Police Presentation to Communications Workshop

Police Presentation to

Communications Workshop

Inspector Gerry Prins

History of SAR in New Zealand - 1

Pre 1900s searches carried out for lost/wrecked ships but people lost in back country often were never rescued

From 1890s volunteer coastguard organisations in Canterbury and Auckland helped people in trouble at sea

In 1920s local search parties of police and volunteers from tramping, hunting or climbing clubs were formed if people went missing in bush

In 1930s rules and procedures agreed

Police to organise land searches – logical due to nationwide presence and communications network


Pre World War II – no national organisation for

search and rescue in aviation area

1948-1949 NZ subscribed to Chicago Convention

Formed Search and Rescue committee to search

for missing aircraft

By 1961 there were sub-committees in major centres

to coordinate searches in those areas

Three classes of rescue: Class I, II and III

NZ Police managed Class I and Class II

Civil Aviation Division managed Class III rescues

through Rescue Coordination Centres in

Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin


1964 police set up special SAR squads to cope with

the increasing numbers of rescues as more and

more people took part in outdoor activities

1976 New Zealand Coastguard Federation formed

bringing together regional and local Coastguard

units

Federated Mountain Clubs committee for policy and

training in 1966

In 1994 committee became a separate organisation –

New Zealand Land Search and Rescue

Formal agreement with Police on supporting

management of land searches


1989 - Rescue Coordination Centres were replaced by National Rescue Coordination Centre run by Civil Aviation Authority

Fatal boating accident off Oamaru in May 2003 exposed communications problems

Review led to Government funding of 24/7 service to be provided by new body

In 2003 the New Zealand Search and Rescue Council was formed

Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand established under management of Maritime New Zealand

Operational on 05 July 2004

Police SAR Structure

12 Police Districts

23 SAR squads responsible for areas within

their districts.

Squad members trained in SAR and Disaster

Victim Identification (DVI)

Members complete SAR in addition to usual

policing duties.

Full time SAR Coordinators in Canterbury,

Tasman, Wellington, Central, Auckland

The Big Picture

12 District

Commanders

Police National

Headquarters

Prosecutions

Crime Services

Legal Services

Information &

Technology

Human Resources

Training

Comms Centres

Commercial Vehicle

Investigation Unit

Accounts

Processing

Infringement

Licensing &

Vetting

District Management Structure

District Commander

Area Manager

Strategic Traffic Manager

Complaints Review

Operations Manager

Crime Services Manager

Human Resources Manager

Business Services Manager

Policing Development Manager

Optional

Manager

SAR Partners

Land SAR New Zealand

Royal New Zealand Coastguard Federation

Surf Life Saving New Zealand

Amateur Radio Emergency Corps

RCCNZ / Maritime NZ

SAR Secretariat / SAR Council

Numerous other groups also assist

SAR Activation Process

Incident

Call to Police Communications Centre 111

Communications centre activate SAR Plan

If urgent will dispatch resources such as

Coastguard, helicopter

Police SAR Coordinator for that area

contacted

CIMS used to coordinate a search

Search and Rescue Operation

A Search and Rescue Operation (SAROP) is an operation undertaken by a Coordinating Authority to locate and retrieve persons missing or in distress.

The intention of the operation is to save lives, prevent or minimise injuries and remove persons from situations of peril by locating persons, providing for initial medial care or other needs and then delivering them to a place of safety.

Coordinating Authority

The Coordinating Authority is the agency or body

responsible for the overall conduct of the Search and

Rescue Operation.

The Coordinating Authority will lead and manage the

operation.

The New Zealand Police and the Rescue

Coordination Centre New Zealand are the recognised

Coordinating Authorities in New Zealand.

Category I SAR Definition

A SAROP coordinated at the local level; including land operations, subterranean operations, river, lake and inland waterway operations and close-to-shore marine operations

The nature of ‘close-to-shore’ will vary according to the availability of local resources and the need to task national assets. Typically such operations will be within NZ Territorial Waters (12 nautical miles).

Category I SAROPs typically require the use of local personnel and resources and can be carried out efficiently and effectively at the local level.

