1

CWiPÙm Tœß

Æ˚[VÙh”l ˘TÙm˚U©t-̇ Nod˚L (B£¨Vo T‡Yp)

Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TPœ (4+)˘NVpTÙh” Ah˚PL∞u T¨UÙt\ ERÆdLWm

˙LW[ AW—

LpÆj ’˚\

RVÙo ˘NnR’

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®fl-Y-]m (SCERT), ˙LW-[mÆjßVÙTYu, È_l◊˚W, ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm ˛ 695 012

Phone: 0471-2341883, 2340323, e-mail: scertkerala@gmail.com

2020

2

Prepared by:

State Council of Educational Research & Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram -12, Kerala.

E-mail:scertkerala@gmail.com

Type setting by:

SCERT Computer Lab.

©Government of KeralaEducation Department2019

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B£-¨VoL∞PmUZ˚XVolTs∞ LpÆ AWeœ A±ÆVp ÈoYUÙL‹m ÿ›˚UVÙ]RÙL‹m BdœYRtœ Tp˙Yfl

˘NVpTÙ”Ls ̆ TÙ’dLpÆ TÙ’LÙl◊ T¶´u TœßVÙL S˚Pÿ˚\lT”jRlTh” Y⁄°u\]. Gv.≥.C.Bo.•(SCERT) - u R˚X˚U´p ˙LW[ UZ˚XVolTs∞dLpÆdœ YØLÙh”YRtLÙL UZ˚XVolTs∞lTÙPjßhPÿm B£¨Vo T‡YXÙ] ""Æ˚[VÙh”l ˘TÙm˚UŸm'' LÙXjßt˙LtT RVÙo ˘NnVlTh”s[’.SÙuœ YV’ ®˚\Y˚PŸm ˙TÙ’ Ik’ Y[of£ UiPXeL∞XÙL 87 ß\uL˚[d œZk˚R ˘Tt±⁄dL˙Yi”m Gu\ œ±d˙LÙfiPu UZ˚XVolTs∞ ̆ NVpTÙ”Ls ßhP™PlTh”s[]. œZk˚Rdœl TZdLUÙ]—tflf „Z¤Pu ˘RÙPo◊˚PV 30 ˚UVdL⁄j’Ls YÙ´XÙLjRÙu B£¨˚V ˘NVpTÙ”L˚[j ßhP™P˙Yi”m.

UZ˚XVolTs∞´p T¶◊¨˙YÙ⁄dœ ˙UmThP EhTÙo˚YŸm T¨UÙt\j ß\‡m °˚Pdœm YiQm©uÚhP A˚Ul◊L˚[ J›eœ ˘NnV ˙Yi•Ÿs[’. CRtLÙL RVÙ¨dLlThP’RÙu ""Æ˚[VÙh”l˘TÙm˚U'' Gu\ B£¨Vo T‡Yp. ˙U¤m ˙LW[jߤs[ A˚]j’ AW— Utflm Ae∏L¨dLl˘Tt\UZ˚XVolTs∞L∞p T¶◊¨Ÿm B£¨VoLfidœ ""ÿuT´t£'' Gu\ ˘TV¨p T´t£ YZeLlThP’.˘Tt˙\ÙoLfidœm R≤ ÆØl◊Qo‹ Yœl◊Ls J›eœ ˘NnVlThP]. ÿuYÙ£l◊, ÿu G›j’, ÿuL¶Rm, ÷i¶V R˚N Y[of£, T˚PlTÙt\p Y[of£ B°VYt±tœ ER‹°u\ ˘NVp Ah˚PLs,œZk˚RLfidLÙL "Æ˚[VÙh”l TPœ'' Gu‡m ˘TV¨p Íufl TœßL[ÙL RVÙo ˘NnVlTh”s[’.Æ˚[VÙh”l TP°u CWiPÙm Tœß´p 11 ÿRp 20 Y˚WŸs[ ˚UVdL⁄j’Ls œZk˚RL∞u Y[of£UiPXeLs, ß\uLs B°VYt˚\d L⁄jßt˘LÙi” RVÙ¨dLlTh”s[]. œZk˚R´u YV’, CVp◊,ß\uLs B°VYt±tœ ÿu‡¨˚U A∞j’ GqYÙfl T¨UÙt\m ˘NnVXÙm GuTRtLÙ] ˘R∞YÙ]Y˚WV˚\L˚[ CkRd ˚L˙V” A∞d°\’. —VUÙLf ˘NVpTÙ”L˚[ E⁄YÙdœYRtœm ˘NVpTÙ”Ah˚PL˚[ ˙UmT”j’YRtœm B£¨˚Vdœ —RkßWm Ei”. CkRd ˚L˙Vh˚Pf £\kR ÿ˚\´pTVuT”j’≈oL[pXYÙ.

YÙrj’-L-fi-Pu,

ÿ˚]-Yo. ˘_. ©W-NÙj

CVd-œ-So

4

T˚Pl◊l ThP˚\´p ˘NVpThPYoLs

1. Al’]ÙNo Ÿ.˘Lƨ‹˚WVÙ[o, PVtfl, ˙LÙØd˙LÙ”

2. U˙Lx œUÙo. GmB£¨Vo, Gp.©.Gv ˘N±VÙdL˚W, LÙNo˙LÙ”

3. —˙Wx TÙ◊. ˘L.˘L.T´t£VÙ[o (Kn‹), Gv.Gv.G LiÊo

4. ˚N_ Gv.B£¨˚V, AW— Gp.©.Gv, ˙LÙ´lTÙ”, ˘LÙpXm.

5. µ˙]Ùw WÙw’˚Q TßlTÙ£¨Vo, Ÿ»dLÙ, NÙXl◊\m, ˙LÙØd˙LÙ”.

6. A≤p œUÙo. ©.¥.G@l, Gp.©.Gv, œmT[, ˙LÙØd˙LÙ”

7. A≤RÙ œUÙ¨ ˘L.©B£¨˚V (Kn‹), H.£.˘L.Gu.¥.Ÿ.©.Gv, ˙UXÙe˙LÙ”, LÙNo˙LÙ”.

8. ^¥RÙ. ©UZ˚XVolTs∞, B£¨˚V, ¥.Pl∞Ÿ, Gp.©.Gv AV¶dLÙ”,˙LÙØd˙LÙ”.

9. £jßW`Ù≠≤. Gu.˘LUZ˚XVolTs∞ B£¨˚V, ¥.af.Gv.Gv. WÙY˙QxYo,LÙNo˙LÙ”.

10. W ]Ù Æ.©UZ˚XVolTs∞ B£¨˚V, AW—. Ÿ.©.Gv, ◊Zß, LiÊo.

11. Wg£j ˘L.©.˘af, Gv.Gv.•, ¥.˘af.Gv.Gv, AÂo, LÙNo˙LÙ”

12. ^˜_VÙ™d^h Ÿ.©. Gv. R[Ùl◊, LiÊo

®◊QoLs

1. ÿ˚]Yo. ≥. WÙU°⁄xQuUÙ®X TÙP HtTÙ” EVoUhPd œ› Efll©]o.

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2. ÿ˚]Yo. Bo. ˘_V©WLÙxERÆl ˙TWÙ£¨Vo, œZk˚R SX U⁄j’Yo,Gv.G.• U⁄j’YU˚], ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm.

3. ÿ˚]Yo. •.© LXÙRWuB˙XÙNLo, Gv.Gv.˙L ˙LW[m.

4. ÿ˚]Yo. Bo ©WNu] œUÙo.PVtfl ÿRpYo (Kn‹).

5. ÿ˚]Yo. ©.Æ ◊⁄˙`ÙjRUuƨ‹˚WVÙ[o (Kn‹), PVtfl.

R™ZÙdLm

1. Bo. WNp WÙwR˚X˚U B£¨Vo, G.Gp.©.GvA⁄ÆdLÙ”, ÍQÙo, C”d°, ˙LW[m.

2. _¯≠Vh. Gp.Gp.©.Gv.G R™r, AW—, Gv.Gv.Gp.©.GvLWU˚] ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm.

®◊QoLs

1. ÿ˚]Yo. NÙkß. ©ERÆl ˙TWÙ£¨Vo

AW—. UL∞o Lp̨, ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm

2. ÿ˚]Yo. ˘T]•. ˘LERÆl ˙TWÙ£¨VoAW— L˚Xd Lp̨, ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm

LpÆNÙo J⁄e°˚QlTÙ[o

ß⁄Uß. ˚`XÙ _Ùv™u. Gp.Gv(UZ˚XVolTs∞ LpÆ A˚Ul◊)BWÙnf£ AßLÙ¨ Gv.≥.C.Bo.•

5

˚UVd-L-⁄j-ß-u L⁄j-’l T¨-UÙt-\j-ßu ÿRt -T-•-VÙ-L-˙YÙ,

œZk-˚R-´u £k-R-˚]j ß\u, T˚Pl-TÙt-\p ˙TÙu-\-Yt˚\

Fd-œ-Æl-T-RÙ-L˙YÙ ˚UVd L⁄j’ T¨-UÙt-\j-ßt-œl- ©u

œZk-˚R-´u L⁄j’ ̆ Y∞-¬” SPj-’-Y-Rt-LÙ-L˙YÙ T´t-£jRÙ˚[l

TVu-T-”j-R-XÙm. Tp˙Yfl ˚UVd-L-⁄j-’-L-̇ [Ù” ˘RÙPo◊ T”jß

œ±l-©hP ß\u-L-∞u Y[of-£dLÙLd ˘LÙ”dLlT”m A‡TYf

˘NVpTÙ”L∞u ˘RÙPof-£-VÙ-L-̇ YÙ, ÿ›-̊ Ul-T-”j-’-R-XÙ-L-̇ YÙ,

Ußl-©-”-Y-Rt-LÙ-L˙YÙ Cl-T-́ t-£j-RÙ-̊ [l TVu-T-”j-R-XÙm. £X

YÙnl-◊-Ls ∏˙Z RWl-Th-”s-[-].

• ˚UVd-L-⁄j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls →→→→→ T´t-£j-RÙs →→→→→

˚UVd-L-⁄j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls.

˚UVd-L-⁄j-’-Pu ˘RÙPo-◊-˚PV A‡-T-Ye-L˚[ A∞j’m˘RÙPof-£-VÙ-L‹m CVp-TÙL‹m T´t-£j-RÙs A∞j-’m ˘RÙPok’˘NVp-TÙ-”-L˚[j ßh-P-™-P-XÙm.

• T´t-£j-RÙs + ˚UVd-L-⁄-j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls →→→→→

˚UVd-L-⁄-j’f ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-Ls →→→→→ T´t-£j-RÙs →→→→→ ̊ UVd-L-⁄j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls.

T´t£j-RÙ˚[f ̆ NVp-TÙ-P-L˙Y A∞d-L-XÙm. Aj-’-Pu CVp-TÙL˙YNe-°-≠j ˘RÙP-WÙL ©\ ˘NVp-TÙ”L˚[d ˘LÙ”d-L-XÙm.

• J⁄ A‡-T-Yd L⁄-Æ-VÙL T´t-£j-RÙ-̊ [l TVu-T-”j-R-XÙm.

• œZk-̊ R-L-∞u T´t-£j-RÙ˚[ Ju-fld˘LÙufl ̆ RÙPo-◊-T-”jß

AX£ BWÙ-V-‹m Y[of£˚V ˙Yfl-T-”jß A±-Y-R-t-œm

ER-‹m Y˚L-´p T´t-£j-RÙ˚[l TVu-T-”j-R-XÙ-m. J⁄

œZk-˚R-´u ˘RÙPof-£-VÙ] UÙt-\j-˚Rj-RÙu Ußl-©P

˙Yi-”m.

• œZk˚R D”-T”m ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-∞u ˘NVp-Y-¨-˚N˚V

B£-̈ ˚V Etfl ˙SÙd-°d ˘LÙi-•-⁄dL ˙Yi-”m.

• œZk-̊ R-L-∞u T´t-£j-RÙ˚[ Jl-◊-̊ Ul-T-”j-Rd- ·-PÙ-’.

• Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ œZk-̊ R-́ -‡-̊ P-V-‹m Y[of£ Ui-P-Xe-L-∞u

˙YLm ̇ Yfl-Th-PRÙ-œm. BR-XÙp œZk-̊ R-L-∞u ̆ Y∞-¬-”-L˚[

Jl-◊-̊ Ul-T-”j-Rd ·PÙ-’.

• A∞d-Ll-Th-”s[ T´t-£j-RÙs-L-∞u ˘RÙPof£VÙL˙YÙ

ARu ©t-̇ Nod-̊ L-VÙ-L˙YÙ ◊ßV T´t-£j-RÙ˚[

Y•-Y-̊ Ul-T-RtLÙ] —Rk-ßWm B£-̈ -̊ Vdœ Ei-”.

• œZk˚R T´t-£j-RÙ˚[l Èojß ̆ NnR©u A˚Rl TÙ’-LÙj-Rp,

¡sTVuTÙ” ̇ TÙu\˚Y œ±jR N¨VÙ] A±‹ B£-̈ -̊ Vdœ

C⁄dL ̇ Yi-”m. Èojß ̆ NnVl-ThP T´t-£j-RÙs-L˚[l

T˚Pl-◊j ˘RÙœl-©p TÙ’-LÙdL ˙Yi-”m.

• T´t-£j-RÙ˚[ ÿ˚\l-T-•-VÙ] Lt-\p ÿ˚\-́ p

A‘Ld ·PÙ-’.

Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TPœ

T´t-£j-RÙs TVu-T-”j-’m ˙TÙ’

6

T´t-£j-RÙs-Ls ˛ ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls

Tp˙Yfl Y[of£ Ui-P-Xe-L-fid-œ ÿd-°-Vj-’-Ym A∞d-œm

T´t-£j-RÙs-Ls Ceœ RWl-Th-”s-[-]. ∏˙Z ƨ-YÙ-L-‹m

·\l-Th-”s-[-’.

1. EPp CVdL Y[of£

÷i R˚N Y[of-£d-œj ˙R˚Y-VÙ] YÙnl-◊-Ls GpXÙ T´t-£j-

RÙs-L-∞¤m A∞d-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. TPm Y˚W-Rp, YiQm æh-”-Rp,

E⁄-YÙd-œRp ˙TÙu-\˚Y CkR Y[of£ Ui-P-Xj-ßtœ

ÿd°Vj’Ym A∞lT˚Y. Y˚Wk’ C˚QjRp Yh-P-™-”-Rp, ÿu

Y˚W-Rp ˙TÙu\ ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L[Ùp ÷i-R˚Nl T´t£ °˚Pd-°-\-’.

°Øj-Rp, ̆ Yh-”-Rp, Jh-”-Rp, ̇ TÙu\ A‡-T-Ye-Ls YÙ -́XÙL ÷i

-R-̊ N-L-∞-u Y[of£ E⁄-YÙ-°-\-’.

3+ T⁄-Yj-ß-¤s[ œZk-˚R-L-fidœ ÷i -R-˚N-L-∞u CVd-Lm

œ˚\-YÙL C⁄d-œm. G]˙Y AYo-L-[Ùp ˘NnV CVp°u\ £fl

£fl ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-Ls RÙu, Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TP-°p œ±l-©-Pl-Th-”s-[].

C’-Uh-”-Up-XÙ-Up ˘T⁄k-R˚N Y[of-£d-LÙL K”-Rp, œßj-Rp,

T•-Ls H± C\e-œ-Rp, FoRp, RY›Rp ˙TÙu\ HWÙ-[m A‡-T-Yf

˘NVpTÙ”L˚[ Yœl-T-̊ \-́ p ßhP-™-P-̇ Yi-”m.

4+ œZk-̊ R-L-fidœ Cu‡m AßLUÙ] ÷i- L-Y-]m ˙R˚Y-Ÿs[

˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls A∞d-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. G”j-’d-LÙh-PÙL Lj-R-̈ d-̇ LÙp

TVu-T-”jß ’p-≠V-UÙL ̆ Yh-”-Y-Rt-LÙ] T´t-£. CRt-LÙL œZk˚R

TÙ’-LÙl◊ (child safe) Lj-R¨d-˙LÙ˚Xl TVu-T-”j-’-Y’ Su-fl.

◊s-∞-L˚[ C˚Qj’ Y˚Wk’ TPj˚R ÿ›-˚Ul-T-”j-’-Rp

R≤l-ThP ̆ NVp-TÙ-PÙ-œm. Ju-\Ùm Yœl-©p œZk-̊ R G›j-’-L˚[Ÿm

˘NÙt-L-̊ [Ÿm YÙd-°-Ve-L-̊ [Ÿm GpXÙm G›R ̇ Yi-”m. AR-]Ùp

4+ p ˚Yj’ ÿu G›j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls HWÙ-[m A∞j-Rp

˙Yi-”m.

2. ˘UÙØ Y[of£

UZ-˚X-VolTs∞ LÙX-Lh-Pj-ßp E˚W-VÙ-P-¤dœ ™L ÿd-°V

Te-œi”. ·f-N-ÿm TV-ÿm Cp-XÙ-Up, RVd-L-™u± ̇ T—-Y-Rt-LÙL

œZk-˚R-L˚[j ß\-˚U-VÙ-]-Yo-L-[ÙdL SÙm ÿVt-£dL ˙Yi-”m.

A˚]j’ T´t-£j-RÙ-sL∞¤m CRtLÙ] YÙnl◊ Es[].

TPm YÙ£j-Rp, CVt˚L SPj-Rp, ˘TÙm˚U Æ˚[-VÙh”, TÙj-ßW

S•l-◊, Æ˚[-VÙh”, ©\ A‡-T-Yf ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls ˙TÙu-\-Yt-±p

Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ œZk-̊ Rdœm ˙T—-Y-Rt-LÙ] YÙnl◊ A∞dL ˙Yi-”m.

TPe-L-∞p Es[ ®Lr-‹-L-̊ [f ˘NÙp-¤-Rp, Y˚Wk-R-’m Yi-Qm

æh-•V’-UÙ] TPe-L-̊ [l Tt-±d ·fl-Rp, ©\o Y˚WkR TPe-L-∞-u

L⁄j-’-L-˚[d ·fl-Rp, ˘NnR LÙ¨-Ve-L-∞u Ÿd-ß-Ÿm LÙ¨V

LÙW-Qe-L-˚[-Ÿm ·fl-Rp ˙TÙu\ E˚W-VÙ-P-¤d-LÙ] Tu-ÿL

YÙnl-◊-Ls T´t-£j-RÙs ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-∞p ˙Nod-Ll-Th-”s-[-].

3+ T⁄-Yj-ßp R]’ ≈h•p ˙T—m ˘UÙØ YÙ -́XÙ-Lj-RÙu œZk-̊ R-Ls

L⁄j-’l T -̈UÙt-\m SPj-’-YÙo-Ls, Cf-„-Z-≠p ˙L≠˘NnRp, R˚P-

˘Nn-Rp, ◊\dL¶jRp ˙TÙu\f ˘NVp-L˚[ B£-̈ ˚V ˘Nn-Rp

·PÙ’. A’ œZk-˚R-´u Ru-]m-©d-˚L˚Vf £˚Rj’ Æ”m.

˙T—-Y-Rt-LÙ] Fd-œ-Æj-R˚X A∞j-Rp AY-£-Vm.

