PLANT DIVERSITY

1. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.

(a) Noctituca is colourless & does not have chloroplast and it has' holozoic mode of nutrition But yet it is placed in dinoflageltates.

(b) What is the reason that some dinoltagallates(e.g.Noctituca and Pyrosystis) show "Bioluminescence"?

(c) Dinoftagellates are called rnesokaryote, why?(d) Why, diatoms are used as a "heat insulator"?(e) Why Oscitlatoria can survive in hot water streams?

2. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.(a) How we can consider that green algae are similar to higher plant?(b) Why Sargassurn, Laminar etc algae having brown colour?(c) Which type of algae form coral reefs and why?(d) Why Thallophytes do not have embryo?(e) Why bread becomes soft & spongy, when yeast cells are added in wheat

dough?

3. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.(a) "Noctituca is the protist of pyrrophyta division and the zygotic meiosis

present fin the organism of pyrophyta division but absent in Noctiluca" write the reason of above statement.

(b) Why diatoms are not ,destroyed as quickly as other algae?(c) In the basis of classification floral character are comparatively more used

than vegetative character Why?(d) Why diatoms soil used for insulation of boilers and vapour pipes?(e) Why the good yield of rice is obtained without using nitrogenous fertilizer

for many years?

4. Give the answer of following questions in one or two lines.(a) Why the pteriduphyte are more adaptive terrestrial plant as compare to

Bryophytes?(b) What is the reason that Bryophytes, prefer to grow in moist and shady

places?(c) Why the life cycle of Gymnosperm is diplontic?(d) If the space between inner cell wall and cell membrane has been

blocked in gram negative bacteria. What effect will be observed?(e) Why the Linnaeus's classification system also known as sexual system?

5. Write the complete name of the following :CAPRI, CDRI, CIMAP IARI ICBNICZN, ICVN ICNCP NBRI FRI

1

6. Answer the following questions in one word.(a) Write the name of that brown algae which is the source of iodine.(b) Witte the name of that portist which is known as the connecting link

between animals andplants and having holophytic and saprophytic mode of nutrition.

(c) Write the name of that fungi, which is also known as Baker's yeast.(d) Write down the name of fungi, which is also known as weed of

laboratory.(e) Which fungi is responsible for "powdery mildew of pea"?(f) Write the name of that green algae which lives on tea plant as a parasite

and produce "recrust rust" diseases on it.(g) Write down the name of saprophytic moss plant.(h) Write down the name of the smallest Pteridophyte plant.(i) Write down the name of aquatic pteridophyte plant in which secondary

growth will be find in stem.(j) Write down the name of Gymnosperm plant which is also known as

"maiden hair tree"7. Answer the following questions in one word.

(a) Which type of life cycle is found in Bryophytes?(b) The scientific name in, which generic name and scientific name both are

similar are known as?(c) The species, which are morphologically similar but reproductively

isolated are known as?(d) "All the members that can interbreed among themselves and can

produce fertile off spring are the member of same species." The given definition is according to which scientist?

(e) Write down the name, of the scientist who classify the plants.,on the basis of vascular tissue in non-vascular and vascular group.

(f) A group of genus which shows the general structural similarities in floral organs from one another is known as?

(g) A person who studied about the origin, evolution, variations and classification of plants is known as?

(h) Write the name of that symbiotic relationship which is present between the roots of seed plants and fungi.

(i) In an aquatic environment microscopic animals and plants are collectively known as –

(j) A motile, flagellated asexual cell is known as –

2

8. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn – I Coloumn - II(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

Alage Fungi AngiospermPteridophyteGymnosperm

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)(Viii)(ix)(x)

ChlamydomonasOedogonium Rosa inica AdiantumRhizopusGnetumEquisetumEquisetumSolanum tuberosumDiplococcus pneumoneae

9. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn – I Coloumn - II(A)(B)(c)(D)(E)

Gelidium SphagnumAzollaMycoplasmaZamia

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)(Viii)(ix)(x)(xi)(xii)

Pear moss.Agar . agarPteridophytePolymorphismRed algaeAquatic fermFloridian starchAster yellow diseaseSmallest gymnosperm plantProkaryteBacterio chlorophyllSaxitoxin

10. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn – I Coloumn - II(A)

(B)(c)(D)

Pedology

MicrobiologySpermologyPhenology

(i)

(ii)(iii)(iv)

Study of seasonal variations in plant Communities Study of trees and shrubs.Study of control of genetic diseaseStudy of seeds

3

(E)(F)(G)(H)(I)(J)

DendrologyEuphenicsTeratologyActinobiologySilvicultureVirology

(v)(vi)(vii)(Viii)(ix)(x)

