€¦ · PIPING DESIGN LAYOUT TRAINING LESSON 2 PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT Page 3 of 15 2.2 PLOT PLAN DEVELOPMENT The Plot Plan is a plan view drawing showing all the equipment,

PIPING DESIGN LAYOUT TRAININGLESSON 2

PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENTPage 1 of 15

2. PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT

2.1 PREFACE

This lesson will cover the procedures required for plot, unit and pipeway development. Use Fluorstandards as a guide, but remember the guidelines may be different from jobs you may have worked onin the past, and clients usually have their own engineering standards.

2.1.1 Lesson Objectives

Lessons provide self-directed piping layout training to designers who have basic piping design skills.Training material can be applied to manual or electronic applications. Lesson objectives are:

• To develop an understanding of what a plot plan needs to provide.

• To become familiar with the information required to begin a plot plan.

• To know various methods used to develop a plot plan.

• To know various techniques for pipeway development.

• To develop downstream documents required to expedite the job.

• To improve job results through understanding how these documents affect the overall job.

• To familiarize you with Fluor standards on plot arrangement.

2.1.2 Lesson Study Plan

Take the time to familiarize yourself with the lesson sections. The material presented in this lesson isonly a guide and supplement to the Technical Practices documents listed below. The TechnicalPractices present a much more detailed treatment of each subject and are the Fluor standards.

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Use the following Fluor Technical Practices documents in conjunction with this lesson::

000.250.2005, 000.250.2010, 000.250.2015, 000.250.2020, 000.250.2021, 000.250.2030,000.250.2040, 000.250.2041, 000.250.2100, 000.250.2105, 000.250.2110, 000.250.2520

References: previous lesson plans; e.g. Pipe Stress section, Lesson #1

It should take you approximately 40 hours to read this lesson plan and be prepared to take the self-test.

If you have layout questions concerning this lesson, contact your immediate supervisor. If you havegeneral questions about the lesson contact the Piping Staff Group.

2.1.3 Study Aids

Videos on Piping Design, including Piping Layout Practices are available to supplement your layouttraining. View these videos prior to starting the layout training. You may check-out a copy of thevideos from the Knowledge Centre (Library).

2.1.4 Proficiency Testing

You will be able to take a self-test to determine your comprehension of this lesson. The test andanswers are at the end of this lesson.

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2.2 PLOT PLAN DEVELOPMENT

The Plot Plan is a plan view drawing showing all the equipment, roads, and structures in a unit, area orentire facility. The plot arrangement must provide for process requirements, operations, maintenance,safety, and construction accessibility and feasibility. It must be consistent with state/province, localcodes and the budget.

You will want to provide for major pipe routing, especially pump suction lines; maintenance andoperating areas, such as exchanger tube pull areas and vessel drop zone areas; and required spacingbetween tanks, around flare stacks, etc. See Technical Practice 000.250.2040, Typical PlotArrangement, for an example. To ensure that all these factors are included in the design, plot plandevelopment is accomplished in several steps.

2.2.1 Development Sequence

Read and study the Fluor Technical Practice 000.250.2010 for a detailed description of sequentialsteps of developing a Plot Plan. It is an integral part of this lesson.

2.2.2 Collect the Pieces

There are many pieces to this puzzle. See Figure #2-1. You will want to have as many pieces aspossible when starting the initial plot plan study. Specific needs will be determined by contract/clientrequirements. On many jobs you may be required to add a new unit in an existing plant with verylimited plot space.

Primary piping information for the initial plot study comes from the Process Flow Diagrams, or theProcess and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) if they are available, or interviews with ProcessEngineering if they are not. Other pieces of the puzzle come from other disciplines or projectmanagement.

FIGURE #2-1 -- Pieces of the Puzzle

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Figure #2-2 shows a logic diagram of how plot plan development typically works.

Figure #2-2 -- Plot Plan Development Process

2.2.3 Initial Plot Order Study

The initial plot order study is usually a hand drawnsketch, as in Figure #2-3 at right, showing unitequipment and main process lines. It establishes a basicequipment order and plot shape. The goal is to keep alllarge, alloy, exotic and heavy wall lines as short aspossible.

Plot arrangements can be defined or refined using papercutouts of equipment (paper dolls), or small scalemodels. Either allows you to give several presentationsand quickly adjust equipment. The decision on whichmethod to use is normally made by the project leader orproject piping engineer.

Review the initial plot study with Process Engineeringand add any information that can be obtained.

Figure #2-3 --Initial Plot Study Sketch

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2.2.4 Scale Drawing

After the initial plot plan study is approved, generate a to-scale Plot Plan, generally at a scale of 1"=10'-0" or 1"=20'-0. It will include all equipment, indication of pipeways, buildings, major structures, housedelectrical gear, roads and accessways and tube pulling areas. See figure #2-4 for an example of part ofa finished Plot Plan.

FIGURE #2-4 -- A Partial Plot Plan

The initial version of the Plot Plan will be used by piping to develop "Piping Transpositions", which arethemselves plot plan development tools. After the transposition studies are done, the final Plot Plan willprobably look much different from the initial Plot Plan.The finished Plot Plan will eventually be used for many things by nearly all the disciplines on theproject. The Piping Drawing Index, the Partitions (CAD) Index, and the Model Board Index, as well asthe Location Control Plan can be developed from the plot plan, as shown in figure #2-5.

FIGURE #2-5 -- A Partial Piping Drawing or Model Board Index

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2.3 PIPING TRANSPOSITION

Piping transposition drawings transpose the main process lines from process schematic drawings ontoscaled plot plan drawings. They are used to ensure that the plot plan is arranged for optimum plantdesign and as design development tools for other phases of plant design.The main objective of the piping transposition is to prove that the plot plan is arranged for optimumplant design. Specifically, it is used to establish the following:

• Pipeway size• Preliminary pipeway support configurations and sizes• Line routing and header sizing• Material take-off• Vessel orientation• Piping flexibility• Location of sub-pipeways• Equipment locations• Economics of unit and overall plot space• Where to design piping on the model

Note:This lesson provides only a general guide for developing unit flow sheet transpositions. On a contract,you will not be required to adhere strictly to this guide. In the early stages of a contract only verypreliminary information is available and job situations may dictate deviations which are left to thejudgement of the designer and supervisor.

