By: Catie McGee

CHANGES IN THE EARTH’S SURFACE

Erosion

Glaciers

Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Landslides

NATURAL CAUSES OF CHANGE

The Process that breaks things down.

EROSION

After it rains and you go outside to play, you might notice a lot of small rocks and dirt at the bottom of a hill.

This is because erosion took place.

The water washed the smaller material down the hill.

EXAMPLE

The processes that change the character of rocks at or near the Earth's surface

WEATHERING

Mechanical Weathering

Physical

Breaks down rocks into smaller pieces

Caused by water freezing and melting

• Usually at the Earth’s surface

FIRST TYPE

Chemical Weathering

Rock Decomposition

Rocks are exposed to water and gases

Change chemical compounds- form new rocks

SECOND TYPE

A large river of ice that moves very slowly.

GLACIERS

While glaciers move slowly, they carve out the ground.

The carving makes valleys.

MAKING OF VALLEYS

A mountain that opens down into a pool of molten rock below Earth’s surface.

VOLCANOES

Plates under Earth’s crust move apart

Movement causes friction

Friction causes pressure build up

High pressure causes a volcanic eruption

HOW THEY WORK…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OowFvnlWI90

YOUTUBE VIDEO

Shaking at the surface of the Earth because of movement underground along a fault line/volcanic activity.

EARTHQUAKES

Determines size of an earthquake

Uses seismic waves

- A wave that travels through the Earth

RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE

2. 9 and lower N ot fe l t

3 . 0 -4 .9

Fe l t but l i tt le damage

5. 0-10

Fe l t and a lo t o f damage

RICHTER MAGNITUDE SCALE

Rocks and other material sliding down a mountain or cliff.

LANDSLIDES

Rain- adds weight

Erosion- base is removed

Earthquakes- loosens material

Volcanic eruption- flowing lava

Humans:Mining

Deforestation

CAUSES

C a l i forn ia Geo lo g i ca l S ur vey - K ids Zone - Do Rocks Last Forever? . ( n .d . ) . Ca l i forn ia De p a rtme nt of Con se r va t i on - Home . Retr ieve d Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http :// w w w. co n sr v.ca . go v/C G S / i n

Geography4 K id s . co m : B iosp here : E ros io n . ( n .d . ) .Ra d e r ' s GEO GRA P H Y 4 K IDS .CO M . Retr ieve d Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http ://ge o gra p hy 4k i d s . co m/ f i le s / l

G lac iers . ( n .d . ) . We lcom e To K id skon n e ct . Retr ieve d Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http :// w w w. k i d s ko nn ec t .co m/s u b j ec t - i nd ex/ 15 - s c i e nc e/ 81 - g l ac iers . ht ml

Ear thquake s - S c ience for K ids! . ( n .d . ) . Kid ip e d e - Histor y for K id s - Homew o r k He lp for Mid d le Sch ool . Retr ieve d Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http :// w w w.h i s tor y fork i d s . org /sc i

K ids .Net . A u - Encyc lop e d i a > R ichter sca le . ( n .d . ) . K id s .N e t . Au - En cyc lop e d ia . Retr ieved Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http ://en cyc l op e d i a . k i d s . n et . a u /

F EMA FO R K IDS : VO LC ANO ES . ( n .d . ) . F EMA | Fe d e ra l Eme rg e n c y Ma n a g e me nt Ag e n cy . Retr ieve d Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http :// w w w.fe ma . go v/k i d s/ vo lca n

Lands l id e s - Geo lo gy For K ids - By K idsG e o. co m. ( n .d . ) . G e og ra p hy For K id s - By K id sGe o .co m . Retr ieved Februar y 27 , 2011 , f rom http :// w w w. k i d s ge o .co m/geo l og y - for -k id s / 00 7 1 -lands l i de s . p hp

CREDITS

PICTURE CREDITS

Thienzieryung, “Landslide Area At Ranau-Kota Kinabalu Road” December 26, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

Marin Luff, “Earthquake damage- Bridge Street” February 22,2011 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

John Cooke, “Volcano” November 25, 2010 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

Fylkesarkivet I Sogn og Fjordane, “Stalheim Hotel” circa 1910 via Flickr, public domain

State Library of New South Wales, “Glacier, New Fortuna Bay, 1915” May 16, 2009 via Flickr, public domain

Ivanvlee8, “DSCF0422a”, October 14, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution

The Library of Congress, “Eroded Land”, circa 1939 via Flickr, Public Domain