4+ T⁄-Yj-ßtœ Y⁄m-̇ TÙ’ YZdœ ˘UÙØ´u± CXd°V ˘UÙØ-

Y[of£ A˚PY-Rt-LÙ] UÙß-̈ -̊ L-L-fim A‡-T-Ye-L-fim A∞j-Rp

˙Yi-”m. C’-̇ TÙu\ YÙnl-◊-L˚[ T´t-£jRÙ∞p YZe-œm ̇ TÙ’

LY-]j-’-Pu TVu-T-”jR Sm-UÙp CVX ˙Yi-”m. CkR ®˚X-́ p

ÿuG›j’f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-s YZe-œm ÿ˚\-´p Æ˚[-VÙh-”l

TP-°p Es[ T´t-£j-RÙs-Ls ÿ˚\l-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-].

7

3. A±-‹-NÙo Y[of£

A±-Æ-Vp, L¶R Ui-P-Xj-ß-¤s[ A‡-T-Yf ˘NVp-TÙ-”-LsCm-Ui-P-Xj-ßp Eh-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-]. ̆ T¨’/£±’, ·”-Rp/œ˚\-‹,Ai-˚U-´p/ÁWj-ßp, ø[m ·•-V’/œ˚\k-R-’, EV-Wm ·•-V’/œ˚\k-R’ ̇ TÙu\ ÿu ̨ L¶Rd L⁄j-’-Ls, ̆ TÙ⁄h-Ls, Gi-‘-Rp,C˚Qj-Rp ˙TÙu-\˚Y Eh-T-”j-Rl Th-”s-[-]. Yœl-T-˚\-´pHWÙ-[m ̇ So-ÿL A‡-T-Ye-L˚[ A∞jR ©\œ RÙu T´t-£j-RÙ˚[lTVu-T-”j-R-̇ Yi-”m.

Etfl ˙SÙd-œ-Rp, Jl-◊-˚Ul-T-”j-’-Rp, Jt-fl˚U ˙Yt-fl-˚U-LsLi-P-±-Rp, Y˚Ll-T-”j-’-Rp, Li-”-©•jR Ei-̊ U-L˚[ ̆ Y∞-́ -”-Rp˙TÙu\ ˘NVp Y¨-˚Nj ß\u-L-fi-Pu ˘RÙPo-◊˚PV HWÙ-[m˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TP-°p Eh-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-].

TPe-L˚[ Et-fl-˙SÙd-œ-Rp Uh-”-˙U T´t-£j-RÙs YÙ´-XÙ-Ld°˚Pd-°-\-’. AR-]Ùp Li-P-±-Rp, ˙Lh-P-±-Rp, ÿLok’ A±-Rp,—˚Yj-R-±-Rp, ˘RÙh” A±-Rp B°V Im-◊-Xu-Ls YÙ -́XÙ] Lt-\pA‡-T-Ye-Ls °˚Pd-œm Y˚L-́ -¤m ßh-P-™P ˙Yi-”m. Ÿd-ßf-£k-R-˚], LÙWQ LÙ¨Vj ˘RÙPo-◊-L˚[d Li-P-±k’ ·fl-Rp,A”d-œ-Ls Y•-Y-̊ Uj-R-p, TX Y˚L-VÙ] E⁄-YÙd-Lf ˘NVp-L-∞pD”-T-”-R-p, ®˚]‹l-T-”j-ßd ·fl-Rp ˙TÙu\ A‡-T-Ye-LsœZk-̊ Rdœd °˚PdL ˙Yi-”m.

Íufl YV-ß-]-⁄dœ CX-œ-YÙ] ÿu L¶-Rd L⁄j-’-Ls, ®\eL-̊ [l©¨j-R-±-Rp, ̇ Yfl-TÙ” A±-Rp, TPe-L˚[ Etfl ̇ SÙd° Aß-¤s[®Lr-‹-L-̊ [d ·fl-Rp, J˙W ̇ TÙ-¤s-[˚YL˚[d Li-P-±-Rp, œ›-Æp˙NWÙ-R’ Li-”-©-•j-Rp, ARu LÙW-Qm ·fl-Rp ̇ TÙu\ ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-LsRÙu RWl-Th-”s-[-].

SÙuœ YV-ß-]-⁄dœ C˚Y-L-̊ [ÆP EVoRWf ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-L-fi-Pu 1 ÿRp

5 Y˚W-Ÿs[ Gi-Q-±-˙YÙ” ˘RÙPo-◊˚PV ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-fim

Eh-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-]. UÙt-flj ß\-]Ù-∞d œZk-˚R-L-fid-œ-LÙLj

RWl-Th-”s[ ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-˚[j-R-›Æ T´t-£j-RÙs-L-˚[l

TVu-T-”j-R-XÙm.

4 T˚Pl◊ Ut-fl-m AZ-°-Vp ˙Um-TÙ”

TPm Y˚W-Rp, YiQm æh-”-Rp, E⁄-YÙd-Lp ̇ TÙu\ ÿd-°-V-UÙ]

˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls Cm-Ui-P-Xj-̇ RÙ” ˘RÙPo◊ T”jß Æ˚[-VÙh-”l

TP-°p Eh-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-]. ̆ UÙØ YÙ -́XÙ] T˚Pl-TÙt-\-¤d-œm

YÙnl◊ A∞d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’.

TPm Y˚W-Rp (—-Rk-ß-W-UÙ-L-‹m, Lh-”lTÙh”-P-‡m), Yi-Qm æh-”-Rp

˙TÙu-\˚Y ̇ U˙X ·\l-Th-”-s-[-Rp-X-YÙ, TX Y˚L-VÙ] E⁄-YÙd-Lp

YÙnl-◊-L˚[ Eh-T-”j’Y-Rtœ ÿVt£ ̆ Nn-Vl-Th-”s-[-]. UQp

TPe-Ls, ÆWp TPe-Ls, C˚X ™⁄-Ld LÙh£ NÙ˚X Y•-Y-̊ Uj-Rp,

Èd-Ls E⁄-YÙd-œRp, A˚P-VÙ[ Ah˚P RVÙ-¨j-Rp, ˘LÙ•

Y•-Y-̊ Uj-Rp, ˙RÙW-Qe-Ls RVÙ-¨j-Rp ˙TÙufl, ˚LÆ-Wp Tßj’

TPm E⁄-YÙd-Lp, C˚X Af-—, Tg—, ˘Tu-£p ∫Æ-V ’Ls

˙TÙu-\Yt˚\ Jh•, TPe-L˚[ ÿ›˚Ul T”jRp ˙TÙu\

Tp-˙Y-fl-ThP E⁄-YÙd-œRp YÙnl-◊-Ls Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TP-°p

Es[].

3+ T⁄-Yj-ß-]-⁄d-œj RœkR G∞-̊ U-VÙ] E⁄-YÙd-Lp ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-Ls

RWl-Th-”s-[-]. Cf-˘N-Vp-TÙ-”-L˚[ YZeœm ˙TÙ’ T˚Pl◊

Ut-flm AZ-°-Vp ̇ Um-TÙh-”-Pu ÷i ̨ ̆ T⁄k-R-̊ N-L-∞u T´t-£d-LÙ]

YÙnl-◊-Lfim Ei-Pp-X-YÙ. ̇ U¤m NÍL ̨ E[ Y[of-£d-œm C˚Y

TVu-T-”-°-u\]. Jt-fl˚U U]l-TÙe-œm, R˚X˚U RÙeœm ß\u-L-fim

A˚PŸm T•VÙ] œ›f ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L˚[j ßh-P-™P ˙Yi-”m.

4+ T⁄-Yj-ß-¤s[ œZk-˚R-L-fidœ £±’ EVo RWj-ß-XÙ]

T´t-£jRÙs Eh-T-”j-Rl-Th-”s-[-’. Lj-R-¨d-˙LÙp TVu-T-”jß

8

˘Yh-P-‹m Jh-P-‹m, LÙ°-Rm TVu-T-”jß Èd-Ls, K¨LÙ™ Y•-Ye-Ls

˙TÙu-\˚Y E⁄-YÙd-L-‹m YÙnl◊ A∞d-Ll-Th-”s-[-’. CVt-̊ L-́ p

C⁄k’ °˚Pd-œm ˘TÙ⁄h-Ls, ET-˙VÙ-L -Ut\ ˘TÙ⁄h-Ls

˙TÙu-\Yt˚\l TVu-T-”jß E⁄-YÙd-Lf ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L˚[f ˘Nn-V-

˚YdL ˙Yi-”m. AqYÙfl ˘NnRÙp Uh-”˙U œZk-˚R-´u

T˚Pl-TÙt-\p Y[of£ ˙Um-T-”m.

5. NÍL E[ Y[of£

"Æ˚[-VÙh-”lTP-°-¤s[ ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls' A˚]j-’˙U R≤-S-To

˘NVp-TÙ-PÙ-œm. J⁄-Y-⁄d-̆ LÙ-⁄-Yo ERÆ ̆ Nn-Y-Rt-LÙ] YÙnl-◊-L-̊ [Ÿm

E⁄-YÙdL CV-¤m. Yi-Qm æh-”-Y-Rt-LÙ] °˚W-VÙuL˚[d ̆ LÙ”j’m

E⁄-YÙd-Lf ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-L-∞p œ›d-L-[Ù-L-‹m ̇ Nok’ D”-T-”-Y-Rt-LÙ]

YÙnl-◊-Ls E⁄-YÙœ-Up-X-YÙ. £X ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L-∞p œ±l-©hP

®\-ÿs[ °˚W-VÙu ˙R˚Yl-T-”m. (G”:) C˚X-L-fidœl Tf-̊ N-®-\m

A∞j-Rp. J⁄-Yo Yi-Qm æh• ÿ•-Ÿm Y˚W LÙj’ ®tL

œZk-˚R˚V Fd-œ-ÆdL B£-¨-˚V-VÙp CV-¤m. Lj-R¨d-̇ LÙp

TVu-T-”jß ˘Yh-”m „Z-≠-¤m Cq-YÙfl LÙj’ ®tL ˙Yi-•-V’

Y⁄m.

L˚R-L-∞p Y⁄m U]˘Y›f-£-L-̊ [j R]’ U]-̆ Y-›f-£-L-fi-Pu

˘RÙPo◊ T”j-’-Rp YÙ´-XÙL NÍL E[ Y[of£˚V E⁄-YÙ-dL

CV-¤m. T´t-£j-RÙs YZe-œm ˙TÙ’ L˚Rd L[m, ®Lr-‹, Yœl-©p

·flm L˚R-Ls, TÙPp-Ls, L˚Rl TÙPp-Ls, ̆ TÙm˚U SÙP-Lm, TÙj-ßW

S•l◊ ̇ TÙu-\˚Y NÍL E[ Y[of-£d-LÙL‹m TVu-T-”j-’m-̇ TÙ’

RÙu B£-̈ ˚V ˘Yt± A˚P-°-\Ùo.

Ußl-¿”-

Jq-˘YÙ⁄ Y[of£ Ui-P-Xj-ß-¤m Jq-˘YÙ⁄ œZk˚RŸm

Gk-®-˚X-´p ®t-°\ÙoLs GuT˚R B£-¨˚VVÙp LiP±V

CVX ˙Yi-”m. œZk-̊ R-́ u R≤-S-Toj ß\u-L˚[ EQok’ ̇ R˚Y-

VÙ] Fd-œ-Æj-Rp A∞dL C’ B£-̈ -V-⁄dœ ER-‹m. ̇ U¤m R]’

ßh-P-™-P-≠p Es[ œ˚\-L˚[ EQok’ ˙Uu-˚Ul-T-”j-R-‹m

Ußl-©-Pp YÙ´-XÙL CV-¤m. ˘Tt-˙\Ùo-Ls Re-Ls œZk-˚Rdœ

A∞d-L-˙Yi-•V ER-Æ-Ls Gu-̆ ]u] GuT˚Rd œ±l-©h”d

·\-‹m B£-̈ -̊ Vdœ ER-‹-Y’ ̆ RÙPo Ußl-¿” YÙ -́XÙ-Ll ̆ Tflm

œ±l-◊-Ls RÙu.

Jq-˘YÙ⁄ T´t-£j-RÙs-L-∞-¤m Gu-˘]u] Ußl-©P ˙Yi-”m

Gufl T‡-Y-≠p œ±l-©-Pl-Th-”s-[-’. ̆ NVp-TÙ-”-Ls SPd-œm ̇ TÙ’

B£-̈ -Vo ˘Nn-Ÿm Etfl ˙SÙd-L-¤m T´t-£jRÙs Gu\ T˚Pl˚T

Ußl-©-”-Rp YÙ -́XÙ-L-‹m RÙu ̆ RÙPo-U-ßl-¿” ̆ NnV ̇ Yi-•-Ÿs-[-’.

˘Tt-̇ \Ù-⁄-Pu Es[ LXk’˚WVÙPp YÙ -́XÙ-L-‹m £X ÿd-°VUÙ]

Et-fl-̇ SÙd-Lp œ±l-◊-Ls SUd-œd °˚Pd-œm.

Jq-̆ YÙ⁄ T -́\Û-£j-RÙfim ̆ Nn’ LÙh-£l-T-”j-ß-V -©u œZk-̊ R-́ u

T˚Pl-◊j ˘RÙœl-◊l ˚T´p ˙Noj-’d ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m. A˚R

AX£ BWÙ-Ÿm ̇ TÙ’ œZk-̊ R-́ u Y[of£ UiPXjßp HtThP

∫WÙ] Y[-of£ B£-¨-˚Vd-œm ˘Tt-˙\Ù-⁄d-œm ◊¨k’ ˘LÙs[

ÿ•-Ÿm. Bi-•-fl-ß-́ p C˚Y-L˚[ J⁄e-°-̊ Qj’ œZk-̊ R-̊ Vd

œ±j-’s[ N¨VÙ] Ußl©”-Rp RVÙ-WÙdL ÿ•-VÙRÙ?

œZk-˚Rd-œm ˘Tt-˙\Ù-⁄d-œm ˙R˚Y-VÙ] ©uÚh-Pm SPjß

˙Uu-̊ Ul T”jR CRu YÙ -́XÙL B£-̈ -̊ Vdœ CV-¤m.

9

˚UVd L⁄j’ 11 LÙnL±Ls

LÙnL±L∞u Y•Ym, ®\m, A[‹ ˙TÙu\˚Y œZk˚RLfidœ

ÆVlÈh”m. N˚Uj’m N˚UdLÙU¤m A˚YL˚[f —˚Yj’l TÙojR

A‡TYÿm œZk˚RLfidœ Ei”. TXY˚LVÙ] LÙnL±Ls Es[]

Gu\ L⁄j’m, A[‹, Y•Ym, —˚Y, ®\m ˙TÙu\Yt±p A˚Y

˙YflTh”s[] Gu\ L⁄j’m œZk˚RL∞p E⁄YÙdL ̇ Yi•Ÿs[’.

LÙnL±LfiPu ̆ RÙPo◊˚PV L˚R, TÙh” Æ˚[VÙh”Ls ̇ TÙu\˚Y

YÙ´XÙL, B˙WÙd°Vjßtœ LÙnL±Ls Sufl Guflm ÆYNÙVm ̆ Nn˙R

A˚YL˚[ EtTjß ˘Nn°˙\Ùm Gu\ A•lT˚Pd L⁄j˚R

E⁄YÙdL‹m CkR ˚UVdL⁄j’ YÙ´XÙL CVX ˙Yi”m.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. LÙnL± L⁄jRÙL Y⁄m L˚R ˛

SÙh˚Pf —t±lTÙodL C\e°V ÈN¶

↓

2. T´t£jRÙs 11.1 ˛ ""YiQm æhPXÙm'' YZeœRp.

↓

3. L˚R ˛ ÈN¶l TPœm G≠dœg—m.

↓

4. T´t£jRÙs 11. 2 ̨ ""G≠dœg£u ÈN¶l TPœl TVQm'' ̨ YZeœRp.

↓

5. ÈN¶lTÙPp (˘TÙm˚U˛208), CVt˚L˚V W£j’ SPjRp.

(LÙnL±j˙RÙhPm/ICT/ UÙߨj ˙RÙhPm Y•Y˚UjR’).

↓

6. TÙPp (˙RÙhPm ˛ ˘TÙm˚U˛208).

↓

7. TPj˘RÙœl◊ RVÙ¨jRp (LÙnL±´u TPeLs, v\Ùm©tfl)

↓

8. YœlT˚\´p J⁄ ̇ RÙhPm (˘TÙmUXÙhPm ̨ S•l◊, A’ ̇ TÙu\

Æ˚[VÙh”)

↓

9. YœlT˚\´p LÙnL±dL˚P

↓

10. œ[m L˚W (TZm ˘Y∞´p, LÙnL± Es˙[ ˛ Æ˚[VÙh”)

↓

11. Y˚LlT”jRXÙm (TZjß≠⁄k’ LÙnL±L˚[d œ›dL[ÙdœRp)

↓

12. NXÙ” RVÙ¨jRp, T¨UÙflRp.

↓

13. ˘TÙm˚U SÙPLm (LÙnL±´u R≤jRu˚UL˚[d L⁄jRÙLd

˘LÙi”)

↓

14. J∞kß⁄lT’ (˘Th•´u Es˙[ U˚\dLlTh”s[ LÙnL±˚Vj

˘RÙh”l TÙoj’ ©¨jR±Rp.)

↓

15. LÙnL± Af—.

↓

16. TZNXÙ” Æ˚[VÙh” (LÙnL±L∞u ˘TVoL˚[ A∞j’

Æ˚[VÙ”Rp)

↓

17. L˚R

↓

18. S•l◊ (ÆYNÙVm ˘NnR¤m TWÙU¨jR¤m)

10

↓

19. T´t£jRÙs 11.3 ˛ ""£\kRYu VÙo?'' YZeœRp.

↓

20. H¶ Æ˚[VÙh” (LhPjßp B£¨Vo ·flm LÙnL±´p

œZk˚RLs œßjRp).

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 11.1 YiQm æhPXÙm.

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”

$ ˘UÙØNÙo Y[of£.

ß\uLs 1. °˚WVÙu, v˘Lf˘Tu ˙TÙu\Yt˚\l

TVuT”jß —RkßWUÙL YiQm æhP

CVp°\’ (4).

2. LRÙlTÙjßWj˚R Eh˘LÙi” Rm˚U

˙Y˘\Ùu\ÙLd LtT˚] ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi”

˘TÙmUXÙhPm, TÙjßW S•l◊, ˙YP™h”

S•jRp B°V „ZpL∞p S•dL CVp°\’

(20).

L⁄j’Ls 1. TX ÆRUÙ] LÙnL±Ls Es[].

2. A˚Y A[‹, Y•Ym ®\jßp

˙YflTh”s[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, °˚WVÙuv

$ Nk’ AiQ≤u Rsfi Yi•´≠⁄k’

SÙh˚Pf —t±lTÙodL C\e°V ÈN¶' ˛

L˚R ·±V ©u œZk˚RLfidœ

T´t£jRÙs YZeLXÙm.

L˚Rd·tfl ""SÙh˚Pf —t±lTÙodL C\e°V ÈN¶'

T›j’l T›j’, ˘LÙ› ˘LÙ›jR, UgNs

ÈN¶d˘LÙ⁄ B˚N, Gu] ˘R¨ŸUÙ?

Rsfi Yi•´p H± SÙh˚Pf —t±lTÙodL

˙Yi”UÙm ̨ ̇ Y˘\Ùuflm £kßdLÆp˚X.

