POP QUIZ• Adam Smith realized that production was being

done in one of two ways. What were those?• Frederick Taylor said there were 4 principles to

the Scientific Management Method. What should be the step right after best practices are decided on?

• What did the Gilbreths call the individual actions that make up any job?

• List one thing that Max Weber believed about managers and authority.

POP QUIZ Answers• Adam Smith realized that production was being done in

one of two ways. What were those?– Craft style and production

• Frederick Taylor said there were 4 principles to the Scientific Management Method. What should be the step right after best practices are decided on?– Develop SOP’s

• What did the Gilbreths call the individual actions that make up any job?– Therbligs

• List one thing that Max Weber believed about managers and authority.– Comes from the position, commands respect, best shown in

org chart

The Evolution of Management

Thought

chapter twolecture 2

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fayol’s Principles of Management

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Division of Labor

Authority and Responsibility

Unity of Command

Line of Authority Centralization Unity of

Direction

Equity Order

Fayol’s Principles of Management

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Initiative Discipline Remuneration of Personnel

Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Subordination of Individual Interest

to the Common Interest

Esprit de corps

Behavioral Management Theory

• Behavioral Management– The study of how managers should personally

behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals.

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Behavioral Management

• Mary Parker Follett– Concerned that Taylor ignored the human side of

the organization• Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs• If workers have relevant knowledge of the task, then

they should control the task

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The Hawthorne Studiesand Human Relations

• Studies of how characteristics of the work setting affected worker fatigue and performance at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company from 1924-1932.– Worker productivity was measured at various

levels of light illumination.

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The Hawthorne Studiesand Human Relations

• Human Relations Implications– Hawthorne effect — workers’ attitudes toward

their managers affect the level of workers’ performance

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The Hawthorne Studiesand Human Relations

• Human relations movement – advocates that supervisors be behaviorally trained

to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity

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The Hawthorne Studiesand Human Relations

• Behavior of managers and workers in the work setting is as important in explaining the level of performance as the technical aspects of the task

• Demonstrated the importance of understanding how the feelings, thoughts, and behavior of work-group members and managers affect performance

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The Hawthorne Studiesand Human Relations

• Informal organization – The system of behavioral

rules and norms that emerge in a group

• Organizational behavior– The study of the factors

that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.

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