2.3.1 Items To Show

Piping• Piping - utility and process (exclude utility stations and vessel instruments, etc.)• Flow arrows• Line identification for all lines and commodities for utility lines in main pipeway• Line size for each line (at this time you may not have line numbers)• Reducers in pipeway• Line drops and rises

Instrumentation• Preliminary location of meter runs - show type and number• Preliminary location of control valve manifolds - show type and number• Preliminary location of relief valves - show numberwww.IranPiping.ir




2.3.2 Items Not To Show

Do not show locating dimensionsDo not dimensionally locate equipmentDo not show line spacingDo not show coordinate centerlines of roads and railroads

2.3.3 Large Pipeways

The transposition is usually prepared on a copy of the Plot Plan. At such a small scale pipeway widthmay make it necessary to cut the plot plan in the pipeway area and add a section of paper toaccommodate the lines. If a multilevel pipeway seems required, use a separate drawing for upper(utilities) and lower (process lines) levels.

2.3.4 Step I Transposition

The Step I Transposition should prove plot plan economics and set preliminary pipe supportconfigurations and sizes by transposing all process and utility lines onto a transparency of the initial plotplan.

First divide the pipeway into evenly spaced berths. Then indicate large and hot lines near the pipesupport columns to allow room for expansion loops and to avoid excessive loads on the structure.Never place heavy lines in the center of pipe support spans as in Figure #2-6. Finally, route theremaining lines on the transposition drawing without regard for pipeway sequence. Color off a copy ofthe flow diagram as you go to ensure all lines are included.

Figure #2-6 Incorrect Placement of Heavy Lines

See Technical Practice 000.250.2010, for details of a Step I Transposition.

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2.3.5 Step II Transposition

When more detailed information is available, a "Step II Transposition" can be developed. See Figure#2-2. The Step II Transposition should finalize the basic pipeway location, routing and spacing ofsupports, including expansion loop bays and anchor supports. It will be used for preliminary materialtake-off, vessel orientations, locating sub-pipeways, verifying header sizes, pressure drop conditions,and piping flexibility studies. See Technical Practice 000.250.2010 for details of a Step IITransposition.

2.4 PIPEWAY STUDIES

After the Step II Transposition is approved, the pipeway layout can be developed. See Figure #2-2 andTechnical Practice 000.250.2020.

Pipeway layout must be done early to permit interfacing with other pipeways. Unit designers will needthe pipeway layout when placing piping from equipment into or along the pipeway, or for placing linesentering the pipeway from underground. On a manual job, The Pipeway Control Drawing can bedeveloped from the Step II Transposition.

Information required for pipeway development includes:

• Step II Transpositions.• Pipe support spacing.• Type of pipe support structures to be used (See Figure #2-7).

Figure #2-7 Types of Pipeway Supportswww.IranPiping.ir




• Cross section studies of the pipeway showing space allocations for instrument racks, electricalracks, deck elevations, drop areas, and client requirements for future space. (See Figure #2-8).

2.4.1 Layout Considerations

Figure #2-8 Pipeway Cross Section

Determine the number of lines in the rack.

Determine the following for each line in the rack:

• Size• Line number• Commodity• Pressure and temperature• Origin and terminus• Material requirements

Investigate the following:

• Location and size of cooling water lines (in piperack or underground).• Predominant line size to be in the rack? (Are most lines 4" and smaller or 4" and larger?)• What is the largest line running the length of the rack?• Will the largest physical parameter be an insulated line or an uninsulated line?• Flare and vapor recovery header requirements.• Air cooler requirements.• Whether lines will leave header at a 45° angle or with short radius elbows.• Will there be sloping lines?• Will there be orifice flanges in the pipeway?• Will there be unit block valves in the pipeway?

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• Will there be lines requiring hold-downs or special anchors?• Whether a drop area is required for lines to and from pipeway.• Insulation requirements - is this a hot or cold insulated job?• Winterization requirements - is tracing and oversized insulation required?• Are there special valves in the pipeway requiring more than normal spacing?• What are the structural requirements such as steel sizes, cross bracing, etc.?• What are the expansion loop requirements? What are the steam drip leg requirements?• Can the pipeway design be modified in specific areas to accommodate large lines so that the

overall pipeway requirements can be optimized? For example can expansion loops be nested,or can large lines be grouped to exit or leave the pipeway together?

• Can the largest lines be located to avoid other large line crossovers?• What are the electrical or instrumentation tray requirements?• What are the branch valving requirements? Will the valves be located in a vertical or horizontal

position, in or outside of the rack?

2.4.2 Berthing Do and Never Do

DO• Locate process lines on the same side of rack as origin and terminus if possible.• Locate hot lines to one side of rack, then next hottest and so on to allow for expansion loops.• Locate small lines (1-1/2" and smaller) between cool, large, uninsulated lines for pickup.• Locate anchors, guides and loops.• Allow space for thermal growth. See Figure #2-9• Show all branch lines known at the time and in their approximate location and sequence.• Show all piping single line.• Use 000.250.2041 for allowable spans.• Show line number, specification, size, insulation data, and commodity of utility lines.• Allow space for maintenance of electrical and instrument racks.

Figure #2-9 Thermal Growth

Never Do• Locate a hot, uninsulated line next to an electrical or instrument rack (min. of 1'-0" clear).• Locate a hot, uninsulated line next to a drinking water line or safety shower water line.• Locate a hot, uninsulated line next to an acid line. (Corrosive effect of temperature change.)

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• Locate an acid line next to or above the instrument air header or the instrument and electricalracks.

• Flat turn any lines crossing or in a pipeway. (Possible exceptions might be flare headers orvapor recovery headers located above other piping or located on outside cantilevers.)

2.4.3 Setting Elevations

Make an effort to establish the pipeway as low as feasible to reduce structure size and cost.

The first step in setting pipeway elevations is to review any and all contract specifications for clientrequirements. The SP-50-1 should incorporate these requirements.

Set the lowest level based on clearances required for access by maintenance vehicles specified by theclient and as defined in the contract specifications.

Set the upper level elevations based on the lowest level elevation plus the space requirements of thelargest pipe in that level and any branches from it. Take into account economics, transitionphilosophies for lines entering or leaving the pipeway and equipment locations and elevations.

Typically the difference in elevation between pipeway levels is 5 feet to 6 feet, with transition elevationssplitting the difference to 2'-6" or 3'-0".

2.4.4 Line Spacing

Line spacing is a critical part of developing a pipeway. The pipeway width and number of levels isbased on the physical space requirements of the pipes in the pipeway.

Pipeline spacing should be economized to reduce overall cost of the pipeway structure and wastefuluse of plant space. Future space should be given careful consideration, and minimized as much aspossible. Pipeline spacing will require continuous maintenance as information from stress and otherdisciplines becomes available.