E⁄i” E⁄i” ÈN¶ Rsfi Yi•´u

A⁄˙L Yk’ ̇ NokR’. ©\œ J˙W RÙY≠p

ÈN¶ RsfiYi•´p H±V’. E⁄i”

RÙÆ H±V L˚[l©p ÈN¶ £±’ ˙SWm

˙TNÙUp °PkR’.

Al˙TÙ’ Nk’ AiQu YkRÙo.

Yi•˚V Rs∞d˘LÙi” Nk’ AiQu

Nk˚Rdœl ◊\lThPÙo.

Nk˚R´p Yk’˙NokR ÈN¶ Ae˙LŸs[

LÙnL±L˚[d ˙L≠ ˘NnR’. "I˙V... . . .

Gu˚]l ̇ TÙX VÙ⁄d˙L‡m ClT• Rsfi

Yi•´p TVQm ̆ NnV ÿ•kRRÙ? I˙V....

IVn˙V....'' LÙnL±Lfidœ ˙LÙTm YkR’.

ÿR≠p ˘Ys˚[l ÈN¶ Yi•´p RÙÆ

H±V’. CWiPÙY’ LÙ˙Tw, ©u ◊PXeLÙn,

RoÈN¶, ̇ N˚], ÿ⁄e˚LdLÙn.... CqYÙfl

Gp˙XÙ⁄m RÙÆ H±]o. H±VYoLs

ÈN¶ŸPu Ni˚P´hP]o. Yi•

œ¤e°V˚Rl TÙojR Nk’ AiQu LiP

LÙh£..... Yi•´p HWÙ[m LÙnL±Ls.

AYoL∞u Ni˚P˚Vl TÙojR Nk’

AiQu EWdLf ˘NÙu]Ùo. ''˙Pn.....''

ÈN¶˚Vj RÆW A˚]j’ LÙnL±Lfim

NÙ• K•]o. ÈN¶ Nk’ AiQ˚]

˙SÙd°f £¨jR’.

""K•l˙TÙPÙ...'' Nk’ AiQu ÈN¶´Pm

·±]Ùo.

11

TÙYm ÈN¶ Yi•´≠⁄k’ C\e°

K•V’.

F˚Wf —t±l TÙodL YkR ÈN¶˚Vl

TÙodL ˙YiPÙUÙ?

$ T´t£jRÙs 11.1 ˛ YiQm æhPXÙm YZeœRp.

$ R≤STWÙL YiQm æh”Rp.

$ YiQm æh•V˚R J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄Yo

TÙodL YÙnl◊ A∞jRp.

$ VÙo VÙ⁄˚PV TPeLs EeLfidœ ™L‹m

©•jR’.?

$ ˙R˚YVÙ] UÙt\eLs/˙Uu˚UlT”j’Rp.

$ ÈN¶´u TPjßu ©uTdLm LÙo”˙TÙo”/

NÙoh” Jh”Rp. Lm◊ JhP ˚Yj’

˚LlTÙ˚Y (puppet) E⁄YÙdœ°\ÙoLs.

$ L˚Rd·tfl (˘RÙPof£)$ Nk’ AiQ≤u RsfiYi•´≠⁄k’

C\e° K•V ÈN¶ Geœ ˘Nu±⁄dœm?

$ ©\ LÙnL± SiToLs ÈN¶˚Vl

TÙojß⁄dœUÙ?

$ TÙodœm ˙TÙ’ Gu] ·flYÙoLs?

SiToL˙[ ˘NÙp≠l TÙ⁄eLs........

$ B£¨˚Vdœ $ °˚WVÙuv TVuT”jß YiQm æhP

ÿ˚\VÙL A±‹fljR ˙Yi”m. ÿR≠p

KWjßp ©u]o EhTœß´p. (APojßVÙL‹m

APojß œ˚\j’m YiQm æh”m

ÿ˚\˚Vl TZdLlT”jR ˙Yi”m.)

Ußl¿”$ RœkR YiQm æh•Ÿs[]o.

$ „Z¤d˙LtT S•j’d ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 11.2 ˛ G≠dœg£u ÈN¶l TPœlTVQm

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ NÍL ˛ E[ Y[of£

$ ˘UÙØNÙo Y[of£

$ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”.

ß\uLs 1. TPeLs, ˘TÙ⁄hLs, CVt˚L B°V˚Y

TÙoj’ (ÿuYÙ£l◊) L⁄j’Ls ·\

CVpRp (14).

2. TPdL˚RLs Etfl ˙SÙd° L˚R˚V

F°j’d ·\ CVpRp (18).

L⁄j’ $ LÙnL±Ls, Y•Yjߤm A[Ƥm

˙YflTh”s[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, °˚WVÙuv

„Zp $ F˚Wf —t±l TÙodL C\e°V ÈN¶´u

L˚R ·±V ©u, ÈN¶´u LhA‹h”dœ

YiQm æh• œZk˚RLs ˚LlTÙ˚Y

(puppet) E⁄YÙdœ°\ÙoLs.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl

(˘RÙPof£) Nk’ AiQ≤u Yi•´≠⁄k’ RÙÆ

C\e° K•V ÈN¶, TVQjßu ˙TÙ’

G≠dœg˚Nl TÙod°\’ Gu\ „Z≠p

L˚R˚V ƨ‹T”jßd ·flRp.

$ T´t£jRÙs 11.2 ̨ ""G≠dœg£u ÈN¶l TPœl TVQm'' YZeœRp

TPeL˚[ EtfllTÙodL œZk˚RLfidœ

YÙnl◊ A∞jRp.

˛ G≠dœg—m ÈN¶Ÿm J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄Yo

Gu˘]u] ˙T£´⁄lTÙoLs?

12

˛ L˚R´p £X ®Lrf£L˚[ B£¨˚V

˙LhPp. œZk˚RLs ARu TPeL˚[j

˘RÙh”d LÙh”Rp.

˛ L˚R˚V F°j’d ·flRp.

˛ B£¨˚V T´t£jRÙ∞p Es[ L˚R˚Vd

·flRp. (LtT˚]ŸPu).

(G≠dœg£tœ AmUÙÆPm ˘Nufl ˙NW

˙Yi”m. Sß˚Vd LPk’ ˘NpX ÈN¶

ER‹°\’).

˛ TVQjßu Cflß´p C⁄Y⁄m ©¨Ÿm

˙TÙ’ G≠dœg— Gu] ·±´⁄dœm?

$ TPjߤs[ G≠dœg—dœm ÈN¶dœm

YiQm æh”Rp.

$ ™L‹m AZLÙL YiQm æh•V’ VÙo?

$ œZk˚RLs J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄Yo T´t£jRÙ˚[

˚LUÙt±l TÙojRp ˛ Ußl©”Rp.

$ YiQm æh•V ©\œ L˚R˚V ¡i”m

·flYRtLÙ] YÙnl◊ A∞jRp.

Ußl¿”$ RœkR YiQm æh•Ÿs[]o.

$ TPj˚R Etfl ˙SÙd° L˚R˚V F°j’d

·\ CVpRp.

T´t£jRÙs 11.3 £\kRYu VÙo?

Y[of£ UiPXm $ A±‹ NÙo Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. Im◊XuLs YÙ´XÙL ˘TÙ⁄hLs/

E´¨]eLs B°VYt˚\ Etfl ˙SÙd°

£\l©Vp◊L˚[d Li”©•dL‹m

YÙn˘UÙØVÙL ˘Y∞´P‹m CVp°\’.

(®\m, A[‹, Y•Ym, UQm, J≠, —˚Y,

T[T[l◊) (30).

2. TPeLs, ̆ TÙ⁄hLs, CVt˚L B°VYt˚\l

TÙoj’ (ÿuYÙ£l◊) L⁄j’Ls ·\

CVp°\’ (14).

L⁄j’ : LÙnL±Ls ≈h•p Sh” Y[olT’i”.

˘LÙ•L∞¤m ˘N•L∞¤m LÙnL±Ls

Æ˚[°u\].

L⁄ÆLs : T´t£jRÙs, °˚WVÙu

„Zp : ÆYNÙVj˚Rl TWÙU¨jRp ˛ ÿ˚\

œZk˚RLs S•d°\ÙoLs. ̆ RÙPok’ LÙnL±j

˙RÙhPjßu TPj˚R B£¨˚V

LÙh£lT”j’Rp. ˙RÙhPjߤs[

LÙnL±L˚[d œ±j’ œZk˚RL∞Pm

˙LhPp. œZk˚RLs Tßp ·flRp.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl $ J⁄ F¨p CWi” LÙnL±Ls YÙrk’

YkR]. Au\ÙPm J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄Yo

˘T⁄˚U ·±d˘LÙsY˙R CYoLs

˙Y˚X. E⁄i•⁄lTRÙp G]dœj RÙu

AZœ.

SÙu RÙu ˘T¨VYu. SÙ˙] ˘Lh•dLÙWu

Gufl RoÈN¶ ·flUÙm.

13

""E⁄i˚P ˙TÙX E⁄i”

YhPUÙLd œßj’

Geœm K• SÙu ˘Nu±”˙Yu''

C˚Rd ˙Lhœm ˙TÙ’ TÙLtLÙndœ

˙LÙTm Y⁄m.

""SÙu ApXYÙ Eu˚] ÆP

˘Lh•dLÙWu,

˘T¨VYu, AZLu''

TÙLtLÙŸm ˘NÙp¤m.

""øi” E⁄i”

YhPUÙLd œßj’

Geœm K• SÙ‡m ˘Np˙Yu''

◊PXeLÙŸm Æh”d ˘LÙ”dLÙ’.

C˚Rd ˙Lhœm ˙TÙ’ RolÈN¶ ¡i”m

˘T⁄˚U ˙TNj ˘RÙPeœm. ARtœl

TßXÙL TÙLtLÙn ¡i”m ˘T⁄˚U ˙TNj

˘RÙPeœm.

AlT•VÙLj ˙RÙhPjߤs[ GpXÙ

LÙnL±Lfim ˘T⁄˚U ˙TNj ’Ye°].

øeLfim ·±l TÙ⁄eLs.

T´t£jRÙs 11.3 ˛ £\kRYu VÙo? YZeœRp

$ ÈN¶´‡˚PV‹m ◊PXeLÙ´‡˚PV‹m

˘T⁄˚U˚Vd œZk˚RL˙[ ·\h”m. ©\

LÙnL±L∞u ˘T⁄˚U ·flR˚XŸm

AYoL˙[ ·\h”m.

$ TPjßtœ œZk˚RLs RœkR YiQm

æh”Rp.

$ ÈN¶´‡˚PV‹m ◊PXeLÙ´‡˚PV‹m

R≤jRu˚UL˚[ Jq˘YÙ⁄YWÙLd

·flRp.

$ ˚LlTÙ˚Y (puppet) ˘Nn’ ˘T⁄˚U

·flRp.

˛ YiQm æh•V T´t£jRÙsL˚[

J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄Yo TÙo˚Y´Pp.

˛ ™L‹m £\lTÙL/AZLÙL YiQm æh•V’

VÙo?

Ußl¿”˛ LÙnL±L∞u R≤jRu˚UL˚[d ·\

CVp°\’.

14

˚UVd L⁄j’ 12 LÙkߢ_Vkß

LÙkßj RÙjRÙ˚Y œZk˚RLfidœ ™L‹m ©•dœm. LÙkßV•L˚[d

œ±j’ TÙPpLs, L˚RLs YÙ´XÙL ·”Rp RLYpLs A±V CkR

˚UVdL⁄jßu ˘NVpTÙ”Ls ER‹m. LÙkߢ_Vkß ß]j˚R˘VÙh•

TÙPNÙ˚X˚Vj Án˚U ˘NnV‹m AXeL¨dL‹m C≤l◊ YZeL‹m

©\ BVjRf ̆ NVpTÙ”L˚[l TÙodL‹m Cf˘NVpTÙ”L∞p ReL[Ùp

CVu\ A[‹ Te˙LtL‹m œZk˚RLfidœ YÙnl◊ °˚PdL ̇ Yi”m

GuT˙R CkR ˚UVdL⁄jßu ˙SÙdLm.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. TÙPp ˛ LÙkßjRÙjRÙ

↓

2. T´t£jRÙs 12.1 ˛ ""A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P RVÙ¨l˙TÙm'' YZeœRp.

↓

3. Ts∞˚V AXeL¨lTRtœj ˙R˚YVÙ] ˘TÙ⁄hLs RVÙ¨jRp

(C˚X, LÙ°Rm, YiQeLs).

↓

4. ®˚]‹lT”jßd ·fl˙YÙm ˛ AXeL¨dœm ˘TÙ⁄hLs.

↓

5. UZ˚XVolTs∞ AXeL¨jRp.

↓

6. FoYXm.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 12.1""A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P RVÙ¨l˙TÙm''

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. LÙkߢ_Vkß˙VÙ” ̆ RÙPo◊˚PV TPeLs

Y˚Wk’ YiQm æh”Rp (5).

2. LÙkߢ_Vkß˙VÙ” ̆ RÙPo◊˚PV L˚RLs,

TÙPpLs ˙LhPp / ·flRp.

L⁄j’Ls 1. LÙkߢ_Vkß, œZk˚RLs ß]m ˙TÙu\

ß]eLs Ts∞L∞p ˘LÙiPÙ”Y’i”.

2. ÆZÙdLs ˘RÙPoTÙL ≈”m —tfll◊\ÿm

Ts∞Ÿm AXeL¨lT’i”.

L⁄ÆLs $ ˘Tu£p, °˚WVÙuv.

$ LÙkßV•´u ◊˚LlTPm LÙh£lT”j’Rp.

LÙkßV•´u ©\kRSÙs Ad˙PÙTo ̨ 2 G]

®˚]‹lT”j’Rp.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl LÙkߢ_Vkß ß]jRufl TÙVNm œ•dœm

˙TÙ’ LiQ‡dœ AmUÙ ·±V’

®˚]Ætœ YkR’: ""UL˙], ÿ›Y’m

NÙl©P˙Yi”m. EQ˚Y ≈QÙdLd

·PÙ’. ˙R˚YVÙ]’ Uh”m G”j’f

NÙl©P ˙Yi”m.''

""LiQÙ, Gu]...... TÙVNm œ•dLÆp˚XVÙ?

B£¨˚V ˙LhPÙo. LiQu TÙVNm

œ•dLj ˘RÙPe°]Ùu. œ•jRYoLs

œ•jRYoLs Rm[˚Wd L›Æ ˚YjR]o.

©\œ AYoLs YœlT˚\˚VŸm

—tfll◊\j˚RŸm —jRm ˘NnVj

˘RÙPe°]o.

15

""CqYÙfl Hu —jRm ˘Nn°u\]o Gufl

˘R¨ŸUÙ œZk˚RL˙[?'' B£¨˚V

Gp˙XÙ¨Pÿm ˙LhPÙo. VÙ⁄m G’‹m

·\Æp˚X.

Smÿ˚PV —tfll◊\j˚R Gl˙TÙ’m

—jRUÙLl TÙ’LÙdL ˙Yi”m.

—jRm ˘NnY’ GuT’ LÙkßj RÙjRÙÆu

Sp˘XÙ›dLeL∞p Ju\Ùœm.

—jRm ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi•⁄kR˙TÙ’

LiQ‡dœ CWi” ˘Tu£¤m J⁄

AØlTÙ‡m °˚PjR’. AYu A˚R

B£¨˚V´Pm ˘LÙ”jRÙu.

J⁄ ÿ˚\, G›’YRtLÙL ULÙjUÙ LÙkß

J⁄ ’i”l ̆ Tu£˚Xj ̇ R•˘V”jR L˚R

EeLfidœj ̆ R¨ŸUÙ? B£¨˚V ̇ LhPÙo.

$ L˚R ’i”l ˘Tu£≠u L˚R˚V B£¨˚V

·flRp. (ICT -̨ u ERÆŸP‡m ̆ Y∞´PXÙm.)

$ T´t£jRÙs 12.1 -˛ ""A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P RVÙ¨l˙TÙm.''

A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P´u J⁄ Tœß˚V

◊s∞Ls ̇ TÙh” Y˚Wk’ ÿ›˚UVÙdœRp.

˘TV˘W›’Rp.

Ah˚Pdœ YiQÿm A∞dL ˙Yi”m.

Æ⁄lTÿs[ GkR Y•Yjßp

˙Yi”UÙ]Ù¤m A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P

RVÙ¨dLXÙm.

B£¨˚Vdœ

$ A˚PVÙ[ Ah˚P ˘NnYRtœ SLpLs

G”j’ YZeLXÙm.

Ußl¿”$ LÙkß˙VÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV L˚RL˚[Ÿm

TÙPpL˚[Ÿm LY]UÙLd ˙LhPp.

$ TPj˚R ÿ›˚UVÙd° YiQm æhP

CVp°\’.

16

˚UVd L⁄j’ 13 E´¨]eLs, Y[ol◊

ÆXeœLs, Y[ol◊l

T\˚YLs

≈h•p Y[od°u\ E´¨]eL˚[d œ±j’m A˚YL∞u TVuL˚[d

œ±j’m £X A±‹Ls œZk˚RLfidœ Ei”. A˚R ƨYÙdLm

˘NnV‹m E´¨]eL˚[ TWÙU¨lTRtLÙ] U]®˚X˚V E⁄YÙdL‹m

CkR ˚UVdL⁄j’ YÙ´XÙL CVX ˙Yi”m. TX Y[of£

UiPXeL˚[ Y[oj’m ˘NVpTÙ”LfiPu L⁄j’⁄YÙdLÿm SPdL

˙Yi”m.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. Y[ol◊ ÆXeœLs ˚UVdL⁄jRÙL Y⁄m L˚R ·flRp.

↓

2. ˙TÙXf ˘NnRp (J≠)

↓

3. ˙TÙXf ˘NnRp Æ˚[VÙh”

↓

4. TVt£jRÙs 13.1 ""E´¨]eL˚[ Y˚W˙YÙm'' YZeœRp.

↓

5. œ›lTÙPp (Æ]ÙÆ˚Pl TÙPp ˛ ˘TÙm˚U TdLm 215)

↓

6. TPm Y˚WRp

↓

7. Jtfl˚U ˙Ytfl˚U (T\˚Y/ÆXeœ)

↓

8. ˘T⁄˚U ˙T—Rp.

↓

9. T´t£jRÙs 13.2 ˛ ""Y˚Wk’ C˚Ql˙TÙm'' YZeœRp.

↓

10. L[lTVQm

↓

11. ÁYp ˘RÙœl◊

↓

12. E´¨]eL˚[l TWÙU¨jRp.

↓

13. ˘TÙm˚U Æ˚[VÙh”.

↓

14. T´t£jRÙs 13.3 ˛ "GRtLÙL?' YZeœRp.

↓

15. Æ”L˚R

↓

16. ˘TÙm˚U ˘NnRp Æ˚[VÙh”.

↓

17. T´t£jRÙs 13.4 ˛ ""œflm◊dLÙW œg—L˚[d LÙlTÙtfleLs''

YZeœRp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 13.1 E´¨]eL˚[ Y˚W˙YÙm

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

$ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”

ß\uLs 1. —RkßWUÙLl TPeLs Y˚Wk’ YiQm

æhP CVpRp (°˚WVÙuv, v˘Lf˘Tu) (5).

