtx~hr#~ir~ d~crt t~ erns rl4iit~•tt€ ~htt ~s pert +~f.c~~sn' li~~~a,~~tr~l i~~:tn~iq~ ~ir~~raibS~,+pteill~pn~~tice tr#'~t~rrei~ 1~eloi~viur.~. C,:tiintrart~ scz Eas~~tdYr H iscltrm, ~sri~e3c'~ tl~rex ncu at:~k~; ~~crleet, f~Est~;i~E,prtctirc ltauk.a ~cri5a<<itrn~ cite krrh;it~iorx ~ss.~iticcd. M5 ~?r~4tictngt~ur.~1c brhiv't~,rs 9z ~n~?~rrt;~nt.

ContingeY~~+ Contr~~t~, To~€eri R~infbrc~merit, end Group Cunse~~tenee~4o~~tii just learn~~i :ibottt ti*a)'s to inr~acE}or;~te Fxsaici4•c reinParzeme~~r, dtr 1'rcinack princi~~e,shapin;~, artd posiciY~ ~>ra:cicr intca }~uur cltcnx~uti nian~rrncytt ~}•stem, As 5~t6cr x:tmpli5 ul'

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A 44`~~lYfNC~~~~Y ~:t5~1 ~ -~AG7 i~t~~ ~c~M# I.E:~'(~#~ l~S59~P4ivt~~~'S

floc ter~-i,rr 3nci atv=~<ri agre~ airs ~:. _ e s. ~'_~ I~r eat asi3rrrtc-n~, is73r3cing s~+a:ri iri t, ~ _•. ,;,i :~s

chart. Each Nr~c m ass ~yr~r~~~~+i i~ ~~tn~cl irr, the t3stc cif _,~mF .~ ~.; ~ >, m ~tkeJ i~ t,-aek ;i: ih~ d,.,~i.

A~"ar.~ ~~t~ ~ci~ , r~.~,~Iina i5 ~v~1h~ ~."ar~,;,~ caR~,leSkar Itn~*.fha ~s~~:f~n~ ~ ,r~~<{nc

tiralt! 8+'t~tnnr ~~l5~ri5(r`t3~r~~r~i rds.

A#iiynm++~t:sQthpl~t~~~hurrahtCr~--r~, t~;~at.51ur1.Ch et. 13 Ste. ~?ail.!~~ ~ roc:,,,.Ct.~~:t tz ~cx 5f'~:1

ty:+iFh tr~rl~~r~i.:~ci:7~ 9

R,,,if: ~.~~c:h~ n ~~~q 8hGat~: r,~ad:r;~~~~~,c~ fiUral : -esen~-!d.Y,~rtte., o~l~.ne -lilFray rear

~f'.~e4 i 0 Sn:. rlod,

~.l ~l. ~ - ...__C t':-.:{71_ ,̀ 1 ~''';'i'=•E ,.

1~t.~~ pr,-hl~ rt r,~ 4A'~stia ~eadinr~a~a;t~ e~Read r~tR dCIt.~Ft:B ~C ytUd,!~C r~~rt S~M~i~ct~~Pt S ~cZ~r;t(#eat rid t j~~3~~S~xt ~'~v ;4 re~;iI,,fi~tlf ~irct~i~;rr~ ~ ~ c 5h4at~ rea~fi~iu ,~~r~ s 55ilup pre en=s. ~~~_

j~~ ~~ ~(t j~ ~~ is ;t2 F.~

O~EDUc!

`zurcn:i-ra.r,~5x}~.eve:~@duc3ties~3~Et;-~ellaz~c:Aoh3s Àn!y_. -. .,o_~Fersonnr'r.{fiaY.,'~.?-'~`~7.kw N ~,:r.~r-~~ ter, (P aa~~j (i: :~. 1.a~}~r i'~- :San 1.t ~~c GA~ sit.=st ~. :e, YC3. ~zix ~2F. i c~:4r=:ilit.:,~

i , r,~ a ~;,y14c::,pY~^ Aae~tlf:'Z : r — t., . ,. ~ -;+thy?:9~ ki o.,"~ h,hic,r~E :~;.u~~.,; I$xc~7i.~ cu,".:a8c ~5tr --

eEF~t3s~ r(a„rrHI~oti ,n:~~n~~.-,~u+tt, ~ansictcx ~:a~fi~~n~}~ Svc~rruti~, ~akc~s ecinfan~~na, .~n~i ~eq~

sunu~yttrnc~s;

GQt~ll'7N~EHI~Y ~ONTRA~TS~ ►rt st ~~~t;~~y~3aey c~n~5tr~ct p~u~rant, the t~~~ftet alr,~ty~ ~i~j~R iEidiviettial i~xntnct Kith 4;tch suuEe~ttit~:;~i4~~r~ ~x.tttl?• t4h:~t tG~ ~tuf~aic ~~~«+t dss to yarn a

},try cu~.i~ E,ri~~i~s~;~ cer rtr,~r~{; fit wnsc pnaprsu~s, ,teulca7~s sa~~t L~liavii~rs to tic r~cin3'Ur4rcl :end

the n-scarc~5 i~~,~t r~o f3c ~.ein~cR, 't'hc a~cgati:zt n~ ~Srocr~°s its~l~° Casa be nn ecE~ica~oaoal esps~irn~r.

;as ssad~:i~ts barn co Ucs sa:~na~i~4 girals anii'a~it~c h}• tli terms aEà .~mtm{s, And. it~"~tsacir-nss

~rarti..igatc in srtting t~tr~aa(~, dec}~~~en arc mt~nrs+~anmitxed ccs ntac~iir~g cheit~ 4Lnc~;e t~ Latf~a€n,

-.~.~1~; 5~isunt:, ~Glt2; ~chiu~l;; R9c~rc. Lt P`snrith> 291ai).r1n ~ain~~rlr ~f a ca~4~tak2 tot~+~n~F~lezing ~,~i~,ani~rrrs th;~s ii;ip}~E~}~riase for incrmt~iiaic and

u~jxr-~raiEc snic~encs is g~R~scnced in Fi~urc ̀~r3: his chatc'scrvc; as a coneruc, a~~i~nusiaic shrct.apd ~ar~ress cescsnt. Inti3m~acEon aFreuc pr~Rn~r+~aii atrpp~n icuctent m~tiva[sc~r~~ tir"omeching Etke

this nii~he «~e~i held y~ru keep ira~i: at usi~nni nas acid dui ~iatcs in vrvr toll~~e cissu~.

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Pr o9urs§ t~ao r~


~~~iJ`~ P,vfTll + I.Ar:~ii1~4 .. sP+~i;? +t ,ZI'r't't..>1~~,7~*!

TC)K~N REIfYFQR~kiYl~tdT SYSTEMS=

S~~P ~ THII~~ H~vr you ~4~~r ~~e1i~i~wte~ ire a F~rn~r~sn vrh4rr, yea, garner! ~,c~inks n~c;re~l;ts that ya+, c~r~~l€t 4:~cch~r~gn fir» rn~v3rci~ ~,rA y~i, a ~nflraiF?c;~ c~#;3 tr~~u4nt flyer ct~~ly,p; yip yq~ fat pnints on yae~r cj~~'it c~rr17 C)rJ yt'.~ gt~t c~n~ irt~r Goife~ [or r~vrry 1~J caft~p~uech~~~s or ~ ire smcathia wi~eri y~4i f~U ~ ptin~h ~~rd? Cr~~P~ t~einc~ a ~: rt ~i:~carh ~, pra-greni affe:t ycsur buying Ey,~b ~7 Ffl~yf? E #tc~avl 0 pay for t~very~thing f c~~ ~iith n7y eP~dit c,~r~tto gai tie ~ioi~its ~n~ a~vr~ys try to fly an aye ai~aine for the Sarre reason. I am Patti{ipatingin a xok~n reinivtc~ment system.

(3I`s~~i, it 3~ iti$i4tds kc~ ~~n~yEcle ~,~~s~~ii•~ c~1~~+sq~tsrs~:t #;a€ ~~1f the sts~ilritias ~+~Ij~ ~Icr~~t~ shr»a;

A 3ak~m ~irii~f~a~~ari~tns sy~k+gym ~.'~u 1~et4+st,lr•a• tlat<pt~fbtrm by nitr~rvi~ig.~ll snRdenn t~~ ~•a~u t"Ac~~lEar k~t6 ais~lrmic lcaik a~u1 Ex»itirk c~:uxro~no bslraviur. ~Tl~a.s~ken3 m~tv Lw Eruintx. €heck~~ Ic~t~s~>u~hhcd iii ~ c~r~d, chi}+s. ~~I:~}~ aaaoa~cy. ~~r_~nyahing els. Hat is r.~sily idensiFccl xa tAa ~t~sdrnt's

~?~u~hrg; l'4-riudicaf]}t tIu anidr~ics esd}aii~,~€ the ti~kcns doi~}~-h;~ve; carnet{ lot ~miic slc~sirccl reiv~,~nl

{Al~rcu K ̀Cms€rman, "rill; Kie~~jin, 2t3C~1~.

~7c~},eniling on the agc of cl~c acu~lent. ohs n~~:irr1, could b~ sm~tl r ys, xcfiuu! sup},Eiw; ft~~

eimr, apcv:i~[ ilia, jala~{ ~sicive n~at~~s scnt hint, tin~c so {L~crn c~ nmsic, ar s~thrr hrivi[r~ec, ~~thcna "token rcnnom}:" ~s c6u kind of mcem is callrti, is arse estak~lishc~l, chc t~krns slrottl~t Ix ~ikcn

quc nn a fairly cancinu~c 3chttEtilz, ;rich ~E~ancc~.- t~s ~chaugr aht cul:cn5 f`4~r rr~tiani~ availatrle ~irEy

and nticn, t7ncc ~hc stisccm is firotkin~ ticetl, hns~tisr~, mkins should be disuibuc~ on an incecnti~-

tent schcdulc:ynd ~4~~ Fnr (on~,cr petic~ Uf time i*cFoTc ctt~y as exih;u5~c~l tise ec~v;ir~is.

Anotherviri asi~n is m a[le~sv scpctcncc to earn eukcns in chc cla stoom ait~[ chcrc c~ich:3n~~ th~~iI~r r~tie~ar~is :chums. ̀I'hc<c ~al;uu arc ~~qry su~rcasitrl ~t~hcn ~+~rcnt=s uc F~~iltin3; sss x~c, f~eraic, U,u:illa,;z irate ae tc~wr[ f;~en~ ii sin[ hansc Bail?~ ar tivitr a eticrb;. ̀)`ltr npct lntl~can> the ~iu~ntkr c~FEraincs

~,trnrcl in the pt~r~~3 nk ~I~ue f~4ti~cL'['he ~w'sn~s nom}' i*t' ex4h;~ngf l firr p~inuc~; iii i~l:a{,i<,n s~4cyi~-

tn~;, actc:~. toti~se4uil cn,~s, ~5e p~i~,tts; iinte ~t l~l~ ~rirz~il;. T'c~[nrs ran;~tsa hez:« <<~ a ~, l~~e LEr~rr rcr~ar~s

;u~,Iy a~ ef¢~., C,)u ~i„p gist thl,s ~e~~~,;~dgri:, asi~+,̀~~er, if }ùtt i~E~~~'~t ~ha ~hii~ r+r7 _Lt be ~,«:~,Ku~+:d Igir~xrti~Yicjii car pim3tlrcxt Cnr~}~,~ar r, ym~t~(,I~grt~~cn~n, l.ilc~c, ~ KcIIy;?f~OJ),

'fi~l;~~t ic~~~~t~recci;;r~it.ti'~seeilsetc e«astplic~,icslatn+~ ilme-cn»~tt~~+1~s~. c,cner;ily,; S1~E3'~l~r~i(rl

E~ us4Yi fn ~mf~~ thr~r -.it~~ etions~ ([) ii> »~sit[ti~r~ f~iliclsnt. ~v1s[r .~sc 4v~n~,lct~l,~ ~~niiSarfFse4ij ~nt~tFiP tyaf{:aS~t~ hire ai~i fcs~iW?e~~~.~ tt~ r~if5kr.~E,~rii~,+~~~es; {~) S~.e~ncuut;tg+~>lUr~r~it: u-~tr3~ ~ta~`~

fp»S~tiiq~lt:~~)' fti~sv~ FfY X11:i~i~;t6y~~Sf41~~ ~33U~',res.: .~nd.(3~ 19 ~~4d.~ ~i•!(~~ ~ ~ ~,tts 5~1:i1 S` nu; s~~~i nllf~il~.

Samr ~rdt~E~. nl'Ytstc~~~ux ~egrt to i~ynefit lt~int t~k~~a ~cniacy~iti4• r:~~~rc th3i~ r~th~•~i, Stu+l~~nL

~vi~h intclEttici~al c~e~~Gsitt's~. ~hif~lrrn wFr+y.fi~sa I3iE~c~ c~t`trn, xtiacle~ua u•itl~ trtic ~~+Elti~p3i~-mills,

;~nc~ ttudsnt~t v,°iih ise~G~vior ~+ra63cros :iq +~~ nt to ru3~~ural to Ahr z~ricc~~t~, eiircw t hati~te a1'tt~kc~t4d~~~i}{-..c111[ ttt. {~ ` t f

~i~~~l[s'~'i]li [!y~ ~ Si3lGl11 S4'Sk'Cili~?'Ol#~YllitEN fYF Xl]T4' C'f:t[ YE)(If tc.7C'E1~lY~` l71~S~4FJt~ ~Fltl [Rti~

s~ri~~a art ~~ht fir the a«i~l~nis, So~tszini~. ~1~~ diars~ptiunc:~?r leek „i' m~t['station indicatechic reaehiaig ~rarlicr;~ nsecl tcY 13c ch:tn~ed. ?vt:~Yln: tl~r clas. rGde. dry u~ccl~~.ar ayr :arc: e~dicrt~~l

iti~s~n}i$tt~iil~; P~claa~a ai~urinsi~ncci~in£:ar~ ~~agut: ~{tty1~ ilsc gcxt i c<,~, i~.«v ..r ~tis5lanril ar tla~

~~;1ce is t~~rmtig, It th~s~ problems ti*~€stti cti e~k« syst~atit tYpay tntpr~,ti•c tEir ~i~u;statzn t~iti~wrarity.Ewe ~hE,x~udenc+will Mill hag~~ traultil~ barn n~ ihr cic:~deiuic rn;tc~ri3l. l~ir~~n~ve,}~trur_ tcact~in~fir.~.'t7~e C~5<< pees ctc~~om~( hrrc to coktyi rcinf~rccm~nc anal csmun~c~~c}~ c~an~ract tan tsfl~€

c~n1t~ an incruducd+sn ro dsesc ~r4~Grxms. lE'1~au ~~~a~it ca stc tip ;t I ~r~r-st'ilt rc~i~ar~d y>ctsgram in}~unr cls>sruom, tF~u shoul~t )>r~b;aGl}• scek ~~a fr~fit~ira! :cdsirc. (7trcae. the sehc~rl ~s}~h~rlagisc,

~-t~tuuclar, ~r ~,rincip:e( rtn hcip.

taR~UP ~~f~1$~4~J~N~~S, h t~achcT coat l ass rciailarceuae~ t for the clans an t~t~' b~h~vic~r 4fscicWcid targ~~c ~acc~.nsfi ~e,~„'1~ j,~mattus, [:~~an, and 4(ci siati~ pn their macs until t1m odd ~f nap

eim~. t3~ca~ ~5. x~, hadê a special anack"~. f~l.~. the Mass can eara~ rfn.vds hisc~ inn the rollc.-tn~4tschacior o'c~~cr~~ostr in chi ctass, usually b}~ ad~li~rg ci.17 atucicnt`s paini to a clasi or a tram totat,

'17ir Qc~vd hnhavi~r damn is an rxania>Ic o~ this ~E,~rt*ach, ̀ leachrrc acid scudc•nts aii~siss ivhac



ri~,~tslcl mn}a~ eh4 cl:itstuottt a ~+ettrr ~,~;t~. "1'~dsr~. ilicti' i~l~titit}' bcY€.5rit~rs that get iu tl~c 1s~D' t~E'

Icariiia~g, l~;csc~J „a this cli+c~eti~i~n, cF~~e mgrs tEi~ ~1aR41c5Ei4s! and tRr~ ~la~ is cliv c4sd Rnto t~vc~ nr

tbm~ tttnts, rst3~ tide ~ stnwc~it l~r~cai{tt fSrt~ cif tsar rulc3rthXF<tuder~c'~ cctrt i+~ircp a marlt:Tho

4cini ~vi~lt tlic to ti~.ss marl:_ a~ the end of the k eri~.1 rsxti~~ss g spes9at r~..••~~d car ~~siyi[sg~ ilc~u~,rr

tc~t~s, ~icst ~~ luaeE~~ tlae t ;nit ̀ s~at~iti}~" 1~ nti~v4~9 clTacr to tlac ̀ 'ma,e~c," uh~4 ~i ~n'P, It'~Il t~aens

earn t n•Er khan a pret~scal~tished ~aun3~cr 4i1ùsar{:s, all receive c~i~ m4slrc~. tioaneiimc. a clan nchds

a ̀ nU tattling" rulr sa th~~ tdams dsrdt s~nii ali sh~ir tide p~intirt~; Gaut inch e~s~cr* rniscakcs.

~~ose sc~u~iica iadicaic Mac t~tYn thiou~,h chc_~uEis ~eneeat~ ~,~otw small imprc~~rnar~iss to ac:~dr~iaic

ac~si~rrmeni, ie iin ~rodiA~e drfinicc impr~~riit~nr. in the Esefias•ic~a: 3's~tcYl i~4 cic~ ~;a~;d l~ft~~~ofi

ru{cs, anc7 is c;~n prcvYnt ~~t~n4~ U€Irayiar ~src~UE+ì4is ~]:m6rt~. ~tttl~; 7'in~;i,rs~m~ Sterling-`lurnsYr i

~'t~ileryn:kir~~7(K+t.

1~'liutl~a~7prns i('~y~r,add incen~rud~~ns slaar c;rrec cscadcn~ec;~cl~irentznc c~i chc pr~A•cn ~wH~~r

ri ch'e ~+a~7d 6~I~a~iot ~.~iise? t~~iliirner 13rie~i9~ati~ in~t her ~~sll~,t~;tj~+ ili~i ju.~c ih~c Cl3rai~has~.

lnucd;t~ ~idtars~. ${ [:~ajago. ~Ot))), ̀I`l~~-~ t~,~l(~~uect C,78 nin~cl}` f1f'ricaci 11ni~di,~n atuelcuts'f`nm

utfr:in iirsc-~r,~ct c97~sc~ through chci€ ht~h sch~ctl y~rirc. In first ~ri~l~ sht.;r stcis3~ncs p:nrct~~iEr~tcvl

in .icfic~ ,i em3rr~I ~r~ey> tsr Inc c}F nva sEmiE~~ pr4}gran~s: (a) ~ e}:~ssraoni-~~ntei~~tl i~ecn•<~t ojs

cliai c~,ry5hin+,Kt ~1es ~;~utt k~+;h~;a~ic~r Mme Svith't~n enbanied ;ic;yc~c~rtic i-uirie~luir~ (eFarcE-.tlppc(c~

j~~urnal tiv~i~tn~, ftti~3er's °t'liritrr, ceiri~il c1sFn{[inn~ skills; Mi:nosst nj:~cEc. sni~tl-gcbi~{a .i~c[wi~ira,

ifs.? err i~a ~ fsr 77t~•.rt~iicc~cct tnce~i~q«tinn ~ls;tt ~}zansr~S~ct p~tun~;~v~I.s~~n+Ene i~~ ~~~nc h:~c(ing;crlJ

mach aceivt~ies:u7c~ fral~tre[ ~rii,~~es tCec~EuE~ Esccrr~e ~fiild ~ijana~~cenc srni[~~~es.;iiusE~cus tivlsc3 Err-

[ic~~ aE4~ of the ~I.tss~c~brti i~ic~+~'nai«n ~tsui ci~nEf,is~Gzf the g+~sd lselttvi~P gun~fi.~islr u~ mh ro94~c3.

~i:t~ie~isic Eere~Eti~lx~e—Si iii F1~+c ~i~l~t~ 3:ad ~~ig(i~ ~ s[~ar~-, ~En sean~ai.~i,r-c3 a~it[c~~ntetj[ t.~a~± in ~,~.~d~

t~~ ei~iu~~ ~fcre.~ts~ ti~t.y+E4~ia~ cd4s:~u~~<< K~~-,~iec~~ 1eij~6cr r.~~~ of F~i~,h i~eh[H~l ~~actu:ttiaas~ uciri

hl~h4~ sat~;i~f ci~!lc~~ btt~c~d;tar~ 13. ~:~rs Ia~e~: Tis~ ~.zerr~t inwrs(c~e»E~zt pf.~~~.~~~t h.sci ~,~~~tis~el,sc~

11as4x`t~ni1'~C:SF~t €C~cCtc K~q :~~~ t~r4'SSt mc.e+~i~~~:n;t~.t ,4ni,7~~ ~k~~17f~ian~ cllcu utt t~dc~Iq~St~C.S~Y~e~~'

Sl7 G17~Y 4gY(~tip`4M[if 311 ~i4`~~t115~ %ci64~~t1 i3.~Cd{p ~i<t~(iili`g 11rjlaYinn. ie[~~ ~._~l{C[11FF >{[F~~t ~itP lllit~i~

t3i~la~it~~ ~iis i'~rc ect ~c~rn~.

}S~u a~.n ;~I.Fe~ std group e~ns~~au+,neva w'sthnu+t cti~•iilicE~; ttsc cFan; i~ssC+ tr.:~m•; M1~at ic, yoga scat

ll3~Yt' tCltf~CttC~115C114 US1 [t1k~ ~C~t]i•~OC CI} t~]¢ WEi~}C{: 41~}S, ~~)tYCt'bt: C~U[IU[y 3~g tiC-S'(~4'i~ i]?'Id1~' ~fi14A~1

ak*~,machc:G-..—thc x•ht~1c ~~osi}j s~s~ult~ tisx t~s~cr fir ohs ru4~l~c~~aF~iof car niiatakes nFanc incLi~~id~~1

it chi ~e~u~~ 1F~s n~ rr11 inl~siencc ~r~er that ~x~son. t otscc~ ~w is cncirc c1;G:~ brc~k itim c6zres

n h. n chc t achcrann~u~ncc6 chat Inc lrot ticu.trenstarring to anotherscliool,"Che chant "\'a~ naor4

point>' Nn ntucc ~aiass;" 811cc3 th~t~~nt~t,'l'hc "~i~~ss" rc~irsrd to chi sc,~cltcr's s}~st~ne ofgivin£ rte.

},Dine t. ~ cht ~ti`hnlc clams e~cfi time a~t~ane br~~;c a ntle, Liti~n• paiuc mranc 5 minuc~s of nisi Itrsc

°1 he 6o}- cvhn tF~s cria~st`crrin~ had been res~nies blr Far chi loss aEmans rcazs ~i rr cx~c. lie Rtas nac

v~cp~ f i~Jar ra lain w~hh, and chc ~,oinc saTs[cai. the~t~h ~uitc ef~t~etitir is mmincainin~ flre~er, h~ta

mac~r chr biro}• :u~ oucea~t in his awn cl~,.+.

P~~r pressure' ~n the lona8 0~ su}~port uacf, r~eour:~rmc~u; I~uwcry~er, can br" a pu33ci4~

iniiu nci, Cir~,u~ c~n~uen~~s are rKcurom~n~~~€ when snt~trctr~. ~irc alwut chc appnr~:il of dr~ir

~ccc; (3'ix~~clorc, I3ra~~~ ~r)a[c.-fit ~cncun, ~Ugta. if die misbehis~ior bFsctcra[ su~cien~s scxn~5 to

i~c rriioura~ztl }sy Elie accenci~n drncE ]aog~t~t~,~ of ~ctct~>~ifde~its,. fheti ~,r~~u~a zsin._ct~~tnc~ equld

1~ hclpl~i3F,1`+.~aeherz n>>~Iti shnn- sttt~Eci~c. ijsiu~ [a hT}'~ ~uF~~rnet a~td c~rrisinc~ dti°c l~i'cvitr~c~;tn clus-

n~ai~, 1t'a'd'eti5~ sc,~.lrn: ,c~cn [sr en~,5~ c1E~;yru;i»y, al~c ~~,cci», ihc~rwdcn~s eii~}~ ~arcr3 acpdrrire

;~rrm~is~~~sts shah ;~7 pit[;i~3h ak) Si3~ s~€~c~i~,.r~ tc~,t~hec iu slrrir ~,titi~tt'~,trni~a,

'1'1sr n~'se s~t3~yc~ ~lc~eitsc~ t~~~p ~,:i~,rE,l~~ thii ,R~<«,h~il?' ~PEjl3~`~I ~Yc11~«~i4trn6 ~rtic~~i~stt~ is

lir~+fioti'~ (sv3e~x~[,~~ ~~f ~atui~nts ti3d~ ;i~e~ia~ iic~~iy.

~Iandiing tn~ie~3t~b~~ H~h~v~or

inn matter hmv ~nt~c~stul }~iu aa+ at aeccneuating the ~~~icn~r, hem are times inc~n pnu musrec~~:

Sti th ureticsiraGd~ ~C4arior; either hceausc ~thcr mc~lisrsi~ f:~t is kxiae~e, ehc btl~av ~r icsclt is dva~,er-

on3 aid ~atl~ #ar di~~Ya actii5n, Fbrihi~ ~urp.~~, n~-~ati~~r r~ nl'oren3~t~t. rc~,riire~nds, ~t3~ons~i~at,

anei serial iwt sEi~-~i~ atl ofl~r ~~sxi~hlm;svhRions,