• Preliminary line spacing should be based on Technical Practice 000.250.9815, DimensionalChart Line Spacing -- Pipe.

• Avoid placement of orifice flange sets in a pipeway whenever possible, as the "taps" requireadditional space.w

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• Battery limit spectacle blinds, valve layout and operation also affect line spacing. Place valvehandwheels and handles to avoid interferences with handrails and each other.

• Allow space for spectacle blind installation, dismantlement and paddle projections.• Heat traced lines may require additional space for insulation thicknesses. Valves and flanges

may be insulated requiring even more space. Ensure adequate spacing for all flange to pipeand flange to insulation combinations.

• Cold insulation often requires special details at support guide and anchor points. These mayrequire additional spacing considerations.

• Hold downs and special supports require additional space and should be examined individually.• Thermal expansion and anchor locations often increase line spacing requirements especially at

pipeway intersections, branches or changes of direction. Each spacing should be examined forall hot and cold combinations. I.e. when one line is hot and the other cold or in a shut-downcondition. See Figure #2-9.

• Piping span limitations in corners may require additional steel in the pipeway. Line movementsshould be examined for clearance of these supports and other obstructions.

• Contract requirements for pipe to pipe or pipe to obstruction clearances must be maintained

2.4.5 Items Commonly Overlooked

• Clearance of lines entering opposite sides of the pipeway• Clearance for expansion when locating boot legs on steam headers• Clearance from pipe support columns for insulated lines or fireproofing on column• Line space not increased for expanding lines. See Figure #2-9.• Sufficient space for orifice flange piping and the instrument tubing• Support and spacing for movement of expansion loops• Allowable spans of small lines crossing and dropping out of the rack• Analysis of line movements from origin to terminus or anchor to anchor• Line spacing where a hot line is adjacent to an intermittent operating line; i.e., lines to storage,

lines that have a higher temperature during regeneration. See Figure #2-9.• All lines from an upper source should drop into the rack• Correct support of steam lines to and from turbines• Anchors and guides to control movement on lines not submitted to stress• Hot lines located next to electrical or instrument racks• Solar expansion of cold lines. (Long runs, especially off-site pipeways.)• Analysis of line movements where unit pipeways tie into the main interconnecting pipeway• Hanger rod and field support load and length limitations• Correct selection and application of hanger rods, shoes, pick-ups, anchors, etc.• Branch locations for miscellaneous pump piping for cooling water, flushing, etc.• Location of platforms, ladders, air cooler legs, etc.• Detail of special supports

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2.4.6 The Pipeway Control Drawing

The Pipeway Control Drawing provides a piping interface tool for projects where multiple units andpipeways tie in to one or more major pipeways. It is used as a material take-off tool, a piping stressanalysis tool, a structural analysis tool, and a basis for rack loading information for construction.

It is drawn to the same scale as the unit arrangement drawings. The master is usually kept on a rollerboard for quick access and revision marking by unit designers and other disciplines. Its preparationand use are detailed in Technical Practice 000.250.2020.

The Pipeway Control Drawing will be used to create the pipeway Piping Plans and the Rack LoadingDrawing.

2.4.7 Rack Loading Drawings

When a line crosses two or more supports, it can be "rack loaded" between two field welds. This allowsthe field to load the piperack in bulk amounts rather than waiting for each piping isometric to arrive.The Rack Loading Drawing is based on the Pipeway Control Drawing and shows which lines cross twoor more supports. When a Rack Loading Drawing is issued, an isometric for that piping is not required.

The Rack Loading Drawing is used by the field and by the material take-off group. It is assigned asketch number before being issued. See Technical Practice 000.250.2020, Attachment 1, Sheet 1 of 1,for an example.

2.4.8 Conventions

1. Rack loaded, piping is located between field welds and indicated by double line, broken off.

2. Lines leaving the pipeway will be rack loaded to 2'-0" past the last support they cross. Theremaining portion will appear on an isometric.

3. Branch tie-in points to the rack-loaded portion shall appear on the branch isometric.

4. Tees and stub-in connections with reinforcing pads required should appear on the branch isometricand be cut into the header.

5. All pressure and non-pressure attachments must be indicated and identified on the rack loadeddrawing (i.e., shoes, guides, anchors, vents, and drains).

6. A chart can be used to indicate shoes, guides and anchor locations, or these things can beannotated on the drawing.

7. Allow ample space between branch connections to the pipeway header and header in line items forbranch location adjustment.

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2.4.9 Pipeway Interface Control Chart

On large projects, having an interconnecting pipeway and multiple unit pipeways, the Pipeway InterfaceControl Chart is used to clearly define the interfaces between all the different pipeways.

It is also often used to interface with other engineering firms or other Fluor engineering offices. Itsapplication and use is defined in Technical Practice 000.250.2021.

The piping department uses this document to:

• Transmit design information, and coordinate the interconnecting pipeway interfaces.

• Provide a uniform method and procedure for conveying design changes promptly.

• Ensure quality control and accuracy for the interface match points at battery limits.

General Procedure

Locate All match points with coordinates and centerline or face elevation.Add special requirements such as slope (provide rate), or "Do Not Pocket" notes in theremarks column.Enter all known information and issue copies of the chart to the unit design supervisors.Make a copy for unit records, and return the work copy to the pipeway group.Add new information and changes to the work copy. As new information is developed, it isadded to the original and distributed to the unit supervisors.Check and modify the information as required.Update and distribute the Pipeway Chart frequently and promptly, thus allowing all designgroups to develop their pipeways to the latest data.

Prior to starting checking procedures of either the pipeway control drawings or isometrics, either thepipeway design group or the unit design group will inform the other, and after checking has begun,design changes shall be minimized to avoid rework.

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2.5 LOCATION CONTROL PLAN (LCP)

The Piping Department is responsible for locating equipment. After the Plot Plan has been developed,the Location Control Plan is developed to pin down equipment locations with coordinates, and to relaythis information to other designers and disciplines. It is usually developed on a copy of the Plot Plan.Its use and development is defined in Technical Practice 000.250.2015.

• Roll size drawings are recommended.• Appropriate scale will be tailored to meet specific contract requirements.

1/8"=1'-0" is recommended.1/4"=1'-0" may be used for clarity of congested areas.Out of scale items should be avoided.

• All roadways, paving extents and buildings will be located.• A north and east coordinate and an elevation will locate all equipment and structures. (See

Technical Practice 000.250.2015 pages 3 and 4 for Method of Coordinating Plot Items andpage 7 for Methods of Indicating Elevations.)