Study of abnormalities in embryo Study of viruesStudy of structure and composition of soilStudy of forest cultivation Study of mircrobesStudy of effect of radiations n living being

11. Match the column I with column II

Coloumn – I Coloumn - II(A)(B)(c)(D)(E)

Theophrastus J. HuxleyCarolus LinnaeusLamarackCharles Darwin

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)(Viii)(ix)(x)(xi)(xii)

New systematicSystematicsFather of BotanySystema natureFather of TaxnomyDynamic concept of species Origin of speciesFlora indica Theory of natural selectionCauses of plantTrinomial systemFather of Bryology

12. Correct the mistakes in the given praragraphs(a) The structure of blue-green algae is similar to Gram positive eubactera.

Its cell wall is also bilayered. Outer wall is made up of lipoic acid' and inner wall is made up of cellulose. The call membrane of BGA is made up to chitin,The cytoplasm of BGA is divided in to two parts. The peripheral cytoplasm is known as cytoplasm and central cytoplasm is known as centioptasm.

(b) Some blue green algae can perform nitrogen fixation. They convert atmospheric oxygen in a nitrogenous compounds like amino acid. A special type of cell is found for niotroqen fixation in the blue green algae which is known as cyst.This special type of cell contains rthozvme enzyme for nitrogen fixation. For the synthesis of this enzyme there is a special type present in this special cell which is known as Huf gene. Blue

4

green algae per form nitrogen fixation both saprophytically and asymbiotically.

13. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph.Cell wall of prokaryotes is made up to peptidoglycan. It's structure has two parts. (i) lipids (ii) amino acids. But exceptionally cell wall of Acetobacter xylem um is made up of protein. Those prokaryotes which are inter-cellular lack cell wall. Cell membrane of prokaryotes is made up of lipoprotein Th. space between cell wall and cell membrane known as periplastidial space . This space is analogus to golgihody bacillus in this space digestion of simple substance is done.Prokaryotes also lack the true chromosome. Instead of it a false chromosom is present, which is made up of as circular naked DNA. small amount of RNA and histone protein.In prokaryotes cell wall invaginates which results in formation of a kind of structure, called as microsome. It structurally similar to mitochondria.

14. Correct the mistakes in the given paragraph.On the basis of vascular tissue Oswald Tippo classified the plant kingdom in two sub kingdom. Thallophyta and Embryophyta. Oswald Tippo classified the sub kingdom Thallophyta in ten divisions Cyanophyta. Euglenophyta Rhodophyta, Thallophyta, Pyrrophyta Phaeophyta Phaeophyta, Shizornycophyta, Myxotnycophyta and Rhizomycophyta. On the basis of embryo sub kingdom bryophyte classified in two divisons Atraeheata and Tracheophyta. Division Atracheala classified in three classes Hepaticopsida, Psilopsida and Bryopsida. Class Hepaticopsida include Hornworts and class biyopsida includes liverworts. Division Thallophyta classified in four classes Pteropsida. Anthocerupsida, Sphenopsida and Pteiopsida. Class biyopsida includes Ferns and Pteropsida includes Psilinum. Gymnosperm and-Angiosperm

15. In the following lines write the suitable word in place of underlined words.(a) Members of some species inhabiting similar environment and having

some genetic variations ate known as Ecotype.(b) Those species bound in similar geographical regions are known as

synchronic species.(c) The dynamic species was proposed by Linnaeus According to this

Concept species is always (d) Typological concept of species was proposed by Aristotle and Robert.(e) Those species. which are found in different geographical regions and

have geopgraphical barrier between them are known as sympatric species.

(f) Plants growing in a particular area known as fauna.

5

(g) If any scientist. writes the flora of a particular area then he used Ratignal classification.

(h) The classification of any plants or animals in written in ascending order.(i) All the humans in this world can inter breeding among themselves. so all

the humans are the members of many biological species.(j) Genus is the smallest taxonomic category and basic unit of

classification..16. In the given paragraph fill in the blanks with appropriate words –

The cell wall of diatoms is made up of…………(I)………………. in which silica pat ices are embedded in at many places. Due to which the cell wall appears to be made up of silica. This silicate cell wall is called -shell' or………………….(2)……………….Then cell wall is made up of two halves. which are arranged like the lids of a soap box. These half parts are collectively known as ……........(3)……………..In this part which is resent on the upper side acts as lid and, the known as ………………(4)……………..and the other basal part is known as ……………..(5) …………………..The place where there two parts over lops each other is called …………………(6)……………….In the cytoplasm of diatom…………..(7)……………and a ……………..(8)………………….. nucleusis present, Then cells have choroplast, in which chlorophyll a. chlorophyll ‘c and ………………….(9)…………………..pigments are present . In this storage food is …………………(10)…………………and fats(oil)