2. CVt˚L˚V W£dL‹m KÆVeLs YÙ´XÙL

17

˘Y∞lT”jR‹m YiQm æhP‹m

ÿ•°u\’ (80).

L⁄j’ T—, B”, SÙn, È˚], ÿVp, ̇ LÙØ ̇ TÙu\

E´¨]eL˚[ ≈h•p Y[od°˙\Ùm.

L⁄ÆLs $ ˘Tu£p, °˚WVÙuv, v˘Lf˘Tu

„Zp $ E´¨]eL˙[Ù” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV TÙPpLs

TÙ•V ©u]o.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ TÙPp $ GeLs ≈h•p ˙LÙØŸi”

˙LÙØdœ LÙpLs CWiPÙ˙U

GeLs ≈h•p T—‹i”

T—‹dœ LÙpLs SÙuLÙ˙U

..................................................................................

...................................................................................''

œZk˚RLs ©\ E´¨]eL∞u ̆ TVoL˚[

C˚Qj’ ◊’Y¨Ls E⁄YÙd°l TÙ”Rp,

LÙpLfidœl TßXÙL Li, LÙ’ YÙp

˙TÙu\Yt˚\ C˚Qj’m Y¨L˚[ UÙt±l

TÙPh”m.

Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm Æ⁄lTUÙ]

E´¨]eL˚[d œ±j’d ·\ YÙnl◊

A∞jRp.

˚U™e (F˚U S•l◊) : E´¨]eL∞u A˚N‹L˚[ F˚U

S•lTÙL S•j’ ˘Y∞´hP ©u]o.

T´t£jRÙs 13.1 -˛ ""E´¨]eL˚[ Y˚W˙YÙm'' YZeœRp.

$ Æ⁄lTÿs[ CWi” E´¨]eL˚[

—RkßWUÙL Y˚WRp.

$ YiQm æh”Rp.

$ Y˚WkR TPeL˚[d LÙh£lT”j’Rp.

$ Y˚WkR E´¨]jßu Jq˘YÙ⁄

R≤jRu˚UL˚[Ÿm ·flRp.

Ußl¿”$ —RkßWUÙL KÆVeLs Y˚WV CVp°\’.

$ Y˚WkR KÆVeLfidœj RœkR YiQm

A∞j’ AZœT”jRlTh”s[’.

$ Æ⁄lTUÙ] E´¨]eL˚[d œ±j’

RVdL™u± ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 13.2 Y˚Wk’ C˚Ql˙TÙm.

Y[of£ UiPXm $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

ß\uLs $ ≈h•p Y[odœm ÆXeœLs, LÙh”

ÆXeœLs, Y[ol◊l T\˚YLs, LÙh”l

T\˚YLs ˙TÙu\Yt˚\l ©¨jR±V‹m

R≤jRu˚ULs ·\‹m A˚YL∞u

YÙrÆPeL˚[l ©¨jR±k’ ·\‹m

CVpRp (34).

L⁄j’Ls 1. T—, B”, LÙ˚[, SÙn, È˚] ̇ TÙu\Yt˚\

≈h•p Y[od°u˙\Ùm.

2. Y[ol◊ ÆXeœL[Ùp TVuLs Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p

„Zp $ ≈h•p Es[ ÆXeœLs, LÙh”

ÆXeœLs ˙TÙu\Yt˚\d œ±jR

LXk’˚WVÙP¤dœl ©u]o.

18

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl S¨´u ß⁄UQm

U˚ZŸm ˘Y´¤m Ju\ÙL YkR’. aÙn....

F¨¤s[ GpXÙ S¨Lfidœm ß⁄UQm

SPkR’. @˙TÙd≥ S¨´u ß⁄UQm.

SiToLs Gp˙XÙ⁄m Jufl ˙NokR]o.

A˚]Y˚WŸm, A˚ZdL ˙Yi”m,

LÙh•¤s[ GpXÙ ÆXeœL˚[Ÿm

A˚ZjR]o. ©\œ F⁄dœ YkR]o. GpXÙ

≈h” ÆXeœL˚[Ÿm A˚ZjR]o.

""SÙeLs ≈h” ÆXeœLs LÙh•p ®L›m

ß⁄UQjßtœ YkRÙp ˘RÙkRW‹

˘NnYÙoL[Ù?' ' T—‹m, B”m, ©\

ÆXeœLfim ˙LhP].

" "Cp˚X ˘Yq˙Yfl TkR≠p AUWf

˘NnVXÙm.''

œWeLiQu Gp˙XÙ˚WŸm YW˙Yt\’.

(S•l◊ ˛ ""C’ VÙo? VÙ˚] AdLÙYÙ?''

YÙ⁄eLs, AU⁄eLs.....'' Gu\ ÿ˚\´p)

≈h” ÆXeœLs J⁄ TkR≠¤m LÙh”

ÆXeœLs ˙Y˘\Ù⁄ TkR≠¤m.

T—˚Yd LiP’m £eLjßtœ B˚N

YkR’. ""ß⁄UQj˚R AXe˙LÙXUÙdLÙ˙R..''

LW• ®˚]‹lT”jßV’.

£eLm Jj’d˘LÙiP’.

C≤ Æ⁄k’. ARu ©\œ ß⁄UQm.

Gp˙XÙ⁄m Y´fl ®˚\V Æ⁄k’iP]o.

Y´fl ®˚\kR’m ≈h” ÆXeœLs

F⁄dœm LÙh”ÆXeœLs LÙh”dœm

ß⁄m©]o.

$ T´t£jRÙs 13.2 ˛ "Y˚Wk’ C˚Ql˙TÙm' YZeœRp.

$ TPjßp VÙ˘WpXÙm?

$ Jq˘YÙ⁄ ÆXeœm Ge˙L ˙TÙ´⁄dœm?

$ YØ Y˚Wk’ C˚QjRp.

L˚Rd ·tfl

(˘RÙPof£) ß⁄UQ Æ⁄k’ ÿ•kR’m Gp˙XÙ⁄m

˘Nufl ÆhPÙoL˙[, B]Ùp J⁄ Æ`Vm

Gp˙XÙ⁄m U\k’ÆhP]o. Gu] Æ`Vm

U\kß⁄lTÙoLs? S¨´u ß⁄UQ

ÿ·ojRUÙœm˙TÙ’ J⁄ E´¨]m ·P

Ae°p˚X. S¨ UÙUÙ F˚[´hP’. S¨

UÙ™Ÿm F˚[´hP’. GpXÙ S¨Lfim

Jufl ˙Nok’ F˚[´hP]. Gu]˘Yufl

ÆNÙ¨dL Ae˙L VÙo Es[]o? S¨ RÙ≠

Lh•V’. Al˙TÙ’ VÙo œW˚Y C”YÙo?

T\˚YLs ˙LhP]. ¡i”m A˚YLs

F˚[´hP]. S¨Ls Cl˙TÙ’m CWYÙœm

˙TÙ’ F˚[´”m. Æ⁄k’i”

˘Nu\YoL˚[ A˚ZdL˙Y..... ̇ LhTYoLs

·P ˙Lh˙PÙm Gufl LÙh•d ˘LÙs[

UÙhPÙoLs.

Ußl¿”$ LÙh” ÆXeœLfi˚PV‹m SÙh”

ÆXeœLfi˚PV‹m YÙrÆPeL˚[l

©¨jR±k’ Y˚Wk’ C˚QdL CVp°\’.

19

T´t£jRÙs 13.3 ˛ GRtLÙL?

Y[of£ UiPXm $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

ß\u $ Li”©•l◊f ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p D”TP‹m

A‡TYjßu ’˚QŸPu ̆ TÙ’ ÿ•‹Ls

˘Y∞´P‹m CVpRp (31).

L⁄j’Ls 1. T—, B”, LÙ˚[, SÙn, È˚] ̇ TÙu\Yt˚\

≈h•p Y[od°u˙\Ùm.

2. Y[ol◊ ÆXeœL[Ùp TVuLs Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p

„Zp : ≈h•p Y[odœm E´¨]eLs,

A˚YL∞u TVuLs ˙TÙu\˚YL˚[d

·±V ©u]o ˘NVpTÙ”Ls YZeœRp.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ TÙPp ˛ Y[ol◊ ÆXeœLs/˘TÙm˚U TdLm (212)

TÙ”Rp, œZk˚RLs ˙Nok’ TÙ”Rp.

$ LXk’˚WVÙPp ˛ TÙ•V ©\œ E´¨]eL˚[d œ±j’

Æ]‹Rp. ""T—˚Y GRtLÙL Y[oj’°˙\Ùm?''

CqYÙfl Æ]ÙdLs YÙ´XÙL TÙh•¤s[

L⁄j’L˚[l TZdLlT”j’Rp.

T´t£jRÙs 13.3 ˛ "GRtLÙL?' YZeœRp.

$ TPjßu CP’ TdLjߤs[˚Y

G˚Y˘VpXÙm?

$ YX’ TdLjߤs[˚Y G˚Y˘VpXÙm?

Jq˘YÙ⁄ E´¨]jßu TVuL˚[

Y˚Wk’ C˚Ql˙TÙm.

$ ·flRp.

B£¨˚Vdœ : CW£dLj RdLf ˘NVpTÙ”L˚[ YZeL

˙Yi”m. œ±lTÙL L˚Rd·tfl CpXÙR

„Z≠p.

Ußl¿”$ E´¨]eL˚[Ÿm AYt±u TVuL˚[Ÿm

N¨VÙL Y˚Wk’ C˚QdL CVp°\’.

$ E´¨]eL˚[Ÿm AYt±u TVuL˚[Ÿm

·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 13.4 ˛ œflm◊dLÙWd œg—L˚[dLÙlTÙtfleLs

Y[of£ UiPXm $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\u : ÿu˘]›j’f ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p

D”T”°u\]o (13).

L⁄j’ : £X T\˚YL˚[ ≈h•p Y[od°u˙\Ùm.

L⁄ÆLs : T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p

„Zp : ≈h•p Y[oj’m T\˚YL˚[d œ±j’

·±V ©\œ ˘NVpTÙh•p ÷˚ZRp.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl Ko CPjßp J⁄ ̆ Ys˚[j RÙnd˙LÙØŸm

H› œflm◊d œg—Lfim C⁄kR].

RÙnd˙LÙØ ·flY’ G˚RŸm œg—Ls

˙LhTßp˚X. AkRl TdLUÙL SPdLf

˘NÙu]Ùp CkRl TdLUÙL SPlTÙoLs.

CkRl TdLUÙL SPdLf ˘NÙu]Ùp AkRl

TdLm....... ˘TÙfldL ÿ•VÙUp RÙnd˙LÙØ

20

ß]ÿm ˘LÙdLd˙LÙ ˘LÙdLWd˙LÙ Gufl

AX± A›m. J⁄ SÙs TdLjߤs[

UÙUWjßu °˚[´p ˘NmT⁄k’m

SiToLfim YkR]o. YkR’m AYoLs.

π..... π...... π..... Gu\ œg—L∞u A›˚Ld

œW˚Xd ̇ LhP]o. TÙojR ̇ TÙ˙RÙ..... ®˚\V

œg—d ˙LÙØLs. UÙÆu °˚[´p

T⁄k’L˚[d LiP RÙnd˙LÙØ EWdLd

·±V’. ""Æ˚WÆp ·i”dœs HfleLs

œZk˚RL˙[.'' œZk˚RL[ÙY’ HflYRÙY’?

A˚YLs ˘NÙp ˙Tf— ˙LhLÆp˚X.

"'AmUÙ ̇ Yi”UÙ]Ùp HfleLs'' A˚YLs

·±]. TÙYm RÙnd˙LÙØ Gu] ˘NnŸm?

˘NmT⁄k’ T\k’ YkR’. ""TP TP'' NjRm

˙Lh” RÙnd˙LÙØ AX±V’. ""˘LÙdLWd˙LÙ

˘LÙdLWd˙LÙ. . . . ' ' T⁄k’ ·o˚UVÙ]

SLj’Pu RÙrYÙLl T\kR’, J⁄

˙LÙØdœg˚Nl ©•dLl TÙojR’.

Al˙TÙ’RÙu ˙LÙØdœg—Lfidœ

BTj’ Gu]˘Yufl ◊¨kR’. A˚YLs

TVkR]. TVk’ S”e°d ˘LÙi•⁄dœm

˙LÙØdœg—L˚[ ≈h•p ˘LÙi”

˙Nol˙TÙUÙ?

$ T´t£jRÙs 13.4 ˛ "œflm◊dLÙWd œg—L˚[d LÙlTÙtfleLs''

YZeœRp.

$ TPYÙ£l◊ $ TPjßp Gu˘]u]?

$ ˙LÙØdœg—L˚[d ·h•p ̇ NolTRtLÙ]

YØ Y˚WRp.

Ußl¿”$ RY±u± YØ Y˚WdL CVufls[’.

21

˚UVd L⁄j’ 14 Y]ÆXeœLs

LÙh•p TXÆR ÆXeœLs E´oYÙr°u\] Gu\ L⁄j’ E⁄YÙL

˙Yi”m. £±V’m ˘T¨V’UÙ] ©WÙ¶Lfim RÙYW EQ‹ Ei°u\

ÆXeœLfim UÙ™N EQ‹ Ei°u\ ÆXeœLfim Y] ÆXeœL∞p

EhT”°u\] Gu\ L⁄j’m Cm˚UVd L⁄j’ YÙ´XÙLl T¨UÙt\m

˘NnVlTP ˙Yi”m.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. VÙ˚] R˚X˚Vd œ¤d°, LÙ’L˚[ A˚Nj’, B• B• YWh”m.

(Æ˚[VÙh” ˛ A˚N˚Yl ˙TÙXf ˘NnRp).

↓

2. ˘LÙ[Ùx ˘NnRp. (UWeLs).

↓

3. T´t£jRÙs 14.1 ˛ ""◊s∞L˚[ C˚QŸeLs'' YZeœRp.

↓

4. TÙh” TÙ”Rp (J⁄ ÆWp B”m ˙TÙ’)

↓

5. Æ˚[VÙh” ˛ GjR˚] GjR˚]?

↓

6. LÙ˘QÙ∞˚Vl TÙoj’, TÙojRYt±u ˘RÙPo˚Td LÙ¨V

LÙWQj’Pu ˘RÙPo◊T”jßd ·flRp.

↓

7. L˚R (TÙjßW S•l◊, TPm Y˚WRp, S•l◊).

↓

8. TPj˘RÙœl◊ RVÙ¨jRp. (Y] ÆXeœLs/≈h•p Y[odœm

ÆXeœLs/≈h•p Y[odœm T\˚YLs).

↓

9. T´t£jRÙs 14.2 "¥d˙^Ù T£p' A∞jRp.

↓

10. G∞V EPtT´t£ Æ˚[VÙh” (CP’ ˚L, YX’ ˚L, C⁄ ˚LLs

Y¨˚N Y¨˚NVÙL EVoj’˙YÙm).

↓

11. ÆXeœL∞u E⁄YeLs ˘Nn˙YÙm.

↓

12. ˘UÙjRm GjR˚]? (5˛tœ œ˚\YÙ] Gi¶d˚L, LiP±Rp).

↓

13. C˚X ™⁄LdLÙh£ NÙ˚X.

↓

14. œ›lTÙPp, YÙnjRÙ˚W, Æ]Ù Æ˚Pl TÙPp.

↓

15. T´t£jRÙs 14.3 ̨ ""TPj˚Rl TÙoj’d L˚R ·fl˙YÙm'' YZeœRp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 14.1 ˛ ◊s∞L˚[ C˚QŸeLs

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

$ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”

ß\u $ ÿu G›j’f ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p D”TP

CVp°\’ (13).

L⁄j’ $ LÙh•p TX ÆRUÙ] ÆXeœLs

YÙr°u\].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p, °˚WVÙuv.

„Zp $ LÙh•p YÙ›m ÆXeœLs, AYt±u

YÙØPeLs C˚YL˚[d œ±j’s[

LXk’˚WVÙP¤dœl ©\œ.

22

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl : LÙLm Y⁄jRlTh”d˘LÙi•⁄kR’.

UWjßu EVokR °˚[´p ARt˘LÙ⁄ ·”

Es[’. Ae˙L RÙu LÙLm ÿh˚P ̇ TÙ”m.

B]Ùp C˚W˙RPf ˘NuflÆh” ß⁄m©

·h•tœ YkR˙TÙ’ J⁄ ÿh˚P ·P

Ae°p˚X.

ÿh˚P˘VpXÙm Ge˙L? LÙLm Y⁄kßV’.

AqYÙ±⁄dœm ˙TÙ’ LÙLm ÿh˚Pdœd

LÙYXÙL œWe˚L ®V™jR’. œWeœ

UW˘UpXÙm H± C\eœUpXYÙ? C⁄k’m......

J⁄ SÙs A˙RÙ ÿh˚Pj ß⁄Pu Y⁄°\Ùu.

VÙWÙL C⁄dœm? —RkßW ©WßT≠l◊.

T´t£jRÙs 14.1 ˛ ""◊s∞L˚[ C˚QŸeLs'' YZeœRp.

TPYÙ£l◊ $ UWjßp VÙo VÙo?

$ ◊s∞L˚[ C˚QjRp.

$ YiQm æh”Rp.

L˚Rd·tfl (˘RÙPof£) A’ ˘T¨V J⁄ TÙmTÙL C⁄kR’. TÙm◊

UWjßp HflY˚Rd œWeœ TÙojR’. ̆ UpX

˘UpX TÙm◊ UWjßu A⁄˙L Fok’

YkR’. ©u]o ¡i”m ˘U’YÙL Fok’

Fok’ UWjßp H±V’. AP.... ß⁄h”l

TÙm˙T.... œWeœ EWdLd LjßV’. ©u]o

Gu] ®Lrkß⁄dœm? ˘NÙp≠l

TÙol˙TÙUÙ? C˚R˘VpXÙm TÙoj’d˘LÙi”

LÙh•u A˚UfNo ◊≠Ÿm, ◊≠´u SiTu

LW•Ÿm UWjß˙X˙V C⁄kR]o. ·fNp

˙LhP J⁄ T⁄k’m T\k’ Yk’

UWd°˚[´p AUokR’. Gp˙XÙ⁄m

˙Nok’ TÙm˚T ÆWh•]o. ̇ Yfl YØ´u±

TÙm◊m ∏˙Z C\e°V’. ˙YLUÙL Fok’

Rl©jR’. LÙLm ®mUß A˚PkR’.

Ußl¿”$ ◊s∞L˚[ C˚QdL CVp°\’.

$ RœkR YiQm æhP CVp°\’.

$ UWjßp VÙ˘WpXÙm C⁄d°\ÙoLs

GuT˚Rd ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 14.2 ˛ ¥d˙^Ù T£p

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

$ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\uLs 1 ˘TÙ⁄∞u TœßLfidœm ÿ›˚UVÙ]

˘TÙ⁄fidœm C˚P˙VŸs[ ˘RÙPo˚T

Æ[dL CVp°\’ (40).

2. LjR¨d˙LÙp TVuT”jß ̆ YhP CVp°\’

(7).

L⁄j’ $ LÙh•p TX ÆRUÙ] ÆXeœLs

YÙr°u\].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p, LjR¨d˙LÙp, T˚N

„Zp $ TXÆRUÙ] ÆXeœL˚[d œ±j’d

·flRp. ≈h•p Y[odœm ÆXeœLs,

LÙh•p YÙ›m ÆXeœLs, A˚YL∞u

23

R≤jRu˚ULs ̇ TÙu\Yt˚\d œ±j’s[

LXk’˚WVÙP¤dœl ©\œ.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl AmÿÆtœ J⁄ VÙ˚]´u TPm

°˚PjR’. AYs ß]ÿm AlTPj˚R

G”lTÙs. TÙoj’d˘LÙi˙P C⁄lTÙs.