Category II SAR Definition

A SAROP coordinated at the national level; including,

operations associated with missing aircraft or aircraft

in distress and off-shore marine operations within the

New Zealand Search and Rescue Region.

With the agreement of both Coordinating Authorities

any SAROP may be recategorised at any time and

responsibility passed in either direction.

STRATEGIC ISSUES

•Coordination of SAROPs with RCCNZ

•Continue to improve working relationships

•“Hard Out” Coronial Report

•Police are in charge!!

•Training Development

•SAR Council direction on training

•National Curriculum

•Joint Training Courses

•Training/development of CIMS

•Police SAR Training Courses at Police College

Lessons Wanganui

Incident Controller is responsible

must ensure a Incident Management Team is bought together

open and frank discussions are held

challenges are made to any assumptions/plans.

SAR Coordinators need to ensure strong relationships exist between Police and SAR Partners.

Police Land and Marine Pre Plans need to ensure capability of aviation rescue assets are regularly updated.

Questions??

INTRODUCTION

Jeff Sayer

National Director AREC

• Licensed amateur radio operator and involved in SAR

activity for 50 years

• Commercial helicopter pilot for 30 years including

stint at Life Flight Trust in Wellington

Topic - History, purpose, role, and organisation of AREC

in land based SAR operations

AREC Introduction

• The objective of Amateur Radio Emergency

Communications is to support LandSAR and other

emergency services with the provision of experienced

radio communications personnel and advice

• AREC is an associate member of LandSAR New

Zealand and a member of the New Zealand Search and

Rescue (NZSAR) Consultative Committee

• All members of the organization are unpaid volunteers

HISTORY -1931 Earthquake devastates Napier

• Telegraph and telephone communications disrupted

1931 Amateurs and P&T work together

• Amateur radio stations used by Post and Telegraph

department to restore vital communications

PURPOSE - 1932 AREC formed

• Established after the Napier earthquake to train radio

operators in providing reliable message handling over

the length of the country for any type of emergency

• Individually licensed amateur radio operators required to

meet standards set by Radio Spectrum Management,

part of the Ministry of Economic Development

• Members drawn from every walk of life and profession

giving a breadth of experience aligned to unique

technical depth

1951 – Radio communications

• After the Second World War, search and rescue teams began to use

war surplus radio equipment for communications

• During the search for lost tramper Stanley Vial, in 1951 this primitive

and heavy equipment was used to communicate from the field HQ to

town base

1989 – Radio communications

• By the mid 80s the New Zealand made AWA portable radio was in

common use for SAR

• Image shows the radio in use during the hunt for three Venturer

Scouts missing in the Tararua Range in June 1989

ROLE - AREC contributions to Land SAR

AREC provides operational support to LandSAR

• Operators, equipment, and training

• Portable HF radio development

Advice, development, and support with ICT aspects of SAR

• Pioneered VHF repeater usage

• Tracking systems 121.5 MHz beacons and patients

• Development of deployable IT networks

• Licensing services and type approval advice

Operators, equipment, and training

Portable repeaters

Terrain evaluation for VHF coverage

HF propagation predictions

ORGANISATION

Parent body is NZART Inc

National Director, Deputy, and National Secretary

Area Managers - Northern, Central, Midlands and Southern

45 active Sections - Section and Deputy Section Leaders

Funded via local section contributions and a Trust with

LandSAR representation on board

THE END

INTRODUCTION

Rex Aubrey

Police National Headquarters Radio Engineering Officer

• Past LandSAR Advisory Group Member

• Past NZLSAR Communications Subcommittee Member

AGENDA

• Use of Radio Frequencies Policy

• Police SAR Equipment Scale

• Importance of HF

• New Police Digital Network

OLD NZLSAR COMMS SUBCOMMITTEE

Guided LandSAR comms for more than 10 years until Dec 2006

• Rex Aubrey, Ross Thompson, Bruce McLachlan, Ian Gardiner

• Terry Waghorn, Jeff Sayer, Steve Davis (absent Graham Thorp)

USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES

• Over the past 10 years under the guidance of the former NZLSAR

Communications Sub Committee, the NZ Police have purchased a

quantity of VHF and HF radios to adequately fulfill Search and

Rescue needs

• All radios comply with the NZ radio regulations and are described as

'type approved‘ – now a legal requirement

• All Police SAR VHF radios are programmed the same throughout

the country with 16 'common' channels in 'Bank 1'

• The ESB repeater channels are only licensed for transportable

operation

• Written permission from the various agencies is to be applied for by

the owners of the radio – legal requirement

POLICE SAR EQUIPMENT SCALE

• 228 VHF hand-held radios (in kits of six portables)

• 29 VHF mobile radios (transportable base stations)

• 33 VHF repeaters

• 180 HF Polsar portables

• Equipment owned and maintained by Police with purchase

coordinated with old NZLSAR Communications Subcommittee

VHF Handheld Kit North Island Distribution

Area Qty Area Qty

Whangarei 1 Napier 1

Auckland 1 New Plymouth 1

Hamilton 1 Wanganui 1

Thames 1 Taumarunui 1

Whakatane 1 Palmerston North 1

Rotorua 1 Levin 1

Tauranga 1 Wellington City 2

Taupo 1 Masterton 1

Gisborne 1

Wairoa 1 Police National HQ 1

VHF Handheld Kit South Island Distribution

Area Qty Area Qty

Nelson 1 Sth Canterbury 1

Takaka 1 Whataroa 1

Blenheim 1 Dunedin 1

Kaikoura 1 Queenstown 1

Greymouth 1 Te Anau 1

Westport 1 Tekapo

Canterbury 2 Wanaka 1

Haast 1 Invercargill 1

VHF Repeater Distribution

North Island

Auckland Services, Whangarei, Hamilton, Whakatane, Rotorua

Tauranga, Taupo, Gisborne, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui

Taumarunui, Palmerston North, Levin, Wellington City, Masterton

South Island

Takaka, Blenheim, Nelson, Greymouth, Kaikoura, Westport

Christchurch (link), Canterbury, Sth Canterbury, Whataroa, Dunedin

Queenstown, Te Anau, Invercargill

National Spares

Police HQ, Police HQ (link), Ak I&T (link), and Wgtn I&T (link)

HF Polsar Distribution

Area Qty Area Qty

North Island Palmerston Nth 5

Whangarei 6 Levin 5

Auckland 4 Masterton 3

Hamilton 6 Wellington 8

Rotorua 34 Spare (Rex) 3

Wairoa 2

Taumarunui 4 South Island

Napier 8 Nelson 31

New Plymouth 4 Christchurch 43

Wanganui 5 Dunedin 9

IMPORTANCE OF HF

Still vital tool for remote area

communications

Important that all teams remain

completely familiar with HF radio

Telephone interconnects now

provide good level of HF service

to base locations in otherwise

high noise locations

HF propagation sometimes

requires expert help (AREC)

IPS Australia predictions available

on the web:

www.ips.gov.au

HF Station Antenna At Mt Climie

NEW POLSAR HF EQUIPMENT

Specialist Group Selcall VersionStandard SAR Team Version

POLICE P25 DIGTIAL NETWORK

Digital network for operational Policing needs

APCO P25 FDMA trunking digital network

• Allows conventional FM and digital P25 operation in one radio

UHF portable equipment in ESD band

VHF mobile equipment in ESB band

• VHF mobile radios enable all NZ SAR frequencies to be fitted to

every police vehicle

• Wellington, Hutt, Kapiti/Mana, and Wairarapa vehicles now have

access to SAR frequencies

NEW POLICE DIGITAL RADIO EQUIPMENT

VHF MOBILE

UH

F P

OR

TA

BL

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Police P25 Digital Network

Digital Network Coverage Expected

Test July 2008

Wellington Mid 2009

Auckland Late 2010

North Canterbury Late 2010

Smaller centres 2011 - 2014

NZ Fire and St John Ambulance 2011 - 2014

Whole of Government national roll-out Early 2014

Welcome to South Island

Mountain Radio Service

View near Glenorchy - “Southern Station”