~~~/'~~ Phk~ll i ~ _ . `~s.~ P~l,~ _~ .~I~,'~~r~~P~d

NEUÀTiV~ ~~3NF~R~~(v~J~NT, Rcc-~lE t6,~ I~zsit priitci~314 ~;€' 9ti:g.~i~q teirtk~i's+~incnti !i' aan

stti+~rY SIn}a~ afr nvdà~l~ ;cc~i~f~~tlaiii~ w~p!c.~ ,~y, thci5 ih~%t acfi~n i3 ~6kcly~ io ~iuc a~aii5 in sioiii~csivaadiom'. Ncgati~•c teinfot~cnirnt +~7< np*:.niing in C~liza6.-IN1 clx~,n~oia~, t~('hris c}scs• tncx~nn~ aiir~

cnm~lainet{, hcrstad~nis e~ 3~ t4ae crst> ~ tx~,at~4r rcSnl~tn~ nat~rt kTmbal~l}' ioerca~d the frtqucE~~y.~s} comp~ainio~ in cEi~ fi~turr:

\~^racitr n ~ti rerntcnt can ~s.7 1~ ~c~~i tt~ ~~nl~u~es (t aming. 1~i ~~ thi<, ~~uu pl~er studcatK innuC~` (}' us~~ils imt-atuat9oiu xt, ths}~ cau "~~,:t~e" cvfic n ckirirla~~aaiat im~,nn~.. C~;n~±der deti~:.~tnt~,~;

7c+r;txr tn~e fl~irrl t~ulr rt~u~ "1V7~cn chi suppJiis arc pu E*ack iri ch'e cahirGc~aiid ~actt aFr;~~is sitting t~uietl~•, 3st es~ill ~a auc tdr. 13mi1 th~n.ise ~i~ill mis~'~ur rrc~~.'

Hills trh~xrl tn~rrlirr er a ~in~i^ni ii~Lro r.•1~'nn~~ fntisJ,~tt iii-dnss rr3ligunrr~~tt~'i~ls wan as sou can-pf~c~ cha ~~ignmcni. }'~« ntas jpin th zlus in [h~ au3icorium, l~uc unail }•r3u tinisl~, }•vumuse ~tivrF in rhr scud~~ hair"

Auratrin Cl~~x~rr~u in td~,jiGu Ta#:c ht Lr~d: \~'17r~;infi ttìch agrouE~ of cocalty uncvupw~aiivshigh ~ch~u}f s~ttdcac,, [iin~cr~~ tatasic the uucfin[d svidy n~stsie chcs~ hacc. s~nly nimin~ its~(C~~~hen dry entire clus U lieud ttp:5sjd r~ydt= co pr~ticc their hal{r~~ii Banc tnt}i~~5.

.A,:tj~;illi~.~ trier bct~~icrrisi iE1f~1u ~~hjcst ae~ hicntityin~ th~x aiul,uiuns:y'~tanrPla~ ~fnc~g;;ai~~ rein-d'brccnscnt hcYa~~c cad ~utrck~ s~ue[cnt a1~inl:itr~:uiet timlcnr~cndin~, are rih~id~cd [o m~~kc Ilse ~t~~,n[iti~rttir~fcse~en ~+v7ek.'lia itkrs t~it3tu~. Sta:it scullents lik+r (ah myicn;tla, :~u6jt~:ciii~ ~Is~m to l~uc! nuu~'* ofrnla3 ac~a3r~~nmc~s~a im~~l ~~)ey ~ii~ a rlbhi ansri-rr ~3ut [t•.etiterc ia~r rn~k~ sure tli,ic ~tnplr;7c~~t sltu<aFt~Sh; inS~Y~i~t•c r~h~~ st~tc~ens l~::ls;~~~snr Ig~~xuv~~_

Yp~e rri~y tvun+34r ~+~Itiy th~+~ n;g:~eiR~c rchifuce4~iie~k e~.amj!l+~s a,~ i7nc «r~isl~~tn3 ~jt4n~,larnecit.~4tlt~~'i tiLi~'tlY~ jil F~~7415~; .Jyiq%~ 11f1( ~l~{:i1111E'1.111Y'I[7~ (~'u,' 4~~# LYr~ 3~i4S~~ ~fil~;P:~[Ii, i1Y ~Y41t}~34(~1#L4'lct{

u: ~nu3iC 1'~~tc ha[e c; ]siinisitin~;. Rur the li~<<u ~:4 ~kEirc~.+4 is rni strt~~gihrhla7~; a(jrCiilo lkli~4li~rs

(t,~ttsiriK;n~~y ~uppli~+, l~nicliino iq-kl;,~. ~1~Ib~ti~u4uk.. I,i~ing u~} aaycl ua,E~r,~~ih~N~itl~, tI~4 tetnc~t},

'T7n~ #.:ssl~~r _±rren~)svr~a f.rlolbr~.~M tl« tKE~ti'ior: i„~ r~nt~>v~n~;s,~s~ctlti~n~:t~~r~in= ~,t ~twir .~f 11i~~~~:lac~l I~Iz,titidnr< ur„~ut. f~t~-;~u=e the cnnsa„c)a~i~~F4 irY4r~lsi~a r4~a~G~sing tvr "'s~ilsi~~c~[in~;" co xtii~~ulu~.t1~6 rt~igl~it~rn5crtf is ~e~;a~ivc.

rc~ati~~s minfi,r~~mcixt.~Ist~~Sti•~ystui~~in~.~c~~~i~s4 t~~4~arsi~urnsn9.11i~in~;gcti.~<urlerar~i~g rsEutiZ.~vu ~n[C air unpa4.~a.~iit situetroo~, jtiuf in +~i.¢h ct~e. t~~c ~tl~t~rn~s r~t~ia cntttra~, l~i~ ;4+~n

.~z tht7~ }}reform thr a~~pro~,riacc b4hati•ior.tfit un~~lici~utt situatii,~~ cards. In ceittnsc, }gun s{tmcnr

ti~ccun'af`t~r the Fact, aiticl a scutlene Eannots~ rui(y o~nlrol !~r r€nxu~;at 6c.

`Their arc artcrsl rotes to€ nc-~titir reinfon-rmciit; C?c.~-criEx chr c~~~in~i claangc in :i p~sic ~~c

Fiav L~ntblali:,llakesurr~~oucaiienf'vnx}•our ~mplci~tmaiauacion,f41la4vthrnt~hdc~s~ittc~m-

~ilaincs: Inxiet c+n action, nac proniis~c. lfàhe un~le~sAnc sinLacion terminacca ii~h~n snic3~i~ts }i~oi~i-

isc ~o be Ixcccr nrfcc nme. p~oa ha.r reinfcrnc+J nuking piUniisc<, noe m;il;in~ changes ~iOIL~«~ tt

7iau~n~air. 21112; t)'{Rant l'J'~5),

~~P21hliAN~?5. to chi h++~.•i}oar jatrwrr~rl, m~ aL~u~hc~a~ ~lemrfic~iy' xho~l ~ciuip~E~iri [ i~.ud lilac

fnllnwi~g line in a srory cill~~ "Sti'hi• 3 like tia h,rial," u~riucn hj' a ►i~itn.h ~rad{~r: ̀ ! al:a ltkr msi :lch4r. She h~l}rs n5c ~~}c~~~xt3ri~i and 9~;ttn: S1s4 is ntti ~o c~<<ryrn¢. C llke it +i~heii s7~c ~;cia m;ui ;is

u,ni<b~dv:l~u[, shr ~icr~i~'c gql~ ac them iii Crn~rt aFth zla~,~ btir sp~akc t.: chcns ptiwatGlj:"

5t~iS, calm, ftri}•Ati ~epriiin~nds ~irr tiiurc ~iTc~ttvc d~nrr.lciuc], public iGpeGusni~s 3i~ dc-

crcrs[tt~ ~igrc~Nth~c F~~tati~3r)e 11,4gdr~irit ~t t~aull~ivra~, ZQElfi}. I~~,~e~e~i~ h;r; khoivn tb~E v.~h~~i

reprimands nc~ lue~d ~«uu~h Eè r ~hc ~utire el~s.~ u~ la~.~r, dlsra~pti~eiys in4~tees~ ese cc~~isl~yu~ ~1:t-Cw~i43tlq ~CS'C~. 5i~7iY~ gt~t~c~liS.iiljd~' f)U~s~~C rCCYs~tta Siu7Y Ic~r.E71.{;~~C~e:N~t~t'F lid i~}c~•,s~c.1~i u•~~51

~1:t3}n~:tt~ ta.~t+; ti~~nf "Ivsfi' t~~ t6a tc;S~~Cc If r1~uy ire ~~ut us~c~ tU~a ol`t~n; ~n~ E~c1s~c claa~ctxxtt:s Ft~n~r:_~lly t ~~ncpsix~, Svara~~ ~nviruata~ciis, tht~t ~t,~cluntS sui~u[I~ rscjam~ll gyishly t~s Eeriv:St~ti~~+~ihtanals iJ. 5. laEalan, l 9')1).