œh•VÙ˚]´Pm ̆ Yq˙Yfl Æ`VeL˚[l

Tt±l ˙T£d˘LÙi•⁄lTÙs. J⁄ SÙs

Amÿ TPj˚Rl TÙoj’d˘LÙi˙P TZm

ßufl ˘LÙi•⁄kRÙs. Al˙TÙ’

œh•VÙ˚] ’m©d˚L˚V øh•V’. Amÿ

J⁄ TZj˚Rd ˘LÙ”jRÙs. UflSÙs Amÿ

˘Y∞´p ˘Nu\ ©u ≈h•¤s[ £fl™,

VÙ˚]´u TPj˚R G”jRÙs. œh•VÙ˚]

˘LÙm˚Td œ¤d°V’. £fl™ LjR¨d˙LÙXÙp

’m©d˚L˚V ˘Yh•]Ùs. ¡i”m

TPj˚Rj ’i” ’iPÙd°]Ùs. ß⁄m©

YkR Amÿ AZj˘RÙPe°]Ùs.

˘YhPlThPj ’i”L˚[f ˙Noj’

VÙ˚]˚V E⁄YÙd° AmÿÆtœd

˘LÙ”l˙TÙUÙ?

$ T´t£jRÙs 14.2 ˛ "¥d˙^Ù T£p' A∞jRp.

T´t£jRÙ∞p TX CPeL∞p LÙi°u\

EPp TœßL˚[ ˘Yh•˘V”j’ R˚W´p

ÿ˚\lT”jß VÙ˚]´u TPm

Y•Y˚Ul˙TÙUÙ?

$ B£¨˚Vdœ ˛ T´t£jRÙs SLp G”j’ ̆ NVpTÙ” ̆ NnV

˙Yi”m.

Ußl¿”$ ’i”L˚[ ˘Yh• G”d°\ÙoLs.

$ R˚W´p ÿ˚\l T”j’°\ÙoLs.

T´t£jRÙs 14.3 ˛ "TPj˚Rl TÙoj’d L˚R·fl˙YÙm'

Y[of£ UiPXm $ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\u $ TPeLs, ˘TÙ⁄hLs, CVt˚L

B°VYt˚\l TÙoj’ (ÿu YÙ£jRp)

L⁄j’Ls ·\ CVp°\’ (14).

L⁄j’ $ LÙh•p TXÆRUÙ] ÆXeœLs Es[].

L⁄Æ $ L˚RlTPm

„Zp $ Y] ÆXeœL˚[d œ±j’d ·±d˘LÙi”

L˚RlTPj˚Rl TZdLlT”j’Rp.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ T´t£jRÙs 14.3 ˛ "TPj˚Rl TÙoj’d L˚R ·fl˙YÙm' YZeœRp.

$ TPYÙ£l◊ $ VÙ˘WpXÙm TPjßp C⁄d°\ÙoLs?

$ Ae˙L Gu] ®Lr°\’?

$ L˚R ·flRp $ œZk˚RLs TPj˚Rl TÙoj’ —VUÙLd

L˚R ·flRp.

$ L˚Rd ·tfl $ B£¨˚V L˚R˚V Y¨˚NVÙL ̆ Y∞´”Rp.

TP TP T˙PÙ.... ̆ T¨V NjRm. Gu˘]u]˙YÙ

C•k’ Æ›°\’. UWeLs B• A˚N°\’.

Ui C•k’ Æ›°\’. A˚]j’

ÆXeœLfim TVkR]. ""SU’ U˚X˚V

U≤RoLs C•j’d˘LÙi” ˘Np°u\]o.''

S¨ ·±V’.

24

I˙VÙ ! Gu] ˘Nn˙YÙm? Gp˙XÙ⁄m

TVkR]o. "UWeL˚[˘VpXÙm ˘Yh•

G”d°u\]o.' °∞Ls ·±].

Íe°p LÙh•≠⁄k’ ˘TiVÙ˚]Ls

(©•VÙ˚]Ls) YkR].

" "SÙm JuflThPÙp SU’ U˚X˚Vd

LÙlTÙt\XÙm.''

SUd°e˙L SXUÙL YÙZ‹m ˘NnVXÙm.

VÙ˚]Ls ·±].

""ARtœ Gu] YØ?'' ÆXeœLs ˙LhP].

"YØŸi”.' VÙ˚] ·±V’.

VÙ˚], £flj˚R, LW•, LÙh˘P⁄˚U, S¨,

UÙu, ∏¨, TÙm◊, T\˚YLs... . GpXÙm

FoYXUÙL U˚X˚V C•lTYoL∞u

A⁄˙L ˘Nu\]. VÙ˚] ©∞±V’. S¨

F˚[´hP’, £flj˚R ˙LÙTj’Pu

Efl™V’. TÙm◊Ls ·hPUÙL Fok’

YkR]. T\˚YLs R˚X´p ˘LÙjß].

"I˙VÙ LÙlTÙtfleLs'

U˚X˚V C•j’d˘LÙi•⁄kR U≤RoLs

K•j Rl©jR]o. GpXÙ ÆXeœLfim

EWdLf £¨jR]. C≤ Ce˘LpXÙm

˘YhPlThP UWeL∞u LuflL˚[ SP

˙Yi”m. SUdœm —LUÙL YÙZ‹m

˘NnVXÙm.'' ÆXeœLs J˙W œW≠p ·±].

B£¨˚Vdœ : œZk˚RL˚[d ˘LÙi” L˚R E⁄YÙdœm

ÿ˚\´p Jq˘YÙ⁄ LÙh£dœm RœkR

˙LsÆLs ˙Lh” ˘NVpTÙ” ˘NnVXÙm.

Ußl¿”$ TPm TÙoj’ —VUÙL L˚R ·\ CVp°\’.

25

˚UVd L⁄j’ 15 Ui, ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘N•Ls Ui¶p Y[o°u\]. Ui◊›, Gflm◊, L˚WVÙu, œØVÙ˚]

˙TÙu\ E´¨]eLs Ui¶p Es[]. U≤RoLs TXÆRUÙ]

˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. Æ˚RLs Æ˚Rj’m Lm◊Ls Fu±Ÿm

˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnVd L⁄ÆLs

˙R˚YVÙœm. ÆXeœLs, CVkßWeLs ˙TÙu\˚Y ˙Y[Ùi˚Udœ

ER‹°u\].

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. Ui˚Ql TVuT”jß Æ˚[VÙ”Rp (Èkßh” Æ˚[VÙh”˛

Æ£p FßV ©\œ œ±l©hP ̇ SWjßtœs ̊ L´p Ui˚Q As∞

G”j’ £±V œÆVp A˚UjRp.

↓

2. Ui¶p Y˚WRp. (UQp Rh”/ R˚W´p ̨ UQ≠p, TPm Y˚WRp,

˛ œßeLÙp Fu±/Ui¶p YhPm Y˚WRp, YhPj˚R

E´¨]eL∞u TPUÙL UÙtflRp)

↓

3. UQp TPm RVÙ¨jRp (˘N•´u TPm/Gp˚Xd˙LÙ”L∞p T˚N

˙Rnj’ UQp ÁÆ RVÙ¨jRp) ˛ YiQm A∞jRp.

↓

4. UQ≠p LhA‹h” ˘N• S”Rp (˘N•L∞u LhA‹h”L˚[

A∞jRp. ÆZÙUp ®fljR ÿ•ŸUÙ? Ui œÆVpLs A˚Uj’

LhA‹h˚P ®˚X ®flj’Rp)

↓

5. ˘N•Ls Ge˘LpXÙm? (LXk’˚WVÙPp, Sh◊d LXk’˚WVÙPp

˙TÙu\Yt±tœl ©\œ UWeLs Ge˙L? YiQm æh”Rp UWm

Y˚WRp, Y˚Wk’ C˚QjRp).

↓

6. Ui˚Qd œ±jR TÙPp ˛ ""BaÙ! SpX £flR¨ UQp. ◊u]˚L

Á‹m £flR¨ UQp.''

↓

7. Ui˚Qd œ˚ZjRp, E⁄YeLs E⁄YÙdLXÙm. Ui AlTm

˘Nn’ Æ˚[VÙPXÙm. (1˛3 Gi¶d˚L)

↓

8. T´t£jRÙs 15.1 ˛ "Ui¶¤s[ SiToLs' YZeœRp.

↓

9. Ts∞´u —tfll◊\jßp Gu˘]u] ˘N•Ls? Gu˘]u]

˙Y[Ùi˚U?

↓

10. TPd LiLÙh£ (v˚X” ˙`Ù/NÙoh”) / CVt˚L˚V Etfl ˙SÙd°

SPjRp.

↓

11. ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘TVoLs ·flRp.

↓

12. T´t£jRÙs 15.2 ˛ ""SÙÿm ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘Nn˙YÙm, YZeœRp.

↓

13. ˙Y[Ùi˚U ®Xjßp Gu˘]u] E´¨]eLs? / ˙Y[Ùi

L⁄ÆLs (I.£.•)

↓

14. TPeL˚[d LÙi©dœm ˙TÙ’ ˘TVo/TVu ·flRp.

↓

15. UQp Rh•p A˚Ul˙TÙm (˙N˚]/YÙ˚Zdœ˚X) TÙPp TÙPXÙm.

Htfl TÙPXÙm.

↓

16. ≈h•p ˘NnŸm ˙Y[Ùi˚U (Sh◊d LXk’˚WVÙPp)

26

↓

17. ˙Y[Ùi˚U TÙPpLs TÙ”Rp (˘TÙm˚U TdLm 214)

↓

18. T´t£jRÙs 15.3 ˛ "·h” ˙Y[Ùi˚U' YZeœRp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 15.1 Ui¶¤s[ SiToLs

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

$ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

ß\uLs 1 ˘TÙ⁄hLfi˚PV‹m ®Lr‹Lfi˚PV‹m

TPeL˚[ EtfllTÙoj’ RLYpL˚[Ÿm

Li” ©•l◊L˚[Ÿm ̆ Y∞´P CVp°\’

(21).

2 Im◊XuL˚[l TVuT”jß ˘TÙ⁄hLs

E´¨]eLs B°VYt˚\ Etfl˙SÙd°

£\l©Vp◊L˚[d Li” ©•dL‹m

YÙn˘UÙØVÙL ˘Y∞´P‹m CVp°\’

(30).

L⁄j’ $ Ui¶p E´¨]eLs Es[].

L⁄ÆLs : E´¨]eL˚[ Etfl˙SÙdœm L⁄Æ

(˚L˘Xuv)

„Zp $ Ui œ˚Zl˙TÙm, E⁄YeLs

E⁄YÙdœ˙YÙm ˘NVpTÙh•tœl ©\œ.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl : ˙LÙØ AmUÙ Ui˚Qd °[±V’.

œg—Ls —t± ®u\]. ""A˙RÙ J⁄ TÙm◊!''

˙LÙØd œg— ˘NÙu]’. Ut\ œg—Ls

TVkR]. ""Ge˙L?'' RÙnd˙LÙØ ˙LhP’.

A˙RÙ AkR C˚X´u A•´p.' '

RÙnd˙LÙØ C˚X˚Vj ß⁄l©l ˙TÙhP’.

˚LŸm Cp˚X LÙ¤m Cp˚X. Y˚[k’

˘S∞k’ °Pd°\’. R˚XŸi”, YÙ¤i”,

øiP EPm◊m Ei”. Gu\Ù¤m C’ TÙm◊

ApX. ""Gu\Ùp C’ VÙo?'' ' 'Ui◊›,

Ui◊›˙Y RÙu''. Ui◊› L•dLÙ’. ""Ge˙L

TÙodLh”m?'' ̇ LÙØdœg—Ls YhP™hP].

I˙VÙ! A˚Rd LÙQÆp˚X! ""AmUÙ, A’

UiQÙ° ÆhP’. ""UiQÙ° ÆPÆp˚X

Ui¶¤s[ £±V ’˚[dœs ÷˚Zk’

ÆhP’.''AmUÙ ·±]Ùs. ""Ui◊›˚Yj

ßu]XÙUÙ?'' J⁄ ˙LÙØdœg— ˙LhP’.

""ßu]XÙ˙U!'' ""G]dœ Ui◊› ˙Yi”m.''

G]dœm ̇ Yi”m.'' Gp˙XÙ⁄m ̇ LhP]o.

RÙnd˙LÙØ °[±l TÙojR’. Ui◊›

°˚PdLÆp˚X. " "Gp˙XÙ⁄m YÙeL,

˙TÙLXÙm'' A˚YLs SPkR]. A˚YLs

˘Nu\’m Ui◊› ˘UpX R˚X˚V

øh•V’. ß⁄m©l TÙojR ˙LÙØdœg—

A˚Rl TÙojR’. K•f ˘Nufl ˘LÙjß

C›dL C›dL ¡i”m ¡i”m Yk’

˘LÙi˙P´⁄kR’.

Ut\ œg—Lfim YkR]. "H˙X˙XÙ IXNÙ.....'

Jtfl˚UŸPu C›jR]. Ui◊› ̆ Y∞˙V

YkR’. ""AmUÙ CRtœ LÙp Cp˚X.''

""AmUÙ, CRtœ YÙp Cp˚X.'' AmUÙ

27

CRtœf £\œ Cp˚X ''CRu YÙn Ge˙L?''

˙LÙØd œg—Lfidœ Nk˙RLm! ""A˘RpXÙm

Al◊\m ·fl°˙\u. LÙLm G”j’f

˘Np¤m ÿu NÙl©PXÙm.''

˙LÙØ AmUÙ œg—Lfidœ Ui¶˚W

©¨VÙ¶ N˚Uj’d ˘LÙ”jR’.

T´t£RÙs 15.1 ˛ "Ui¶¤s[ SiToLs' YZeœRp.

˙LhP L˚R´¤s[ GkR ®Lr‹Ls

TPjßp Es[] G]d œZk˚RLs

·\h”m. L˚R˚V ÿ›˚UVÙLf ˘NÙpX

˚YdLXÙm. Ui◊›‹m ˙LÙØdœg—m

E˚WVÙ”Y’m BLXÙm. Ui◊›˚Yj

ßu\ ©\œ ˙LÙØdœg—Ls ˙LhP]:

""AmUÙ, Ui¶tœs ˙Yfl E´¨]eLs

EiPÙ?'' ""EiPpXYÙ'' ""Gu˘]˘YpXÙm?''

""SÙu ©\œ LÙh•j R⁄°˙\u.''

œZk˚RL∞Pm ˛ EeLfidœj ˘R¨ŸUÙ?

Gufl ˙LhPp, ˚L B• (˘Xuv) ´u

ERÆŸPu Ui¶¤s[ £fl

E´¨]eL˚[ Etfl ˙SÙdœRp. AkR

E´¨]eL∞u R≤jRu˚UL˚[d ·flRp.

B£¨˚Vdœ : TPjßp Es[ R≤jRu˚ULs ·flRp

GuT’ RÙu ß\u. AR]Ùp 3 TPeL˚[Ÿm

A•lT˚PVÙL ˚Yj’d ˘LÙi”

Jq˘YÙ⁄ œZk˚RL˚[d ˘LÙi”m ·\

˚YdL ˙Yi”m. AR‡Pu Ui◊›Æu

©WßT≠l◊m BLXÙm,

Ußl¿”$ L˚R˚Vd LY]UÙLd ˙Lh” L˚R´u

®Lr‹L˚[l TPm TÙoj’d ·\ CVp°\’.

$ Ui¶¤s[ E´¨]eL˚[ Etfl ˙SÙd°

R≤jRu˚ULs ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 15.2 ˛ SÙÿm ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘Nn˙YÙm

Y[of£ UiPXm $ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. TPeLs, ˘TÙ⁄hLs, CVt˚L

B°VYt˚\l TÙoj’ (ÿuYÙ£l◊)

L⁄j’Ls ·\ CVp°\’ (14).

2. ˘TÙ⁄hLfi˚PV‹m ®Lr‹Lfi˚PV‹m

TPeL˚[ EtfllTÙoj’ RLYpL˚[Ÿm

Li”©•l◊L˚[Ÿm ̆ Y∞´P CVp°\’

(21).

L⁄j’Ls 1. U≤Ru TX ÆRUÙ] ˙Y[Ùi˚U˚Vf

˘Nn°\Ùu.

2. ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnVd L⁄ÆLs ˙R˚Y.

3. ÆXeœLs, CVkßWeLs ˙TÙu\˚Y

˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnV ER‹°\’.

„Zp : CVt˚L˚V Etfll TÙoj’ SPjRp,

˙Y[Ùi ˘TVo ·flRp ˙TÙu\

˘NVpTÙ”Lfidœl ©\œ.

L⁄ÆLs $ TVt£jRÙs, TPeLs

$ L˚Rd·tfl : ""AmUÙ, AmUÙ SUdœl ˙TÙ’UÙ] A[‹

A¨£Ÿm ˙NÙflm ≈h”dLÙWoLs

R⁄Yßp˚X˙V! J⁄ ©• A¨£ RÙu

R⁄°\ÙoLs'' ˙LÙØd œg— AmUÙÆPm

28

◊LÙo ˘NÙu]’. ""SÙÿm ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘Nn˙YÙm.'' A¨£ EtTjß ˘NnVXÙm.

Y´fl ®WmTj ßu]XÙm. "˙Y˘\Ù⁄ ̇ LÙØd

œg— ·±V’.

""A’ N¨RÙu.''

""GlT• ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnY’?'' YÙeL.

""YV¤dœf ̆ Nufl SÙm TÙoj’l T•l˙TÙm''

RÙnd˙LÙØŸm œg—Lfim Y¨˚N

Y¨˚NVÙL YV˚X ˙SÙd° SPkR].

(œZk˚RLs Y¨˚N Y¨˚NVÙL SPdL

˙Yi”m. ˚L ≈£ SPkR]. LÙpLs øh•

˚Yj’ SPkR].) S•l◊.

AYoLs YVp YWm©p ˘Nufl ˙NokR]o.

Pooo. . . . . Pooo. . . . YV≠p J⁄ YÙL]m

Kh”°\ÙoLs. ARtœl ©u]Ùp ®˚\V

˘LÙdœLs. ˘LÙdœL˚[l TÙoj’l TVk’

YÙL]m K”Y’ ˙TÙp ˙RÙuflm. ""AkR

Yi•´u ˘TV˘Wu] AmUÙ? ""•WÙdPo!''

PÙdPo U⁄j’YU˚]´p ApXYÙ

C⁄lTÙo? £u]dœg—d˙LÙØdœ

Nk˙RLm. "PÙdPo' ApX. "•WÙdPo' AmUÙ

˘R∞YÙL EfN¨j’d ·±V’.

(œZk˚RLfim ·\h”m) ˘LÙdœLs

•WÙdP⁄dœl ©u]Ùp Hu SPd°\’?