• Other miscellaneous items to be shown include, but are not limited to:• Space for control valve manifolds• Switchgears• Substations and misc. electrical equipment• Manholes• Sumps and pits• Existing above and below ground interferences• Auxiliary equipment• Items normally shown around pipe supports: utility stations, instrument clusters, etc.• Key plan with north arrow, if more than 1 location control plan is used for an area• Space allocation legend and typical detail. Legend will include, but not be limited to, items

shown on sample drawing.• High point of finished surface

• The following items will be noted on the LCP:Last structural pipe support or sleeper number usedLast utility station number usedLast safety shower number used(These numbers will change as the job develops and more items are added.)

• Revisions should be neatly marked on the master with your initials and date.

Coordinates that have been transferred to the Structural Department Foundation Location

Control Plan drawings will be encircled on the equipment Location Control Plan drawing with a cloudand cross-hatched. This indicates that the Structural Department Foundation Location Control Plandrawing is now the controlling document. When all pieces of equipment and coordinates have beenclouded and crosshatched, the LCP is voided.

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Practice 000 250 2005Date 11Feb00

Page 1 of 2

PLANT ARRANGEMENT: PLOT PLAN DEVELOPMENT - INSTRUCTIONS

/0002502005.doc Piping Engineering

PURPOSEThis practice establishes guidelines for the sequence of functions and responsibilitiesin developing plot plans and is intended to ensure orderly development of plot planswith participation by responsible disciplines.

SCOPEThis practice includes the following major sections:• RESPONSIBILITY• PREREQUISITE• TERMINOLOGY• OVERVIEW• REFERENCES• ATTACHMENTS

APPLICATIONThe practice is to be used by all projects requiring plot plans.

RESPONSIBILITYResponsible disciplines include, but are not limited to, the following:• Architectural• Building Mechanical

- HVAC- Plumbing- Fire Protection

• Civil• Construction• Control Systems• Electrical• Environmental• Equipment• Manufacturing Engineering• Piping• Process• Structural• Vessels

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT: PLOT PLAN DEVELOPMENT - INSTRUCTIONS


PREREQUISITEIdeally, prior to the application of this interface procedure, the task force has beenassembled, overall project design criteria has been established, and some basicinformation and documents are available.

TERMINOLOGYTransposition: A simplified piping routing plan drawing used to prove plot planarrangement.

AFC: Approved for Construction.

OVERVIEWThe plot plan is the starting point planning tool for the physical definition of aproject or part of a project. It will graphically show the key areas, units, equipment,and general features of the project. As such, it requires the input of all relevantengineering disciplines, construction, and the client.

The activities outlined in Attachment 01 will be regarded as guidelines and not asrigid instructions. They may be tailored to fit specific project and clientrequirements.

REFERENCESPiping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2010: Plant Arrangement - Flow Diagram Transposition

Instructions

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2030: Plant Arrangement - General Recommendations For

Spacing

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2040: Plant Arrangement - Typical Unit Plot Arrangement

Piping EngineeringSpecification 000.250.50001: Process And Utility Piping Design, Layout, And

Drawing

ATTACHMENTSAttachment 01: (11Feb00)Plot Plan Execution Procedure

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Attachment 01 Page 1 of 2

PLOT PLAN EXECUTION PROCEDURE

/0002502005a01.doc Piping Engineering

Sequence Activity ResponsibleDiscipline

Activity Description

01 Review sitedate, client data,job criteria, andmaintenancerequirements

All Examine all pertinent informationincluding:

• Property maps or site plans• Topographical maps• Preliminary soil reports• Vicinity maps• Locations of process feed stream

such as utilities, product lines,power supply, and waste streams

• Existing obstructions (above andbelow ground) and buildings

• Client maintenance procedures• Basis for roadways• Construction requirements

02 Process flowdiagram andequipmentdatasheets

Process /ManufacturingEngineering

Prepare and issue block flow diagrams,process flow diagrams, and initialequipment list. Issue initial processequipment datasheets.

03 Equipment sizes Equipment,Vessels, Process/ ManufacturingEngineering

On basis of above documents, establishapproximate equipment sizes forexchangers, pumps, compressors,heaters, vessels, and tanks. Data isgiven to Piping.

04 Building sizes As required bybuildingfunction

Generate approximate buildingdimensions for all buildings andelectrical structures. Dimensions aregiven to Piping.

05 Site preparation Civil Develop preliminary overall site plansand grading / drainage requirements.Layouts are given to Piping.

06 Produce plotplans

Piping On basis of data from preceding steps,produce initial plot plan. Consult withother disciplines as needed.

06A Transpositions Piping Develop transposition of critical pipingto minimize cost and material flow.

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PLOT PLAN EXECUTION PROCEDURE


Sequence Activity ResponsibleDiscipline

Activity Description

07 Issue Rev. A Piping Issue for internal Fluor Daniel reviewand comment to:

• Architectural• Building Mechanical

HVACPlumbingFire Protection

• Civil• Construction• Control Systems• Electrical• Environmental• Equipment• Manufacturing Engineering• Piping• Process• Structural• Vessels

08 Issue Rev. B Piping Revise plot plan to incorporatecomments received in Sequence #07.Hold formal Fluor Daniel review withdisciplines listed in Sequence 07.

09 Issue Rev. 0 Piping Incorporate changes for Sequence #08,distribute to all participants and issue forclient approval.

10 Issue Rev. 1 Piping Receive client comments, review withaffected disciplines, revise as necessary,and issue AFC.

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Practice 000 250 2010Date 23Sep02

Page 1 of 3

PLANT ARRANGEMENT - FLOW DIAGRAM TRANSPOSITION INSTRUCTIONS


PURPOSEThis practice provides instructions that serve as a guide for developing FlowDiagram Transpositions. Because each project has its own specific requirements,sound judgment must be exercised.

SCOPEThis practice includes the following major sections:• RESPONSIBILITY• INITIAL PLOT ORDER STUDY• STEP I AND II TRANSPOSITION PREPARATION• STEP I TRANSPOSITION• STEP II TRANSPOSITION• ITEMS TO BE INDICATED ON STEP I AND II TRANSPOSITIONS• HEAT TRACING TRANSPOSITION• REVISIONS• ATTACHMENTS

APPLICATIONFlow Diagram Transpositions should be prepared on all projects. The main objectiveof the piping transposition is to confirm that the plot plan is arranged for optimumplant design and economics. Give considerable attention to the line routing andcomponent arrangements.