17. In the given paragraph fill in the blanks –

The main plant in bryophyte is ………………..(1)…………………Sex organs are…………………….(2)……………….. and jacketed in bryophytes. Male sex organs are called as…………….. (3)…………………and female sex organs are called as……………(4)……………………..The male gametes of bryophytes are motile. These motile male gametes are called as………..(5)………………In bryophytes, fertilization is done by……………(6)………………..As a result of fertilization a dipoid………….(7)………………….is formed.In bryophytes structure formed after the fertilization is developed by ………….(8)…………………..divisionsDuring development Ist & IIst division are ……………….(9)…………………But second division is right angle to the first divisions which results. In formation of a 4- celled embryo. Now the third divsion in 4-celled embryo is ………………….(10)…………… which results in formation of 8-celled embryo.

18. Fill in the blanks by selecting the words given below :-

6

[Hint Rhizoid, Key, Basidiocarp, Hasidim, Taxon,Heirarchy, Allochronic species, synchronic species, Gymnosperm, Herbarium, museum, Azolla, Chiorella, Sort. monocotyledon, monocotyledon](a) The …………………are root like structures which help in anchorage

and absorption of water in the bryophytes.(b) The phanerogams are seed bearing plants and are divided into

……………and angiosperm.(c) A scheme for identification of plants and animals is known as a……..(d) The fruiting body containing basidium is a multicellular structure called

…………….(e) Descending arrangment of taxonomic categories is known as………….(f) Those species found in different time periods are known as…………..(g) The collection or depository of dried plant specimen is known as………(h) If………….. is grown with rice, than the production increases up to 50%(i) The yellow or brown spots which have sporangia in fern are

called…………(j) Trimerous condition of floral whorls is characteristic of ……………….

19. Fill in the blanks :-(a) When the determination of species is based on interbreeding then it is

called as ……………….(b) Similarities and dissimilarities in structures of protein help to know the

…………of living being.(c) Bacterial cell wall can be dissolved by………………….enzyme.(d) Proteins present in the cell wall of gram negative bacteria are called

………………(e) Cells,carrying 'Col' factor secrete the ………………..which have an

antibiotic effect on other microbes.(f) Endospore is highly resistant structure due to presence

of……………….in its wall.(g) The process of water conduction is bryophytes take place with the help

of …………………(h) Blue green algae is surrounded by a mucllagenous sheath. This sheath

is made up to ………………….(i) The cytoplasm of prokaryotes lack membrane bound cell organdies but

exceptkmally in blue green algae two membrane bound structure are present. (i) Gas vacuole (ii)……………………..

(j) According to two kingdom system blue-green algae was included in class…………… of algae.

20. Read the given paragraph carefully and answer the following questions.Do you believe in fairlies? whether do or not, you must believe in 'fairy rings' for they are being seen very often in meadows. There you would find a ring of grass much brighter and richer and after a wet day in summer you may see a ring of toadstools too. If you were to dig up a toadstool you would fin, I a mass

7

of fine white threads. The toadstool is a fungus and these threads constitute the chief part of the plant.There is no green part, so the toadstools cannot make food as green plants do. It consists of rounded cap, smooth and white above but hearing a large number of brown gills below. The spores’ grow like a fine powder on the sides of the gills.(a) The mushroom is

(i) A plant consisting of fine green threads(ii) An edible fungus(iii) A flowering plant(iv) A bryophyte devoid of root, stem and leaf.

(b) Reproduction in fairy rings occurs by means of (i) Seeds (ii) Spores (iii) Flowers (iv) All of these

(c) The toadstools and mushrooms usually appear.(i) In the water logged soil(ii) During winter season(iii) In summer after rains(v) In autumn

(d) The brown gills of mushrooms(i) Have no function to perform(ii) Are meant for its respiration(iii) Help the plants to float in water after heavy rains(iv)Bear spores which help in reproduction

(e) Toadstools cannot manufacture their own food because(i) They do not have roots(ii) They do not have Ieaves(iii) They do not have chlorophyll(iv) They do not hoed food thou growth

21. (a) Identify the given diagrams (A to E)(b) Label any one structure in each diagram from (1 to 10)

8

22.

9

(a) In the above graphical representation write down suitable term for A, B, C. D, E & F

(b) Which type of life cycle pattern found in Pteridium?(c) Which type of antherozoids are formed in mature male reproductive

organ of Pteridium?(d) How many snore mother cells are formed in sporangium of Pteridium?(e) Which one of the following character is related with structure 'B'?

