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Postsecondary Access and Success for Immigrant Youth:
Lessons from Five States
Sarah Hooker, Migration Policy Institute
Council of the Great City SchoolsBilingual, Immigrant, and Refugee Educators Directors Meeting
May 17, 2013
About the National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy (NCIIP)
NCIIP’s Key Areas of Focus Include:– Education:
• Early Childhood• K-12 Education and English Language Learner
(ELL) Policy• Adult Education• Postsecondary
– Employment and Workforce– Language Access– State/ Local Immigration Regulation– Integration Governance
www.migrationpolicy.org/integration
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Needs, Barriers and Pathways:Preparing Immigrant Youth for the Workforce
A scope of work supported by the Gates Foundation-- analyzing the ways in which the nation’s work-preparing institutions (community colleges, school districts, job-training programs, and adult education) could be improved to lead to educational and economic success for immigrant youth
• Ages 16-26• First generation (born abroad)• Second generation (born in the US to
immigrant parents)• 5 states: CA, FL, GA, NY, WA
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Immigrant-Origin Youth as Share of All Youth: in the US and 5 States, 2010*
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2008-2010 Current Population Survey.
US CA NY FL WA GA
25
52
3835
26
18
Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2009-2011 Current Population Survey.
Per
cent
Educational Attainment for Youth Ages 21-26
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
05
10152025303540
29 28
21 22
10
26
3331
1st Generation2nd Generation
Percen
t
Source: MPI analysis of pooled 2009-2011 Current Population Survey.
Diverse Characteristics of 1st and 2nd-Generation Youth
• English Language Learners (ELLs)• Newcomers• Students with Interrupted Formal Education
(SIFE)• Long-term ELLs• Former ELLs/ reclassified students
• Refugees
• Migrant Students
• Undocumented Youth© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Challenges and Solutions
One-Size-Fits-All Models for a Diverse Population• Data Capacity and Definitions of ELL Subgroups
- CA: Long-Term ELL legislation- NYC: Definition and assessment of SIFE
• Differentiated Programs and Supports- Seattle World School- LAUSD ELL Master Plan: new models for LT ELLs- NYC: Language Allocation Policies
• Remaining Challenges: - Scale; resource constraints
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Challenges and Solutions
Teacher Training and Credentialing• Teacher preparation and pre-service
requirements• Opportunities for content-area teachers to earn
ESL/ bilingual credentials• Whole-school and whole-district approaches to
teacher and administrator PD
• Remaining Challenges:- Competing priorities
- Limited resources© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Challenges and Solutions
Time Constraints and Graduation Requirements• Expanded Learning Time• Awarding Credit for Native Language Proficiency• Extended Graduation Plans
• Remaining Challenges: - Cuts to learning time: particularly affect ELLs
- State policies on native language instruction/ assessment
- Alternative high schools often lack ELL support
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Challenges and Solutions
Low ELL Participation in College/ Career-Prep• Remove language proficiency & cost barriers
to dual enrollment/ early college HS• Integrate ESL and applied CTE instruction• Bilingual counseling, mentoring; college visits
• Remaining Challenges- Resource constraints; limited college partnerships- Capacity-building - Legal immigration status
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Looking Ahead: Levers for Change
Common Core/ Next Generation Standards• Requires stronger focus on academic language
- Keep ELLs at center of implementation efforts
Prospects for Immigration Reform• New incentives for school persistence, dropout
recovery, and postsecondary enrollment- Added urgency of building college-readiness
for ELLs to take advantage of DREAM Act- Added fuel for state-level battles for tuition equity;
state financial aid- Work opportunities for DACA youth
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
For More Information
Sarah Hooker
Policy Analyst
Migration Policy Institute
Margie McHugh
Co-Director
MPI National Center on Immigrant
Integration Policy (NCIIP)
www.migrationpolicy.org
www.migrationpolicy.org/integration
© 2013 Migration Policy Institute
Michael Fix
MPI Senior Vice President
Co-Director of NCIIP
Migration Policy Institute
