Places, spaces,Places, spaces, and footprints and footprints

Herbert Girardet,Herbert Girardet,World Future CouncilWorld Future Council

Urban growth & resource useUrban growth & resource use

From 1900 to 2000 human numbers From 1900 to 2000 human numbers increased four fold increased four fold –– from 1.5 to 6 billion from 1.5 to 6 billion Resource consumption and urban Resource consumption and urban populations went up sixteen foldpopulations went up sixteen foldEvery year we burn up to two million yearEvery year we burn up to two million year’’s s worth of fossil fuel depositsworth of fossil fuel depositsCities, on 3Cities, on 3--4% of the world4% of the world’’s land surface s land surface use 80% of its resources, and discharge use 80% of its resources, and discharge most solid, liquid and gaseous wastemost solid, liquid and gaseous waste

CO2 emissioCO2 emissionns from passes from passennger trager trannsportsport

TheThe rangerange inin COCO22 emissionsemissions perper capitacapita / kgs per year/ kgs per year

PER CAPITA EMISSIONS OF CO2 FROM PASSENGERTRANSPORT IN 84 CITIES (PRIVATE AND PUBLIC

TRANSPORT)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Atla

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Hou

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San

Fran

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Los

Ang

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Phoe

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Was

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Chi

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New

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Sydn

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Riy

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Bru

ssel

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Fran

kfur

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enev

aR

ome

Ham

burg

Mun

ich

Stut

tgar

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slo

Stoc

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ante

sM

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open

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New

cast

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adrid

Paris

Ber

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Ber

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Bol

ogna

Tel A

viv

Am

ster

dam

Joha

nnes

bur

Ath

ens

Man

ches

ter

Sapp

oro

Toky

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Sing

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ague

Sao

Paul

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oul

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ong

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CITIES

Dynamics of changeDynamics of change

16

Increasing

Energy demandEnergy costsCO2 emissions Climate instability Sea levelsEntropy

Decreasing

Fossil fuel reservesNatural resourcesTime left for actionCost of renewable energy

GermanyGermany‘‘s Feeds Feed--In Tariffs, 1999 to 2007In Tariffs, 1999 to 2007

280,000 jobs created, 280,000 jobs created, €€21.6bn turnover for RE companies, 21.6bn turnover for RE companies, €€8.7bn investment per year8.7bn investment per yearReduced imports: Reduced imports: €€4.5 billion euro fuel imports avoided 4.5 billion euro fuel imports avoided Reduced emissions: 97 million tonnes of CO2 savedReduced emissions: 97 million tonnes of CO2 savedEcoEco--benefit: benefit: €€5.40 less environmental damage per 5.40 less environmental damage per household/ monthhousehold/ monthTotal cost: Total cost: €€3.00 per household/ month3.00 per household/ monthGrowing share of power: 2008: 15% of electricity supplyGrowing share of power: 2008: 15% of electricity supplyAt current growth rates renewables will provide 40% of At current growth rates renewables will provide 40% of electricity by 2020, or 100% by 2050electricity by 2020, or 100% by 2050

Sustainable City PrinciplesSustainable City Principles

Small ecological footprintSmall ecological footprintCompact urban developmentCompact urban developmentRenewable energy supplyRenewable energy supplyZero emission transport Zero emission transport Waste water recyclingWaste water recycling‘‘Circular metabolismCircular metabolism’’Biodiversity in landscape designBiodiversity in landscape designA city embedded in farmlandA city embedded in farmland

Herbert GirardetHerbert Girardet

-- Cities, People, Planet Cities, People, Planet –– Urban Development and Urban Development and Climate Change,Climate Change, Wiley, London, 2004 and 2008Wiley, London, 2004 and 2008

-- Surviving the Century Surviving the Century –– Facing Climate Chaos And Facing Climate Chaos And Other Global Challenges,Other Global Challenges, Earthscan, London, 2007Earthscan, London, 2007

-- A Renewable World A Renewable World –– Energy, Ecology, Equality,Energy, Ecology, Equality, Green Books, UK, September 2009Green Books, UK, September 2009

www.worldfuturecouncil.orgwww.worldfuturecouncil.org