Policy Cycle - Stewart Et Al 2008

7/25/2019 Policy Cycle - Stewart Et Al 2008

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Policy Cycle

Public Policy: An evolutionaryApproach

Stewart, Hedge & Lester (2!"


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What does mean PublicPolicy?

#ho$as % 'ye, or e)a$ple, de*nes publicpolicy as ++what governments do, whythey do it, and what diference it

makes

Harold Lasswell de*nes public policy as ++aprojected program o goals, values,and practices

-a$es Anderson de*nes the ter$ as ++apurposive course o action ollowed byan actor or set o actors in dealingwith a problem or matter o concern


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What does mean PolicyAnalysis?

#ho$as 'ye de*nes policy analysis asthe description and eplanation othe causes and conse!uences o

government activity" .)planation rather than prescription

Analysts should atte$pt to develop and

test general propositions about the causesand conse/uences o public policy and toaccu$ulate reliable research *ndings ogeneral relevance


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What does mean PolicyAnalysis?

0rover Starling: 1policy analysisshould be an interdisciplinary efort

to acilitate the reaching o soundpolicy decisions

3ei$er and 4ining (day5to5day notion"##policy analysis is client$oriented

advice relevant to public decisionsand inormed by social values"


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Purpose o Policy Analysis(67 ) 76%"

#he result is two 8inds o policy analysis

SC9.#979C: Produces 8nowledge othepolicy process

P%AC#9CAL: Produces 8nowledge orthepolicy process

%cienti&c

Practical

Dye Weimer &Vining

Starling


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Purpose o Policy Analysis

Producing research that policy $a8erscan use to assess and i$prove publicpolicies

Process o governing (policy $a8ing ori$ple$entation, or e)a$ple" unolds


Producing 'esearch

Social scientistsPolitical scientists

Sociologists and .cono$ists

Process o (overning

Ad$inistrators andLegislators


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.valuation and conclusion o change orter$ination

Public policies are always sub;ect to change on thebasis o new (or better" inor$ation about theire


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#ypes o Public Policies=

'istributive %edistributive

%egulatory Policies

Liberal (Social Changes"

Conservative (>eep Status Quo"

= (Lowi, ?@B"

>eep status

quo

Social

changes

Conservative Liberal


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#ypes o Public Policies=

Substantive and aterial Public Service 'elivery and 3or8s

(Highways"

Procedural and Sy$bolic Legislations

0uidelines and Principles

Collective ) Private

= (Lowi, ?@B"


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Cycle o Public Policies


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Cycle o Public Policy

Agenda Setting

Policy 7or$ulation

Policy 9$ple$entation Policy .valuation

Policy Change

Policy #er$ination


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Agenda Setting

-ohn >ingdon ++the list o subjects orproblems to which governmento2cials that are paying some seriousattention at any given time

1a set o political controversies that will beviewed as alling within the range olegiti$ate concerns $eriting the attentiono the polity, and it included both++syste$ic agendas and ++institutionalagendas


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Agenda Setting

#hree Strea$s o Agenda Setting: Proble$ Strea$

Proble$ de*nition

Public attention

Policy Strea$#echnical 7easibility o 3or8

Public Acceptance

Political Strea$

ational $ood

Public opinion

.lectoral politics


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Policy 7or$ulation

%esult o a $ultiple nu$ber o orcesthat a


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Policy 9$ple$entation

ost i$portant part o the Policy Cycle Law $ust be translated into speci*c guidelines 'escribed as a:

Process

6utput 6utco$e

'e*ned as 1a series o governmental decisionsand actions directed toward putting analready decided mandate into efect

Progra$$atic goals are pursued to addressoutco$es or changes in the larger societal proble$that the progra$ is intended to rectiy (eg, havecri$e rates been reducedE"


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Policy .valuation

Concerned with the actual i$pacts olegislation or the e)tent to which thepolicy actually achieves its intended

results

Does increasing the level of per pupil

educational expenditures bring aboutan increase in student performance orlearning?


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Policy Change

Absorbs several stages o the policycycle, including policy or$ulation,policy i$ple$entation, policy

evaluation, and policy ter$ination

.valuate ater ? decade (longperiod"


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Policy #er$ination

Several $eanings:

Agency #er$ination

Policy %edirection

Pro;ect .li$ination

Partial .li$ination

7iscal %etrench$ent

4ia Fig Fang or Long whi$per


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#he .volution o PolicyStudies


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#ensions on the Sub57ield=

(?" policy studies are a ad that will eventuallywither awayG

(2" policy studies are too practical or tootheoreticalG

(" policy studies are too $ultidisciplinary or toonarrowly ocused on political scienceG

(B" policy studies are too /uantitative or toononscienti*c in $ethodG

(I" policy studies are too little used or over utiliJedG

(" policy studies are too liberal or tooconservative

= Stuart

agel

Documents

Policy Cycle - Stewart Et Al 2008