Canterbury Mountain Radio

Service Inc. operating as South

Island Mountain Radio

Founded in 1968

Pioneered Mountain radio

Over forty years experience now

10 x AM radios in 1969

1st Single Sideband Bases in 1978

1st SSB Radios in 1980

218 + SSB Radios in 2009

MRS3 Mountain Radios

MRS1 Radios – Hut Radio

ZKIB Base Station System

UHF links in „I Band‟ - Covers Christchurch

Low Noise solar powered “Northern” site at Loburn and “Southern” site at Glenorchy

Modern technology including broadband

Telephone Inter-connect units on both sites

80% of emergencies are „direct‟ to St Johns or Police from field sets

TOTAL South Island and Stewart Island Coverage

Distribution

Main Office – Montreal St Christchurch

Depots: Dunedin, Invercargill, Bluff,

Te Anau, Westport, Hokitika, Blenheim,

Motueka, Wanaka and Queenstown

We Handle North Island radios when in

South Island

Marley‟s Hill UHF Equipment

White Rock Site

Solar powered HF Site

Important DetailsVoluntary „non-profit‟ organization – now has

Charitable Society status (2009)

Strong links to Canterbury Mountaineering Club and NZ Alpine Club

Distribution points in Christchurch, Hokitika, Dunedin, Nelson, Invercargill, Te Anau, Wanaka, Queenstown, Bluff – „took over‟ Southland Field Radio in February 2009

Hut radios in Cameron, Park Morpeth, Macaulay, Barker, Pinnacles, St Winifreds and Reischek mountain huts

365 days per year 24/7 operation

Weather forecasts and messages are standard services

Moderate Fees

Weekend rate - $40/radio

Weekly rate - $50/radio for private parties

Weekly rate - $60/radio for commercial customers

Long term rates negotiable

Selcall microphone - $10/week

Rates for 4WD users $150/annum

White Rock Equipment

Simplified Diagram

System Diagram

Southern Remote Site

That‟s It Folks

Help!

Department of Conservation

NZSAR Land Communication Workshop

2009

24 November 2009

Introduction

DoC Radio Network Overview

DoC VHF Radio Network

Alternative Network options

Public Protection Disaster Recovery

Access and Permissions

Doc Radio Network Overview

44 November 2009


Why does DOC have a Radio Communications Network?

Thirty percent of NZ land mass is DoC estate

To meet DOC's needs for Health and Safety, Rural Fire and day to

day operational requirements.

Most of the staff work in remote areas with no cellphone coverage

and away from telephones.

DOC has its own VHF and HF radio communication networks to

fill the gap.

VHF (Very High Frequency 30 - 300MHz)

HF (High Frequency 3 – 30MHz)

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54 November 2009


Why is both VHF and HF radio used? The Network consists of a VHF repeater system which meets

most of the communication needs.

Gaps in VHF coverage because it is unable to get over or through

obstacles that block the line of sight path.

HF radio is able to get over the obstacles by bouncing signals

from the Ionosphere.

XX

VHF signals HF signals

64 November 2009


How is it Supported?

A Support Team in National Office (4 staff)

A Radio Help Desk (Transfield services as of end October 09)

National Contractor (Transfield services as of end October 09)

Transfield Services selected Sub Contractors

Technology Suppliers

Local DOC staff

74 November 2009


Numbers of VHF Radios in DOC

105 Repeater sites

42 Portable repeaters

70 Telephone Interconnects

700 Mobiles

150 Bases and Hut radios

1250 Handhelds

84 November 2009

Doc Radio Network Overview

Numbers of HF Radios in DOC

160 Portable HF Units (SR3)

14 Semi portable Units (Qmac)

26 Base and Hut HF radios

6 Telephone Interconnect Sites

Other Radio Technology

Satellite phones (24 Iridium that we know about)

Fixed satellite installations for data to offices

Cell phones (723 including data cards)

SR-3

http://www.jmu.edu/basicschool/wm_library/tree.gif

VHF Radio Network

104 November 2009

VHF Radio Network

114 November 2009

VHF Radio Network

DoC Radio Channel Plans

Unique radio channel plans for each of the twelve Conservancy. The first thirty DoC channels are standardise over all conservancies.