Dioecious/vascular/Non—vascuiar/branched.

23. Answer the following questions in one word(a) processes or finger like structures develops at the base of holdfast in

Ulthrix are known as(b) Particles responsible for storage of starch in Ulothrix are known as.(c) In favourable conditions, in Ulotlirix asexual reproduction takes place

by.(d) If a total 52 cells are present in a Ulotlirix filament. How many of them

can produce zoospores or aplanospores ?(e) How many phalli (filaments) are produced from the germination of a

zygosporu of Ulothrix ?(f) Rusting zygosporu of Ulothrix forms a rhizoid like structure. this stage

called as?(g) Diploid, quadriflagellated structure Is formed when fusing gametes first

unite by their anterior ends and later on they get fused completely. This structure is known as —

(h) What will produce if Ulotlirix is removed from water & placed in dry soil?

(i) Write the name of one lithophyte species of Ulotlirix.

10

(j) In Ulotlirix, protoplasm of cell shrinks & collects in centre and secretes thick wall around itself . These walled are called .

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(a) Identify the given diagram (1 to 5)(b) Write down shape of chloroplast which is found in (2), (3), (4) and (5).(c) Which type of conjugation mostly found in (5)?

25. (a) Identify the above diagram.(b) Region 'A' is separated by region B. by two

rings – the lower is 'a' and upper is ‘b’ Write down name of (a) & (b)

(c) Write the name of conducting part of region 'B'.

(d) Write down major function of structure 'X'.(e) Label structure X, Y,Z.(f) Write the name of region 'C in which

stomata are present.(g) Outermost layer of region B' is called as

11

ANSWER

1. (a) Because Noctiluca has two flagella and plated cell wall is also present in it.

(b) Because in some dinotlogellai protoplasm have photogenic granule.These granule up of luciferin protein. Energy is released by the oxidation of lucilerin.This energy is liberated in the form of light during night. So they show bioluminescence.

(c) Because histon protein is absent in its chromosome, due to this reason dinotlogellai arc called mesokaryotes.

(d) Because the wall of diatom is had conductor of heat and it is made up of silica.

(e) Oscillatorla can survive in hot water streams, due to the presence of homopolar bonds in proteins and having complex cell wall.

2. (a) On the basis of following points we can consider that green algae similar to higher plant(i) Pigment (chlorophyll a'. chlorophyll 'b' and Carotenoids)(ii) Stored food (Starch)(iii) Cell wall (made up of cellulose and pectin)

(b) The amount of fucoxanthin (brown coloured pigment) is more in brown algae, due to which these algae are brown in colour.

(c) Red algae. Because some red algae secret calcium carbonate and deposite on their walls thus these algae forms coral reefs.

(d) Because in thallophytes sexual reproduction takes place through zygotic meiosis, due this reason embryo is absent in thallophytes.

(e) Because in the fermentation process O2is produced by which bread becomes soft and spongy.

3. (a) Because diploid nucleus in present in Noctiluca.(b) Because silica is present in diatoms cell well.(c) Because floral character are more conservative than vegetative

character.(d) Because the well of Diatoms in made up of silica and it is bad

conductor of heat.(e) Because nitrogen fixing blue green algae are found in paddy fields.

4. (a) Because vascular tissue and roots are present in Pteridophytes.(b) Bryophytes prefer to grow in moist and shady places because their

male gametes (antherozontes) are motile so, it needed water for fertilization.

12

(c) Gametophyte of Gymnosperm is reduced and short lived so that saprophytic generations is dominant in gymnosperms, due to this reason life cycle is diplomatic.

(d) The complex substances will not be digested.(e) Because he classified plants on the basis of reproductive organs

(stamen and style)

5. CAPRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute

CDR1 Cental Drug Research Institute

CIMAP Central 'Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Lints

IARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute

ICBN . International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

ICZN International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

ICON International Code of Viral Nomenclature up,

ICNCP International Code of Nomenclature for Culttivated Plants

NBRI National Botanical Research Institute

FRIG Forest Research Institute

6. (a) Laminaria (b) Euglena(c) Saccharoniyces cereuisiae (d) Aspergillus niger(e) Erysiphe polygon' (I) Cephalcuros(g) Buxbamia (h) Azolia(i) Isoetes (J) Ginkgo bilobu

7. (a) Haplo-diplonlic (b) Tautonyrns(c) Sibling or cryptic species (d) Mayor(e) A. P. de. Candolle (f) Family(g) Classical taxonomist (h) Mycon him(i) Plankton (j) Zoospore

