Presentation & Analysis of Data_By_AbuBakkar Marwat

8/14/2019 Presentation & Analysis of Data_By_AbuBakkar Marwat

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Presentation and AnalysisPresentation and Analysisof Dataof Data


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IntroductionIntroduction

The devices collecting data oftenresult in massive volume of data.Simply by looking at unorganized

data we can not deduce any results

from data instead we may getconfused.So we need to organize and

condense data into a shape that

can be readily understandable.For this purpose techniques like

Classification, Tabulation andGraphic Display are used.


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ClassificationClassification

The process of dividing a set ofobservations or objects intoclasses or groups in such a way

that:Observations or objects in the

same class are similar.

And observations or objects ineach class are dissimilar to thosein other classes.


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Graphical PresentationGraphical Presentation

The visual display of data in theform of points, lines, areas andsymbols is known as graphical

representation.


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Advantages Of GraphicalAdvantages Of Graphical

PresentationPresentationDiagrams are more attractive.Diagrams leave long lasting

impression on the mind of reader.

They make data intelligible at aglance.

Comparison is easy using

diagrams.An old proverb A picture is worth

thousand words.


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Types of GraphicalTypes of Graphical

presentationpresentationGraph is a representation of data by

continuous curve usually shown on agraph

Diagram is any one, two or three

dimensional form of visualrepresentation.Graphical Presentation

Graphs Diagrams

Linear

Area

cubic

Pie

Pictogram

Histogram

X-y Graph

Frequency Curve


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Linear DiagramLinear Diagram

Commonly known as bar graphs.The values are represented by

one dimension only i.e. length of

bar.They consist ofsimple bars,multiple bars and component

bars.Bars can be vertical or horizontal.


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Area or Two DimensionalArea or Two Dimensional

DiagramDiagramArea is proportional to the values

being displayed.

They are good for displaying data

for data values havingmoderately large variations.


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Area diagramArea diagram


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Cubic or Three dimensionalCubic or Three dimensional

DiagramDiagram

They are in the form of cubes orcylinders whose volumes areproportional to the values they

represent.They are used where variations in

data value are very large.


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Pie diagramPie diagram

They are in the form of circles andsectors.Angle / Area of sectors are in

proportional to the values they

represent.We use them when we need to

show the contribution of individualitems towards the total.


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Multiple BarsMultiple Bars

A multiple bar chart shows two ormore characteristicscorresponding to a common

variable.To bars are grouped together.

This is a good way of comparing

two or three type of information.Example are imports/exports of a

country , production of Products

and consumption of Raw


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Component BarsComponent Bars

Bar is divided into two or moresections, Proportional in size tothe component parts of total

being displayed.Each part is shaded differently.

Component bar charts are used

to display data whereaccumulative and percentages ofthe parts are known.


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Production Data of a weaving unitProduction Data of a weaving unit

Date Shift A Shift B Shift CTotal

Production

1/4/2009 1200 1000 1300 3500

2/4/2009 1600 1400 1500 4500

3/4/2009 1300 1200 1200 3700

4/4/2009 1200 1000 1300 3500

5/4/2009 1600 1400 1500 45006/4/2009 1300 1200 1200 3700

7/4/2009 1200 1000 1300 3500

8/4/2009 1600 1400 1500 4500


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Simple Bar GraphSimple Bar Graph


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Multiple BarMultiple Bar


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Component BarComponent Bar


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Component BarComponent Bar

(percentage)(percentage)


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Scatter GraphScatter GraphCapacitor Discharge Rate V =

10e-0.5tTime t, Seconds Voltage V, Volts

0 101 6.0653065972 3.6787944123 2.231301601

4 1.3533528325 0.8208499866 0.4978706847 0.3019738348 0.1831563899 0.111089965

10 0.0673794711 0.04086771412 0.02478752213 0.01503439214 0.0091188215 0.00553084416 0.00335462617 0.00203468418 0.001234098

19 0.00074851820 0.000453999


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Scatter GraphScatter Graph


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Scatter with line andScatter with line and

markermarker


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Frequency DistributionFrequency Distribution

The organization of data in a tableshowing the distribution of data intoclasses or groups with the numberof observations in each class or

group.Class Limits are defined as the

number of the values of thevariables which describe the class.

Suppose we have collected datawhich falls in the range of 1 to 50.then we can define the class limitslike 1-10, 11-20,21-30,31-40,41-50.


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Class Boundary is the precisenumber that separates on class from

other.Class boundary is located midway of

upper limit of a class and lower limit ofnext class.

E.g. take two classes 1-10 and 11-20 soclass boundary will be in the middle of10 and 11 so 10.5 will be classboundary.

Class Markis the mid point of aclass. A number that divides the classinto two equal parts.

It is obtained by adding the lower limit

and upper limit of class and dividing by2.


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Constructing FrequencyConstructing Frequency

DistributionDistributionDecide number of classes.Determine range of variation in

data.

Divide the range of variation bynumber of classes.

Decide where to locate the class

limit.Determine the class limits.

Distribute data in appropriate

class limits.


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MeanMean

Also called average or arithmeticmean.

Excel Formula AVERAGE(B1:B20)


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MedianMedian

Values that divides the data inexactly two portions i.e. half ofdata lies above median and half

of data lieas below median.Excel Formula

=MEDIAN (B1:B20)


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MODEMODE

Value in data set that occurs withgreatest frequency in the data.

Most repeated value.

Excel Formula=MODE(B1:B20)


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VarianceVariance

It provides an indication of thedegree of the spread in the data.

Greater the variance, greater the

spread.

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Presentation & Analysis of Data_By_AbuBakkar Marwat