R~SP~J~S€ CQ57; Thr r~anc~c ~,d' ~n~ponst~ so~i i~'(zmi[i~~ +i~ ;;tipr~ur ~v6s, 1~:~~ crcr l~aiil,a9i~ce.1^s~r r-~rean~ inlfTc~ions,vl the ails; prc+ple mu« (use rxsm~~ rri nfs:ner—rntnc}•, c's_n~e, ~arivils~stJ, 3~ 1Vàlkcr. S1kwa, u~ l3~uer, LflU4l, (u a r],i s, rho i~sn.upt ut r<~,Eem,~ e~;sF can ice :s~i~tli~tl i#~ :i

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num~uso9'}sac-~ThtEic+clintsa~taa~~itt~ ~.tt[5~s~L1s;tf~ctcac8~cs~,iti~x~rarnit~~;,`17a~~ccY~riai

time, t~~~ t~+~hir ~tt~:~a mark E}csitlr the ~cu~lkot+ na~~t~ ire the ~iu+~e. EH~C:;'1"lar::tu~FcsEt I~sss

3 n~iruitc of itres~, fat each mirk acciaa~tuCaict{. 1'~it older stoticnts: a raatai~a niant9au~ of marks

n~ighi mraia (tx<in~ €hc ~n+~~ilusti ~f ~~~rrki€~ aes a gic~~p aya u~i~~ tlic a~~uptnerE,

~Ot,lAL lS~LATIC?f3. C;?nv «f tl+~ sEi,~st Cun4r:w~r>,{;iI ~~,~hxv7irr~l t~i~~l}~xl fir cic~rc~?~irt~

1»rdctirdl,~c l~*hrivi~7t i. tf~ia ~tntc~;y iei'~a~ia! i~a~atlmr,zrPseae s~ifc~1 tFn~~ r,~t le~it~ rcia~~cttr,~iu4rit..

-Ilre ~rri~;ass it~5~+ily~ reiui~vi~s~ a hiZYsty E1is~:E~ti~~~ ,~u~I~ati fn~n3 [he ~1e~,~c,~inj fi,~ 5 t« tQ ~+tS~u~~s_

TFi~ xut~k~ar i1 ~slrcxl !u :an cisaEn~S baatiu9ccating r~~~~na along-~tl» ~>aatts~irrmt is (,rice i+trl_itlr~ast?tfi~l:z~tkikr~ ~t~u~r1~~, ~1 ~ei~i ta5 t1sE~ ErXi~t~i~s~l~ t~t~4c~• ~~~ •~rs4ii~E~~tcitt 1u a ~ItaSt' 9n xla~ ~t~ieu;r a!èt~

gcri~i;~l ~ 1,~.~ri3nies ~Eoks n~~ t~,•~ Gh~, ,~me ~I~`~r~ u• spa€i~~g ~~t~~n~ psi SRS c,«p~v r x~n~. 6~i~ 1~t,.ir~,

~i ~ tsnet t~ictscti~~s siF~e+ ~G~t It~1~5,.fES~~c«~'~ t~ sts~~tioae~'c~[oi5~ €ay ~ Iz3~s~4~ ~I~~~eisn~, Ai~i~ F'.~ulias

X201}~}.xliuhtt~te~~lael~~ia~~tFaChcr~an~4p:tr~~tt~stivgr~sEyasiti~~2~yw~thEhilifrrrt~~r [-s:~~f~s.sayi,

"1~~'i~t a~ ~iti~ifg ltyn~t ~e~{3 ~~r~n~sr ta~d~~c~uts~ It n~:•~~~i< r <s~~r Str~rt~ i.~91I~~~.'Clse~e~s..e~ i~ Eit~r t~,

c3sa~.vr~-~-juss ~1~e i,~s~ios i~ iii l'aCt, If Y<Sii xrc ~ ~•in~ nw;e ;,nd 7nrsgct tirtu-~x~us, tlsi> ~i~oul<E te[t j~ce~

sh.~c }'~~u nrc~ to ~!a nu~rc m }wkici~~~-~Y~ ~rin~rc€ ~oi~ ixF~aF it~n r~s izplar~ ~hr wt~~~~ntsal belkauinra"

t{?. 1X11—goacE:r{wiref~rranyf an'u~{aui~Eftini~at~

5{StvtE ~AUTIC)N5 A8~7d1T F'tINI~HM~NT~ Cd~nactt~l~Et e1~g -peg 33tatc ~~cti~~cs" cl5~mt

I rls.~xibes( ters~#~~~;~,teEt s~~~~"yitF~scca: '('h~~ tcaeh~r ~~ti~allx• tv:~,~ t~~i»g a y~uaisl#ms~~e•

[,:~scd ~~~si~~itti~rrr,~~~tr,i p~ErrFrltm~rtt su ~i~ ca~scx. 1'sa~ ~v~t~ r~~i~-btea9~iitg }+cent. s1eG r~~xse tin+!'~ „~~~uu c~ cat c~~~Cs ~rnoc~l.'t'he~y3eei~7 !~.~ to Rjcctib~a tef`thr ai~i~z €t~1e Ert~~Ce~. t]n~stttaatatwly

~iu~u~lttn€stt scs~na ec* ~x a very ccmtrnnii part vI` parenting ar~cl scl~onfin~;. l.sag ray{fort+nrettly

taea~~usi ~sssd}° :flier scud}~ ahaH~s~ dirt E~~uti hmsi~t lay ics€1!::~e u~ua!!y ~r;~~cicsci Srs I~~iut~.s end

~.hc~r~ls, juse ~ia~~n`t ~titisk It cclt~ c.~Eil~r4~t +4f7:~e to ~xo~i t(cnn~ (n~'trii. tUt~~ k:fr y chat ulie~~i~•~.

Lust iz rl~~ ~4~q ~cxrh thcni ~4~h~t t~ ~~ iQstea~! t~:~xsifn, ~{JU:S>, l\~'1ic~a~vsr viau Asa ider ilte is A

of }~fmixl~mcn[; ~•~u ~hc~ul~ aa~al;~ iv E~arc.c~t°a nvn•prc~n~rc~ ast,~~k, The fir+t g~n~9 9s su 4srry u4tc

tEtc } ~nialitt~e~E~ acid su€~~ rt-ss cl~c unctc~ca~4~le Rirliak9ur, The ~~;~nd gc al is tt m.~kr ilrar tvlaat

t~tt: ctudtnt ±ha~bld be <Gi,iatg in.traa~ :tnd t~. ~ar~viclr rcintnrecgt~nG for tl~~sr d€sir;~6lr a ricsns..

Thus, ~4hile ~l~e ~mblE m h~ha+• ors are hi;ir~g su~a~sreks~d, }taiisirr alirrjtiac'scs re~:~~ansc{;rrEl>cirsg

szren~;chenn!<.A~ i~c?u wi]E arc in slae n~xc ~:ercion, rctien~ ca~}Troaei3rs rra39}• rnip6tner.~ sup~rursin~

E,t~s rive t~cl~aviurs. '~'hc t7atlsfrli~rrt, ffp~fy~'~i~ Z7Frr~~at ~prt~~itiatilir~{,f•~rt~ f~i~+ti~It~raeril gin' Shr

next ~ra~e ~ic~ca 6drr.< icr ccsing ptinis-hi~en~ E~t~,itiue purr~scu.

CII ac~raaf Pt~nislsn~ent In : nd pSìcscll does ~c~c tt;3tl c~ a~}'-p~sici~~~ €iclssvi~~i li~rsh ~ttn-

ii33nzcnc Lsiv~~umifa~ES tv 3tu~lrnc~ ~i~a~ "niighc nf~k~s ~ghcP.and m~v ~ne~at€;r~~ r~[ali~~ion..

hi :tda3ition, ~~~nisla~tegs tcar~:~ l~r~t ~elielt tlti Ja~cenii:tl pua~is~ier—die ceiie[~c~-3~ ar±~unt3..

~nsdints Ccarn cap "6r g~~~" 3ihtis clec Ica hrr it i~ ~1~L ri7ctm, liu[ ~vh~li ehe tc.tehe[ (c;ivc~ of

t9ccrc is a sib€[9tucc cea€her, tl~c sdatrm iyv e fttl ';iparr. t'trnishifsan~ c~ni~s to F~~is tteid~nes

~n ch¢ ean4e~lu~n;~:g c~~`ti~cjc uccirrni For d~y~l~~'1ièa inscnd afrl~utl~n$ing„ them ~e~ chl~k ;c6auc

th~'iiia~set of el~eir lref~ati~ cte can others: a~ a dt~tdt y~~¢n3~hincnf curs nsse itutiU eonspss~lon ar

~a~i~va~hv l:sr a[~sees, PEtidlli`, ~~~jsh1»egc tin irirock~t~ tiv€eh dcti~~lU~in~ ;i ~:arit5g reJal;.~nsl~iti

~viah t~+~ue 4[uekei~cc (r111~~tio ~ ~Iesr~ee~~v:tci. 2i1t2~ Hae~fin,~9D~t Ikeshn, ['J'}C~. t)'?isEr; ?i~1~5;

R~a~It ~g every St~td~nt: Sev~te Behavi~~ Pr~~ietn

~c~ad~i~~, ,4i~ =~ev4re h~~,ati~~~~r g~te~~l~a~ p'~arf.~c sn~se ~zt' ~I,~ n~~~r dii~i~ti~lt cle;~ll~ngr~ fir

t~.xehcn~ l~9tec ~nsclics ~It~w ltcr~v ta~aplie~~ 4avic1r:~6 ~>~lri~i~l4n Esc ire u~ful iii ltel~5i~o~ the ~

T-r.~ ̀ 11s4~:rcit~re kaki) l~sr td~llea~ ups (~{i[Fty +rtrrkcvl wisR4 the tei€Itcr of ~irc actt'slascsnc nral~a

~wht~.ssre cli.i~iansGYt:~.e hisvi~eg aett~re ~'u5atit5n~l di~enrzlkrx, A ~la~~n Ei+t ~if`c)~~.~r nil~•.,t ~. r~t~l+lielti~'+i

(~~„ usr o~ c,~rscei~e ~.tiui3~~ cnrd~ilr kith die e~slkrs resjut~sc+ tivichiaS i sec„EiJ~-, wake ~Eo krs}a~1

pcttinlvns):'1'hc ndc~ mere s~~i[~s n ~r~i €nt~.~ carcL ~:tpct~, to €ach tnict~n[ s ~i~s tc. "f he 1.~~hcr 1~acE ,i

chcckli5t can leis Jcal: twith ratcfe acs~dcni3 ~aan~c [a not. ~tny~ EuEe Irrc,il€in~.'I~~is cl~ttiklisi «:~ c•.uily