RESPONSIBILITYBecause the transposition establishes the optimum plant arrangement, the Area/UnitPiping Design Supervisor should be responsible for their assigned area/unit.

INITIAL PLOT ORDERSTUDY

The purpose of the initial plot order study is to establish basic equipment order andplot shape by transposing the main process lines from the available process or P&IDs(Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams) to establish logical equipment order.Schedule a review of the initial plot with Process Engineer. Add any informationthat can be obtained from Process Engineering.

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STEP I AND IITRANSPOSITIONPREPARATION

The transposition is usually prepared on a transparency of the plot plan. Pipewaywidth will make it necessary to cut the plot plan in the pipeway area and add asection of paper to accommodate the lines. If a multilevel pipeway seems required,use a separate transparency for upper (utilities) and lower (process lines) levels.

STEP ITRANSPOSITION

Step I transposition should prove plot plan economics and set preliminary pipesupport configurations and sizes by transposing all process and utility lines on atransparency of the initial plot plan. Divide the pipeway into evenly spaced berthsand indicate large and hot lines near the pipe support column centerlines. Route theremaining lines without regard for pipeway sequence. Color off a copy of the flowdiagram to ensure all lines are accounted for.

Check for the following:• Verify instrument and electrical rack duct requirements, aboveground versus

underground, and size.• Color code 14 inch and larger alloy, exotic, and heavy wall lines on a print of

Step I.• Study the transposition for optimum plant design and economics.• Review the transposition with Process Engineer and construction to obtain their

squad check approval of plot arrangement.• Update plot plan as required.

STEP IITRANSPOSITION

Step II transposition should finalize basic pipeway, including expansion loop baysand anchor supports; use for preliminary MTO (Material Takeoff) and vesselorientations. Locate subpipeways. Verify header sizes, pressure drop conditions,and piping flexibility studies; and provide an initial piping study to be furtherdeveloped.

Check for the following:• Study Step I in order to sequence pipeway lines. Generally group hot lines to

one side to aid in expansion loop configurations.• Route the lines with the goal that only minor additional studies would be

required to develop the model, pipeway control drawings, and piping plans.Color off a copy of the mechanical flow diagrams.

• Obtain Lead Supervisor's approval.• Readjust transposition as required.

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Page 3 of 3



ITEMS TO BEINDICATED ONSTEP I AND IITRANSPOSITIONS

• All process lines (Exclude items such as bridles and vent valves.)• Utility lines in any pipeway or connecting to a major piece of equipment

(Exclude items such as utility stations, steam traps, and sample coolers.)• Flow arrows• Line identification• Utility commodities• Line size (Indicate reducers in a pipeway.)• Line risers and drops• Control valve stations and the control valve function (such as PVC, LV, and FV)• Orifice flanges• Relief valves other than atmospheric or bypass systems• Unit battery limit block valves and related platforms• Detached plans for multilevel structures• Distribution chart

HEAT TRACINGTRANSPOSITION

For heat tracing transposition instructions and practices, refer to Practice670.250.1601: Heat Tracing Practices.

REVISIONSAfter the client has approved the plot plan, only major process or plot changes or anupdate of preliminary MTO would require a revision of the transposition.

ATTACHMENTSAttachment 01: (Unavailable)Initial Plot Order Study - Step I and Step II Transpositions

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Practice 000 250 2015Date 11feb00

Page 1 of 7

PLANT ARRANGEMENT - LOCATION CONTROL PLAN INSTRUCTIONS


PURPOSE

This practice establishes guidelines for the format and development of the front enddocument locating all equipment and space allocation requirements.

SCOPEThis practice includes the following major sections:

• RESPONSIBILITY

• GENERAL DRAWING INSTRUCTIONS

• METHOD OF COORDINATING PLOT ITEMS

• METHOD OF INDICATING ELEVATIONS

• REFERENCES

• ATTACHMENTS

APPLICATION

This practice and the LCP (Location Control Plan) is intended for use on all projects.Exception to the use of an LCP will have the approval of the Manager of PipingEngineering and the respective Project Engineering Manager.

RESPONSIBILITY

The Lead Piping Design Supervisor (or designated area Lead Supervisor) isresponsible for the initiation and maintenance of the LCP.

GENERALDRAWINGINSTRUCTIONS

Drawing SizeAnd Scale

SizeRoll size drawings are recommended.

Scale

Appropriate scale will be tailored to specific job requirements. The following arerecommended:

• One eighth of an inch = 1'- 0" drawing scale is recommended.

• One fourth of an inch = 1'- 0" drawing scale may be used if required for clarity(for example, congested areas).

• Items drawn out-of-scale for size and location should be avoided.

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• Potentially out-of-scale items will be evaluated for impact on other disciplines.

Match Lines AndPlot Limits

Match lines and plot limits will be shown for drawing continuation and will indicateadjacent drawing numbers and coordinates.

North ArrowOrientation of north arrow will be consistent with overall project requirements.

Title BlockTitle block will be in accordance with project requirements.

The following items will be noted on drawings:

• Last Structural pipe support or sleeper number used.

• Last utility station number used.

• Last safety shower number used.

• Key plan with north arrow is required, if more than 1 location control plan isused for an area.

• Space allocation legend and typical detail will appear on each plan. Legend willinclude, but not be limited to, items shown on sample drawing.

• Coordinates that have been transferred to foundation location plan drawings willbe encircled on the LCP drawing with a cloud and cross-hatched, to indicate thatStructural's foundation location plan drawing is now the controlling document.

Revisions

Coordinates OrDimensions

Neatly cross out portion to be revised on the drawing, add new number and revisiontriangle, and encircle with a cloud. Initial and date piping master. Only latestrevision will remain on original.

Relocation Of Equipment

Draw in new location, remove from previous location, add revision triangle, andencircle change with a cloud. Initial and date piping master.

Addition Of Equipment

Add equipment, revise elevation table, add revision triangle, and encircle revisedarea with a cloud. Initial and date piping master.

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Deletion OfEquipment

Remove equipment from face of drawing and elevation table. Add revision triangleand encircle revised area with cloud. Initial and date piping master.

Distribution

Design Engineering distribution chart will be added to drawing and will include, butnot be limited to, distribution list shown on sample drawing. The distribution chartis to be filled in with the dates sent to the appropriate department.

METHOD OFCOORDINATING PLOTITEMS

Vertical CylindricalEquipment

Coordinate centerlines at grade or primary support level only.