16 Duplex and three simplex radio channels allocated exclusively to the Doc in Emergency Service B VHF band.

Only 14 duplex channels are used nationally, average reuse is over 7 times per channel. (DoC also sponsor Maritime NZ, Auckland and Christchurch regional parks use of its ESB channels)

All the radios for each conservancy have the same Channel plan / data file loaded in the radio which has all the channel information to allow the radios to work.

Individual to each radio is the radio callsign / ID and Selcall number

124 November 2009

Is it a Network?

Each Channel is “parented” to a DoC Area office, base station hence access is effective controlled at this level.

Site radio coverage is dimensioned for a specific work area satisfying a particular work requirements of the Area Office, e.g. Kiwi, track, or pest control.

Within a conservancy some VHF repeaters are linked together via UHF bearers to increase coverage. Not preferred due increase channel loading /activity.

Each radio repeater has an associate radiotelephone interconnect facility so it can access the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

VHF Radio Network

134 November 2009

VHF Radio Network

DOC VHF Radio Network

Of the approximately 100 radio sites over 80 of these are solar

sites.

Power is an issue : Average repeater designed for 1-2 Hours Max

transmit per 24Hrour period, 10 days with no sun.

High altitude Helicopter access

Currently building 2-3 new sites per year, likely to be less in the

future. Approx $50K + to establish a new site.

Portable repeaters used to provide extra network capacity and

infill as well as for Co-ordinated Incident Management (CIMS)

events.

Radio

Alternative Network Options

154 November 2009


Portable VHF Repeater Features

Two models of stand alone repeaters for:

i) CIMS typically Forest Fires (orange pelican case)

ii) General Operations (grey pelican case)

Providing extra network capacity

Or for extending network coverage as a relay station

Temporary deployment (typically Days, Months)

164 November 2009


Portable repeater additional features for longer term

deployment

Additional Solar Power Supply

100 AH Battery

40 Watt Solar panel

Mast Kit

174 November 2009

HF

HF a low cost technology

HF is one to many operation

Long antennas and semi-permanent field set up are required

Variable communication due to changes of the Ionosphere throughout

the day and night and seasons

Good HF field knowledge to operate effectively

Six HF radio telephone interconnect gateway


SR-3A

e

184 November 2009


Satellite

Satellite is expensive

Similar to using a cellphone

Satellite is one to one operation

Global coverage (off shore islands)

Prone to call dropout

Don’t work well in steep ravines or under bush canopy

Future Public Protection Disaster Relief

Digital Radio Network

204 November 2009

Long term advantages for DOC of joining a PPDR Network

True national radio network

More coverage

High level of support (managed service SLA)

High priority for faults and issues

Potentially better interoperability with other agencies

Digital is likely to become the standard, offering new applications

Terminals can be purchased at contracted rates

PPDR Digital Radio

214 November 2009

Issues for DOC joining a digital PPDR network

Coverage (DOC needs radio coverage in the remote unpopulated DoC estate)

Solar Power issues (Digital radio is power hungry and DOC sites typically are

solar sites)

Cost (Digital radios are expensive compared to analogue radios)

Interconnection to other networks (Maritime, PSTN, LMR )

PPDR Digital Radio

224 November 2009

PPDR Digital Radio

Our approach

Currently working with other agencies and talking about interoperability

issues

Taking a long term approach given the DOC radio network is still in a

sound condition

Looking for a digital capable radio that meets DOC’s requirements i.e.

light, waterproof and capable of working on the a digital network once

software licence keys are purchased. What we look for is a digital radio

that can operate as a conventional analogue radio supporting CTCSS, 5

tone selcall, etc. Plus be upgradable to the digital Network by

reprogramming firmware software

234 November 2009

Radio : Access and Permissions

Accessing DoC Network

Issues:

New Zealand Radiocommunications Regulations, Reg 13

ESB Band

SAR group needs to be “sponsored” by DoC Area Manager

Develop relationship with local DoC staff

Land SAR Frequency Use

AREC Equipment Programme

© 2009 ZL4JY | AREC

Introduction

John Yaldwyn

AREC Area Manager Central

• Licensed radio operator and involved in SAR activity for 30 years

• Communications Advisor LandSAR Wellington

• RSM / MED Approved Radio Certifier

• CTO 4RF Communications Ltd

Agenda

• Land SAR communications frequency use

• AREC new equipment programme

• Licensing and compliance

• Issues

04/11/20092


Communications are the cornerstone of SAR today

It is hard to image SAR operations without communications. VHF and HF radio are the key

means used to coordinate SAR activity. But the beginnings were humble…

From 1930 AREC have been providing communications for SAR (alongside RNZ Signal

Corps). AREC introduced the first valve based portable radios to SAR, the ZC1 and TRP-

1, and later Civil Aviation provided and maintained field team radios in the form of the P4,

TR3, and later TR105 equipments.

Today radio systems used for SAR are based on combination of existing in-service

equipment used by Police, RNZAF, DoC, and MCDEM with purpose deployed equipment

provided by Police and volunteer organizations, primarily LandSAR and AREC.

Frequencies licenced by Police in the Emergency Services B band provide the key VHF

capability, supporting both simplex and repeater operation. Based on policy decided in

2004, Police resources are focused on portable repeater assets. In some areas fixed

repeaters are appropriate because of the high number of operations. These repeaters may

be existing machines owned by a TLA or DoC. Alternatively the local LandSAR or AREC

group may fund an installation using Police licenced MS or nationally sponsored EE band

frequencies. The new Police ESB fixed network provides further opportunities.

04/11/20093


A little history …

04/11/20094

Pye PTC102 77MHz 1949 ZC1 Field Base HF Radio 1944 Pye Bantam 40MHz 1960

AWA P4 HF 1970 Tait T30x VHF 1970 Condor/Codan HF 1980


SAR VHF FM ‘line-of-sight’ and long distance HF allocations

VHF ESB Band

• Public Safety Radio Frequency Management Group (PSRFMG) managed

• Narrow band 12.5 kHz channel spacing

• Conventional FM simplex and repeater use – PSRFMG and LandSAR

• P25 digital trunking use – Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) agencies

VHF Marine

• Wideband 25 kHz channels compatible with Maritime VHF service

VHF MS / EE / Other

• MS band wideband 25 kHz legacy channels for fixed repeaters

• EE band narrowband 12.5 kHz channels for fixed repeaters

• Local VHF channels (often TLA) such as E band and old CD band channels

HF/SSB

• Long range HF radios deployed with field teams and fitted to marine and aircraft assets

• Long history of effective usage but skill required to deploy successfully

04/11/20095


VHF ESB Band 138 – 144 MHz 12.5 kHz

04/11/20096

Channel Mode Purpose

ESX 07 Simplex Team to team communications

ESX 53 Simplex Team to team communications

ESX 39 Simplex Emergency services liaison simplex

ESB 57 Repeater Portable repeater use




ESB 163 Repeater DoC ‘20’ portable repeater

ESB 164 Repeater Emergency services liaison repeater

Note: Simplex = single frequency direct operation


VHF Marine Band 156 – 162 MHz 25 kHz

04/11/20097


MM 06 Simplex Marine Ch 6 ship to ship

MM 16 Simplex Marine Ch 16 Emergency / Calling

1. Simplex = single frequency direct radio to radio operation

VHF MS Band 158 – 161.5 MHz 25 kHz


MS 08 Repeater Legacy fixed repeater

MS 17 Repeater Legacy fixed repeater

MSX 27 Simplex Ground to Air for RNZAF & other aircraft


VHF EE Band 162.5 – 174 MHz 12.5 kHz

04/11/20098


EE 122 Repeater New fixed repeaters

EE 196 Repeater New fixed repeaters

HF SSB allocations


3023 kHz USB Simplex Long range beyond line of sight

5680 kHz USB Simplex Long range beyond line of sight

HF systems using selective calling and telecal features now provide telephone interconnection

from the field. Able to provide telephone access to the most remote parts of NZ.

AREC have access to interconnects at Greymouth, Wanganui, Waikanae, Masterton, and

Matamata with 3023/5680 kHz and other HF frequencies.


Licensing

04/11/20099

All radio systems used for SAR require some form of licence from RSM/MED.