Cannsct snd ~xtactd #6 PttnXtS tt~

'r4xhing and M~na~4maatt~,.ni: ~i, a~: r, c adIdQnaHp major ~~roae9~es is ta3clairnjafld ~lass~an:ri rrfsn~rje;~rse~at tfiatire bawd an bohavforal pr~r.~iplas,Uiul¢rstand the advanta~mzanddisadY3nlagtrF of each.



~~~'_~ I `l ~ i~ 1-~ ~ c `~ ,`~ ~ ~ti; i i~ 1 q I r' ,

Try to ~truetufe the si(u,~tiap so ya~~ rap use negativereinfoecement rather than punishment,

Examplesi. P Ftnw studgist: to e€~a~a u~plcsa~ane ~rivatsa~rs (e~~`5piat-

fn~ addilGdl~a) tivark'rc~k assignments, ca+~ekl~ tests b(mathfaclsJ cvhtsn thtp reeth'a Level of comp~iersa_.

~, Insist on actions, not promisfls. 6en't tet stu~r:nts convinci~yot~ tc~ c8i~i5ge t41r_ t~rm5 05 th¢ ~~¢eer's~trtt,

If you de use punt~ment, keep it mild and b►fef—then psfrIt vrith doing the r(ght khing.

~aarrz~tes1. Tirs~c ayR fcr youre~ children—no n~ot~ Khasi 2 to 5 ~ninuK~:

I~ss of pbinti—no more than 4 sticker if the stud~rrt canSara 5 ni a day (hazdi~a. 2f)t}$}.

2; Fair thg 6riFif, m~)d punishmar~t wiu, rean4u~cament{or doingt~1a nglr~ Th ug cr rs~>IatuLr~r~.1Fa st~dvn~ r~rii~`s ~ra~ìii i~ iEti~reskr~im, ~, ~~ €}r:~ i pun',sisr~tyst plti~ tle.~nf,u,~ t>H ttiv jraff~~,

B~ eonststent in your appll¢~ci4n of puni~i~mant.

~xa~tNles1. A4°a;d inad4ertontlyr reinta~cfnc~ the 6el~avio~ ybi~ are trying

tp ~it~ni~i, Keo~ canfrC~tatic~rs ~rivat~, sus that sii~dantsdon't ~ecvmr heroes !'br stand=i7g up to iha thdcltar 6n ~

E7~fG 3h=J4'f{~65Yl1,2. I:et stucJ+into k~~w in arlv~nsc lit+t cons~ugnres ~t k~rcal~•

i~~ thin ra~c3 ksy ~~ss;f g ,ii~+}.ar c1,3~~ rvl~~ fir y~5csnc~artuc~Rne ~t ~iuttini~lq ~ut~~hiicl cr.~ns~r~c;~ns~;~ I~ ~ ~pter,

~~I~t~k~s far a1t~~' ~tu~~~st~.3: Te91 sti:~w'~7ts tfiey ivlll r~eely~ o~79y cne vra~n~~g l~efpre

Arun shrri~~5t is liven. Give tkre rramia~ in a catn~ urav, andthin tallrnv ~hrou'gh.

4: 'Make punisFmei~t as unavvi~ahle and immediate as isreas4na~Ry ~~tsssl~we.

5, C?~n'e psun='fir vheaiy w are angry ~rae~ may bo too f}~%=tr, then,it~^ti t~ tvkv it 1^dtk I<~tet~-which d5~irr~ •t t~~ pit tlt~~t~ti~y

f~eus an thestudents' astfens, not cnth¢ iwdents`personal qualities.

Eacartt~s!es1. l~aFsimar-d ~n a ca'rn ~;ut fJrr~r y~ie~.2. Avgsd vindictive ur sarcastic ward3 or tones ~f v~sice.

You mig~sk heat yaur own angry uror~is i~trr whenstuc~~nt5 imitalra yaur ea YcasiYs,

3e Strnss thv nc?ed to end the problem beha~rior ir~stgad of~x~,russi:~ asiy dt~liisr~ y~hU ~rig4tt fr ~4 fQP ticb sttetiurit.

4. ~c: ax~or~ 1ft~~i elu~ienas nt ~aidr are di~~r6~~irliu~~aEc9y~unish~3~, s@rit zo etnt~r+~ic~i7, ;end eicpt~Elt:-1 irazri seSt~cl,qr~ yc~~ir ~olielr; fait?

Adapt the puniShrrlent to the ii~frasti~n.

~im~u~o31. Egno~ m?nar m+sbeha+r`~ ~ t~tac do ~aot d~sru~rt the class,

Qr slap they€+ rt1sgbeh ~~ ~~v with ~ c3isa'p;'fswt~:i~g g~~nc~ ora moue tvwijrd th<~ ~b~d:,,,,.,

J,. A~akG Sl,rt; ihh Fxiri4+,fnz;nt i+1't wc~ts#:.tlirtn ft~~~ ~..tirtiG—^(7~n't t~k~ 3wly it) tf7s frnC ti3~4p ~ ~tuGl~:nt has r;srctr, rJfdr ate iatfractiiin cif thr rufc~, d~,~ ~x~rrjNi~ ~La~d~vn7 &~iauHman; 2QDb). less ~rtanishmciyt is more offeetive, asloaig as it is pafre~ Yr~th re%n~Q~c~m4~ti Ecr d~~aig the rightthing:

3. barz't use homeixaric as e ~un:shm€nt for misbehav+orsstic3r ~s talking in c~as,.

4. Wl,on a st~,~~rat mi~.*elt3u~?s S6 fain Fxiet ~cc~pt tn~c,r~me~vji i;<~r:~ i:3o ~rou~ cif fcFanc4~ e~i~i k5G ~ffa€tiu~a,Eite.uSr. t~i~. ii n;~lly~ tirri~ t~t~C 1tc};rk ~ rr,•irjfc~t~irt~ sAkv~,ic5n,

5. if tl~~ ~~rc~k~Icrn ~M~vic~ra c:c~nt~nue, ~~aly~c~ aP:~ situ~It~ins~rcl try a n~;w ~tp~5r~ach. Y~n:~r ~aun'tthmelit may not he verypi~ni>Viir:t~, o~ you may be i~iadvE~enity eeinforcing tf=.~misbaliavior.

~r{rrcer ~var rrt~c 4i;orn:~uo~i ovi paG~~.=h~>iar~~. she(nierve~L~r*;ariva~,~i~l ar7r~ se,uel3 i~_ ~ -F •h~n~n6'

ol~servible, ~a ~tudenbs i~i~ltl ii~maiazt dlsi~ir bwTE:~ad rash ~schzr's ~KYForma~tte, Ac c$r r-ntl of #I~eh~-nrinute jxrirrd, a ~ittdsiie ~hnse a "cdEeri~7n" fcg1+~ a jar.'I"'he p~~iGEe uiceri,Y ~ti•crr F~rlUnn~~re~zof chc +,ti~hulr grump. ni~iinr ti~~ch chc highc~~ xbn•, sae~lrnr tivict~ the (i~~~~cxc scurc4 clsr a~~er~agr of

sl1 s€udencs, or .a random sin~Ic scu~lenr. If chr sntdrnt +~r ~tttcicn[s s~s~:c~~et w Err [hc ui+Trion tacttine chc~ks ~r fn+~r tar Talc l+echking. chin chc u~l~olc };~«p ~~~ a ec«.ud; aL;u nc~}:gin rwcl~mlt~from a jar, ̀I'i~c }}ositilr rcusnl~ u~r. ~hin4s li€:r a puurr deinfi, a Uag+~Fehips, ;i coed}'buy u~ alace-Tar-tlis p.~~.,, r1n A13,113 ac~ign ~3;is uuil—L~uilint. 2-Rvfak ltsccn~~n~iun. Z-4i~etk lvideitr.~~ti~~lnl inccn+rr~xian, ;end ~-~s~e~ rznun to group cunsryuenr~R 311( s[u~iencsshc~xy°n{cEcir 3n~pruti°~n}tnc

in f~llu~~~inl chk n~1e svh~•n [hc tci~=,vd a}+cciiy ~u.~ in p~a~4. Srs[+~cncs lllc~d ilrr epprc~.i~is. and.ihc

irach~r I;jwid It cac}~ to taiplciiiena.~u cite uGond scu+ly, Ev~~a \9c{'sue}' ~n~3 L~e~r~r C~ul'~u~ (2~~)~ iti~nif~rc~ v~[ih c~sch~e~: in ikr~ti

~aeecE~s~y( el~s.~reonii th ;ieG3~ccc pcvhEciii txki:sv~;~~ts ol` li~uf >tu~lent dliq,iniud a; Karin( auctyrii>n-

st~E~C.t fi}~~rts~i~~s.df.~~XJcr.'17~s i+~~4lstra tn~t bod~r tuk4n r~:icrl't~r'~`~fn~~i~ (aragr.~~r~ {rt~~dcrje~ s.tr~t~zi



sa~(I .rnc~ tares h~otlsaga cn oc ~h:~rt F~trf~FlEaavin~ cl;css cu1t~},:~nd v Frs~sutisc ci~s4 tivatcnF (stcGt~ents.

Irt~:rii ~viilr iitî sir~;il[ Fii~[~~i~.c ;end s~n~ large i~naatn ~e a~ic~Fzc~ nl€h i~av ;tnti6 f<Ssr Uiiac~n~ fi r ri~sc

li~llcn+~ii+~ egfcs}. f4oilz ~recrcedute~ ~~tirt ct~`c~Sjrc is 1u~ti~~ric~~ rrilr:t~~ea[ting, btsa the ka,ich~rs ~'naurd

tli~ c«~can~ zpn[ ~}xiani cas3cr ~~ irt5[~Iz~ru~u:Fteh ~vicittl inrertcntionsat'c ~~tf~i~ tGe~3 iti~ittt cl5ildr451ti5'it$k.tutl~s~i i~~i~. ,4j_ l~nrr(ctr,lLti~r~Z;

~;fp~~~~~r_ ~i I I~~neick.~,n. 2fll t [.. j. ]3;tit, ~;ru»do'~t. 1'i~~~~ tit' R~~riuc~~. ~Qi(~: Sua~~sV~~ty~~~t,

Hud,~~q, 2ot}')}. I~oe ~~a~~Sr~olc, S;tra [3:trt{kta :rust Pier crt~Uc:~~:4~s t~st~<1 tii rrt/~uru~ rust ~G~;t(w~}~.

tc~ c~~~t rE~u j7tS~[~I~et~ r## x~3ttaRt~ h~ 1=+,r~i;:~~~ R.y.,~e=u~c~ 1ai~}' ivlth irutiutt w)~c~ ~,sc~ t~~ry'Ii~sHti

vtituil ~htli~tea, T"try r~s~a~~tcer. t~ clze t~e~}~ li,~~n i~ x ratilu. icEc~ut3i,~l a~ ~ favnr3~e t4~}' Gy, hip

tc~~tEc~, a+~ie ~c~,rkc~~ ~e ~ tat~[~itt i< <!«r~l~y ~~7s+~s ia~ l~t~stilti;~ui.11rl~r'~ Kh~ Iw~~;spl€, ~f4c rsiaiia~.~~

t~~5ys*vtn9 fs7r 6[t ce~ci~~<Is, ~et~ 1l+~~t eEE~l.~~a~l. hi~~n'c s~s~ttfng 3tiecit tf~ ~ttne rer~3 ~t~+ clurirr~ t~i~nc

crrietin~; a~~si+~te~.'I'k«t~ t1e~ rea4:~rehe~ wt+tp~,rcl.the n;.~:neiie trtia szri:s~~~r a~tcl tl~e r,~ctia7 ova+ a~cet

t~n~C~t~~fl ~+•~iCn I:rnfi ~~~it. ~I~p~e n{t~s t~1 tjeitil~i~ r+•e~st~~kc~j: fi~[3, I~~~t F~~{: F~a~~t~rS rvEFitfiitF~f~<~ .

t~~r rc^~},~~nsi ti~st, ren~nvàn~; s$ev raclin liar lt~ ~:k~~a~3t; anci FSA~~ spjnicsg ttiErtk lxa~k ~;yK•rt ~~ctaaa

t« ti~:ir ~~r+~, fit{Mite cltis ~Is~ i~ ~s~ ~x:antpl~ ++f:~~ A$t1A zc~~sc~l~ l~s ~~d~bnisliric, ~r~at2t~s~~t,-

ntaim to C~~tcl nc.. tc'snttate trratn~rttc} Tl~c ccsc~rlitrs 3azotec6 E;}~ars b~cck inc~ t9sc cl~ussc~:om z~nc9

~c~t~stu~tei3 lsic tcaCnit~~ sr~sion; tlser~, l~inaAr cli.~• taught Psan`s t~ac~~ers tc~ use slir strst~t,~~ 4ru~

fl rut`s sp6ctin~ suiy~cd as n~arzrro in hip ~rneral alucaria~q`classroom'ihcaugh the cmir 4~i~ew~eh

foitatwup ~riii~i;

~'~. 'r `~~1f 1{t~~ t4_~ ~ì T`~i~s -̀~.! 4tF99 if ~~`."~. !.t l3z T.t ya

°Ccachrrs in kw[~ _r.~nrrsl and syec'ial cd~eeitioii ct~sscs hsvr had s4teccss with a ne»~ a}~km~ach ctiut

~at~ins by asl:in~. "1'4'hat arc sctit~.n~ grtcing out of Their prubltm E~hatiors—what Canctieni :!u

thou bchavaors .serrc'"'t'hc t`cxus is oi~ t6e te~fi,~ +~f ~6e 6~havi~r, nor on the u~Xiar (Lv~e. E:ilk,'C~

tiY~ch6p, 20(K+; ~c~gc et ~1.,1~5;1~ wren fiE al., ~tl~7G~. "I'ht zcu~ns Eur grab{ant ~havior Gcnceall}•t~lf into Càuc can~urics i ~3vnhitl, 2tfUi; i~taa~ tt l~em~, 2UU~). Sctidencs ace uu< <o:

tl. Rk~cive attcnii~n iia~m efch~n—~taaElt~i~, ~arrntt; rr E~~tr~.

~, ~~4itped'tc~att~oaa:~tlAt~,!~,.;~~~Siitu.tttcari---annc:~~ls~tic~>tsaxi~E~$cana~cl:

~. ~i~~:1 ~~4~itf6î11t~4[I ~"Sr :lE tlY;i1.'~'

~i. 4{cee ~~istsn- ~e4cc~s; suds :tic tit3niuta4 inn ~mm rck-1 ing+ar Ilsppi~a~ yams tt~r s~ni€ thil~it~n

tkldh $"3t93i95.

di` dec n~s~~~t ir~~ s)sc b~lstt~~itit ik krsF3iv~e. a~~~z it~~ tc~cL~~` c~sa ~€,~,•i~e u~a}`s c~!` strp}~~rti~tg ~zsit3ct~lat7s~vP~~r~r tjs:~rtiviU xervCkPac ~nir-"w•h,)' Pirn~;ts`nrt. Fc~r 4~a~itip~r. 1 i7~tenv~t~cd }k•itf~ a nUciaiEr~.cis~,~,l pc~n~i~t~! „•htti u~~ ~c~s~crF~4ct ~i1~cus ,r ~~~~y «!~n h cct I~~u €~i~ 1àt~wE ~ !~v yr..~ ~s1i.r ~n~ti.•~. lia3 ia~; tti~t~l~lc i~ ~ ~~unel~sr at'sulsjec~, ca~cx;,,i€x n,:~th,'t'hs: atitcl~rce sii~na~tciE nt:xth ~11~ ntle.~zr nsi.E a tvcsk and c~dsYl !qa Tae thc• ~~inci~a~'s o~kis~r, ̀ I'hsre. clic ~xay ~ijny~d c1c~ ~;rinsi}~a1's

andi~:i~ez5 :~ttk~tsi„n. rtfcse ;t schtdin~, cltcv ra3ke~7 nl,nut ~~~ lae.~use she piin.ipa! {ikt~l tl~c

:~mdcnt a~i~~ ~,+~s consec~izd chat 6~ h~c3 n~ n~.ile: t~lr niacicls. lei co ~y~t.tha Eu~~c3issn cat tip

etaesinam disn~~~cio~s—th y alw-~~ Iccl ca (3 ~ cscapr (Tom flinch class (~c~,atir-~ reinf'onxniciid anci

(~k Inc-un~~~i~e time'tio~ith thr principal 6p~iiti~s, r~ nforit~ncnt ati ~ n 13RI~ bit-bFrc~runandii~~J.

`C~ht p~in4ipa[, tr.~chec .and I drtrinjxd ~ tit~ap ru su~pacc th¢ at~~c[cnt's ~riri.~ Exha~i.,rs in math .

h~• ~rtcin~ i~im ss5nt~ esen eut4r`sc~r :w,l h5' g6s~iu~ him sinsc wick the }~dnci~a( sFlren h~ eon pleccc~

math pr,~bl~nts i~sscr,~d gt`~Fhtn he a;-c~ up in cl,~s. Thy nc~v ~u si[i4~~ bzhac~it~rs ~maj nia~y ot~khc

suize Canc-ti~s~s :iK chi ala }~~b(cni Eiclta~-lnrs:



1~~{~ PI;1~~ II [ r ;Edi; ~ e `:a{ì t/ `(i ~'..~it"14^~!

Drseovering t~i~ „tNhy„i F~inet~Qs~al ~el~avioral AssesszteE~is

'11u ;~~c~i'~s «I' Suttlees~;~rielln~; tfic "~vl~y= u!':t ph~lzm lx^~c~s~2+~r is 9'~~~nx~ri ;t~ ~nc#[a~~31 1aet~v3~rs~lapse ;~~)r~ni (F8A$, t !~~ng~ jviJe rend Pik ~rsu;;-c,~ur~ Ri>>n~~i tI~~1—k~ct;~tei d~esitcuticrai iA~?t~xizi~nrs--~x~6„nor.+-~+:~,n~tvrucrst~•f, t~.~~lnEra trl't~~ Kit-~~tilj~ tlivr~<p3t li~rtlic Ixb.tvier(Ik~rn7~i11,?411~4). Fi~4tFr?.~~~t ~n.glsd:.~ t~~~ (x~c,i13~•- lun. rip~~Cz~'n1F~.t5} SS~laxal3~h~vldii:

i1~t~~~yclitT~~~a~r ~irvtcc4urt- might Iicl~~,vAa dmtaritin~ the 1ii~~stYinr~z+>f :t ap4-Fi~Fe I_hhavivr i~

pour cl.~.sac, Yoa ca~z b in ley i~~t~rvi~rt•i~i~, ~uity~~tt? akxsnc their bgli;sYinrs, In ~nr sttt~{}~, ss~adcniscvrtd x+k;'ti co rtc~€ri(c xhat thy~;~ did tlt~t'giu tlisna irti troublr iQt ~riicxl, +tia~Xc haE~prr~cd jnxt f~:-

ft~rr t134~~~cic~l Out; and wh,eEha~~~cned ri~fit af'tc~ f•.~~r~a thtu~, 1 e KcsiJ~=nts us~ri ~snt-sluai~.s ~nt~

a•~hy theY;~ttec~ uvr, thi~~ ~etnsr~ t~ l,~t~~lit from ta~~in~ ~n a cbur~m~cl seduke tivha utisijn~ng t<s

riff ~OSSI~LC FUNC"r!c)~~~, F-;~!I_: ~-t~r:S:_cIUENr,Es THAi`MG~fN~'~IN`_;("JP;1~7i~C]I~CtLffVG ~3~HFlVSOf{5

f~oniS~ns rq Bum„icr 4Aa.rv,~,n~r.+~ Ci,~,~~~pncr;

ra_ua~L+tt;_u; v.iSn:-~I Gain ad;~lt f[eache ; Pa«,~;. —~~aia~*,~ucafor. tu5tc~~.~x-r. c;c 7$nr.-s i frnni ~~

T~„~a: ~i .~ farmAictite~ke in qi ~tir~~;

t]I4srfA~!wity

E\'c'nl

ply lda VU 1310 ~

.lu~ji[c7 K~~~rl}ei —

j Olfart~ ~ P[~, .a ~ p ~t~e

I~~~~~.t~1:~,sLaJly~Iiat~:ht.e+Nion lrO:h(n: _-i ~N ed~elt5u~~nl intcr.s~~inn v;;di i:va., —

~±ry(; t~X' ~lN~'

L'~m:~rnj!r~:3 or ba^nq iasl:Se9;~na. acG•~i;y,cr~.~.

I"c e~carK ka~n wnsc ~, n~rrt~iii~n~ !rterr~afsl~:ra'a[~nLhat~pa~n;~lore?::LG:n~i~~inq

LviLl•'~u1tis~~~,' ~'Ye.~,-~=n~ atterm~:r~ ~ni[eases ifi4 [uiu~e ~~'~~;~ c'~~abiGty of lht n~dent cn.~,,; ngine (vwha~ncu a~~art

H~:~ir~~ Ye~ihv.mrenlfic2F;rn, the i~r.7'c~>~ mcr~asos the h~l~.pe~j~~ nr. pr~;d,~,lvif(~v! the yluCirnt rfcz].sjirir~

S erriz ancf 7t~~ R`n.o t ripJt b~ <~~~-~q ~citree beria is t5 i i~Jea e th fuel ra rateq ~xnb~bd~tyTf U,~ S t}t~, _rsr~_~.n, n Iii~~~+e-reh ~~n~ ,ii~:iiri~

Ii;;d2Liy'~',.~IIfS7.A,%'lRc~ tRc~~:~.-,-'~q ihr ;9u~r:nt lr~~T tl«„nvs~z;;~S~r;iE~it ~; arrhw ;r: rra~r+ it t~ fuwra~ rain ~~r~:ottibiidyai th:~ ~e5~a4ivr.

7.4W-~Ir.r P;dn'h~rn~rn~' ~

Re,~~~o-.,ng the iaimu!ui the 55ude;7f (u~~>a~~tr~,~re ~^.rear; the fuiur« rate or~'okuG~I lY at liv, bchs~,7or.

'~alrx AuPamare k.,~nfc,~cerrn r~r!3€cn~~atioribl pain'ul ordFrp~~~!~rt~nq~n;rar~ ~ ,tiniu~~~tion by t+iq,r~ir~o in 3hcF)t'~;.1~JYi i~'.4`~} ~Ilf (F~11{^r ~~ifi ~1111~1' 1~ ~C'

±cttl;a pJo2~.9ku~a~~ of cln ;t~n;..m origag~rrt~.nlY...6ck~a~noi a<;>>~i

~ ~ ~a Fig . ~.~~.~no, 1. N_ { Trc~r~.-: , A. C, i;x ~.', . ~~i ~G~~,i L ~ ~r. i r. , r~..,::i F rs ctt, f.~~i ::,-~.



~~Ilsel'?~-i?i r ~li'~.<<_ l~.s.~.~L it ,~: 2.{: -~~~~

~»a~ecs~act~ tl5fit seeu~ti~». iaoi.tUst r~~~Cim;}ttc~ tEi~aei ~$..C;,. R3cresknek. (l'~ri1L ~t tttdn9n~;h:~fli,

~~ti751. ~tct you 1EilA nvec~ to Stu ni~i~ th,~~t ~asct tat3s tip s~u~e~u=> ]i+u ~a3~ght a[;Ss gall tc, ~+art=nf~ rFratiicr teachers, lc~a cc>ulrl eoir~lAic~ ack ri-El-t; ~bscr4ation r3~ic€~ :6Ese yt~t~tion, is~ ~yind: \~~Jec~i

