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Why use a surface treatment?

Improvesdurability

Controls Friction

Reduces Adhesion

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Why use surface treatment? (cont)

ImprovesLubrication

Rebuild Surfaces

Aesthetics

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Types of Treatments

Mechanical Surface Treatments Mechanical Plating & Cladding Case Hardening Thermal Spraying Vapor Deposition Laser Treatments

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Mechanical Surface Treatments

Peening Shot Peening

Laser Shot Peening

Water-jet Peening Ultrasonic Peening

Roller Burnishing

ExplosiveHardening

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Mechanical Plating & Cladding

Mechanical Plating

Cladding

Laser Cladding

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Case Hardening and Hard Facing

Case Hardening

Hard Facing

Spark Hardening

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Thermal Spraying

CombustionSpraying

Thermal WireSpray

Thermal Metal-

Powder Spray

Plasma Spray

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Vapor Deposition

Physical Vapor Deposition

Vacuum Deposition

Sputtering

Chemical Deposition

Ion Platting

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Physical Vapor Deposition

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Sputtering

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Ion Implantation & Diffusion Coating

Particulates penetrate substrate

Modifies surface properties Increases hardness

Improves durability

Masking capability

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Laser Treatments

Heating

Melting

Vaporization

Peening

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Electroplating, Electroless Plating,and Electroforming

Electroplating

Workpiece(cathode) is plated

with other metal(anode) through awater-basedelectrolytic solution

A SLOW Process!!!

75micrometers/hour

Solution must bereplenished

Sacrificial anode

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Electroplating, Electroless Plating,and Electroforming

Operation Sequence Chemical Cleaning

Acid Bath

Application of a Base Coat

(Optional) Final Electroplating

Rinse Tanks

Common Plating Metals Nickel

Cadmium, Copper

Tin, Zinc

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Electroplating, Electroless Plating,and Electroforming

Electroless Plating

Chemical Reaction

More Expensive $$

Uniform Thickness

Electroforming

Metal-fabrication

Metal electrodepositedon a mandrel

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Conversion Coatings

Anodizing-

The workpiece isthe anode in anelectrolytic cell

Coloring-

Alters color ofmetals, alloys, andceramics

Conversion ofsurfaces intochemicalcompounds:

oxides, chromates,and phosphates

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Hot Dipping

Workpiece is dippedinto molten metal

Zinc- galvanized-steel

sheet Tin- food containers

Hot-dipped Galvanizing

line

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Porcelain Enameling; Ceramic andOrganic Coatings

Enamels- fuse a coatingmaterial by heating to 425to 1000.

Ceramic coatings- Intensetemp applied

Organic coatings- Wide

range of properties:flexability, durability, color,texture

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Diamond Coating and Diamond-LikeCarbon

Techniques

Chemical vapordeposition

Plasma-assisted

vapor deposition Ion-beam-

enhanceddeposition

DiamondProperties

Hardness, wearresistance, thermalconductivity

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Surface Texturing & Painting

Texturing Techniques

Etching

Electric Arcs

Lasers Atomic oxygen

Paint Classification Enamels

Lacquers

Water-based paints

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Cleaning of Surfaces

3 types Mechanical Cleaning

Physically disturbcontaminants

Electrolytic Cleaning Abrasive bubbles aid

in contaminantremoval

Chemical Cleaning Solution Saponification Emulsification Dispersion Aggregation

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Engineering Metrology andInstrumentation

Metrology refers to the measurementof any type of dimensions

(length, thickness, diameter, angle, etc.)

Focus on Dimensional Tolerance(functionality, interchangeability, cost)

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Describing Quality of Instruments

Resolution- the smallest difference indimensions that an instrument can detect.

Precision- the instruments ability to giverepeated measurements (thermalexpansion affects precision, standardmeasuring temperature is 200 C).

Accuracy- The ability of a measurementto match the actual value of the quantity

being measured.

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Types of Measurement andInstruments Used