8. (A) i ii (B) v (C) iii, x (D) iv. viii, ix(E) vi. Vii

9. (A) ii, v, vii (B) i (C) iii, vi (D) iv, viii, x (E) ix

10. (A) vii (B) ix (C) iv (D) I (E) ii(F) iii (G) v (H) x (I) viii (j) vi

11. (A) iii, x (B) 'i, xi (C) ii, iv, v (D) vi (E) vii,ix

12. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct1. Gram Positive Gram negative

13

2. Lipoic acid lipo-polysaccharide2. cellulose peptidoylycan/murine/mucolreptidc3. chitin lipoprotein (lipid + protein)4. hyaloplasm chronmoplasn

(b) Line No. Incorrect Correct1. oxygen Nit Nitrogen3. cyst hetcrocvsi3. ribozyme nitrogenous5. Huf NIF6. saprophytically Symbiotically

13. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct.1. lipids Polysaccharide2. protein Cellulose3. inter-cellular intracellular4. peril plastidial Peripiasmic space5. golgi body Lysosome5. simple Complex7. histone non-histone/poly amines8. cell wall Cell membrane / plasma membrane9. microsome Mesosorne.9. Structurally Funtionally

14. (a) Line No. Incorrect Correct1 vascular tissue embryo3. Zoodiophyta Chlorophyta4. Rhizomycophyta Eumycophyta4. embryo vascular tissue6. Psitopside Anthoceropsida7. Hoar nworts Liver worts7. Liver worts Mosses8. Anthoceropsida Lycopsida8. Ferns Psilotum9. Psiloturn Fern

15. (a) Biotype (b) Symputric (c) Lamarck(d) Plato (e) Allopatric (1) Flora(g) Empirical (h) Descending (i) One biological species(I) Species

16. (1) Cellulose (2) Frusta Ile (3) Theca(4) Epitheca (5) Hypotheca (6) Girdle(7) Vacuole (8) Diploid (9) Xanthophytls (fucoxanthins)(10) Leucosisn (chrysolamlnarian)

14

17. (1) Gametophyte/Haploid (2) inter-cellular (3) Ant Antheridia(4) Archegoniurn (5) Antherozoites (6) Zoodioamy(7)Zygote (8)Mistosis/Mitotic division (9)Vertical/longitudinal (10) Transverse

18. (a) Rhizoides (b) Gymnosperm (c) Key(d) Basidiocarp (e) Hierarchy (f) Allochronic species(g) Herbarium - (h) Apollo (i) Son(j) monocotyledon

19. (a) Biological species (b) Phylogenetic relationship(c) Lysozyme (d) Porins(e) Colicins (f) Ca-dipicolinate(g) Parenchyma (h) Mucopolysaccharide / Pectic acid(i) Ihylakoids (j) Cyanophyceac or mophyceae

20. (a) (ii) (b) (ii) (c) (iii) (d) (iv) (e) (iii)

21 (a) (A) - L.S. of strobilus/spike/cone of Selaginella(B) - Dehiscence of sporangium of 0Pteridium/Sprongium of

Pteridium or Fern(C)- L. S. of male cone of Pinus(D)- External morphology of Pteridium/Fern(E)- External morphology of Equisetum

(b) (1) – Legume(2)– Microsporangium(3)– Spore(4)– Annulus cells(5)– Cone axix/central axis(6)–Microsporophylls/Apophysis of microsporophyll(7)– Raiment(8)– Rhizome(9)– Tuber(10)– Strobilus/Cone

22. (a) A —Meiosis B–Prothallus/Gametophytic plantC–Archegonium D–AntheridiumE–4igote/oospore F– Embryo

(b) Diplo – hapiontic(c) Spirally coiled and muitiflagellated(d) 12 to 16(e) Non vascular

23. (a) Heptera (b) Pyrenoids

15

(c) By zoospores formation (d) 51 only(e) 4-16 (f) Codiolum(g) Synkaryon (zygote) (h) Akines(i) Ulothrix implexa (j) Hypnospore

24. (a) (1) Volvo Colony/Voluox(2) Chlorelki (Unicellular nontnotile algae)(3) Chlamydomonas (Unicellular motile algae)(4) Ulothrix filament(5) Spirogyra filament

(b) (2) Parietal(3) Cup shaped(4) Girdle shaped/Horse shoe shaped/collar shaped(5) Spiral/Ribbon shaped

(c) Scalariform/Ladder like conjugation

25. (a) V.S./L.S. of Funaria capsule(b) a - Rim/Diaphragm b – Annulus(c) Columella(d) Dispersal of spores(e) X - Seta region or seta. Y - Spore mother cell Z – Trabeculac(f) Apophyseal region/Apophysis(g) Epidermis

16