:arsd .~•h~c. dsxc< t~4 yr~~llria; kwEzaui~r ~,~tis~i~ \~hac pc.~p)c nr accixitics arc intnh~ds \~'Itaz ~a~pans ri~6x l~c!`s3rc—nhdi a~~ nzhers ~3~ of ~sv and av3tat,i~id the S;~tgct .tudenr~n ~r sate ti~'hae

laak~~~~s right after cltr lschariar—whac ditl xou, othc~ szu~lenis, ter the t;~rg~r sti~~tnt dc~ qe may?

\V6,t dQt~ the: targcc sttadenc tain'ur e,caps lioin Vy+'nla'~ing in the hclbn•iit—x~hac'chan~~.

a6'zcr the saecicne aces,c~us? A nears aern~nirsY! a~pcoaeh is sl~,~~sn in F~~ur4 ~,5~ an QU~n~acion

Fuecle Ior 1~t3A keas~~i nn 7 Ran~l~t~ ,3-E~-t: a~a(yzis. t~~sins; rhi- inf«nna:icon, she tricEsa tourid sett

I~18F 4~it~S[ttd~cÌ1TdCt~i~ 6UE.1i'~lCik C1'Ci thZ C~~.Cf 55:13 iCaTt3741Q11IA~, [D ~lt~]t~ifi" dC[IYI[14 ~~~f'1~3t~ll(€~`C b~

rei~id'virceotscnc fi~~ ~Ek .tutlxnc am ~lrac t~:~~i77sc ~u~cc lseh~viors fua~• s4ne ctil~ iciic iiinni~~n lint ditlircnc smdencs, Fir ;~arn~4c: an

6°I~r1 ~it'thrzc pr~sd~~~9 stui~t~nta ~irun~ tha€ a~s=o aPche s~i~tlanr~ s~~ima~~€.c ivy ind unc~sg~?crae'iti~eins oriter [~r gain chi cca~ttrc, ascr~[i~i~, b»c the d+irct cteiic! ascual~t' +~^,t~ cr~rii~b ~b esca}x csr a~zsi~3n:xh~r a~c~nsiars ([,)ud'~nc. C?u~~ttt~ 13enir~g~gn. & 11~at~~ti, 2iHl~~: LViele iul's~rniasic~n tr~~i~ ap

d~ESA~ t~.tefccrs <1n•~-3o~uti ai iattcnc~orn~~ ~a~cki~r. ine{uslin~ p~slt4v4 b~havi~: ~uppurts lPBS~i~e ~-~eh c€~ild.'I~ru nc;i,3~at~ n}is ~tficiF~ sS:tnc~~sc~s er.~ec the e~~echc~~str~~[~n ihe~' w~4n~na~,~isii iht

third ~i~ilef ~,c~~ to 6~ "I~h fit,>nr" a~ ling ~ he 1~ict c~r~aifi srincE~ed€:

P~sitiv~ ~ehas~I~r Su~p~rt~

'f`lichsclivE~~e~Es~v[tlt!)'sk-tl~iliticaF~Itsut+ic~urlst(tl~E~,+1r?C1t~~}~liseu~;xc~1Irvt_,li;q~;~~r4r;~a~~~rc i~l~$

tier stuclsyetx ~vie1~ clisabilitl~s ;~4G~ tEt~.~ yr xi-,#~ for ,Fn~I~~ r~~tir.tivit Z+~ac4ntsnt: ~'~z,.tRtwr t~rhsviE~r.±~4p~x~nc ;ree tl~~ tctutl iijtcn~i;tic3ta dr+i~fl~d t,• tcpl ~4e ~r~rl~2sni l~charior~ N•itl~ i~vw 7~4i~~as tI»[

atim•~ tEit ~m~ ~~arpca~t~ t`ne tlic httsi~~nF,

T~~fiti~~.b~~~avi~exta~}},osc. c~« hclp srn~lem~ x•(th ctica~iilitees.ue~ced ~s~ i~s~C~asi+an e11~~mom~,

~~ri^zirt:~+le, tlsr c~sn~p~t'st~ be13i~,~~,t uE ~ ~~~~.vrnlJ ~npti~~th a~ inc~llttc~sal tliuhilit}- ~4.~~ ns-~dy

~liia~ina[4~1 in a t~]ati5~eta ~~ncut t~mr chr~~u~E 3 hC1S intcrvFi~ti¢n tti~t u~c b;itr~l ~~u att Izt~xl y~n-

tluri~c9 t+u kh<~~•ncrtl i~lcr; ~ti,~rt t:.~cl~in~.«fl`nn.# chE ~~ua-ial cYlus~tioas ercrh4i~~'Lhr in~4~'cat4iti~5

in~l~~dc~ n+akin ~~erc tli~ r~+k, „~ikn.~i ~~c~ at the rig1~S clillieult~~ level. pr~yidin~asistiaect tvitl~

thsse ~n~:~, st,<lFin~, ~h<sfti~tt°,tt h,:•v s~ rc~~~t tc~~tinsc,:~n~i tca~hiicg tL~ aku~{enrhn~~~~~ mc~[a~~t

a br~;~3; ln~nt y_i4:ic~l ti~~+d: i ~ncxli€; :~ Mt~aitJt}: '?f)tlti Untbrrit, t {115}.

t1 SfM~I~ ~1`RI:~:TUR~d~ 1~~~~#~1~HTI~N Cil11I~F, F:3R F1.JNCTI:SRJAI.~~HAti+tpfi,at ~S~~S~MEFi~ ~JStP.G THE A-B-~4 FftArYi~

Student Name; bentor~ R. Oate:?Il~20~5Location': A!~ebra I!—Ms.R dbsen~cr. Mr. D.Siarttimc: t~7, Stopt~mo; 1:i5

A'~nF~crrJ~r~u ~6:-aeh3Nors' cGpe~segoen[ei

1~(3d ~!:Kfd7 U 9"9 ct~t i~~ok;~ D. pulls c~7 h's <.~~ ~vxi (w'; Sl fti+ ~f: ~: ~riarc! f~. st,lri~3t'4 ::ila ̀: I31X~iR Ljd>5. E ii U('~. ~3~:{ff~i7j ~51~ S.lti ifY~'Hi~'.'

1 ~175`7l F,c`/ I'f71~C4. Ct. :lid I7- I.~RI %, '~Nf:J (~;ficliYS ~'r ~~J'~c:11 ~1~ipl~fud

r ~ hini to ~ertia.~ his cap. I cap anA bars

1 I . Tevci~cr.#G.i ~. ~ ~. ;tiv. "td,~,~_ t dw,`l ~irplt+t~+sl~rdcn4 w~. 'Vs~alt,.que~~zi ~kn~.v.- yckjrectupS - Ctrhzrsl3~x~n

N.J f -eil ~1.' i ~ ,}' j} I.7'li ;.I .i~: - .-~ \h ..1.11



i~,~ PT~It7 it . t ~ ~'id+i ~ 'e~.li i t slld.','.,rJP•!

Bast t'13ti n~+[~m;ttltcs ~tts° uc*t only foratttd4tft ~r~it~~ S~Hki:i1 ~ey~cclw Itc•,t7rc~t ~ai~tivs rhat J ci•

pli~~n- nip its dccr~;}sr ~~•hc~t t~~ wftnh: s~~i~nl uu^,: l~~i aa~pr~,~hk~ tc~r~Cl stctdc~5es t'1; J, Ln~•i-s.

aat~t , i~ C;oli~ici, 1 ~~7t3}. 1~~-cause aianut 5°f~ vt stut~cnts at~ntmt far afwut ~179~~ of t6c c~ic~i~lin'~

rck~rr~is, it n~:;{;r$ ac~~~t co s3c~~b~p ins~n~cntitns for tl~~s~ ~iu~cascs, I'+,sici+~c 4xhavi~r lunrytn~

ic~i35 bucv~ an FFSAi.can rctlitc~. ehciar befias•ior ~ttb3~lrntn !i}~'~(a~?n (~;~n~ fL' Burner, 2t)ff3), rLt

dse sla<srcront lii~~cl, rtcat3~tr: arc cnrouriged co ~~'sach pr~~~5tirc strac~~i ~ as pP~:sorr«~{i~at~,svi~ich iGtvo~~~.+ i~ien~itying cht c~ncrxt $e~rax~u~icnc"s rn~sExhsiviot, cic~sl~~ s ~ ~tyirn; [ft~altcrnadfapt ccc~ bc9ta~~ior, iutrclityiag [Ice sittraczna~ so mak~:che prcrS~lem 1~chatti4~ {mss likelc (t,g„ prs+u't+.1in~

a sue or i5~owtin~; tlse stxiclent ~ti~xy tuna trui~sting di.'errtitions). [hen rehkaning t1~ ~~rccc~3 ~~s1-

it~e fr.ha~~iiFrs in tht n«i~ aini~;xt a~~zl, prc~tii~im ~u~~~crtid r~infi~ren ~rhen chc ~rncid~•x tichavicirs

lxcur. t;sin:; 8"i35, ce.~ti6en a~tempe to krs~y eaJemx cn~grd„ Pr<a~~sc(c if ~si~i~~r t~ku>, iz~~a~biiti~cta~

cih(aret sdruallc[:us rule,, c~irntii <li;ru€~~~~c 1~clia~~i<rr ~irUacaiti4l~•, and ~Sl~u l~r snicyoe9~ trlr~icluns

~~)SI f,MYi' ~l4`~Y1Y[b( 3U~74Si)CU fl~~il C;tl7.~y: F1'3[S P{~,1 .ci~l{ta9ti'ti+C'SP<~,~f:~01,3~1.IhE ~C~Iilq~ ~CYC{r t~7~

Sih[}1Ct4 9~5(~ 1~fi1117I51C1fUfs it111

• xlgt~~ esit a t~i~e~tesn aarktiitti;tth liar s~spy~nFcin~ FKasisia~c l~e~~a4'iot~;~e~ii c~r~'retin~ Yn~hErtti~.I14-~~-ln~, a fw ~ac~itir-ah•;,t7t~El, +~riKiliC l~staariurt! ~~ls: r.~ri<~~,~ a~~l f~rc~cdurrs iur ta:~G~hing

t~tc~ cxrci~iaf ions tip s5~~ &ttYcferrF9~

• id~nnf}- a saitioewm ++~ ua}~ ~Ir~im tniatl xn~ si~~rpl~, io aautr ~~itsp~t9::pi~l ssr~;a try tea

at{inrn+•fcdg~ st},E,r~,~srexrc #acha.~icrr~ and eorc~rc €Mharigral tetars,

+ ~ntt~r~ttcchc~ijsitivrtxhavibrei~~~fartpr-cdur~ib•iththt~~havl's~iaci~line~Ealic~.

~2c~,4.irt.1~ an ~:lun>I~.~icic lyl~ti 3c'13mitesls Frut rrsulss w lint hats tr~cr`~ ~i>~~sl, r1 +tt~~i}` t«iseE~:~r;~c~;

iT1ic~4~~C J4~it~ud .:ili~~CFifS }(i ~ ~x~i;4j'?ni ~-a FS~?n~t (~tcy~'~i[} K'~[~~ 7[til~alj[~~ nt[ktil[~C( S~ti ~+~u~~ii~ ~EkSti~'£[~

~jS.1t ]}[li~'Y,Inik SC1lt~CIiC1 R'jM)rCCil 11SUfk ~lll~ltll'i ~'('~11~gfCc~174'11S I4fi:~E1~1rtO~iY1;1(C l~~Y:lv~4f. ~a~.~4~~~~ll~r~•

fe~y~idN5,1.1t1ì~E:«`.-c[E>.a~.k~l(~f1~i~~1i(a~'.~~r.~..i~ir~~,i~;177~9~~IlA!}'S~SEltSICCS~. ~Fl i1(~t~llltef7, YSft[{CIYRK ~7Cty

cspiit>rxc tiS~stlGn~1 ~~Cin;-.im~tiin~±~_t) (E~~fcc~fcr, l3ig~an.~~uiby. ~y; ~~p~r.~Ut°. ~~,~1}. 5(wtdl4s ~~I st`1~gnTs

ivd~ t'~iS ~~ti~rts qls+~ ~~li~~~~ cic-~ c.~~,+ ~n t[i~4i~+linary rctsnraLS tt„~vR, tiu~ai..~.[ (~Cvitt, !9)~;S' dxk ~i htEC:arth}; 2(IOfi~.

!i+•sa with neryv apprn.ash~~t ;cn~h':iz ~L~ , in r~rcnt ,r•~~r*.`nest l iharss~rF~l ~~s~'cltnlc~gEsix€t~~r~ t'~~uisl elia~ t~~xraet cr~rtdir~aitiu~+ nt~ers tt~c~ [iaeit~r3 ~n ~xp~a~jation nI` lEarr~iif~. Asl>e.

hayuwr~l -~~pr,~ch~~ t~ Ir~~~ing ~4n~ele3~c~..rons~- ce~careb~rs adv3cd a ~c~v rlcmene—thitskin~;

a~i~ut hshavinr~

S~21~~2'~dtl dt~~Rl~ri~

~~'~}~' F.: '~HiNK bNnat aaea of your life need3 same self-maaia~emen~? Wr+te darn onekr~h~vi~sr ybu ~voul3 like tb i~t~Y~~t3d ~ns3 cait~ t~chavi4~ yrru avbuld Iik~ to alinunate,~. }

stc ~[>u ~a~llt teraHr3~~i iu[ d~i~ }~rrc~{:. ct~c r~I~ ~t~s[cu~eitrs to ~s~an~;3n~ chete u,~vn Ic,,~rhing iz a nraµir

t~unc~;ri~ hf ~aa}kkwk~~~~,~s :inet Gtil~~wtor, tn.~uy.1'his cY~~~ceru 15 ~ioz nr~erietti~ « ~~~ay ~~~re gri~u~~ ur

ils~~r~: C?Itl4tee~s ~r~~.Y of tc;~.~ec14 ~~ea Slx~3r~=1fl c~un~u~~ m: nn~ t~7t~rnt~~e~E t+~r.~ dsyt ck~a tk-~~5c~~1*sil~ilitv;iird ~irc al~iQtp ~v Ic~int rz*t u'itFiin thc3t~idziic: tiu~dinis ~5iti~.t I~;tC~l,~—r~u p~tc ~:srrfe~rn

fhrx~~~na~~~ s1•e {~4~it4~. 13cilis~rs, ~c Hu~t'hi~n~~n,?l7Ctlt IS. H~ t~ui~ssirtg:~ t`.~,~n~. I`7hfk l~,a~tt~~

1T~)5tZ3rrtrstcrntart S: !ielun~k,~i874), 1=Rurta IacbpviGrilpc~•~xetit~;,5~udrr4tartiaa~ix nn•nla~tlirt

a~5~~ c,r, ail t,i" the ats~i i~a ;~ ~;,:it L`~•h,~v~~yr 4~~~i~,y~ pr~gr~q, ̀I`hs~~~~snp Irc~~* zit ~a~s;. aE~4~.~- tlsaisn~ta iu~~tk, ke~~+ at~~a ~5f iG an~1 cr~lct~tc tlirir owl per~ormtnrd. I~anal(Y tbst .'an ~e1cYt nJrc[

c►r1i~r rsint~itccasscnt.

d~3A~. SETTING. 1[ u~,~-~rs [ht~ dhc ~;~~i[.~e~in~~~l1:~,ia i~ +•~~}• ina~~~ry~ra in s~:if-rn:~~ray~~m4tsE

1~Sti`Ct ~~~~1[)~ S4~MEIl7~. ~~lS'+.'4,.5~ ~1l~t (lctl, atf ~'~}. S[I#1e4 fk'%~''i.fklk $41~j'S~(.i €~i{.i4~ililb'.~~~Si~l~ ~+~ir

3~iil roo~kin~ ahem p~ablse: ~i~}'~~~ ~3~e ~rit~~~1 ~let~i~au~ o1'aclt=~t~~a~;igsi~~so~t ~irUgra~ni, ~or~x~~i~~l~,C. C~. f-1,~~xs ~,~s) Icta 4t~1lc, gus~ ic{~it~ins~ 4~~1<<~e scucl4[~t~ ~v€tea h.~ ~rnt~e~t pSnE~lanoz watlt att~ayi~



?.1 4 aa~ '`~:1: ~' ~ ¢,: ~ ~ ! ~i32'.~I+ICS ~~~3~

end c:~~gi~e, tlEen~ huw'c~?~z ~p4xit~c •~~iJq ~+oa1<.:Stucicakt~+~~hu ~cEgUaf~ ~~~c3.m.t.•i=~urr~ t15r~sx to titikm}~~timcitter~ ~xEEnrincY~ si~;niEii~i~ttly 4+ccta~c n~ t~sts:m~ri~~; tt~e maecr'r~i tlpcy~.s-~r~ ~tus~yiaFg tlsiayaturl~n:x ~e6~ stt ga~als prirttelt~ and »c^~•tr rrr~atc~@ zh~tie to aar~-one Fi 8uk~s; itni~~~~i~. l~ztil~'c~c.hlaenr, lior~sy.& Zrtt~4, ! J~+S), t~ rk~uici5' ~~2t~ y~~rs et resranl~ vr~ :alt=n*acsa£4~ex•~~ }~isin~ thatxt{ult most ~t`csli sec the ga~fs foc ~tasc~encs ~Br'~c~h ti [;lia~'~uli•as. ~flC~+jJ;

I [i~,Ir.r sfanJ,inis ~ri3c! t~ Erad is 6i~hrr ~crl'armane~ (Locke & l.a l~a~:, 2~1U."~.}, l~ntòstu-

na~ca}~ studrne-set gc,,i[n have a t~it~lrory~ tv r~11~~rt inctc ~sic~gly~ lc~+'et exku~.~~C'snns, ̀I~ric~ter~ rani~i4-1p suideiac~ u~alnca~n high sca~tcL~r~t~,by~ mc~n9curin~ clsi-gc~~9 sic an{ rcinl4rrlug high srve~{ar.~

M@i~;IT~ftft+IC~ AND ~VAIUAfilM~a ~R9t'aRE55, Sc€idciry~s ni:~}' adso àir~i~i~>;tcc Bn chcrr3on3czoFin~ anct c.:3laadctq }ihaccc ~~a fizlonvi~3r ~ls.~ui~e"~rugranz. Thti~c ~r~ the ~I~i3~r~t~ «f frli=manap~meo~ Iliac innsc ~~feen arr Iiandlcd bp~ dar scuckncs xheinse[vrs [1~ri4~c1~ tC C:Fiali~u3s.u,

2Q{7`Ji 1ia~i. [S41Fior~. ~ Hat~hiis~~s~. ~00i1: S~mz ~amplc~s of Enh.~~~i~sr} dt~i acs ~pprr~t7iareEur self-nis~nii~iring ;vr ehc ~uun6cr s~f u~lanmenu rom~slctrd, time s~sciu ~Sracdcing ,2 ;kill,~j[sm~a~y ~,f bni~ks ccacl n~cnstsc~ ~sF ~~rcel~lent~ rgrrrzt, hnd aiusr s~kt'n qc~ roan ;~ nii1L. ̀ Is3kc chileai~~~~ kx aetcsn~~flisficd «~i~6~ntic ~ctchcr s~~prryisin~t~ ~~fch xs 1~~mewrack nr pri~;icr ~c~cil}, ;ire :~1u5gz~ud ..~,~c1P~,u~ti i~r ~.1P=ntcrniir~rin~. an~denrs kcs~ .~ eU,irr, di~r}'. cti ~~Ert~l.t~ c sh-ic e~curda [hctrey<<cr~e} air Eiue.itls~~i ni' dEe I~elrivSdis in t~u~tiieii. A ~n~~~tc3z rea~bt~3 Bard ~;rE~ 'ricfEa ~,lslce swdrnes}srcaf: ctati~~ri:+asi~nm~iii: into anrsi3 ii~~ss~ c3et~rniin4 the Ea~.ti ur~iaenu for ~~„«E~ietin~ the sizes;

end k~~;p [nick of daUv (~:v~,cc~s by scâdtl~ gu:tls fay ~,tch dsy.'I~l~e h~cord c~sc~i iu<d1~ strk+~s ai.~

EltuetY~4 i~}~it illl ~tC l';Yc~t'~c~ ~7EtF..

S4Et=es:rEus[lan i+ st,m~wh ~a ~5iare ~E{Ciizult rl~att ± eei~9e ,elf rfec,r~!€r,~; !}~;a~i,._ Lc ~nvc~ly~mzkir~~r a ~ud~~tu~st :~t:utt4 asudi~; Sr~4tl~;cics ~,s c4~Iu~te zh~ir 6~lt~t~liar cvitl7 ~•:~,~~ a;il~~~ :~c~tiracy:¢•~7 re e.i l~}' iE t~i~1` ~t'diu ptlt5i~.7(t~f 1i][, ~~(~~~tl~+~ ~cFtIIC ~t'~p~Ell.~If4S UY ~CK~it ~t. ~3u[= ~ ~t~ it't ~4`f;tt~

me wtilf t.:a}~aati:~« ~x~~ ~>>o a~~ lre fi{r tltc zea~liet` t<~ ~~eifnd~c ~(ta ~kicck ~tu~lr~t~' :,.,~.:nacn~s :titis~tiirc rCiil#nC4'~vftC u[ fir ;t~i~s Cd:a ~USf~KIZStC;4, ~.1~S~~r .S4Uc~cu1-; nii~Y. ~~;t1Y ~Ss'4r,ttr .ull~,rrslu,l[iC175

n~~~m et,uliky th~se'•,~~u.ktT st4i Ee~~~~ ~ti~, _t,~n~,c j,~~la~~, c~iu h~ ~wxrc~~[ t~~h~Ft ~h~ t~ icFecr~ ciaa~~tuttc~oth c~;rlitati„ns in:it+;kt {J. ~. ~C~~i~,r~. (;!:' 1,~~ ~t€~c~rzesrina~ ~~~n :~~ent~s~n}~.~I~ ~tialircti~~i~.SGit~lsnts fi~sr ~~luate~ then ~ttrrtri~! i~41p~iuys clocic'tti'c~r3:~ aii~.! din~il}t t44n~~r~ ahk ii~s~rrc:tip=

nTsnts ci, tls~ ~ca~~dar~~ agi4n (~~tas~, E~sltls~FeE ~ tiutclEinsait, '~t7~1~.

S~LF•REfNF4ftCEM~lVT, 'Phcl~fst-ksin~lt-mxnicemcncissetfi~ri„{~~aZvnt~n#,'I'hecr~ssomcxi'sec~neM~i~~c, hosc~~~cr. ~ to ~rhichcr c1~i: seep i~;~tcuaEl}* iictesslr~: J~atnc ~+r.~hol Qistsl~]iei,~ chatseiirn~~aals anal nt~~nicoe'tn~ yn ~~;rr ~. ,iEoac arr su}licirni and thac silf-csint<~rc~ntancad3s rt~tliin~tc~ the efE~-~is {I I.3~,~es ct al. I )~ ~7. tSchrrs L.elic~'c cfi'ac rc~~aacling ;u~aarseEf f~ r :i jot+ ~~~clE done can Eeai~to higher Ecvcl~ ~#' pcaEurnfan€e ch.~uo siii~~+9y':xcpn~ ~craf~ aiaiE kctyin~ crock ut pao~rrss (Iiandura,.ES~:Sfi), lER•~~e arc cvillinp to kr~ cough and troll}' ~cnv }~ciarxlF~nmtchin~ r~tu t~~.uic undi yisty ~oal~ate cr clsccE, chin ~c3~~~>s. tit ~Tronuusc nt the res~ard caa ~+mk~icEe c~ic1 incencivc tar wn~l;. ~Shtl~ thatin mind, }`~u rt~}• s~aisr ~ d~in1: of wrt7c.4~~s}~ c~ reinforce 5a5grs~lf whoa ~yau f3nt~i rtuiin~ chi:cliapiee, tl similar approach hcl~x~ct ~s~c ~vriar thr c7mpetr ia~ the Itnc ~~I:uc.