• LandSAR ‘USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES Policy & Procedures’ sets out licensing

requirements for the nationally used SAR VHF frequencies

• Policy requires all equipment to meet NZ radio regulations (type approved)

• Aircraft and vessels have HF SAR frequencies under general user licences (GURL)

• Land use of SAR HF requires licence, AREC has a licence for 30 sets

Major compliance effort under action

• AREC new equipment program introducing new approved radios for HF

New HF deployed in Christchurch, Lower Hutt, Martin, Masterton, Thames, Dannevirke, Hastings,

Hamilton, Tauranga, New Plymouth, Auckland, Marlborough, Wanganui and Wellington

• LandSAR procurement activity for 100-150 VHF radios under way

Formal procedure for first bank of 16 nationally used channels.

Local channel use (second bank of 16 channels) typically requires Regulation 13

permission letter for licence holder and ideally an MoU on usage.


AREC new type approved HF/SSB base sets

• Provided to AREC in areas with most SAR activity in last 2 years

• First 15 units already in the field fitted with SAR, MRS, and 4WD freqs

• Sets are licensed with ZKH 20xx series call signs

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IPM

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Cross band linking repeaters

• Portable type approved ESB band to F band UHF linking

• Used to access remote VHF DoC, CD, and SAR repeaters from base

• Same battery as yellow box repeaters, fitted with low battery drop out

• Unique dual band ESB / F band antenna

NE

W E

QU

IPM

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Issues

04/11/200912

Future pressure probable from PPDR digital network on ESB allocations. One option is

to increase use of EE band with similar technical characteristics.

EE band allows for 220 repeaters and 87 simplex channels that are presently moderately

loaded (average 2.2 repeater and 4 simplex licenses per channel).

New DoC portable repeater allocations are in EE band (4 portable repeater allocations)

Availability of frequencies is an issue in Wellington and for proposed new 5 repeater

system to cover Tararua and Ruahine ranges. EE band one possible solution.

Re-planning of entire VHF band 136 – 174 MHz may one day be necessary but beyond

scope of our discussion here!

Antenna choices becoming critical in planning VHF systems for SAR. Normal mobile

antenna do not effectively cover the range of frequencies covered by ESB, marine, and

EE VHF allocation (138 – 174 MHz). Common portable radio antennas are designed for

(138 – 150 MHz), inadequate for even ESB and marine allocations.

NZSAR Land Based SAR Communications Workshop

FLT LT Mike Martin

22nd Oct 2009

Introduction

FLTLT Mike Martin

CISO

SOIS DCIS(F)

• Current Capability– UH1-H

– P-3K

– C-130

• Future Capability– NH-90 (MUH)

– A-109 (TLUH)

– P-3K2

– C-130

SAR Platforms

Current Capability

• UH-1H Iroquois – HF

• RC HF-9000

– U/VHF

• AN/ARC-182

• P-3K Orion– HF

• RC HF-9000

– U/VHF

• AN/ARC-182

• C-130 Hercules– HF

• RC HF-9000

– U/VHF

• AN/ARC-182

http://ohakea/cpe/Galleries/Air Iroquois/pages/OH 02-0281-82.htm

• Air CIS– HF

• Harris AN/PRC-150 (RF-5800)

• Harris RF1140C 1kW transmitters– Controlled using a IP-based remote control system

– ALE implementation under action

– V/UHF • RACAL AN/PRC 148 (MBITR)

• Harris AN/PRC 117F

• Motorola RT328

– SAT• Ku Band

• C Band

• Inmarsat (BGAN, B and M4)

• Iridium Mobile

• UHF MILSATCOM (AN/PRC 148 and AN/PRC 117F)

Current Land Capability

Future Capability

•NH-90–Wulfsberg RT-5000

–AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C)

–HF-9087D

–RSC-125G

–Mission Planning

–GPS

–Multifunction Display

–Weather Radar

–Dual hoist winch

Future Capability

•A-109–Wulfsberg RT-5000

–AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C)

–HF 9000

–Mission Planning

–GPS

–Multifunction Display

–Weather Radar

Future Capability

•P-3K2–EO System

–Wulfsberg (RT-5000)

–AN/ARC210(V) (RT-1851C)