""•WÙdP¨u ©uTdLm TÙ⁄eLs. Ui˚Q

E›’ ˙TÙ”Y’ TÙojæoL[Ù? Al˙TÙ’

˘Y∞´p YWd·•V £fl E´¨]eL˚[d

˘LÙjßj ßu‡m.'' Ui˚Q E›R ©u]o

Gu] ˘NnYÙoLs? ""Æ˚R Æ˚RlTÙoLs''

AmUÙ ˘NÙu]’. SmUÙp ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘NnV ÿ•VÙ’. J⁄ ˙LÙØdœg— ·±V’.

""Hu AlT•?'' ˙Y˘\Ù⁄ ˙LÙØd œg—

˙LhP’.

""SUdœ •WÙdPo Cp˚X˙V.''

" "A’ TWYÙ´p˚X. ˘LÙmTu

LÙ˚[VÙ]Ù¤m ˙TÙ’m'' . RÙnd˙LÙØ

˘NÙu]’.

A˚YLs ˘LÙmTu LÙ˚[´u TdLjßp

˘Nu\]: ""˘LÙmTu Ai˙Q, ˘LÙmTu

Ai˙Q GeLfidœ ERÆ ˘Nn≈oL[Ù?''

" "G]d˘Lu] R⁄≈oLs?'' ˘LÙmTu

˙LhPÙu,

""ÿh˚P RWXÙm.''

" "a... . . .a... .a... ' ' ˘LÙmTu YÙnÆh”f

£¨jR’. ""SÙu ÿh˚P NÙl©P UÙh˙Pu''

˚Yd˙LÙ˘XpXÙm ø G”j’d˘LÙs! G]

RÙnd˙LÙØ ·±V’. ˘LÙmTu Jj’d

˘LÙiP’.'' A˚YLs ·h” ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘NnR]. A˚YLs ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘NnY˚Rl TÙ⁄eLs.

T´t£jRÙs 15.2 ˛ ""SÙÿm ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘Nn˙YÙm'' YZeœRp.

$ TPYÙ£l◊ $ TPjßp Gu˘]u] TÙod°»oLs?

$ Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄m Jq˘YÙ⁄ L⁄j’Ls

·flRp.

$ ˙Y[Ùi TÙPp $ ˘TÙm˚U TdLm 214 p Es[ TÙPp TÙ”Rp

Ußl¿”$ TPeL˚[ Etfl ˙SÙd° L⁄j’L˚[l

◊¨k’ ̆ LÙi” T°ok’ ̆ LÙs[ CVp°\’.

29

$ ˙Y[Ùi ˙Y˚XL∞p ÆXeœLs,

CVkßWeLs ˙TÙu\Yt±u TVuLs

Gu˘]u] GuT˚Rd ·\ CVp°\’.

$ ˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnŸm ÿ˚\L˚[d ·\

CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 15.3 ˛ "·h” ˙Y[Ùi˚U'

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

$ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”

$ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. L˚Rl TPj˚R Etfl ˙SÙd° L˚R˚V

F°j’d ·\ CVp°\’ (19).

2. —VUÙL L˚RLs, E⁄YÙdL‹m ˘NÙpX‹m

LRÙlTÙjßWeL˚[ S•j’d LÙhP‹m

CVp°\’ (74).

L⁄j’Ls 1. U≤Ru TX ÆRUÙ] ˙Y[Ùi˚U

˘Nn°\Ùu.

2. Æ˚RLs Æ˚Rj’m Lm◊Ls Fu±Ÿm

˙Y[Ùi˚U ˘NnVXÙm.

L⁄ÆLs : T´t£jRÙs, °˚WVÙuv

„Zp : ˙Y[Ùi TÙPpLs TÙ•V ©\œ.

˘NVpÿ˚\ : œhPu A¶¤m œ[d˙LÙØŸm YÙ˚Z

ShP L˚R´u ÿRtTœß˚V Uh”m

Yœl©p A±ÿLlT”j’Rp.

T´t£jRÙs 15:3 ˛ "·h” ˙Y[Ùi˚U' YZeœRp.

$ TPj˚Rl TÙoj’d L˚R˚V

F°j’d ·flRp

$ ÿRp TPj˚Rl TÙ⁄eLs. Cßp VÙo VÙo

Es[]o? AYoLs Gu] ˘Nn°u\]o?

Hu AqYÙfl ̆ Nn°\ÙoLs? AYoLfidœl

˘TVo „h”˙YÙUÙ? C’ J⁄ L˚R. J⁄

CPjßp J⁄..... ¡ß˚V VÙWÙp ˘NÙpX

ÿ•Ÿm? CRu ˘RÙPof£˚V VÙWÙp ·\

ÿ•Ÿm? CqYÙfl œ±l◊Ls A∞j’

œZk˚RL˚[d ˘LÙi˙P L˚R˚Vf

˘NÙpX ˚YdL ˙Yi”m.

$ TP YÙ£l◊ $ TPjßp Gu˘]u]?

$ ˙N˚] ÆYNÙVm ˘Nn’ ÿ•jR ©\œ

A¶¤dœm ̇ LÙØdœm Gu] °˚PjR’?

$ YÙ˚Z ÆYNÙVjßu ÿ•Æ˙XÙ?

$ UQp Rh” TVuT”jß L˚R ·flRp.

$ øeL[ÙL C⁄kRÙp Jq˘YÙ⁄ ÿ˚\Ÿm

Gu] ˘Nn≈oLs? ˙LsÆ ˙LhPp.

$ —RkßW ©WßT≠l◊

$ YÙ˚Z ÆYNÙVjßtœ YiQm æh”eLs.

Ußl¿”$ L˚RlTPm TÙoj’ TPj˚R Æ[d°d ·\

CVp°\’.

$ ˙N˚] ÆYNÙVjߤm, YÙ˚Z

ÆYNÙVjߤm Æ˚[TXu Gu] Gufl

LiP±k’ ·\ CVp°\’.

$ YÙ˚Z ÆYNÙVjßtœj RœkR YiQm

æhP CVp°\’.

30

˚UVd L⁄j’ 16 ˘RÙØp

AlTÙ‹m AmUÙ‹m Ru‡˚PV —tflYhPÙWjߤs[YoLfim TtTX

˘RÙØpL˚[f ̆ Nn°\ÙoLs Gufl œZk˚Rdœj ̆ R¨Ÿm. ̇ Y[Ùi˚U

Gu\ ˚UVdL⁄j˙RÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV ˘RÙØpL˚[d œ±j’m

˘RÙØtL⁄ÆL˚[d œ±j’s[ œZk˚R´‡˚PV ÿu]±‹dœ

ÿu‡¨˚U A∞j’d ˘LÙi” "˘RÙØp' Gu\ ˚UVdL⁄j˙RÙ”

˘RÙPo◊˚PV ˘NVpTÙ”Ls ßhP™P‹m T´t£jRÙsL˚[l

TVuT”jR‹m ˙Yi”m.

ReLfi˚PV ≈”L∞p TX ˘RÙØpL∞p D”T”m SToLs Es[]o

Guflm Jq˘YÙ⁄ ̆ RÙؤdœm Tp˙Yfl L⁄ÆLs TVuT”j’°\ÙoLs

Guflm œZk˚Rdœj ˘R¨Ÿm. ≈h•¤m N˚UVp A˚\´¤m

TVuT”j’m L⁄ÆLs/˘RÙØtL⁄ÆL˚[ ÆVl◊Pu EtfllTÙodL‹m

TVuT”jR‹m œZk˚Rdœj Ái”Rp ̆ LÙ”dL ̇ Yi”m. ̇ Y[Ùi˚U,

≈h” ̇ Y˚X, E⁄YÙdLf ̆ NVpTÙ”Ls ̇ TÙu\ Jq˘YÙ⁄ ̆ RÙØ≠tœm

E˚Zl◊ ˙R˚YVÙœm Guflm ˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm˙TÙ’ °˚Pdœm ·≠

Y⁄YÙndLÙ] YØVÙœm Gu\ A±‹m ˘T\ ˙Yi”m.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. œ⁄m˚T G”jRp Æ˚[VÙh”.

↓

2. œ⁄m˚T ˛ v˘P˘Rv˙LÙl E⁄YÙdœRp.

↓

3. L˚R ˙Lh˙TÙm ˛ YVp E›R D (˘TÙm˚U TdLm 196).

↓

4. T´t£jRÙs 16.1 ""˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm CPm G’?'' YZeœRp.

↓

5. ˘RÙØp TÙPp (EeLfi˚PV SÙh•˘XpXÙm.......).

↓

6. L⁄ÆLs Gu˘]u]? (Jh•f ˙NojRp).

↓

7. ≈h•p Es[ ˙Y˚XLs (™u]h˚P).

↓

8. T´t£jRÙs 16.2 ˛ "N˚UVX˚\´p ER‹TYoLs' YZeœRp.

↓

9. ˙Nok’ TÙ”˙YÙm........ (N˚UVX˚\d L⁄ÆL˙[Ù” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV

Æ˚P ·\XÙm, £fl LÆ˚RLs, Æ”L˚R, TZ˘UÙØLs).

↓

10. L⁄ÆLs E⁄YÙdœ˙YÙm (L∞Ui, El◊+˚URÙ).

↓

11. B¶ A•l˙TÙm ˛ ©”e° G”l˙TÙm (vœ⁄, —jßVp,

vœ⁄•˚WYo TVuT”j’Rp).

↓

12. L˚R ˙Lh˙TÙm ˛ ˘Yh”d°∞Ÿm Gflm◊m TdLm (197).

↓

13. N˚UVX˚\´p Es[ E˚Zl◊ (˙YP™h” Æ˚[VÙ”Rp/ ̇ TÙXf

˘NnRp Æ˚[VÙh”/A’ ˙TÙufl ˘NVpTÙh” Æ˚[VÙPp

(L⁄ÆLs °tfl).

↓

14. ˙Y˚X ˘NnRÙp ˛ ·≠. L[f£/œ⁄m˚T ˘TÙfldœRp ˛

Æ˚[VÙh” (·”Rp ·≠ °˚PjR’ VÙ⁄dœ).

↓

15. ≈” Lh”Y˚Rl TÙol˙TÙm /YV¤dœf ˘Np˙YÙm. (HRÙY’

˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm CPj˚Rl TÙo˚Y´”Rp).

31

↓

16. ≈” LhP Gu˘]u] ̇ Y˚X? (˘S°Ød Lh˚PL˚[l TVuT”jß

≈” Lh”Rp).

↓

17. TÙPp TÙ”˙YÙm ˛ (Gu ≈”.... SpX ≈”).

↓

18. G]dœ Gu˘]u] ̇ Yi”m? æl˘Th•, Dod°p, LÙo”˙TÙo” ©\

˘TÙ⁄hLs TVuT”jß Æ˚[VÙh”l ˘TÙ⁄hLs ˘Nn˙YÙm.

↓

19. ˘RÙØp, ˘RÙØtL⁄ÆLs C˚YL∞u TPeL˚[j ßWh•

TPj˘RÙœl◊ RVÙ¨l˙TÙm.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 16.1 ˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm CPm G’?

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. TÙoj’m ̇ Lh”m ◊¨k’ ̆ LÙiP ®Lr‹Ls,

RLYpLs, L˚RLs B°VYt±p L⁄j’

CZl¿” CpXÙUp ©\⁄Pu T°ok’

˘LÙs[ CVp°\’ (16).

2. ˘TÙ⁄hLfi˚PV‹m ®Lr‹Lfi˚PV‹m

TPeL˚[ Etfll TÙoj’ RLYpL˚[Ÿm

Li” ©•l◊L˚[Ÿm ̆ Y∞´P CVp°\’

(21).

L⁄j’ 1. SU’ SÙh•p TX ˘RÙØpLs ˘NnTYoLs

Es[]o.

2. Jq˘YÙ⁄ ˘RÙØ˙XÙ”j ˘RÙPo◊˚PV

˘RÙØp CPeLfim ˘RÙØtL⁄ÆLfim

Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs

„Zp $ "YVp E›R D' Gu\ L˚R˚Vd ·±V ©\œ.

(˘TÙm˚U TdLm 197)

˘NVp Y¨˚N

LXk’˚WVÙPp $ LÙ˚[ Ge˙L ̆ Nu\’? GRtLÙLf ̆ Nu\’?

®Xj˚R E›Y’ GRtLÙL? LÙ˚[´u

˙Y˚X Gu]? ®Xj˚R E›YRtœ ERÆ

˘NnY’ G’? C’ ˙TÙu\ ˙Y[Ùi

˙Y˚XL˚[l Tt±V Sh◊d LXk’˚WVÙPp.

T´t£jRÙs 16.1 ˛ "˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm CPm G’? YZeœRp.

TPYÙ£l◊ $ TPjßp VÙ˘WpXÙm? Gu]˘YpXÙm?

$ Gu˘]u] ˘RÙØp ˘Nn°\YoLs?

$ Gu˘]u] L⁄ÆLs?

Ußl¿”$ TPj˚R Etfl ˙SÙd° ˘RÙØpLs,

˘RÙØtL⁄ÆLs, ˘RÙØp ˘NnŸm CPm

˙TÙu\Yt˚\d ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 16.2 N˚UVX˚\´p ER‹TYoLs

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

$ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. —tfll◊\eL∞¤s[ ˘TÙ⁄hLs, ®Lr‹Ls,

R]’ A‡TYeLs, ®˚X˚ULs

B°VYt±u £\l©Vp◊Ls CYt˚\f

˘NÙkR A‡TYeL∞u A•lT˚P´p

Ju˙\Ù˘PÙufl ˘RÙPo◊ T”jßd ·\

CV¤m (22).

2. ˘TÙ⁄hLfi˚PV‹m ®Lr‹Lfi˚PV‹m

TPeL˚[ Etfll TÙoj’ RLYpL˚[Ÿm

32

Li” ©•l◊L˚[Ÿm ̆ Y∞´P CVp°\’

(21).

L⁄j’ $ ˘RÙØp ˘NnYRtœ ˘RÙØp L⁄ÆLs

˙R˚Y.

L⁄ÆLs $ ©[dLÙo”, T´t£jRÙs, v˘Lhf ˘Tu.

„Zp $ TX ˘RÙØpL˚[l TÙodœm ˙TÙ’ ™L‹m

ÿd°VUÙ] ˘RÙØp ≈h•¤s[

˙Y˚XLs, ≈h•¤s[ ˙Y˚XL˙[Ù”

˘RÙPo◊˚PV ™u]h˚PLs˛ ˘NVpTÙ”

7˛ u ˘RÙPof£VÙL T´t£jRÙs

TVuT”jR ˙Yi”m. ClTVt£jRÙs

TVuT”j’YRu YÙ´XÙL ˘NVpTÙ” ˛

9 u Æ”L˚R A±ÿLm ˘NnV‹m 10˛u

L⁄ÆLs E⁄YÙdL ER‹YRÙL‹m

A˚UŸm (BVjRm).

˘NVpY¨˚N $ ≈h•¤s[ ˙Y˚XL˙[Ù” ˘RÙPo◊s[

™u]h˚PL˚[ 2 ≈Rm 4 œ›dLfidœ

A∞jRp.

œ› 1 $ ™d≥´p/Am™´p A˚WjRp.

AlTÙ R˚W˚V —jRm ˘NnRp.

œ› 2 $ AlTÙ ’¶ NX˚Y ˘NnRp. AmUÙ EWp/

°˚WiPo CVdœRp.

œ› 3 $ AlTÙ ’¶ NX˚Y ˘NnRp. AmUÙ

˘N•dœ øo TÙnf—Rp.

œ› 4 $ AlTÙ ˙ReLÙn E¨jRp. AmUÙ ˙Rnl◊

˘Th•VÙp ’¶ ˙RnjRp.

Jq˘YÙ⁄ œ›‹m °˚PjR LÙo”L˚[ Etfld LY≤jRp.

$ TPjßp Gu]?

$ VÙo ˙Y˚X ˘Nn°\Ùo? (AlTÙ/AmUÙ)

$ Gu˘]u] L⁄ÆL˚[ Jq˘YÙ⁄

˘RÙØ≠¤m TVuT”j’°\ÙoLs?

$ TPjߤs[ ®Lr‹L˚[ S•jRp.

œ›dLs ·flY˚R B£¨˚V ˘ULÙ@˙TÙu ˘NnRp.

Sh◊d LXk’˚WVÙPp

$ AmUÙ‹m AlTÙ‹m ˙Y˚XLs

˘NnŸm˙TÙ’ øeLs AYoLfidœ ERÆ

˘Nn≈oL[Ù?

$ ≈h•¤s[ ˙Y˚XL˚[ Gp˙XÙ⁄m

˙Nok’RÙ]Ù ˘Nn°»oLs?

˘RÙPok’ T´t£jRÙs 16.2 ̨ "N˚UVX˚\´p ER‹TYoLs' YZeœRp.

$ Gu˘]u] L⁄ÆLs TPjßp Es[]?

$ N˚UVp A˚\´p Es[ L⁄ÆL˚[

N˚UVp A˚\dœd ˘LÙi” ˘Np¤eLs.

$ Jq˘YÙ⁄ L⁄ÆLfim GqYÙfl ER‹°u\]

Gufl ·flRp. Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm YÙnl◊

A∞dL ˙Yi”m.

$ C˚QdLÙR TPeL∞u LÙWQm ·flRp.

(G”: ©dLÙv ˛ Ui˚Qd ˘LÙj’Rp)

Ußl¿”$ N˚UVp A˚\´p/≈h•p TVuT”j’m

L⁄ÆLs AYt±u TVuL˚[l ©¨jR±k’

C˚QdL CVp°\’.

$ Jq˘YÙ⁄ L⁄Æ´‡˚PV‹m TV˚]l

©¨jR±k’ ·\ CVp°\’.

33

˚UVd L⁄j’ 17 œZk˚RLs ß]m

˙S⁄ UÙUÙ œZk˚RLfidœ Æ⁄lTUÙ] SiTo BYÙo. ̇ S⁄ UÙUÙÆu

œZk˚Rl T⁄Yjߤs[ A‡TYeL˚[ G∞V L˚R Y•Æp A±ÿLm

˘NnRÙp, œZk˚RL∞u U]ßp Tߟm. ˙S⁄ UÙUÙÆu B˚PLs,

˙WÙ_ÙlÈ ˙TÙu\˚YL˚[ Æ⁄m◊YRtLÙ] YÙnl◊Ls Tp˙Yfl

˘NVpTÙ”Ls YÙ´XÙL YZeLXÙm. L˚RLs ˙Lh” CW£lT’Pu

SiToL˚[ ˙S£lTRtLÙ] U] ®˚XŸm œZk˚RL∞p E⁄YÙL

˙Yi”m. ˙S⁄Æu ©\kR SÙs ˘LÙiPÙhPf ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p

Te˙Ltfl Sh◊P‡m œ›Æp ˘TÙfll◊P‡m SPk’ ˘LÙsYRtLÙ]

YÙnl˚TŸm E⁄YÙdL ˙Yi”m.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. œZk˚RLs ß]j˚Rl Tt±V TÙPp.

↓

2. T´t£jRÙs 17.1 ̨ "˙RÙWQm ÿ›˚UVÙdœ˙YÙm, AXeL¨l˙TÙm'

YZeœRp.

↓

3. AXeLÙWl ˘TÙ⁄hLs RVÙ¨jRp, AXeL¨jRp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 17.1 ""˙RÙWQm ÿ›˚UVÙdœ˙YÙmAXeL¨l˙TÙm''

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

$ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”

ß\uLs 1. —RkßWUÙLl TPeLs Y˚Wk’ ®\m

A∞dL CVp°\’ (5).

2. ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[l TVuT”jß (CVt˚L´≠⁄k’

°˚PlT˚Y / ˙R˚YVt\ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[l

TVuT”jß Æ˚[VÙh”l ˘TÙ⁄sLs,

˙Y•d˚Ll ˘TÙ⁄hLs, ˘LÙ[Ùx)

˙TÙu\Yt˚\ E⁄YÙdœm ̆ NVpTÙ”L∞p

D”TP‹m ÿ•°u\’ (84).

L⁄j’ $ œZk˚RLs ß] ÆZÙ ˘RÙPoTÙL

UZ˚XVolTs∞˚VŸm —tfll◊\j˚RŸm

AXeL¨lT’i”.

L⁄ÆLs $ °˚WVÙuv.

„Zp $ œZk˚RLs ß]j˚R˘VÙh• TX

®Lrf£L˚[d œ±j’s[ LXk’˚WVÙPp,

TÙPpLs ˙TÙu\Yt±tœl ©\œ.

˘NVp Y¨˚N

$ TÙPp ""˙S⁄ UÙUÙ˚Yl TÙ⁄eLs

R˚X´p ˘RÙl©

˙LÙh•p È

œZk˚RLs Gu\Ùp E´o.

AYoL˚[d LiPÙp Ykß”YÙo.

Lh• A˚Qj’ ÿjR™”YÙo.

Gu˙] —˚Y ÿjRjßtœ!

˙RÙWQeLs ˘RÙeLÆh”

˘LÙ•Ls TX EVojߟm

˘LÙiPÙ”˙YÙm ©\kR SÙ˚[

˙S⁄ UÙUÙÆu ©\kR SÙ˚[

34

œZk˚RLs ß]m SU’ ß]m

˘LÙiPÙ”˙YÙm ©\kR SÙ˚[

˙S⁄ UÙUÙÆu ©\kR SÙ˚[.

T´t£jRÙs 17.1 ˛ ˙RÙWQeLs ÿ›˚UVÙdœ˙YÙm

AXeL¨l˙TÙm YZeœRp.

TPYÙ£l◊ $ TPeL∞p Gu˘]u]?

$ RœkR C˚XL˚[ Y˚Wk’ C˚Qj’

YiQm æh”Rp.

$ C˚XLs ˙NL¨j’ ˙RÙWQm RVÙ¨j’

AXeL¨jRp.

Ußl¿”$ TPeL˚[ Etfl˙SÙd° Æ[dLeLs ·\

CVp°\’. RœkR C˚XL˚[ Y˚Wk’

C˚Qj’ Ht\ YiQeLs A∞dL

CVp°\’.

35

˚UVd L⁄j’ 18 T\˚YLs

CkR AX˚L B£¨VoL˙[ ßhP™h”d ̆ LÙs[ ̇ Yi”m. T\˚YLs

Gu\ ˚UVdL⁄j˙RÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV ˘NVpTÙ”Ls ßhP™h”

˘NVpT”jß ̆ Y∞´PlThP Æ[dLeLs "˘TÙm˚U' ́ p (TdLm 169˛177)

RWlTh”s[’. ÿu AXœL∞p RWlTh”s[ ˘NVpTÙ”L∞u

UÙߨ´p Y[of£ UiPXeLs, ß\uLs, L⁄j’Ls ˙TÙu\Yt±tœ

HtT RœkR T´t£jRÙsL˚[ B£¨VoL˙[ —RkßWUÙLj RVÙ¨dLXÙm.

˙YflThP UÙߨ˚LL˚[l T°ok’ ˘LÙs[XÙm.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 18.1 E⁄YÙdœ˙YÙm CW£l˙TÙm

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ T˚Pl◊ Utflm AZ°Vp ˙UmTÙ”.

$ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. C⁄ T¨UÙQ, ÿlT¨UÙQeL∞u

YÙ´XÙLd L⁄j’L˚[ E⁄YÙdL

CVp°\’ (87).

2. ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[l TVuT”jß (CVt˚L´≠⁄k’

°˚PlT˚Y/ ˙R˚YVt\l ˘TÙ⁄hLs,

˙Y•d˚Ll ̆ TÙ⁄hLs, ·h”l ̆ TÙ⁄hLs

(˘LÙ[Ùx)) ˙TÙu\Yt˚\ E⁄YÙdœm

˘NVpTÙ”L∞p D”TP‹m CVp°\’ (84).

L⁄j’ $ Sm˚Uf —t±¤m TX ÆR T\˚YLs

Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, T˚N

„Zp $ L˚R ·±V ©\œ T´t£jRÙs YZeœRp.

˘NVp Y¨˚N $ UÙߨ´p RWlTh”s[ T\˚YL∞u

E⁄YeL˚[ E⁄YÙdœRp (U´p,

˘Tuœ´u) ˘TÙm˚U TdLm (237, 238).

T´t£jRÙs 18.1 ˛ "E⁄YÙdœ˙YÙm CW£l˙TÙm' YZeœRp.

E⁄YÙd°V T\˚YL˚[ T´t£jRÙ∞p

Jh”Rp.

Ußl¿”$ LÙ°Rj˚R U•j’m ˛ ˘Yh•Ÿm

T\˚YL∞u E⁄YeL˚[ E⁄YÙdL

CVp°\’.

36

˚UVd L⁄j’ 19 ©WÙ¶Ls, FoY]

≈h•u Es˙[Ÿm ˘Y∞˙VŸm HWÙ[m ©WÙ¶Ls Es[] Guflm

A˚YL∞u ˘TVoLs Gu˘]u]˘Yuflm ©¨jR±k’ ·\

œZk˚RLfidœ CVX ˙Yi”m. FoY]Yt±p £X ˘TÙk’L∞p

Y£d°u\] Guflm £X E´¨]eLfim FoY]‹m SUdœ BTj˚R

HtT”j’°u\] Guflm œZk˚RLs ◊¨k’ ˘LÙs°u\]o. ˙R…,

YiQj’lÈf£, Gflm◊ ˙TÙu\ E´¨]eLs SUdœ Su˚U

˘Nn°u\] Guflm LiP±°\ÙoLs. Y•Yjߤm ®\jߤm A[Ƥm

©WÙ¶Lfidœm, FoY]Yt±tœÿs[ ˙Ytfl˚UL˚[ Jl©h”

©¨jR±k’ ·\ CVp°\’.

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. œ≤k’m, Fok’m EPp CVdLj˚R FdLlT”j’m ÿ˚\´p

L˚R ·flRp. ARtœ Ht\Ùt˙TÙp ©WÙ¶Ls, FoY]

˙TÙu\˚YL∞u A˚N‹L˚[l ˙TÙXf ˘NnRp.

↓

2. Y¨˚NlT”jß ˚Yj’s[ SÙtLÙ≠L∞u A•lTœß YØVÙL

˘Np¤Rp.

↓

3. LV±u TdLYÙhPÙL Y˚WRp ̨ L´˚\ UÙt±V ©\œ R˚X Y˚Wk’

C˚QjRp.

↓

4. CVt˚L˚V Etfl ˙SÙd° SPjRp ˛ TÙojR ©WÙ¶L˚[l Tt±d

·flRp.

↓

5. R]’ A‡TYeL˚[d ·flRp (˘LÙ—, D. Gflm◊).

↓

6. Gflm◊l TÙPp (212) S•l◊.

↓

7. Fß Æ”m TPeLs E⁄YÙdLp (Blow Picture) (Ui◊›).

↓

8. Ui◊› TÙPp (214).

↓

9. £Xkß Y˚X ˛ LÙ˘QÙ∞ LÙQp, LXk’˚WVÙPp.

↓

10. T´t£jRÙs 19.1 ""˘TÙkßp VÙ˘WpXÙm?'' YZeœRp.

↓

11. Ah˚P/KQÙu/D/Íh˚P ˛ Æ”L˚RLs ·flRp.

↓

12. ©WÙ¶Ls, FoY] Y˚LlT”j’Rp.

↓

13. Tp≠lTÙPp (215)

↓

14. Yi”L˚[l ˙TÙX √eLÙW™”Rp, √eLÙWm ˙Lhœm˙TÙ’ SÙm

B”Rp.

↓

15. ÈdL˚[d LÙlTÙt±V Yi”m ˙R…Ÿm (AeLQlÈU˚Z)

↓

16. ÆWp ÷≤l TPm.

↓

17. L¶Rl TÙPpLs

J⁄ UgNs YiQj’l Èf£

˙Ru œ•dL YkR’.

37

Juflm ·P T\k’ YkRÙp

Cl˙TÙ’ Gi¶d˚L GjR˚]?

↓

18. L˚RlTÙPpLs ˙LhPp (B•˙VÙ)

↓

19. YÙnjRÙ˚WLs ˙LhPp ˛ ˙Nok’ TÙ”Rp.

↓

20. ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[Ÿm Gi¶u G›j’ Y•Yj˚RŸm ˘TÙ⁄jRl

T”j’Rp (1 ÿRp 3 Y˚W).

↓

21. ©WÙ¶Ls, FoY] ̇ TÙu\Yt±u TPeL˚[j ßWh”Rp, Jh”Rp.

↓

22. T´t£jRÙs 19.2 ˛ ""YØLÙh”eLs'' YZeœRp.

↓

23. ≈h•u Es˙[ LÙQlT”m E´¨]eLs, ≈h•u ˘Y∞˙V

LÙQlT”m E´¨]eLs ˙TÙu\Yt˚\ Y˚LlT”jß TPj

˘RÙœlTÙdœRp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 19.1 "˘TÙkßp VÙ˘WpXÙm'

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

$ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. —tfll◊\eL∞¤s[ ̆ TÙ⁄hLs, ®Lr‹Ls,

Ru‡˚PV A‡TYeLs, ®˚X˚ULs

B°VYt±u £\l©Vp◊L˚[j Ru

˘NÙkR A‡TYeL∞u A•lT˚P´p

Ju˙\Ù˘PÙufl ˘RÙPo◊T”jßd ·\

CV¤m (22).

2. Im◊XuL˚[l TVuT”jß ˘TÙ⁄hLs/

E´¨]eLs B°VYt˚\ Etfl ˙SÙd°

£\l©Vp◊L˚[d Li” ©•dL‹m

YÙn˘UÙØVÙL ˘Y∞´P‹m CVp°\’.

(®\m, A[‹, Y•Ym, UQm, J≠, —˚Y,

T[T[l◊) (30).

L⁄j’Ls $ FoY]Yt±p £X ̆ TÙk’L∞p Y£d°u\].

$ Y•Yjߤm ®\jߤm A[Ƥm

©WÙ¶Lfidœm, FoY]Yt±tœm

˙YflTÙ”Ls Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p

„Zp $ T\˚Y ·” Lh”Y’, £Xkß Y˚X

©u‡Y’ ˙TÙu\Yt±u LÙ˘QÙ∞˚Vd

LÙh£lT”jßV ©\œ.

˘NVp Y¨˚N

L˚Rd·tfl $ "·” LhP ˙Yi”m', LÙLm œf£Lfim

SÙoLfi˘UpXÙm ˘LÙjß G”j’ T\k’

Yk’ UWjßu ˙U˙X AUokR’.

˘TÙkßp C⁄kR °∞ ˙LhP’: ""CqY[‹

£WUl TP ˙Yi”UÙ? G]’ ·h•p

ÿh˚P ˙TÙhPÙp ˙TÙRÙRÙ?'' ""A’ N¨

RÙu'' LÙLjßtœm ˙RÙu±V’. GpXÙ

°∞Lfidœm J⁄ ·”. A˚]j’

°∞Lfim AkRl ̆ T¨V UWl˘TÙkßp Yk’

ÿh˚P´Pj ̆ RÙPe°]. ̆ TÙk’ ®˚\kR’.

""G]dœm ÿh˚P CP ˙Yi”m. CPm

EiPÙ Gufl TÙodLh”m.'' J⁄ T\˚YŸm

38

·P YkR’. ◊ßRÙL YkR Æ⁄kß]˚Wd

Li” LPk˚R ·±V’: ""·h•p ÿh˚P

˙TÙP ˙Yi”UÙ]Ùp J⁄ F£ ˙TÙP

˙Yi”m. SÙ˘]Ù⁄ F£ R⁄°˙\u.

"LPk˚R T\k’ Yk’ J⁄ ˘LÙh”

˘LÙh•V’. ÿh˚P ˙TÙP YkR

˘LÙh”lThP SiTu Y˚[k’ ˘S∞k’

K•V’. J⁄ ˘TÙkßp H±V’. Æ⁄kß]o

VÙo Gufl ˘R¨V ˙YiPÙUÙ?

T´t£jRÙs 19.1 ˛ ""˘TÙkßp VÙ˘WpXÙm?'' YZeœRp.

$ ◊s∞L˚[ C˚QjRp

$ Æ⁄kß]o VÙo Gufl ·flRp.

$ TPYÙ£l◊ $ TPjßp Gu]˘YpXÙm?

$ Gu˘]u] ©WÙ¶Ls?

$ FoY] G˚Y˘V˚Y?

$ TÙm©P™⁄k’ Rl©dL G≠Ls Gu]

·±´⁄lTÙoLs?

B£¨˚Vdœ $ ®\m, A[‹, Y•Ym, J≠ ̇ TÙu\Yt±tœj

RœkR ˙LsÆLs ˙LhL ˙Yi”m.

Ußl¿”$ E´¨]eL∞u ˘TVo ·\ CVp°\’.

$ FoY]Yt˚\Ÿm ©WÙ¶L˚[Ÿm

◊¨k’d˘LÙi” ·\ CVp°\’.

T´t£jRÙs 19. 2 ˛ YØ LÙh”eLs

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

$ ˘UÙØ Y[of£

ß\uLs $ ÿu G›j’f ˘NVpTÙ”L∞p

D”T”°u\]o (13).

$ Ut˘\Ùu\ÙLl TÙÆj’ ˘TÙm˚U SÙPLm,

TÙjßW S•l◊; ˙YPU¶k’ Æ˚[VÙ”Rp

˙TÙu\ „ZpL∞p S•dL CVpRp.

L⁄j’ $ ≈h•u Es˙[Ÿm ˘Y∞˙VŸm HWÙ[m

©WÙ¶Ls Es[]. AYt±u ̆ TVoL˚[l

◊¨k’ ˘LÙs°u\]o.

L⁄ÆLs $ ©WÙ¶L∞u LhA‹h”Ls

„Zp $ ©WÙ¶Ls, FoY] ˙TÙu\Yt±u

TPeL˚[j ßWh”m ̆ NVpTÙh•tœl ©\œ.

˘NVp Y¨˚N

$ L˚Rd·tfl

ß˚WdL˚R

LÙh£ ˛ 1

≈h•u ßi˚Q´p CWÆp R≤VÙL C⁄dœm

œZk˚R, A⁄°¤s[ Èk˙RÙhPjß≠⁄k’

H˙RÙ T\k’ Y⁄°\’. œZk˚R TÙod°\’.

T\k’ Y⁄m E´¨]m Su\ÙL ™u‡°\’.

œZk˚R : (©WÙ¶´Pm) aÙn....'' ™u‡m ©WÙ¶˙V

™u‡m ©WÙ¶˙V ø VÙo?

©WÙ¶ : "SÙu RÙu ™u ™≤lÈf£'' (Y˚Wk’

˘T¨RÙd°V ©\œ ™u™≤˚V

˘Yh•˘V”j’ ©u]¶´p LÙhPXÙm.

VÙWÙY’ J≠ A∞jRÙp ˙TÙ’m).

39

œZk˚R : Eu ≈” Ge˙L?

™u™≤ : Eu ≈h•u ©u◊\ÿs[ ˘TÙhPp

LÙh•¤m Eu Èk˙RÙhPjߤm SÙu

Y£lT’i”.

œZk˚R : ™u™≤˙V, Eu ©u]Ùp ˙Yfl J⁄Y⁄m

T\k’ Y⁄°\Ù˙W.

™u™≤ : A’ Yi”RÙu.

Yi” : (Yi•u LhA‹h ˙T—Y’ ˙TÙX

A˚Nj’d ˘LÙ”dLXÙm). œZkRÙn, SÙ‡m

Eu ≈h•u A⁄˙L Y£lTYu RÙu N¨

˙TÙLh”UÙ?''

œZk˚R : PÙhPÙ (Yi˚P ˙SÙd° ˚L ≈—Rp)

œZk˚R ≈h”tœs ˘NpX G›m◊m˙TÙ’

YiQj’l Èf£˚Vl ˙TÙu\ J⁄

E´¨]m •Îl ˚Xh•u A⁄°p Yk’

AUokR’.

œZk˚R : C˙RÙ J⁄ YiQj’lÈf£, CWƤm

YiQj’l Èf£Ls Y⁄UÙ AmUÙ...?

(Es˙[ TÙoj’d ̆ LÙi” EWdLd ̇ LhPÙs.

CkR ˙SWjßp ©u]¶´p œZk˚R´u

NjRÿm ß˚W´p CWÆp Y⁄m Ak’l

Èf£´u TPÿm ˙Yi”m.)

CW‹ YiQj’lÈf£ : (LhA‹h” ˙T—Rp)

œZkRÙn, TÙodL YiQj’lÈf£ ˙TÙX

˙RÙu±]Ù¤m SÙu Ak’lÈf£ RÙu.

CWÆp Y⁄m Ak’lÈf£ SÙeLs RÙu.

CkR ˘Y∞fNjßp SÙu ˘LÙgN ˙SWm

C⁄dLh”UÙ?

œZk˚R : C⁄eL C⁄eL (Es˙[ H±l ˙TÙ°\Ùs).

LÙh£ ˛ 2

œZk˚R Es˙[ YkRÙs. Lh•≠p

T”dLl˙TÙœm ˙TÙ’ ˘LÙ—dL∞u √eLÙWm

˙Lh°\’. (˘LÙ—dL˚[d LÙhP ˙YiPÙm.

√eLÙWm Uh”m ©u]¶´p. œZk˚R LÙ˚Rl

˘TÙj’°\’.)

œZk˚R : ""I˙VÙ! øeL YkßhºoL[Ù? Cufl Gu

CWjRj˚Rd œ•dLd ÿ•VÙ’. ̆ LÙ—dL˙[.

SÙu ˘LÙ— Y˚XdœsRÙu T”l˙Tu.''

(˘NÙp≠d ˘LÙi˙P œZk˚R ˘LÙ—

Y˚Xdœs H± T”d°\’).

œZk˚R : œh˚]h (œZk˚R´u ÿLÿm ◊u]˚LŸm

Uh”m ß˚W´p). GpXÙ E´¨]eLfim

≈h•≠⁄k’. ˘Y∞˙V T\k’ ˘Np°\’.

T\k’ ˘Nu\ YØ˚Vl TÙ⁄eLs.

$ T´t£jRÙs 19.2 ˛ "YØ LÙh”eLs' YZeœRp.

$ Jq˘YÙ⁄ E´¨]ÿm GqYÙfl T\k’

˘Nu\’?

$ LÙt±p ˚LÆW≠]Ùp Y˚WŸeLs.

$ ◊s∞Ls YØVÙL Y˚WRp.

B£¨˚Vdœ : (C’ J⁄ £±V ß˚WdL˚R Bœm.

YœlT˚\´p Es[ œZk˚RL˚[ ̊ Yj’

40

TPUÙdLXÙm. I.£.• TVuT”jß LÙh£l

T”jRXÙm. ˘Tt˙\ÙoL˚[d Li”

TPUÙdLXÙm. Cp˚X˘Vu\Ùp

ß˚WdL˚R˚V, L˚R ˙TÙX Yœl©p

YÙ£dLXÙm.)