Horizontal CylindricalEquipment

Horizontal cylindrical equipment is located at grade and in structures. Coordinatelongitudinal centerline and a reference line, usually aisle side head. After outlineshave been received, coordinate centerline of support used for anchor and removereference line coordinate. Indicate anchor (X).

Exchangers

Shell and TubeExchangers

Coordinate longitudinal centerline and a reference line, usually aisle side head. Ifunderground cooling water lines are implemented, coordinate longitudinal centerlineand a reference centerline of channel nozzles. After outlines have been received,coordinate centerline of support used for anchor and remove reference linecoordinate. Indicate anchors (X).

Double PipeExchangers

Coordinate longitudinal centerline and centerline of foundation closest to pipingconnections. Dimension shell nozzles from foundation coordinate.

Air Coolers

Coordinate centerline of air cooler columns at corner which must be held due toclearances or other reasons.

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Pumps

Horizontal Pumps

Coordinate longitudinal centerline and a reference face of foundation. After receiptof outline, coordinate centerline of discharge nozzle and remove reference coordinateon face of foundation. Refer to Attachments 01 and 02.

Vertical PumpsCoordinate centerlines. Refer to Attachment 01.

Compressors• Reciprocating - Coordinate centerline of crankshaft and number 1 cylinder.

• Centrifugal - Coordinate centerline of shaft and discharge nozzle.

• Auxiliary equipment - Dimension from compressor coordinate lines.

Boilers, Heaters,And Furnaces

Coordinate longitudinal centerline and a reference line which is part of theequipment (stack, steam drum, main stay).

Structures

A structure is defined as an open structure designed as a support or access systemsuch as process column towers, pipe racks, and bridges.

Dimension to centerline of columns from equipment coordinates.

At a structure that supports single horizontal or vertical equipment, dimension tocenterline of columns from equipment coordinates.

Draw section to establish structure elevations.

Pipeways (Overhead AndGrade)

Overhead Bents

Coordinate centerlines of columns (both sides) and longitudinal centerline of eachbent. Dimension cantilever from centerline coordinate.

Indicate pipeway bracing as braced bay.

Overhead "T" Supports

Coordinate centerline of column and longitudinal centerline. Dimension width fromcenterline of column coordinate.

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Pipe Supports atGrade (Sleepers)

Coordinate edge that must be held and longitudinal centerline. Dimension overalllength.

Buildings

A building is defined as an enclosed structure designed for occupancy by people,equipment, or both such as process building and control house laboratory.

• Buildings with equipment (for example, compressors, pumps, boilers)

• Coordinate main equipment and locate building by dimensions from equipmentcenterline to centerline of columns or outside face of masonry depending ontype of building construction. Dimensions will be given to that part of buildingwhich must be held due to clearances or other reasons.

• Buildings without mechanical equipment (for example, control house,laboratory, administration, and change houses)

• Coordinate the corner that must be held due to clearances or other reasons.Coordinate will be outside face of concrete or centerline of steel depending upontype of building.

PavingShow and coordinate edge of paving.

RoadwaysCoordinate centerline and dimension to edge of road and shoulder.

Miscellaneous EquipmentAnd Plot Items

Miscellaneous items which require plot space will be shown on the LCP. The spacerequired will be shown to scale.

Some of the items that could be shown are listed below:

• Switchgear

Coordinate face and 1 side and give overall dimension.

Upon receipt of electrical drawings, add coordinate for centerline of columns andremove reference coordinate for face of rack.

• Substations and miscellaneous electrical equipment

• Coordinate fence line or edge of concrete slab on corner that must be held due toclearances or other reasons.

• MH (Manholes)

• Indicate, but do not coordinate, callout MH.

• Sumps and pits

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• Coordinate inside control corner and define size by dimension or note.

• Existing interferences above and below ground including deadmen

Coordinate and dimension for clearance.

• Auxiliary equipment

Dimension from main equipment coordinate lines.

• Items normally located around pipe supports and major equipment will beshown and called out.

Items to be shown will include, but not be limited to, the following and thoseindicated in legend of sample drawing:

• Utility stations

• Junction boxes

• Emergency shower

• Eyewash

• Electrical and instrument racks

• Hose reel

• Fire hose cabinet

• Fire monitors and hydrants

• Piping manifolds (control valve manifolds, steam tracing supply manifolds, andsteam tracing condensate return manifolds)

• Security equipment (for example, floodlight pole and TV monitors)

• Welding receptacle

METHOD OFINDICATINGELEVATIONS

Elevations will be given in elevation table, as indicated below:

Equipment Method

Compressors Centerline of crankshaft elevationPumps TOG (Top of Grout) elevationHeaters and boilers TOG elevationShell and tube exchangers Centerline elevationDouble pipe - fins Face Elevation of bottom flangesAir coolers Base plate elevationVertical vessels TOG elevationHorizontal vessels Centerline elevationTanks (concrete foundation) TOG elevationMechanical items TOG elevationBuilding floors HPFS (High Point of Finished Surface)Pipe supports TOS (Top of Support) elevation

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For elevations on structures, the top of steel or concrete elevation on operating levelsis to be indicated on the section.

For slab elevations, consideration must be given to minimum slab thickness at (lowpoints) (drain funnel locations).

For pipeway strut elevation, the top of steel elevation will be indicated on the plan.

HPFS elevations will appear on plan.

Note!!! 1. The method of indicating elevation for equipmentshould be evaluated for each contract. Example: Aircoolers at grade will be indicated as TOG.

2. Early establishment of TOG for some equipmentsuch as pumps and vertical vessels will allowStructural an early start for foundation design.

REFERENCES

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.0755: Design Documents - Descriptions/Requisites

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 01: (11Feb00)Figure 1. Vertical Pumps - Detail AFigure 2. Vertical Pumps - Detail B

Attachment 02: (11Feb00)Equipment And Miscellaneous Plot Items Matrix

Attachment 03: (11Feb00)Sample Location Control Plan

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EQUIPMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS PLOT ITEMS MATRIX


a. = Indicate by symbolb. = Show min. Outline toscale

c. = Locate bycoordinate or elevation

d. = Locate byDimension Remarks

Vertical Cylindrical Equipment X XHorizontal Cylindrical Equipment X XExchangers X XPumps X XCompressors X XAuxiliary Equipment X XHeaters X XStructures X XPipeways X X X Indicate P/W Bracing as "Braced

Bay" Coord. Centerlines andDim. L. and W.

