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THE TUDOR DYNASTY
The beginning of the dynasty
The dynasty started with Henry VII defeated Richard III at the
Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor then became the king of
England. Arthur, Prince of Wales, was the oldest son of Henry VII
and Elizabeth of York. He married Catherine of Aragon. She was the
daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile).
Arthur died in 1502 and did not become King. When Henry VII died in
1509, Arthur's brother, Henry VIII married Catherine and became
king. During her marriage to Henry VIII, Catherine had six
children. Only one of these children, Mary, survived. When
Catherine became too old to have any more children, Henry divorced
her. He then married a new wife, Anne Boleyn. Henry and Boleyn also
had a daughter, Elizabeth. Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536.
Shortly after, Henry VIII married Jane Seymour of England. She had
one son, Edward VI of England. Jane died in 1537. Her death was
caused by medical problems caused by Edward's birth Henry married
three other wives before his death in 1547. Edward, his only living
son, became King after Henry died.In 1553, Edward became ill. He
created the "Devise for Succession.". He said that his cousin, Lady
Jane Grey, would be Queen after he died. Lady Jane was queen for
only nine days.Henry's daughter, Mary I of England, was the next
ruler of the Tudor dynasty. Mary was a strong believer in
Catholicism. As Queen, Mary did many things against hundreds of
Protestants. Because of all the executions while she was Queen, she
was given the nickname "Bloody Mary."After Mary's death in 1558,
her half-sister Elizabeth I of England became queen. Unlike Mary,
Elizabeth was a Protestant. Elizabeth never married or had
children. Because she never married, Elizabeth is often called the
"Virgin Queen". She was well liked by most of the people of
England.The dynasty ended when Elizabeth died. She had not named a
person to be ruler after her death. When she died, James I became
King of England. He was the son of Elizabeth's cousin,Mary Stuart.
This started the Stuart dynasty
TheTudor dynastyorHouse of Tudorwas aroyal
houseofWelshorigin,descended fromRhys ap Tewdwr, the last "king of
the Britons," which ruled theKingdom of Englandand its realms,
including their ancestralWalesand theLordship of Ireland, later
theKingdom of Ireland, from 1485 until 1603. Its first monarch
wasHenry VII, a descendant through his mother of a legitimised
branch of the English royalHouse of Lancaster. TheTudor familyrose
to power in the wake of theWars of the Roses, which left the House
of Lancaster, to which the Tudors were aligned, extinct.
Family tree of the principal members of the houses of Tudor
Now King, Henry's first concern was to secure his hold on the
throne. On 18 January 1486 atWestminster, he honoured a pledge made
three years earlier and married Elizabeth of York.The marriage
unified the warring houses of Lancaster and York and gave his
children a strong claim to the throne. The unification of the two
houses through this marriage is symbolized by the heraldic emblem
of theTudor rose, a combination of the white rose of York and the
red rose of Lancaster.
Henry VIIandQueen Elizabethhad several children, four of whom
survived infancy:Arthur, Prince of Wales;Henry, Duke of
Richmond;Margaret, who married James IV of Scotland; andMary, who
marriedLouis XII of France. One of the objectives of Henry VII's
foreign policy was dynastic security, which is portrayed through
the alliance forged with the marriage of his daughter Margaret to
James IV of Scotland and through the marriage of his eldest son.
Henry VII married his son Arthur toCatherine of Aragon, cementing
an alliance with the Spanish monarchs,Ferdinand II of
AragonandIsabella I of Castile.One of the main concerns of Henry
VII during his reign was the re-accumulation of the funds in the
royal treasury. Through his strict monetary strategy, he was able
to leave a considerable amount of money in the Treasury for his son
and successor,Henry VIII.
Henry VIII
After his death, the successor to the throne was his son Henry
VIII.The new KingHenry VIIImarriedCatherine of Aragonon 11 June
1509; they were crowned atWestminster Abbeyon 24 June the same
year. Catherine was Henry's older brother's wife. A papal
dispensation had to be granted for Henry to be able to marry
Catherine, and the negotiations took some time. Despite the fact
that Henry's father died before he was married to Catherine, he was
determined to marry her anyway and make sure that everyone knew he
intended on being his own master. Unfortunately, Catherine did not
bear Henry the sons he was desperate for. The first daughter was
Mary born in 1516. When it became clear to Henry that the Tudor
dynasty was at risk, he wanted to cancel the marriage with
Catherine.As a result of his failure to procure the annulment Henry
appointedThomas Cromwellin his place. In the end he married Anne
Boleyn