Ys~ntcsiinc-~, seaehing ~rucl~n~c rclf-iv~it~cnic~c ter, salsa a FmtsEim E'ar_ ctactf~ts,an~j ~ni-iidr i'iin~clxaci'sts,is s~~tli. f ar ~xan~ple, the cuacl~cs cf i cr~ni(rr[itii~c stiu ~iti trans ti~;i~fi mcail~zis~~r.. ~} erg tai user I134'ltl~ [It~~ctlltY prr.u:~~{ii~K ~w~[mintr~'irr nL7intJia J~i~h avd~ek r~sc~, T'lie~s thetc~nc~~ slrc~v u~a }~,a~c e(i~rres incleeitin~ ttt~ rr;~tnii~$ ~tirugnz~u to lac ri511~y~~•cvl by~ rceh nyciii6~-rpn~ [!aatc~ ehcch,t~+ near thr pcx~[.1 h~•~~~~~~a~~~. ~ertr~vzn dre rc;~a~n.~7E~ility of tacrrJin~

iss~sE4 shrFr r~4~iti~k*~fs~ iii' iii az~~ cti~3r ~Sjn~~E+:c~<~n ~,f ~:i~h crrtrjirj~ ~x~~c. 3§c~aut~ the rccnrijir~~vs~ s~4~lslir, ~~vil~int~~s c~'tiild sac #FiCi~ si4vii a~t~) ~hcit ~c;i~r~~t~ati^~” },Pugac'~c fittc~ kGti:~~ ;tCttrt~tc

€~ac{t f>f tlr4 ~1ark ~,s9t~ ~ar~r~+lct~~ci. ~Vvrk c~~a~}srs ineec~~rd kf+ 7"h.ì'k~t ~>,iaE~e~ ~1M~ ~~k~s~ shyayat4t~~ Irecak~ss~inm~~rx itrul~f 1+~~[n €a +v~e7~ in3aaRet~iaiely H~i#Iscsnt u~altir7~ t`nr Ictsiru~ti~~~~x(\tt K~aoz3c :1 Itt~chall,, i J3+i~.

sty ~isr€s; Fa~rtitf~t a~ij Fri unlw~t~i1 tc~ huf~~ ds+i~c;lailcEten tictirl~~~ ~~Ifi~ssast.~g~i~ik*t~tuhlliti~: ~G'i7sk•(!t~* tn~~t~N'r. [sS1C~Spca ;tlft~ kt~ltCtit.i C~tY (iiggt~cr~~,~ ~ 1M ~~hil~,ryak~. 9f tits: Kttt14 ~ittrt. 3t~(~~k1fi t~l g[t~+vin~",.

i~t~Irq~ncEcn~ c~t'tlE~ ssc~r~c,nt~~Tl~4'~arFil~Iirrrr, ~:~xtli'rrnd~~z,+rrurrr~ry ~frrt~tmtlrl~isg»~,s,c«~ ̀ sd~~

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Page 29 of 34

A~plxing t~~er:~nt ~c~n~fi#i~nir~~s ~fiudgt~t Self-(Yl~~rayerr~~ntIntrodut~a 4ha system'to parents and students In a 3, ~iSv~ {amities a ra~ord {arm or ch~:kl£st to fi~ep track ofpvsitiva way. progress,~xamp6esi, tnviS4~ t~rhily ~ zrtici~:uvon ~ntf svc:~s ~crssiE~t~ n~fits to ail

A~mily r~tcmE~+:is.2. Ccsilss3cr s[~rtii4q Qtsa'pr;;r~}r3m just ~vitti vbl~attger5.a. ~~ssri~~~ h~vrryt~a use s~i~tnar:a~~;m~nn~ F~rQr~r~~ns }^~t,~~:iE.

Hnlg fam3lles and s#ud$nts $stablish reachable goals.

~xanip~esi; Hava e;tamg~es.4f ~~hla se1F ma~ac~enicni goals fir

stu~n:~t~ such ~s ss~rtin~ ho~+~viork ~~rly~ in fife evening,ar kRapsng tram o€ b~k5 read..

2, ̀ a~'~au l5nfi~i~5 h4,vt th post avals and kiep (racy of pro~~+3ss.EilCuvr+~a ~v~srytsnfr firs i8+n, f;~9aiily fU w >r1t inn i ~:~l;

Glue famUfe~ ways to record and evaluate thaar ch[Id'Fprogress (w their own},

E;tartipdes9. [~ioide the tti~',t irixo eaiity measueed steps.2. Provide rr,~als a(gaod tivnr~s where jtrd~ments are more

difSicuit. such as in creative w~ii ng.

Encaur~ge families to e6ack the accuracy ~sf ~;udentrecaeds from #ime to tfima, and help#heir children tqdevelop'forms of self-reinfarzemenL

Escempfes1, 1-~a~,~e many checkups,tvhen stu~enTs ate #first IPaming,

~~d ferr€r I~ker.[, k3~v~ si6(ings ch~k a~;e anaikaels records,s. 4Yhera ap~rd~riatu, tesa e~;e ~kil's that sasdarzt3 8r~

s~p~str:~ i~a k~r~ ~s~vrt3c#g',iLc~ as hUme~ aXr~ ravr~rdStst~c;nt VArpxp 5Gi(~Qvhf.,:~(~~~ig roe+ttl+ th(ir Ez,•: k

~tarfcitta~ans;c~S

4. Haas stu$cnls k reinsttr m iti~,t~ vr',tli tkaoir iSniilir~s"furreviartt;nq then~srl~les (4r 3ttt~s vrel! d9i~e.

Fpr. rt'~ire ~~.aut .~'f~m ~nuyerne~nf, per_Ifma~wg%~m nEfo~yids:u~~

~.;I1 tl,I I ''~~;I~:`~. {;fil '1~1.~~~~-~, ~,_`4i~ t;fil'I'it.;l;~~(

Tn titi~ s~~tiMn Esc l~~uk at asnt~ r~!'t1G~ eliail~ti~c'~ tv ~~t9etie E~ehavi~tr~1 ap~arca~sltcs t~~ ReXtnin~ ac ~~-~Ila: sung im~rt:~~ae .riSsti€~1>€ aiis~ cavti~ans.

Beyond. B~h~via~ìsFn: ~andur~'s Chat~enge end Dbs~Ivationat Learning

Orzr:~5 s'ra~ age„ Alhcrr Bandura (1)~i1 noted t6arth~ nd'etio~eal tScEiaciocal vices-of Ic~rningItad man}' limita~i~ns. Sanv~xi~nc~ Handtoca hu krecn characcenzec{ ;~s s ncn-6chavinris~, but lrc ~~t

cr~rrcet~x~ thac IabeL

r1t ttlic dm~ n!' iti~y ~r,~~~;,ec ~~a{~nia~~;, ilta entioc IirJ~ of jau•e1~uCn~~• was be~i .•u7caU~,

~rtitni~xG wvjd+ ~~t,xi~s~f~t ~zcl~~;i.~ luea~.4 +r~1 the t~Jtc~rb~i~ci~o~~ r:f'1r~aiir~~s_ tsar 6 ti~s~ci r4

ally its site lx~har-ionl ortist~do~}•, r1c th4 time ~• rtt~al~y : II oi'tl~r tlj~ri rig MncC tsscar4is

t,~iuer~rl ~.iri ~Carnitt~ zli~i~u~;l~ tl,c ctl'cca~vt rear}i~,r~~ng+~ut~.n,cg, l~+ ri~F~ Pir+t tt~a}ter ~sra.~rt~r~ aE r~rarch,l arbu~~9 ~Rains~ Eh~ premae~• vF c~mlitimi~t~ In hti~r of'oLi~eS:~teo~ial

Icamia~g~ ia4 ~ti•}iich ~~l~,n~idter t~mit n~s~~n~ct t~or Erriiic: r~iuf~,nrmcncs ~I~riit~ d~~pmccas.oF1«rni~5~; ~,quntt~l in t'ajari;~. 2fH7Y, p, t~

In J~is~:tirly tikvxk, c~llc~I sac?al i~aan(~~ t@~eory, lii~tdura ~9mecl nue ~titip ~:cydisc6iciC4r~ t~it4~y ncn:iee;~r acrd ~6 4re~ti~7n:~1 Irar~~31~ :inc{ txncr Ez h:tr»ti5~:ind H ee1'~rmu~4r,

ENACTIVE ANR C7f~5ERVATit}M1lAi !.€4RNINfr. liviciui ~iistn~uuhcd benrcen cnictnr~i~~t va~ariu~i,, ar ~4a~n•:~ii~i~~al, lcar~;in~~ ~nartiv~ leam[~g.ic Ir~aning its-il~in~;;~nd c~c~~ HenE3n~;il~c umuqucjetn of ysour :tttii~ss. 7~iis tn~~~ su~uir~ I+E:c u~scrsaitr e.~nctitia}niut; all r,vc~ ;~;iiiv: irua

is e, n~ac, ,~~~~ the clit~ixcncc li:ec su da +~~i~h Rhe rtrlr of con4cY~urnces_ Prc~~~ncros i7i ~~Frrran'~eonditea~2iis~ Ixlicti~r tl~~t ci~riux~etcnc~ strrngcl~en or ~eraken hr€~as~iaP, ire c~saceitic i~;imit~~.



li xrv~r. tnis~}yt~cnc~~~ aye «cn ~4 Eitc~a•it~ii~g inP>Imasio». 11,yn~~4ri c~p)i~~ u~ rsirrE"orc~4t~r4s i~~e~nit ̀ stlat~ €q" rv~p~~Yt~s; bctt inst~~at3 itt,~t[It. ~pectacir~~~-a~itni~ ~sutcam~s.~—~vhas ~v~)~ Itap~~~ it~1 dc~ €hat 1xE~avic~r# Ftc ccp)airiecl chin ~uriiti~~~ in Isiv }:ar~t~ Imnk,:~~rir! Ltrr»ir g 7~itniY t1'7?F?:Ian ~fls~r ~.ua~3c, ~,a€r ia~srr6,n~.iti~ns ~?t thr s~n~~t~enscs crrace t~cp4cnri4ns, inFlut~tce moai?ati~n,:i911~ 3~~E.l~N hc~64d+ (~C~94I Ii~ir ~C~~w~~

bì~~~ii~us letraio~ is Icacnin~ l~v a~~n=ink, ~ hcrs, sc~ is ~feen ix €all~Y9 vk~~r~s~~5i4Yt11Icy rn9n~i.,E~tict~lc and animsls aan learn ~~tea(v fiyv ~k~srn~i~}; arsothcr per~~titi or animal Ictri~;.aas~ clsii Fàcc €h:dEria~cs thr lrcfe~ciarist i~r~ thsc co~uisive Eiccc~rs arc unneEr;san~ in a» cx-~Ianacian ofirirnin~, ti~~re~upl~ can 1rsrn h}'~~•ac~lriag, lirw ~nu~e Fre tc~~usini; thcir:ictcnc9«n,~t~n~tr9rc ing ir3~i~es, rcritrnitusEn~. anal}~rin~;, said aitaking t3c~isiaarts th:~c ;itl~ic Iransin~;. ̀€hus,miech is ~airs~ on nsrrr[ait~ 6e(~re Enrfnrin~cz and resnfsxrenuac can ~~~en sJ[:e ~aladc. C;ogn-ci~r ~~r~rrnsicc~t~ip,, clisei~s,cc[ ire ~hapcer 30, ;uc exan+plc. ul`+•ic~eivw learning-l~arnin~ h~~

', #~Dtti4 (V115~Tbll ficFiS,

LEAR1+JiNda Adtl~t P~RFL7RMAN~~. '!i~ ec~+lai~s saia~~ ~unitatiunt n#' ~lic ~h~sio~al eciuc~4~.[4sMslur~ aloe}'~utin~uisb~ 6en~~crn c~~~ acY~ui~ie~~n ~~f kcwwlccl~c ~Isamin~S and the ksG~n=al,E},erfurer~ancr b;~eed nas Hutt kiamw3~~lbc 4k~lcij~f~r~. In 2t~cir words. Nanclura sw~~rssc~ ch;~t }br :ell,maS~ luimt' anar~• than ̀ 4~e slm4~: t1n e~anip~c it ~'axsnd in r~iie ~f l~:andttrs's ~a~lt~ .cu~i~~ (l~J~iS~,L'~schc+t~[ chifinn sisv a fafm uF n nioiie) kicking and ~~unshin~ an nlacabl~ "}loLs~" dvl~. t3ttc~niup ~au~ c~c mocicl rrti °a~slc~[ far thr,~~rrssinn, anothc~ gr~au~ si+~~ the nia~{el punish.°~cl, ami acfiir~ gaup uitsen~*:~ na conu~gsiences. \~~hcn che}- +F`rrc tnni•ed cu ;~ room ~r~ich t3ie 1~6o rto61, theshI]d«n xtm h;~cL s~xn tki~ p~snihinp and kicl~en~; rcintzcccd,~n cEse film +Errs chc nt~c nyssi+•c.cu~ti~ard chc clulf. T'h~ts~ csh~ had s~~n dar :~tcs~ks p~uish~xi pert the Irvs~ :~sc~ii~r. 13ut whin zhachildrrn +arm p7crm iss~l rctvardsfut in~irixin~ ahc nraa3cl's a~rc~sion, d1E ui clr ni demo-nscraa~ thanchtiv had 3rtrn~~t chi lxhas°lor.

`7 tsru.6aic~t"s+rs can :il}iYt ~;cicrn5vscr. L:ven th~u};hlcvnin~ rtia}~ tw+•e c~cc~rrr~l, ii nk2}`noclx c~cm~nsuaii~t unei~ the ss'e~ea~ic~n 3s apEtirv~sr:~xr ctr chrtc arr [nc~cnci~rs m paK~~x~u.'I'liis nil~.hccr~}Lr'cn tivh~• senate sitidrnt~ d<~ri't Er.rit,rn~ "ha~6 Es:lravia~" wish a. s,4~:+riirg nr snrsekin~~. t1i~t elyryall ~r ms~3cicc~ l,~y~ ~t~l~elt~. ~~ccrs: atrct ch4 ~n~4xHP. ['~e~+~naE S+~nfcv~u~nc~s ntyp d~ee~uri~,e t1~rt~~k lic)uiLi~iEc~rr~rirs~~h~ F~cli~cv9n~r~. tee a~is~r r~~57~sk~, ~h3~~rKa n~,+)' iins~ Irarnsd hn+v t~ vv~fie thc,i~~r~,r,M~xt,l~tit ~~tr£'cr~~sj Fs~slly L,avS~~o k3ncae littc ntut~~r ~i~s~rd3iv~~iicl~t t3 Iintitccl, ui tt~sp s~iay ~ia.•s~ E~;~rc~c~l tEpvt•Est cl~i~pt(fy f~astiuri,, lout T>crCerm Exc~idti• n~~ ~ test hccaacsr tl~4v are ~nxicnic. Its tkic<c e:+.kes. tl~air

~s~t@`sthi~:1[iCa i~ nub V4 Jic~i4if~[~Ti ~)} t(lcic ~cìf~i~ag„

R~aid,jri E:~o~•Ecicc~ yin aliF~~satie~ [o R~s~ E>ek;+~ì~cil tFi~e~~i~. of Fhc time. F1E~ ti~~t~ c~~in=

u~! u.> he t1~.-EI~a~x{ sacml~ ,~,rn,`~.s~ t~KrvrY--o~f~ of the nt~rx~ iuli~~ccs~~i1 fihcuriex,~f I~,~rni~tgiknc!hsrrt~vatic~t~ 'in c~l~a,~:xti~~,,:~i E ~', lu,i~,~~~ tnt~;ty, ~~f~ i.il~ ds,~c)te f:l~}xtgr 1 (tr>;~ tti_~ser IcN~K 5t u~ia~togt~iti~~~ c~xc~.iy

Grit~~isms of ~eh~viarat M~th~ds

This c1inE~ccrga~~c yo~~ an a4•crvicnv of sc~~eri1 ~tctccpics fs~e clian~ng rlassr~oni bcl~asior. Ft~~cr~~rtt~~ou should 4>e m;~ruc chic ch~^ses5ru~~ic's ;ire Gaols tfrar can lac u~ad eiclirr cxsPonsilat}' or irrc~pc+nsi-bl~, ~1flsae, t~tic~~, atrc ssiiuc i~tstcs r~~~t i1au~~ld k+~~+ in mind'[ )1~ File you th ink ~trartir tksur;~nsiirr ea the.St~~i c: l7iirtk qu~..ciun; l~sk +t~ phi 1'rrirrt/Gureerrrc~aioir Slv~r lrt 5'rtictrr~tr lf~~ Itertvi~r~r.~/or l~rr~r~riirg?

can chc ncxc pt~e cc sc~ nt~ r3itl rcnr pers~cciv4s. T'rnperl}` e~sce9. ~hc strac~~is~ iq chis cteapc~r fanbe etiee:tit~e t~?uEs c~7,h~~8Et stuctenU It~icn atsdriuiC:~11}' Ana ~ceiu• in .~1tsuR~cècncg~. t:l3c~cc yr c~~[i,(~4~ r do nay ;tua~n~a[i~.~fl}~ pe~astc~ execdl€nt ~s•c~i~:, arr~E bchnvi~r-;i1 s~ric.~;i~ acc ~,fic~r ins~lc-iuco[rcl ha}alivarci[~; 9n~Qnsisten~3v..LsGcnrRcilp. of s~~rl7ei;~9y (l.:tiuctn:ni $t [v-~al~e~iaa, ~ltt}fs)_The 3ndi~e]nitnats 4jse~fsnti:n ih~ ka.~[ tual~ tan trail Ea+ili3lcuEii~~s.

5~'+;7f' ~ TE~!lh~K Rur:nc~ your ~~~i eni~rvieu; the ~ir~nsi~,al ~ski~ "A R~c~ch~r lair year gai i~rtintit>1e f~i; ~irz6irtc~ (pis students ~t~ith homeriork exem~tians to ge them to ~sefxave in €4ass_b'rhak. r4o y~ocs tlfrnk ak~o4it 4~~i~~ rewars~s and ps~ni$hanents in teac~is~~~" W~~~ iii&I ycn~ say.>



1411,1 ~~,C{lij ~~ • ~ ... ',1^~tl / ~t ~{~e`~~`~4i .~: 1 ~'~

~f~ll~T/~(~UnfT~R~~Ii~T5f~uuld ~tuci~n~, 3e 3Ze~~,~~,~<ie~] ~a3 ~ ear~3ir~cj'?

FQ~ years, ~d~;;ate~s ar;d ps}~~hol,Qgi~~ hav= da~ated r~nei€~Qr

st~cJc~its should Fig niviaaclvci iar schoolvtork a}~+d acac3omic

a~an~F Iisltirr7e;~ka~ Ir, the ~~riy 1 r"~3.g~ Paul. Cf~aai~e h~~i ltlfi~:

ha3~ii cix~hayn~e! ca€~%~tion;in s~r.~[;ral i»tias cif f'n; Arft.~ Kt~~~xan

CCti~ayes. 7~1, f~92.1993t Ko~en,14?3). Tttca,'.11:dy Ctrrideon

e~rd G4! David Ficrtc~ tf44b} ~u{~Ii~1)ed ~~7 araFw~~ on eciri~Qrcc-

went ira the ~'ev avr ~~ €d acationa! fiesea~cit Chat precfp~tate~

extensi~~s ctitdcs'sms and re~ultaEs fn the ~~me jaur~at #rom Mark.

Capper, tvtarkKeavney. ~~ichaef fl~ake,l~?fie Kof~n, Richard Ryas,

and EeNrarci Ceci (Kahn. 1966; Leppef Ke$vr~ey, Fe Q~alf~ tY46,

R. M. ftyvr~ & t7a: a~ 149E~. A3ai7y ~i Rh€ 4u~7i~: ~€~~i?e Uxc~~~iic~~~

c~~i>~7i~int in th i NS`r✓t~a~jk_5r~: i r~4 n~SUr; of ~sy'cJto'rc~ic~(At+lt~tirjc

~C}t^~v, Kt+~S:s~Ot, E~ Ry4t~, 9994; R. ~isit5k~rr~j, Pi4t~~, & ~mertUea~

74~75'~. Whit arc ika arrnimsnts~

C I~~ ~SEudents eru punished by rsw~~ds, Alf~o Kafin

X19931 ~ry4as, "~+Ppkied ~Zthauior~snt, which arnoun2s to say-

ing, "cla 4his arr:~ youÌS gat that," is essa~tialEy a technique {ar

contza€ling peo~fe: lay the cias~oarn it is a ~v~y+d# doing th ~5gs

to ~hil~3re~ rathc:t:thF~n ti4a~in~ tv;;h ti~~m" (F.:7B~). Hu ~on-

~~r]~.5 tfx8~ t~.Vtdtf~S RfC ~flCi~~CIiV@ ~7t~$U~ t4~1g~1 ~~K4- ~?fai5~

sere F~r,3cs s~b~, ~hra ta~r~7~vio~s scc~~ zae. Aft , ~~54~1y~~~~~ 12&

ateedfvs of ~xtri~i.;~ swords, ~dw~rd 6acs, Riehar~ Kaostngr,

find Richard Ryan (1449) tone~ud~c~ tkt~t "t~n~ibl4 tv+~~~rds

t8atd to Rave a 5u6stanti3l eff3ct ott intrinìC motivatiocs, vriih

the ~irritirzq corditiatis we have specified. weir when tangibly

ievtards are offered as indicators' ~f gaa~i pciPor~a~anC~, tiie~

kgpfca~ly de{rease inirins4e anotEvatii~z~ far fntcr~stlnc~ activities"

qp~: 652-654j.

THt; ~r~i!>itarr; tuft{t ravtt rcla tttx;~ rt~S $te~i hrt~. ~~ehttiriz~

tr3 K«Fi~S, r~3iv?t~irtg cit~~caats 1t~r i43rr~ir,~ :~;:tE~[~Ity r~a~;Us =tt~nt

lc~s it~;vrested in the ma~~eri~l;

/11~ qE Ehis rn~an~ tltaf a~r3~{ii5g ~hEldr~n t4 4hink ~k~c~U#

iearxiing ~s a hr~y tci reerr v~ a stir ter, a gold star, car ~i

g~ ~£t~c» uv~r~ «'trrsi~. t~ q~i ca~~;auy Qt ~~ try fs r sf gc t~fi~,

tifiich antrs~~i4s tt~ an ~xi~in5~; mativ~lck fps 5n cxtrin5=c

anaiiv~t6t=s +kely 16 ture~ le3rnin~ {som an en[1 =r~to

means, i~eaminc~ becc~;es somathirg tha3 must 6e got-

ten 9hrtzugh an cutter to rQcaiv{ t9~~ revrard. Take trio da-

~rzssist~ly ~i~uya~~v~ program by erl~ich chl[~lae~r fs~aive

~~!ti5itakes fQr p7zzas whgn tlifiy ha~~z read a certii~s nuifi-

~3t c'~ k€, ;~~5?s~~ N;~F~c~~l~ oaf tls~ UiSivt;~i,y a~ lliin~i~

Page 31 of 34

rommeots, only fialf in jest, that tliu likely cons~uence of

d~'rs proc~tam .s "a lot of iat $s'd t=1h4 "dat~'t fik~ tt~ zead."

[t~14B, ~: 965?