Buildings X X X Coordinate Building WithoutMechanical Equipment

Paving X XRoadways X X X Dimension from Centerline to

Edge of Road and ShoulderSwitchgear X X X Coordinate Face and One Side,

and Indicate Overall DimensionSubstations and MiscellaneousElectrical Equipment

X X

Manholes X Callout "MH"Sumps and Pits X X Coordinate Inside Control

Corner - Define Size byDimension on Note

Utility Stations, Junction Boxes,and Eyewash

X

Instrument and Electrical Rack XExisting Interference X Dimension for Clearancesw

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT - PIPEWAY CONTROL DRAWING AND PROCEDURES


PURPOSE

This practice establishes guidelines for the contents and preparation of the PipewayControl Drawing from the Step II Transposition through the Rack Loading and FinalPipeway Drawing stages.

SCOPEThis practice provides the following:

• Transmission of material requirements to the Material Control group.

• A scale drawing for the Stress group to check stress, establish loads, and forces.

• Transmission of information to the Structural Design group.

• A source of information for Construction for rack loading.

APPLICATION

This practice should be considered for application on any project where there aremajor pipe racks where construction would benefit.

PHILOSOPHY• Fabrication philosophy for this drawing (rack loaded portion) is maximum field

fabrication.

• Lines in the pipeway that cross 2 or more supports will be rack loaded 2 feetpast the last support it crosses.

• Individual projects may alter the fabrication philosophy to meet therequirements of their Project.

PrerequisitesThe following prerequisites apply:

• Step II Transpositions.

• Pipe support spacing.

• Cross section of pipeway showing required clearances such as instrument racks,electrical racks, deck elevations, and drop areas.

PREPARATION• Pipeway drawings are prepared for each main unit pipeway and main process

area interconnecting pipeway. Offsite pipeways may be handled in the samemanner.

• Microfilming frames will be placed on all roll size drawings. (Refer to PipingDesign Guide 8.5.)

• It should be determined early in the contract life (prior to loading issue) if a rolldrawing can be issued as a contract document. If not, separate drawing numbers

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must be assigned to each microfilming frame to facilitate breaking roll drawingsinto individual drawings.

• If contract requirements call for 4 or 5 size drawings for issued contractdrawings, the roll drawing will have to be cut up and given the drawing numberswhich appear in the microfilming frame.

• Drawings may be produced utilizing manual, 2D CAD, or 3D CAD methods.

• A roll type drawing with the upper and lower racks drawn parallel is preferablefor issue to Construction for rack loading, and for use by Design during thelayout drawing and checking activities.

• For rack loading purposes, the drawing must contain line numbers, sizes, pipesupport numbers, elevations, coordinates, and extent of piping to be rack loaded.

• The Pipeway Control Drawing will be drawn to the same scale as the areadrawings.

• The Pipeway Control Drawing will be concerned primarily with lines in thepipeway and their associated items such as supports, hangers, anchors, andguides. Branch connections are shown for approximate locations initially, andupdated as information becomes confirmed.

• A master copy of the pipeway control drawing is to be maintained by the UnitSupervisor in the same manner as a master flow diagram. It must be updatedand revised to scale as the area piping plans and isometrics are drawn andchecked.

LayoutInvestigate for the following:

• Space and location for electrical and instrument racks.

• Drop areas.

• Client requirements for future space.

• Box clearances for orifice flange piping and other instruments.

• Potential interferences caused by lines dropping out of berth at 45 degrees, oruse of SR ells.

• Oversized insulation on steam traced or cold insulated lines.

• Insulation of flanges on steam lines.

• Hold downs, anchors, guides, special shoes, and cradles.

• Sloping lines requiring special supports.

• Battery limit manifold requirements.

• Valve access requirements.

• Lines with valves in run which require more space than normal valves (lift plugVAs).

• Hamer blinds.

• Interferences caused by expansion such as line dropouts or steam boot legmovement in pipe supports.

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• Lines in the main run are indicated including space for steam tracing headers asrequired.

• Utility lines will be located to the side of the heavy user and on the upper levelof a 2-level rack.

• The hottest line will be located on 1 side of the rack and adjacent lines will beprogressively cooler.

• Locate small lines that cannot span the pipe support spacing between the 2 cooluninsulated lines to enable the use of pick-ups. Special consideration must begiven to nonmetallic lines such as PVC, glass, and plastics.

• Indicate the required method of support for each line such as 5PU1, 5DS1, or5HR3.

• Indicate the amount of cold spring/prespring.

• Locate and size required expansion loops.

• Show all lines as single line regardless of size.

• Indicate all pressure and nonpressure attachments.

• Lines in the pipeway will be located by both dimension and coordinate.

• Branch lines are indicated in their approximate location and sequence. They arenot dimensioned or coordinated, as this will be done on the isometric and areadrawing.

• When a line crosses 2 or more supports, the rack loaded piping (portion locatedbetween field welds) will be indicated by a double line, broken off at each end.

• Pressure and nonpressure attachments must be indicated and identified on therack loaded lines such as shoes, process, hydrotest vents and drains, andinstrument air connections.

• Allow ample space between branch connections to the pipeway header andheader-in-line items, for branch location adjustment.

• A distribution chart is to be added to the Pipeway Control Drawing.

MTO (MaterialTakeoff)

• When the Pipeway Control Drawing is issued for rack loading and pipewayisometrics are produced, the Pipeway Control Drawing is used for preliminaryand secondary MTO.

• When the Pipeway Control Drawing is issued for rack loading, and pipewayisometrics are not produced, the Pipeway Control Drawing is used forpreliminary, secondary, and final takeoff.

• A BM/BMFMR (Bill of Material/Bill of Material Field Material Requisition) foreach individual line will be issued with the pipeway control drawing when beingissued for rack loading or final AFC (Approved for Construction) issue.

• It is the responsibility of Design to notify MTO of changes in materialrequirements.

Stress Review

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• Stress will receive 3 prints of the Pipeway Control Drawing from Piping Designand if required by Stress, 1 print of the Step II Flow Sheet Transposition.

• The Stress Engineer will review size and location of expansion loops, anchors,guides, and cold spring, and calculate anchor forces for Structural Design.

• The Stress Engineer will return 2 copies of the reviewed Pipeway ControlDrawing to the Pipeway Design Supervisor and retain 1 copy for personal files.The Piping Design Supervisor will forward 1 copy to Structural Design, retain 1copy for Design's use, and mark it as "Master Copy."

• As the Stress Group evaluates the branch sketches, they may have to modify thePipeway Control Drawing. These revisions must by marked on the PipingDesign Master and transmitted to Structural Engineering.