–RC HF-9550

–Aero H+

–SWIFT 64

–Mission Planning

–GPS

–LINK 16

http://projects/air-P3K2/P3K2 Video Library/Prototype First Flight/10.jpg

Same area

WULFSBERG RT-5000• 29.7-960 MHz Main Transceiver

136 – 174 MHz P25 Module

• 10 Watts FM/15 Watts AM (Nominal) 403 – 470 MHz P25 Module

• TX Power 380 – 470 MHz P25 Module

• 1.25 kHz Tuning 450 – 520 MHz P25 Module

• 764 – 870 MHz

• 12.5/25/35/70 kHz IF Bandwidths 806 – 869 MHz P25 Module

• CTCSS/DCS Tone Squelch Encryption: DES-XL, DES-OBF,

• FAA PMA Certified (Pending) DVP-XL, DVI-XL, AES, APCO 25 (P-25)

ARC210(V) – 1851C• 30 - 88 MHZ FM Normal/secure voice, 150

Hz tone transmission, SINCGARS-V

• 108 - 137 MHz AM Normal voice, 121.5

MHz Guard Receiver, ADF, 108 - 118 MHz

receive only

• 137 - 156 MHz AM/FM Normal/secure

voice, 1020 Hz tone transmission, ADF

• 225 - 400 MHz AM Normal/secure voice,

1020 Hz tone transmission, ADF,

CASS/DICASS, HAVE QUICK, HAVE

QUICK II, 243 MHz Guard Receiver

Rockwell Collins HF-9000• Frequency: 2.0 to 29.9999 MHz

• Modes: USB, LSB, ISB, AM/AME, CW

• 200W peak/100W average

• Embedded ALE: MIL-STD-188-141B

• Embedded Modem: MIL-STD-188-110B, Appendices C and F (Data rates

up to 19.2 kbps)

• Embedded ARINC 714-6 SELCAL decoder

• 249 ITU radiotelephone and six emergency channels pre-programmed

Rockwell Collins RSC-125G• The RSC-125G Personnel Locator System is a position reporting and

communication system for Combat Search And Rescue (CSAR) missions.

• The RSC-125G is fully interoperable with several General Dynamics CSAR radios, including the GPS-112 CSAR Radio, AN/PRC-112G while retaining compatibility with conventional CSAR beacons.

• It exploits the most modern techniques like GPS (Global Positioning System), DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), Burst Direction Finding and Secured Burst Data Transmission to achieve:– Accurate localization of the downed crew

– Over-the horizon operation using the relay function

– First Pass pickup

– Low Probability of Interception (LPI) and Low Probability of Detection ( LPD)

– Peacetime and Civil SAR missions

– Displays beacon on multifunction display

PEACETIME SAR

• Permanent scanning of distress frequencies (121.5 / 243 /406 MHz)

• Decoding of COSPAS-SARSAT message

Flight and Mission Planning

Future Systems• Airborne Ku/Ka Band (P-3K2+)

• TCDL/COFDM (P-3K2+)

• Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)

• Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS)

• Future Sat Systems (X and Ka-Band)

• Cellular Repeaters

• Variable Message Format (VMF)

Issues• Interoperability

– Current radios are not Duplex. A/C can generally either hear or talk.

– No AGA channels.

– Some channels outside of the helicopters ability to operate such as Ch 83.

– Existing interoperability will not change but will be enhanced by introduction of

the Wulfsberg RT-5000

– ARC-210 provides equivalent V/UHF interagency capabilities as the legacy

ARC-182 & ARC-159 radios fitted to existing aircraft.

• Coordination

– Land SAR Channel Plan

– Crypto Management for APCO 25

– NZDF has representation on the e-GIF PPDR Working Group 3

– RNZAF has single service representation on the encryption sub committee and is

seeking membership of any Operations Working Group

The Future• The modern military CIS environment is

complex.

• Information sharing is critical.

• Emerging technologies are reducing decision times.

• RNZAF has undergone significant technology upgrade. It is very quickly moving towards being an information defined Air Force.

• The security threat is real. Must protect our people and our information.

• Defence Review 09

Documents

Police Presentation to Communications Workshop