~~~~~1`~,l~~ Lttaming shaold be reward

fng. Ac~cr~in~ It Paui [~ance (1493):

BQS?~uioral psy~ha~rx~sFs in padicul~t a:m~ahaz+ze that

ism I~~sn by acting on oue o~viroriment. ;As 9. 1', Skinner

~,ut at_ "~Pe~Ple} acc on the ~tro~~d, at~d changR it, and are

changed in #uraro 6y t1~e cons~uences of tF~~ir a~#`sz~~fs."

Ski~ai~a, ua~lr'~c~ K.tSk~, cnd~~strs~ Sf~t ~~pie I~srr1 !Jt'4k

In i respon~sv e~tvirar~mpr~t. T4aslt~rs wI?p pr5~se ~r oth~

rievtiSc n3v.;3i~f Strat~e,•r1t ~Ntt~orrt1~cicn. ~ro•vid# xta~iti 5n ~n~n•

r4airtts~na. , , ~ lFit i~ iirims~ral tv fc~t ;;tc+~~ctis krsn'w thssk tt;ive

ort~~retc.~ quRstivns torreGtiy, #a5 pit students on the balk

for a good effort, to sltcaw joy at a students uct~erstanding

of a cgnet~pt, a; to iecognize tho achie•Jcment bf a t~oai

ley prav~adin~ a gald star ~r a t~rtifizat~-i€ this is im~raaal;

then coainc r~ie a ~;nnef. {p. 788}

i~o rebvurds undermine ineera4t7 In their s~vie~v 9F ra-

search, ~am~ro~ and pierce {@S~~Sy cancli dad, "Whin tangible

rasrards (~.~}., gold star, mtaney) are o4(ered ccsatiiingent on per=

famianca an a task (~nS )u~t ~n ~3~rliri~~tipn) 4r are r3~livered

~ine~p~ite,~ty, ~n(r~~7si~ ~ao~ivation Is rnaintatn~d" {p: ~q], In -aI,~Si.r foYinw n~ enSe`5r~he R: ~i~'~2~rc~ ~tjr~ ~~illd~3Gt~~ {1444).

ad~i~:cf ~Rcxrz~rci F>roe~diri~~s rc~€{x~itin~ s~>c~ific f~~c~fi s~~k F~orf~t-

m~5nty cc~nv~?y ~i ta>+s~ pers4n~l ~rsoe~l ~ignifita~ce, ra~r~:ts=

iRg irtrins~ rncstivavoh" (p, b77}, Ewen gsyth~logisis such as

~rfvtard Decl and Mirk Lap~r kr~tb sugga~t iti~t reviards might

undermine (ntri~szc rr§o~~vation agree that r~uards pan alsa 6e

u;ed positively. VVh~n rewards pro~sde stu~eats vrith infer'

rYtr~t~un al~~vt t~~i~ gra,vnayg rn~5ttry ~?~ ~ fiu~;a~t ~r ~,~,~+o tl~~

re~r~aarets sl7~wa~~:r~~iatio~ for a jal~ vr~fl eliyrie, thin the ra+var~f,

L elSiF,t ~trtfi#i h~4 :irFC~ r~~kx the tis~k mnr~ i,ltr3r~+gi3~~y (~ tbi>

sicnts, espat~;slly siud~nts4~haa la~:~~ ~bi4ity Ur in4s~rast in kho

ta~}i initiatiy. Ptoti~inc~ 3ucceecls lik4 s~xtKrs>; i4s Chance pviiit3

oufl, Sf studarzts master tea~irsg or mathematics ti•~ith the su~rp~oct

of er~vtarda, they 4viil eeot forgeE;vhat they have learned cti3run

{he ~ralsrr ~i~~s. Wp~rld titQy Jiawc Igarnect witfi~~t Che r~s4arcls?

Same vroulti, t,ul sarrle rsriyht nit. Wavl~l you ccayti~5ue warki~:g

fr3r ~cir~t~ ~y tk~t cf ln't ~5ay you. 4~+cn t~~oug~~ you like c! tFi~



+: la~~r~r,,-k :r Ise ~- _ : , ..~ ~ ~ :~~r~

tivct{t? Wiil ircaal~~ca writar Alfic KaI7n, €crr thaq matte , tbw inter- gat gging, persist, practiiri, or resist distractions, than re•~~rar~s

Deft fl writ R~ bc7~au~ ha gets jsald {ergs and royaltte~? could hems sup~eirt Chflia,ef#prts.

S~4N,Af~E taF ~~THERIC~R

Ask ~aiy ox~vnenca~ [$~ch~r rnd yt~u ~viH iinc3 kFtat C~vrur~= h~v~a plaee'cn the ciassrgcm, #n fact„Idfe tar dasssorms ought to ~e

"r~wanlinq^`:experiences. FAany Qf #hsrs~ ra~raac~s~ame nazueaLly

1viSh Icaresin:; anf! isnitrr~ a mQtriS~cr of th±> rl~ss~~nm ccrminunity.

But ~~i~r~n' ~c3ni~ sti~el~saks nrrad. extra ~Cza,;etur-~ r~i inc:en#rvcs tv

Saurec. Frans "Stic~ki,~;c~ U~ For k+wi~rc#t;” try P. Ch~~xi; ,~unc F9~13,Plsi t?a=ta K~~~r: ~: ~J7—ICU: 4:~~iyt~~jF~t ~ ~'I~3 ivy ~ti ~?irlt~tKa~ar~~ Repnnt'd ~'t!+ ~.r~rn7~y'nn 4{Phi t?i~lt~ K.j~pan ~r~~'t~eau#M~f ~rat~r '`keivarri ~ r ,~ ~~ arrdiag~ A N~s~or~~ to Fa;~! C~sat~ce, °try A. PE~,'In„iUro 1s4~~ S'+~ L~IsaKap~n, Vii, X&3~sn{!%~,~'`~'3'n!3~7t~ (9~srar.i r,. Kc~h?~. Rfl~~rntcs'jfr~•pE~hoAs~(~K~Fp~n._. __.yv"thtna~ufh<J'fpc~m ;ion.