Ußl¿”$ ©WÙ¶Ls T\k’ ̆ Nu\ YØ˚Vl ◊s∞Ls

YØVÙL Y˚WV CVp°\’.

$ E´¨]eL˚[l ©¨jR±k’ ·\ CVp°\’.

41

˚UVd L⁄j’ 20 B˚PLs

TX ÆR B˚PL∞u TVuL˚[d œ±j’m B˚P A¶Ÿm

ÿ˚\L˚[d œ±j’m œZk˚R A±‹ ˘Tt±⁄dL ˙Yi”m.

LÙX®˚Xdœj RœkR B˚PL˚[Ÿm YVßtœ HtT A¶V ˙Yi•V

B˚PL˚[Ÿm œ±j’s[ A±‹ £fl YVß˙X˙V °˚Pjß⁄dL

˙Yi”m. TXY˚LVÙ] B˚PLfim AYt±u TVuL˙[Ù”

˘RÙPo◊s[ ˘NVpTÙ”LfikRÙu CkR ˚UVdL⁄jßp

EhT”jRlTh”s[].

˘NVpTÙh” Y¨˚N

1. LÙ°Rm, ’¶ U•jRp.

↓

2. Etfl ˙SÙd° R≤jRu˚ULs ·flRp (TX Y˚Lj ’¶Ls).

↓

3. ¨lTu, ’¶Ls TX ÿ˚\L∞p A[k’ TÙojRp.

↓

4. LÙ°Rm, ˙R˚Yd˙Lt\YÙfl °Øj’ Jh”Rp.

↓

5. T[T[lTÙ]’m ˘NÙW ˘NÙWlTÙ]’UÙ] ’¶L˚[l ©¨jR±k’

·flRp.

↓

6. ’¶Ls/B˚PL∞p Es[ A”dœLs.

↓

7. T´t£jRÙs 20.1 B˚P Y˚W˙YÙUÙ? A∞jRp.

↓

8. B˚P LZtflRp, A¶Rp.

↓

9. L˚R A˚Uj’d ·flRp.

↓

10. CVpTÙ] E˚WVÙPp (A¶Ÿm B˚PLs).

↓

11. ˘RÙPo◊s[˚Y˚Vd Li”©•jRp.

↓

12. R]’ B˚PL˚[ U•jRp.

↓

13. ÆZÙdLs, B˚PLs CYt±t°˚P˙V Es[ ˘RÙPo◊L˚[d

LiP±k’ ·flRp.

↓

14. ’¶L∞u R≤jRu˚UL˚[d LiP±k’ Jtfl˚U ˙Ytfl˚U

·flRp (TPm).

↓

15. Nh˚P´u ˘TÙjRÙuL˚[d LZtflRp A¶Rp, £l A¶Rp.

↓

16. T´t£jRÙs 20.2 Æ”ThP˚R Y˚Wk’ C˚QŸeLs.

↓

17. ’¶ ˘LÙ[Ùx

↓

18. B˚PL∞u ÿ˚\VÙ] TWÙU¨l◊ (CVpTÙ] LXk’˚WVÙPp ˛

NX˚Y ˘NnRp, B˚P ˙RnjRp, EXW ˚YjRp).

↓

19. VÙ⁄dœl ˘TÙ⁄k’m? Æ˚[VÙh” (TX YVß]o A¶Ÿm

B˚PLs/TPeL˚[l TVuT”jß).

↓

20. LÙ˘QÙ∞ ˛ ˘Yq˙Yfl LÙXeL∞p A¶Ÿm B˚PLs.

42

↓

21. A‡TYeLs T°ok’ ˘LÙsfiRp (’¶ ˙YLUÙL EX⁄m ˙SWm).

↓

22. T´t£jRÙs 20.3 "VÙ⁄˚PV A›˚L?' YZeœRp.

↓

23. S•l◊ ˛ ’¶ NX˚Y ˘NnY˙RÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV ˘NVpTÙ”Ls.

↓

24. ’¶˚Vf ˙NÙl◊ TVuT”jßf NX˚Y ˘NnRp ˛ EXW ˚YjRp.

(Es˙[, ̆ Y∞˙V) ÍrœUÙ ™RdœUÙ? TX ÆR ’i”j’¶L˚[

Etfl ˙SÙd°d ·flRp ˛ LXk’˚WVÙPp.

↓

25. T˚N ˙Rnj’ TPm E⁄YÙdœRp. Aßp Ëp Jh”Rp.

T´t£jRÙs ˛ 20.1 B˚P Y˚W˙YÙUÙ?

Y[of£ UiPXeLs $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

$ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\uLs 1. L¶R A”dœL˚[d LÙh£dœ ˚Yj’

AZLÙL J›eL˚UdL CVp°\’ (42).

$ —RkßWUÙL TPeLfidœ ®\m A∞dL

CVp°\’ (5).

L⁄j’ $ TXÆR B˚PLs Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, °˚WVÙuv, ’¶Ls,

@TÙl¨d ˘T´uh, v˙TÙg, LÙnL±Ls.

„Zp $ ’¶Ls/B˚PL∞p Es[ A”dœLs

LiP±Ÿm ˘NVpTÙh•tœl ©\œ.

˘NVpY¨˚N ’¶´p TÙojR’ ˙TÙu\ TPeLfim

ÈdLfim SÙ˙U RVÙ¨dLXÙUÙ?

-̨ Jq˘YÙ⁄ œZk˚Rdœm CWi” ’i”j

’¶Ls ≈Rm A∞jRp.

$ LÙnL± Af—dLÙ] ˘TÙ⁄hLs.

$ B£¨˚V ˘Nn’ LÙhP ˙Yi”m.

$ ˙R˚Yd˙LtT A±‹˚WLs ˘LÙ”jRp.

$ œZk˚RLs ’¶´p AfN•jRp.

$ LÙh£lT”j’Rp.

T´t£jRÙs 20.1 B˚P Y˚W˙YÙUÙ? YZeœRp.

TPjߤs[ U≤R E⁄Yjßtœj RœkR

B˚PL˚[ Y˚WŸeLs. ̆ LÙ•´p ̆ RÙeL

ÆPlTh”s[˚YL˚[j ̇ Rok˘R”dLXÙm.

(B˚P´u TPeL˚[ Y˚WVj

˘R¨kRYoLs Y˚WVh”m. ˘R¨VÙRYoLs

C˚QdLh”m).

Ußl¿”$ RœkR B˚PL˚[l ©¨jR±k’ Y˚Wk’

C˚QdLlTh”s[’.

$ ’p≠VUÙL YiQm æhPlTh”s[’.

T´t£jRÙs 20.2 ˛ Æ”ThP˚R Y˚Wk’C˚QŸeLs

Y[of£ UiPXm $ A±‹NÙo Y[of£

ß\u $ 1 ÿRp 5 Y˚WŸs[ GiL˚[ GiQ‹m

GiLs, ˘TÙ⁄hLs B°VYt±u

Gi¶d˚L˚V Ju˙\Ù˘PÙufl ˘RÙPo◊

T”jR‹m CVp°\’ (44).

43

L⁄j’ $ TXÆR B˚PLs Es[].

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs.

„Zp $ Nh˚P´u ˘TÙjRÙ˚]d LZtflRp;

A¶Rp ˘NVpTÙh•tœl ©\œ.

˘NVpÿ˚\

Amÿ‹m AmUÙ‹m ˚RVpL˚Pdœ

YkR]o.

""Nh˚P ̊ Rj’ ÿ•kRRÙ?'' AmUÙ ̇ LhPÙo.

" "˘TÙjRÙu ˚RdL ˙Yi”m. EP˙]

R⁄°˙\u''

""aÙn GjR˚] Nh˚PLs!''

LiQÙ• AXUÙ¨´p ̆ RÙeL ÆPlTh”s[

Nh˚PL˚[ Amÿ LY]UÙLl TÙojRÙs.

C≤Ÿm ˘TÙjRÙuLs ˚RdL ˙Yi”m.

SÙÿm ˚RVp ˚RlTY⁄dœ ER‹˙YÙm.

T´t£jRÙs 20.2 ˛ ""Æ”ThP˚R Y˚Wk’ C˚QŸeLs'' YZeœRp.

TPYÙ£l◊ $ AXUÙ¨´p Ju\Ùm Rh•p

˘RÙeLÆPlTh”s[ ÿRp Nh˚P´p

GjR˚] ˘TÙjRÙuLs Es[]?

$ CWiPÙY’ Nh˚P´p C≤ GjR˚]

˙Yi”m?

$ CWiPÙm Rh•p GjR˚] Nh˚PLs?

$ ÿRp Nh˚P´p GjR˚] ˘TÙjRÙuLs

˙Yi”m?

$ Íu\Ùm Rh•u ÿRp Nh˚P´p GjR˚]

˘TÙjRÙuLs?

$ NU Gi¶d˚L ˘TÙjRÙuL˚[ A”jR

Nh˚P´p Y˚WŸeLs.

$ C˚YL∞p øeLs A¶Ÿm/Æ⁄lTÿs[

B˚Pdœ YiQm æh”eLs. YiQm

æhPlThP B˚P˚Vd œ±j’ J⁄ TÙh”

TÙ”eLs.

$ TÙPp ""øX YiQ B˚P BaÙ

øX YiQ B˚P

YÙ≤u YiQm øXm ˛ AR]Ùp

AkR YiQm G]dœ Æ⁄lTm.

◊s∞ ˙TÙhP B˚P BaÙ

◊s∞ ˙TÙhP B˚P

AZLÙ] ◊s∞ ˙TÙhP B˚P

G]’ ◊s∞ ˙TÙhP B˚P

Tf˚N YiQ B˚P BaÙ

Tf˚N YiQ B˚P

G]dœj RÙ˙] AkRl Tf˚N YiQ

B˚P''

C˚Rl ˙TÙufl B˚PL˚[d œ±j’

œZk˚RLs TÙPh”m

Ußl¿”$ ˘TÙjRÙuL˚[f N¨VÙL Gi¶d·\

CVp°\’.

$ C≤ GjR˚] ˘TÙjRÙuLs ˙Yi”m

Gufl ’p≠VUÙL Y˚Wk’ C˚QdL

CVp°\’.

44

T´t£jRÙs 20.3 ˛ VÙ⁄˚PV A›˚L?

Y[of£ UiPXm $ EPp CVdL Y[of£

ß\uLs : —RkßWUÙL TPeLs Y˚Wk’ ®\m A∞dL

CVp°\’ (5).

L⁄j’ $ B˚PL∞u TVuLs ˛ EP˚X U˚\dL,

„”, œ∞o ˙TÙu\Yt±≠⁄k’ TÙ’LÙdL.

L⁄ÆLs $ T´t£jRÙs, ˘Tu£p, °˚WVÙuv

„Zp : ˘Yq˙Yfl LÙXeL∞p A¶Ÿm

B˚PL∞u LÙ˘QÙ∞d LÙh£˚VlTVu

T”jßV ©\œ.

˘NVpÿ˚\

$ L˚Rd·tfl : J⁄ TÙu” R≤VÙLd ˘LÙ•´p

˘RÙeLÆPlThP ®˚X´p A›’

˘LÙi˙P C⁄kR’. Al˙TÙ’ AkR

YØVÙL J⁄ ◊≠ YkR’. doo...... doo..... doo....

◊≠ Efl™V’. TÙu” A›˚L˚V

®fljR˙Y Cp˚X. ◊≠ J⁄ BlTj˚Rd

˘LÙ”j’l TÙojR’. A›˚L ®tL˙Y

Cp˚X. NÙdL˙Xh” ˘LÙ”j’l TÙojR’.

Cp˚X Cp˚X A›˚L ®fljR˙Y Cp˚X.

C≤ Gu] ˘NnY’? ""Gu˚] G”j’

A¶kRÙp RÙu A›˚L˚V ®flj’˙Yu.''

TÙu” ·±V’.

◊≠´u ˙YPm A¶kR œZk˚R, ApX’

◊≠VÙL J⁄ œZk˚R Y⁄°\’. (L˚Rdœl

©\œ)

$ S•l◊ : TÙu” A¶Rp, ˘LÙgNm ˘T¨V TÙu”

BLXÙm. Al˙TÙ’ RÙu œZk˚R´u

B˚Pdœ ˙U˙X A¶V ÿ•Ÿm.

$ L˚R ˘RÙPo°\’.

◊≠ TÙu” A¶kR’. ""N¨ ˙TÙLXÙm''.

TÙu” U°rkR’. A’ £¨dLj ̆ RÙPe°V’.

TÙh” TÙP‹m ˘RÙPe°V’. Al˙TÙ’

¡i”m A›˚L " "ø A›˚L

®fljRÆp˚XVÙ?'' ◊≠dœ ˙LÙTm YkR’.

l±.... d±.... . ¡i”m A›˚L. ""SÙ]pX. A’

º`oh'' TÙu” ·±V’. ""º`ohPÙ? A’

VÙo?'' ""A˙RÙ......'' TÙu” —h•dLÙh•V’. J⁄

˘LÙ•´p R≤VÙL J⁄ º`oh ̆ RÙe°VT•

A›°\’. ""Gu˚]Ÿm A¶k’ ˘LÙs.

A’ EWdLf ̆ NÙu]’. ̆ RÙkRWYÙf˙N. ◊≠

º`oh˚PŸm A¶kR’.

S•l◊ : (œZk˚R º`oh˚Pd ˘LÙ•´p C⁄k’

G”j’ A¶Rp.)

$ L˚R ˘RÙPo°\’

AYoLs SPdLj ˘RÙPe°]o. SPk’

˘LÙi˙P º`oh”m TÙu”m TÙh” TÙPj

˘RÙPe°]o. ""˙TNÙUp C⁄..... doo.... doo.....''

◊≠ ARh•V’. Al˙TÙ’ Ae˙L ¡i”m

J⁄ A›˚L. ""VÙo A›°\’.'' ◊≠ ̇ LhP’.

"SÙu RÙu' J⁄ TÙYm ˘RÙl©. NÙ˚X´p

Æ›k’ Æh˙Pu. ""Gu˚]Ÿm R˚X´p

45

A¶≈oL[Ù? ̆ RÙl© ◊≠´Pm ̇ LhP’. f˘N!

˘RÙkRWYÙf˙N! ◊≠ ·±V’. ""A¶k’

˘LÙsfieLs A¶k’ ˘LÙsfieLs'' ˛

º`oh”m TÙu”m ˘NÙu]’. ◊≠

˘RÙl©˚VŸm A¶k’ JnVÙWUÙn

SPdLj ˘RÙPe°V’.

S•l◊ : œZk˚R R˚W´p C⁄k’ ˘RÙl©˚V

G”j’ A¶Rp.

$ L˚R ˘RÙPo°\’

Al˙TÙ’ Ae˙L J⁄ œ›l TÙPp:

""TÙu” A¶k’ SPkRÙ˙X

LÙpLs CWi”m U˚\dLXÙ˙U

º`oh” A¶k’ SPkRÙ˙X

EP˚Xl TÙß U˚\dLXÙ˙U

˘RÙl© ˚Yj’ SPkRÙ˙X

R˚Xÿ• ÿ›Y’m U˚\dLXÙ˙U''

◊≠Ÿm AlTÙP˚Xf ˙Nok’ TÙ•V’.

TÙ• ÿ•kR’m A˚]Y⁄m LX LX˘Y]f

£¨jR]o. Al˙TÙ’ Ae˙L ¡i”m

A›˚L. B]Ùp VÙ˚WŸm LÙQÆp˚X.

Ge°⁄k’ A›˚Ld œWp ˙Lh°\’?

Gp˙XÙ⁄m TÙojR]o. Aeœm Ceœm

TÙojR]o. ""A˙RÙ! J⁄ œZk˚R Ae°⁄k’

A›°\’.'' Gu] ˙SokR’?'' ◊≠ ˙LhP’.

""Gu‡˚PV TÙu” LÙQÆp˚X''. ""G]’

º`oh”m LÙQÆp˚X.'' G]’ ˘RÙl©Ÿm

LÙQÆp˚X.''

S•l◊ : œZk˚R A›Y˚Rd LÙi©dL ˙Yi”m.

©\œ ◊≠ L˚R´p ·flY˚Rl ˙TÙXf

˘NnV ˙Yi”m.

$ L˚R ˘RÙPo°\’.

◊≠ TÙu˚Pd LZt±V’.

""C’ RÙ]Ù Eu TÙu”?''

""BUÙm, œZk˚R TÙu˚P YÙe° A¶kR’.

""C’ RÙ]Ù Eu º`oh?'' ◊≠ `oh˚Pd

LZt±V’.

""BUÙm'' , œZk˚R º`oh˚P YÙe°

A¶kR’.

""C’ RÙ]Ù Eu ˘RÙl©?''

""BUÙm.'' œZk˚R ˘RÙl©˚VŸm YÙe°

A¶kR’.

GpXÙm °˚PjR ˙TÙ’ ◊≠˚V J⁄

LQm·Pl TÙodLÙUp œZk˚R KhPm

©•jR’.

S•l◊ : K”°u\ œZk˚R, Y⁄jRj’Pu ®tœm

◊≠, KhPj˚Rl TÙoj’ ˚LRh”m

œZk˚RLs.

$ L˚R ˘RÙPo°\’

TÙYm ◊≠! ARtœ G’‹m ˙TNd·P

ÿ•VÆp˚X. Al˙TÙ’ º`oh”m,

TÙu”m ˘RÙl©Ÿm J⁄ A›˚LdœWp

˙LhP]. doo... l±... d±...... AYoLs ˘NÆ

NÙnjR]o. VÙ⁄˚PV A›˚L C’?

46

A›˚L ®tL˙Y Cp˚X. A›’ A›’

◊≠´u EPm©¤s[ TX ˙LÙ”Lfim

AØk’ ÆhP]. A›˚L˚V ®fljR Gu]

YØ? ◊≠´u ̇ U˙X ̇ LÙ”Ls Y˚W˙YÙUÙ?

T´t£jRÙs 2˛.3 ˛ ""VÙ⁄˚PV A›˚L?'' YZeœRp.

◊≠´u EPm©p ̇ LÙ”Ls Y˚WRp. £u]

E˚Pdœ YiQm æh”Rp.

L˚Rd·tfl (˘RÙPof£) : Cl˙TÙ’m ◊≠ A›˚L˚V ®fljRÆp˚X.

J⁄ YØ Es[’. ◊≠´P™⁄k’

º`oh˚Pd LZt± YÙe°V œZk˚R´u

`oh•¤m ◊≠´u ̇ LÙ”L˚[ Y˚WŸeLs.

YiQm æh”eLs.

AqYÙfl A’ ◊≠´u Nh˚PVÙL

UÙ\h”m. TÙu•¤m ˘RÙl©´¤m

Y˚WŸeLs. Al˙TÙ’ ◊≠ U°rf£

A˚PŸm.

B£¨˚Vdœ : œZk˚RLfidœ S•lTRtLÙ] „ZpL∞p

ARtLÙ] YÙnl˚T A∞dL ˙Yi”m.

Ußl¿”$ ◊≠´u EPm©p Es[’ ˙TÙu\

˙LÙ”L˚[ Y˚WdL CVpRp.

$ YiQm æhP CVpRp.