S~atts ps7-shcelcr~iats f~:ir tlizt c~~tird nR stiudrrit~ fist ap lrarni2i~ ~uiJd r~~~sr diem to fa>c inteieat

in learning-E't!r its~.sn s,~~:r (Deti. 195; [)€~i 2i lt}^~n, 19~5~ ~iohn. ~'3Ji,t9`X,~t~ In3~E~r s~'(;rni~r. t9it~t Lc~+per, [~rar~zc?, t4 C3r~ke; ~~4'J(i; Ct, bE. R}~n ~k' i)cci, t49(i~. Said a ltiasw xu„-

ficsic~E thae sizing ~ti trxl gana,rams ti~~~th st~advnts rrho are alr~acly inesnstcd in i{« su6jrei ma~t~r

ma} in t;i~t, s iu~ icis~l~ntx to krs I~zs i~~tcr~sscel in slit-suErji~;a tivh€n the rexa ~ ~,x,~san1 ci~Js,at Y-at'~ sa+vin ahc {~inttt'ouri~.'rpc+irre~ 1~5 :a.~dirinn. sanez: 4-vidcmce iiSclicu~ rf~aE ~at~isin~.s[~ieient~

tQr EKui~ incetlg~~s~ 3ti~hen sl;f~~iuccrr~l isn iusdcr~i~enc their m~cipatinn iE ~tirti {I~ n+ai perinnn~t tier(! chi eecai tii~~e; Aiicr c$diry~ fail, snic~rti[s 4cl~u hatf 6ecn ~,rai~tt$ far bcin ; ~m~`c aniy~ he l~~s~prni~cetu ,yaxd ~4jc>~ the msk fens eaynt~aair~f t~ sh«lenu tvhu 6.~d I~~:n pr~tisrd ~:~diri lest +aTir~i»g}yard th4ctsll~r ~t I~ts~k; l±k~)S}.

ju~4a~ }'~s~ rnu~-t cake into uci~~uiac c3tr ri'fecss ~rl ~ r,.~s~cx! i} vicem o~c cF~e iirodi4~ici~ta(, t~oeur~ii~taf~~t c«nvc3er iss infpac,e „2E uohrr;r.:den~~. L~;itti~ a rc~t,Aril fir ~~ r,aat ears;i4~ina oqe sei~draic ii~crsi~r+!

pit ntiirn ~i1u~F 1~ati~P;~ ctce~iit~~n~al rtls~cc QTr daz beher'sns~lrni: i~E rizr~l;~c,miiiri: l~ i¢ jrassififr tea[c~th~t.~tu~Eenc ~s~U[ Irin Su Ix "1>,it~" in u~~Y ctr br in~-luii~c6 En chc reivvcj ~ir~tuu? 4(gsc t~C~h

e+;i~taacce ern eFris gtceszinn su~,«~a chap u+iii~ in~li~~i~laga3:~~i:aErc;~ciunc such as eeuHnt pr~~rsnrfi d+

~ic~t Irai~r ,tny= ~il~~~tsz i[ti:~c> sin .Fu~lzncs wh,~ arc n«c p:~r~3clEraE3n~ if i3~u ttuhrr helicw~ in e3~cpr~tirtnf :u~~l ~zpf tin+ chi rc:t5ucv {oF usinb 1a ~u Ehe aun~>: rtici~acinh ssu~t.n~c, r#tire inteairic tiiiS~j)R snic~e,3ca in ~r.~cics l chwt~~la tr, t;n+3p^ C¢~11; unci F'rvi~'.;niith t 1+}'}51 cc~naeKlrrl, _~[cit~tcrs isd;1}~~,~ r5bort~ ctin~ee~itc~ :t~reEG ~cju:e!- cec~c,~c~tc ~d'k~utic~t~ [Fran sc+~aec~rs see” ~~a. 41'ta3: li Ghe ct5n~luccc,f.e~nti .+tu~ec~ cl+i« wr:~~ai [~f dcccaisar~cc tv~en their pcer~ aec• inv~ilretl 3oi tit~~cul ~}c<..~ r.~n~:, ~riuii}~

+~f e1~ ~n~e pri~cedu~Fc dfs4e~cal Ss'tl~t~ ehaEz[et slti~~uEiJ i~eC~+ cti~tin r~4ucrs ~u }~c:1;.Fus aevGis of.~p}~mpr~,ste EicHiti9or (Clre~cc~ t~7?2: l9~ 3).

Etltic~t Issnes

'(lid ~c1a'€r~l s~ucs~ic~tts r~) ufcl s~* t~Ec its of#hs ~trzt~~,itK ~les~:rik~~3 i~ th s~l~np~er;ts4 ~,inxllctr t.' t13~wraisti~ ~}^tny )lKri~s~h.et swcl~t ter ii~i~t~ctire plc. ~kr}iqt aiv ehc ~i~lk~ Hair ~3t~ t~lese ge9ls fit ++~itl~

s~irzx~ ~t`t~i~~ehc~€~! ~.r:~ tvJ~vlr? ~Yll~ae cll't~t ,t~~~ll a asrat«~'~' ~fa.•r oi~ tlts ins3svi~tui~~ iu~~+xlv~.> is e<.s~natc~h c~ant~al ~rin~~i+~sp~ ~~ ~lE~ ta;~l~~r, 4r c~-a majciricy~

Gt~K1L5. 'too{ 3er 7~~ ~9~ : d~~,,4re1~3 it7 [~tis clsd~)tte rtiri~li~ ~t~pj~(~3itd i:J;fi1~w€it~tl~" to t~~ii1~, wt~«~t~ftuii# 3ti11. ~':d~ tltear {airrtt~: liy~lasK ~~~;~kiR~, ~i4d t~ss~,i'srt ~itettt:it ajl ptly4~f tii~t~ (~~Y+iftct5 ~'~~~ink~rti'~P?l.'I'l~i~ c~tt~inlp'+~•nsJc( Qx arE ietrsRtxlc-d ~F~s of ihc? ~e~hnisE~~ , it ~a tnoc Rift a Se.~t1~4~ ~as~tkSciY~ Eu e,{t:+~5~i~~j 1~s»1rt ta?~a, mxtifii~n ~Iitc~ ntt~ef, ~ac[t Si~~~iinK ~riiaa jl~ipt~fvefY}ct~i~ i~ c~~nt~f4<R ~~•~~~

nt~t cu~nrc xa'xct~eoi~• Irzgni«g. C7rE shs tanc~c hat cf, in r~7inr aiu~ ~ti+ins. r~ind`tses,iiag ,ic~dc~ttiir a4:i~l:sin;i; Ec.,c~ to 't~n~~r+mnie~3ts i~a ci+tS4E.uct. ~lthedev4~` F~ki~Ic t<~,~hsf~ rk~.c~siltl zi~a~~lis~sart~}~plj~intfic s~ratE~is~ to acatfe:a~it lisnriit~, Ac,~drnuc i~»grovc~utetta geuctai za to utl5er sist~,atis~lts"~~1~rc

suste~hitly tlsus tics changes 3n cl:~smuin ~.-~ndiitc,

STRATE~,~E~, t'~,nisl7~itrcatt c.5~~ 3aarc ri~~tttia-~ ;~1c rt~'~:t~ It can ~cnx ,u ~ r3eiic~l d«r a r~~,s ~°c'.~Ex3~~.u~, :i3~~ ~F ctn ~~~4tiFu~.~yc arc Sitar ~i~SUFienal r~:i~ f eons- E'aeni.bf~~int is ua~ti~+:#,,+sry t~Y~4l et~ti~

https://www.dawsonera.com/readerlsessionid 1481620258028Iprint/view/false?print... 13/12/2016


~i~ ~Islt I II ~ ., :aF.~t'~ / 11'c',~'i ~rli~!

trncthitial trl)Fii jni:iti~~~~E~pe<tYc1i.'~, ~~hisli 1s~trrt I~~•rts ~~+~es»eiail tiu~~~r~, ryri~)it 1ti<~rk as ~vEll. CY111~t~sz~~pfsi,lc;~4~restricti~•s j,r+,c~l«fcs taif~ t~rsn i~s~tc ~„i~~,li~~Ir,~l ptzh~~durc~.cl;~r~~lzl l,c tri~.I.

it xccnied c+m3idr~'~tio~~ iii dtc :<~I.~tioet of ~ ~trttt~ • i+ the ii»~~ast n}'the vtrttcg}• nn ahc inili~ti-islsi~.l a-tucicnt, 1=~~r c~,»s4 t4, s~t~zc tia:l~en arran~;~ t«r t~~ t~nss tc~ 4~ rc+canc4ecl cat livn4r with a fitsiu s}~t.'t.~i ardt•iaie. 4i3~cc1 ~n ~,zurct isis~i. iii schuaC. LSttt iF a ~tucicnt h:i. a hisrorg Vii' lic n~ s~~yrcl}~E4~inith~~st at hnzrtr I+~r lsa~ r.~x~rts krom s.l»!, a hooa4•b~.1es1 rcinlilrtrna4nt ~arr,~ram n~i~,lu hr v+~r~.h trmttd s~ chat student, ltepntcr c f tonxlii.~acroe~~ ~Snigtc+~i at sc~4,ja) rcwld Ce~d to inec~~aur~ ah~eas home.

ehavioral Approaches: I.es~ons fnr '~~ache~s`C`here is ~rtac i1i4•cni[g in the lrarnin~,l~Lirorit~ of atudcnts. Gvcry pctsott in ~~ui class'~ti~iil consccp ~~u ~airh difFtnoc fear and an~c ics. Jomr scu~ncxan~y' be ctrtiFicti of sptaltinn~ ist public ~rof failing at €antpccic'iti~c spars. C)ch~rs yvil7 he ans"cr~ui around variaus anin3als. 13itiinnc arm~irir~ar abjt~cs ~vil1 u•nz ;u ~tin~aitfir$ far s~r~sics~u~encs, hu[ ni~c cschrr. tignic smdcni~ ~s~ll ~io~k for~hr pronalx ofy,~wd gradc~~,ilrrrx ct u1,~ ian• its. Aif s-rf}'~~tic ~tu~tcncs stiitl hitic I..imcd dil3if~ncUclsaviprs in choir hani~-€, nci~;hl~~rhui,~s, ehurcft€~, ve iomtctunici~s,

7 tre er>~ar~h ;inct ehsuric~ peaenecd in c~i~ ~ha~+eer clii~utd help y~fu uneEcr>~n~td h~SctiT thelr,~tnin~; hlsci~rics hl` voucs~uttectis u~Cfilrs Icit~r ~a~~iit chrm so rc~Ex~ud au[up~adc:t8~~-tG [~~ xF'it15st+~~ay Jti:ilnu add cartn~ h~Jrc,-~Nec:(pil el-a~xitfl c,~ndiii~»in}~ ~c ~,~u~k_ ̀ I'hrlr 1~irni~~r h3~4uric*4mi~f~t h.tra tneluJcd L-rin~ rel~7Ciecev~ fur ~~c~~cefrec, ur I~r ~w~liining--~~uccnt aunditi~~nittig ;stn~prk. ~t`Fic ~lt.~~cc ~a~ Koak in :c ~~cs~~r iS~A}~ I.~ ~ r~i~ti5~~~r }t,t u~i~~jc att~~~9~t~ stnc~ z~ ~ u,~i~htif I'r,:er~t1~~~a. its~'ncmt~tr, ~vE~rr ~1~oFK4!'t~e u~~r,uu~fenr nr;~}~ no,t be tigiu.ti7r vmsf~hcr: rtn~l3tS~ilctitc pus ~~e"tt~c~ ~[I~a~sgf 7 ~intc~ 3~lin~; ~ (i9ittfnt~rn3 4'~~r~s'~sn t)scit' RN~knt~v iF fhrfi ̂are UrcrUu ~,

~~YC'ti ~f76UkE1 i't717i .~(Ui4CI1tti R'{II ~(~Il'i' tii:lfl5' (~~~~~'R ltt ~CdFlt~~lb' hl%tU~ii.?. i'1C(~ ~tC'~{f i75C

c~u,•c~ena~+~pd~s~~sE~l~:s tli.~t a~(~I}- tc~ ill pc~,,~,1k:

1, h o ana cad rh~ rrpcacs l~riravir3n elrar hasc b~~t~n Fwnishcal ~~r ~;n~rr~l.'l~ ich~u[ a~aror ~cnx o{pr<s~r~3, i~ is c~it~tvli qty peris~.

2. V~+I~en ~~cit~~t; l~atl c~ cgitu~~teecic~ char are ~tsrsicit fc~r ~ha 3~cr~~r~s 3m'n[eeci. ~auars~cit~ns errlil:cly c~i be zcpr.3uv3.

3. 'liaclern ufrcr~ f.1i! ru ua~ r7tifoeccnunc cu nrc7gnizc :i~~piu~riiat~; ~chavtcir ih~e• rcxjwn~instead w iu~pian~Frinci Lxhaci~sis, santczim~~ proc~idin~ r~infi~reing:ic~cntEun 3n the ~+rcrcrs3-

~_ l~ [x iti:tic~~tir prix c~iusc 1H; a >lnc~-r~ ncu~nnici~ti yl~a rtsl aceuniptish~r~enr_5. \\+lsarc-i~sr ct~cir ctrtycnc It~~rl j~f fim€r€ariir~, studehc. case I~°a~ir ro Gfi nsc~rcaclf.~tanz~in~-

~~~ u ~ ' ~_'p ~-°~~- ~.~ - - ~- ~~ - ::~:

Understaiidint~ Learning (pQ. 2}is—~84)

Whit i~ (o~r~tir~g? t`~Itlrr~i ,:h tl7 .,-i>: ~ ,,err=, n{~~n~4 tl~r,

clz~~iriEt~rsn ~1f kA'irnmr~, ~tt:~st ~^,~~~i(~t ~rarr~~ t~~~t ILarr~i~+t~~cr~i~ tr~jr_n c~~triersc+: c~l,,cs: s -~hari~~ =n 3 ~~r5«ta's

knatir e~c~~ or it ee{tav ~r. ~~vantjsil ~ m~l}~ caused br matu-

ra43~ra, ~li~is~, f~;(~:~~, ni hu:r~~.'e :;i~ ~nci~;:~e~ iee~sr a ~~e~-

Fral ;tee{iritic~n s~f ~earrtin~, f ~ ;f~ ~, ;I jf~~.arisz's <n,~,f- ~.>,z~ti7e qel? ~f aiaYirvu;n~nt~~: -;r ~ i~iii i~~ i~aa,in~ ap~iJ fr~~~.;; Un

~~er~biSVii~ 2~~i;CiY ,.~~e~ r~."F~ r c_s ,'.i:ri i. ~ r y~ Ir ~il,~ .~ ~~s;~-

ee,~.rw' a ~ I~ ~i~. ,.~ n~~,i~,fty f -tuup,~, ,Iii : oI = . ii i r1I^.~~,

~3~~~v,*rrt _ r~~ Rr~s~ iii, ;grit, r I » ~„~tie~. a i~[eru nU~

~ar1y Explana#ions o{ Learning; ~ontigufty anc! ~ias$ica6Corsdi~oninc~ {pp, 280-2~~p

Haw ci~os ~ n,~+~tf~tl stFmul~ b~;G~rri+~ a CS7 Sn ~~3vsic~i

~,~nz i~ic ~~~;~ s.';i~:1~ o rai_rr,~=' r~'; ”, (r~:~~ ~ ~s~~ r~.. hly~

1!s t, ~'.., ~ t~.~. 1 ~ f=_ nL'iflj~~ ~ ~u : ~ .x ~.-~~nrii'u, ;at~i

tav7ices ae~ er~,r~tionol o- p~-~y_c+l€_i~al cs~a~s~s~, Lat~r~ iii

(Jlvb'irll_+~}" tiE lFta if _iktt7tU~ll5 ]j0€2r. .~Y~a~~-'S k~iry r¢Sf>C~ftSr?_._.

i6rs~ (s, dh~ nr~triinl ~trmulu; is Ean~ìrib~i~d to brla~~ fcrtls a

CE#, TI7:: rti~~r:-sl sti:it~lu~ ~~a•~: tak~~s:ri~ a 4~~.

VJhiat per, aamo-av~irydvy ~?x~~a~~~~~ of cl~~~I~~t Bondi=

tianio~7 Fiu.~ nr~ ,ti (~:tiv; alb yt~ur ~tivt~. s,~l,~ratinq wahe~i



~,' .~u i,.-_,ri~ f .i , t- ~e3 , .0 hear .,

J~ 'i, t„ 14'I~:~r d

~5,.~~ ~~ ~r~t ~~r~tlit3aa~~rt~, T~yi1i~ h ~~,ti, k~„~,r,~i~r~,~tis

~p}~. 2~2-~8$p

What defiitc,~; ~ cc~n~,tin~~~~r~c; as ~ r<~inf~rc.,r7 A

~Ftl~'r~~is3~~ ~ -~ì~:tc~ to '.."•,':.~r '-~ r_karrr ;:t. ~: ~,~rl

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(~~,<tivu P~~nf~~SnrrEnt}'F 7vrt~t~~Ei c~nf~r.~,~3 ti•n~h p,~ni~#t.

nr~~r~_ Mo~v ~r~ tka~ry d~fi€~r~rtit? Tf ~ ~ , ~ ,.~ _; . ~ ,,,,

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~dvr ~~sn yolr chsa uY,icj • Fi~aii :~~nt~t it , G•s E,ovi-5r~ .~~ ~

ii~lh~* is tha d"€f#er9rtce b.,rvree~a~ cua~ ~nt~ ~ {~Yam}~t~~i,r~rs

14 a r ;_~~le ~_ ~.t t~<<r:,~a - t.. ~~~a~iue is

tlr _ ...i „i - - .. ~~ i~ i_t .. ~ i~'• ]eft

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k srt#~n+~ ii ~~ ~t~gc~t6~~-r tea Apply Aga{ant ~a~nditicnirtg;Atpp~.~d i~~+havi4~' Ar~.;Iy~s tRP• 2~8~~ 7 ~j

WFsat are the sf~~rs i~a a~ap9te~3 heh~vtoe ana~ysis2

t~i LILzI~I,~r4r l.l~At i'. {~etli~t •F ~~ ~~. F~.ST~5~'.I~ ~t~L~ p~~FT

-.,, > >~~ ~~ _, ~_ , t ~~ ~a G-s~~ ~,~

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~tt~r~[€vti i~ ~ ~:c~v;zr~~ci aa.r~f~~rr ~~.~ . _ . if r ,~~c# s~rpr~inr,

~4~ ,fir r.~r~ >~p~r~ t p~+::.t kc~ t~€~;~~vr,~its, L~rrt ~ ~ r.,c -a~S~J "s~t~~ar~

Page 34 of 34

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C~~5eri6~ the ntarsag~rial s rat~g(es s~f gr~up cs~~tse-

ge+~~tQs„ €oniin~ency cuntra~ts, and #uke~ pra~rxms.

i ,~,r1~y ~ 'z :_die _. c ~. _ t . ,'f ,. ,.. ~:~ i~.~

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.~ . ~,l- i.. i s ~,, ~ _„i,_i t _~.~ .

t~:arr~Gmsae~r~ry .~p~licati~r,~: FuncEional Seha~~fa6#~sse5sment, F~ siriv'e Bey}avioY SU~pa~,end ~~s1#-i~fana~goment4pp~ Z~~-~~~~

Nadv cad FBA. anti PE35 (?c used xa irnpegv~+ ~tu~l~nt

hchav'raT~~ tIt t ~ .lr~ FEIN, a ~~ac) ~ -~ 4. ~ r a:~4~G~,F'

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