Check• The Pipeway Control Drawing Checker is responsible to verify the accuracy of

the drawing such as spacing, branch location, and stress review comments.- For checking procedure and checklist, refer to Piping Design Guide 8.3.

• Area Checkers are responsible to mark any changes affecting the pipewaycontrol drawing on the master copy.

Issue• The pipeway control drawing will be issued first for rack loading. Then, after

final design, check will be issued as the pipeway plan or plans.

• For reason of control, a reproduction of the Pipeway Control Drawing should beused as the rack loading original, and should be assigned a sketch drawingnumber.

• Whenever issuing the Pipeway Loading Drawing or the Pipeway Piping Plan orplans where pipeway isometrics are not drawn, BM/BMFMRs must accompanythem.

• Revisions including those without material changes must be sent through MTObefore being issued.

• The Distribution Chart is to be filled in with the dates and sent to the appropriatedepartment.

REFERENCESPiping Design Guide 8.3, 8.5.

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 01: (11Feb00)Rack Loading Drawing Sample

Attachment 02: (11Feb00)Rack Loading Drawing Typical Notes

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT - PIPEWAY INTERFACE CONTROL CHART AND PROCEDURE


PURPOSE• To provide a document for transmitting design information, and coordinating the

interconnecting pipeway design interfaces.

• To provide a uniform method and procedure for conveying design changespromptly.

• To ensure quality control and accuracy for the interface match points at batterylimits.

SCOPEThis practice provides:

• Consistency and direction for interface between individual plant/unit designgroups at unit battery limits.

• Instructions for preparation of interface control charts.

APPLICATION

This practice should be on any project where there exists pipeway-to-unit interfacecoordination requirements. Example:

• Major interconnecting pipeway under 1 Area Lead and multiple onsite areas.

• Interconnecting or pipeway interface with another Fluor Daniel engineeringoffice.

• Interconnecting or pipeway interface with another engineering company.

RESPONSIBILITY• The Area Lead for the interconnecting pipeway design group initiates the

pipeway interface control chart, maintains control of the master copy, and isresponsible for updating and issuing the latest revision.

General Procedure• The interconnecting pipeway group enters all known information and issues a

reproducible (vellum) work copy to the Unit Design Supervisor.- All match points will be located with coordinates and centerline or face

elevation.- Add special requirements such as slope (provide rate), or "Do Not Pocket"

notes in the remarks column.• The unit design group checks and modifies the information as required. New

information and changes are added to the reproducible, and after taking a printfor unit records, the reproducible is returned to the pipeway group.

• As new information is developed, it is added to the original and distributed tothe Unit Supervisor.

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT - PIPEWAY INTERFACE CONTROL CHART AND PROCEDURE


• As the pipeway design progresses, the chart will be updated and distributedpromptly, thus ensuring both design groups are developing their pipeways to thelatest data.

• Prior to check of pipeway control drawings or isometrics, either design groupwill inform the other, and design changes will be minimized to avoid rework.

Isometric Interface• The interconnecting pipeway isometrics will indicate all materials up to and

including the flange on the interconnecting side of battery limit block valve.Bolts and gaskets for connecting flanges will be covered by the unit isometrics.

• The interconnecting pipeway isometrics will cover all required materials up tothe battery limit block valves on butt welded, socket weld, and screwed valves.

• When a natural breakpoint is not available, such as a valve or flange, piping willterminate with a plain or beveled end, as applicable. Screwed lines willterminate with a male threaded connection on the interconnecting pipeway side.

• Heat tracing: The process unit's responsibility for tracing will end at the batterylimit connection.

REFERENCES

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2020: Plant Arrangement - Pipeway Control

Drawing and Procedures

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 01: (Available as a separate document)Form: 000.250.F3600: Pipeway Interface Control Chart

Attachment 02: (11Feb00)Sample Form: 000.250.F3600:Pipeway Interface Control Chart

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT - GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING


PURPOSE

This practice defines recommended spacing for buildings and equipment in oil andchemical plants.

SCOPE

This practice includes recommendations for spacing in the following types offacilities:

• Oil Refineries

• Chemical Plants

• Gasoline Plants

• Petrochemical Plants

APPLICATION

This practice is to be used by Designers for preliminary layout and spacing offacilities and equipment. The specification 000 250 50001, Process and UtilityPiping Design, Layout, and Drawing, should also be used.

It is important to obtain the clients criteria and approval when developing plantarrangements.

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 01: (11Feb00)General Recommendations For Spacing In Oil and Chemical Plants

Attachment 02: (11Feb00)General Recommendations For Spacing in Oil Pipeline Pump Stations.

Attachment 03: (11Feb00)General Recommendations For Spacing in Public Utility Natural Gas PumpingStations.www.IranPiping.ir


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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN OIL AND CHEMICAL PLANTS


Inter-Unit Spacing Recommendations (8), (7)

Serv.Bldg..

Elec.sub.&

MCC

UtilityAreas

Cool.Tower

ControlRooms

Compr.&

PumpHouses

ProcessUnitMod.

Hazard

ProcessUnitInter.

Hazard

ProcessUnitHigh

Hazard

Atmos.StorageTanks

Press.StorageTanks

Refrig.StorageTanks

Unload.& Load.Racks

Service Buildings(3)

(1)

Electrical Substationsand MCC

(1)

Utilities Areas 50 50

Cooling Towers 50 50 100

Control Rooms(4)

(1) (1) 100 100

Compressor & PumpHouses

100 100 100 100 100

Process UnitsModerate Hazard (6)

(9)

100 100 100 100 100 30 50

Process UnitsIntermediate Hazard

(6) (10)

200 100 100 100 200 50 100 100

Process UnitsHigh Hazard (6) (11)

400 200 200 200 300 100 200 200 200

Atmospheric StorageTanks

250 250 250 250 250 250 300 350 350

Pressure StorageTanks (5)

350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 (2)

Refrigerated StorageTanks (5)

350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 300 (2)

Unloading &LoadingRacks

200 200 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 250 350 350

Fire Stations & FireWater Pumps

50 50 50 50 50 200 300 300 300 350 350 350 200

Note: Spacings are shown in feet; Also see page 2 for notes ( ).

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN OIL AND CHEMICAL PLANTS


Notes for Inter-Unit Spacing Recommendations

(1) The spacing requirements for building to building are based on occupancy, square area, storage criteria, type ofconstruction, and access requirements. Minimum spacing for buildings shall be obtained from the ArchitecturalEngineering Group.

(2) The spacing for storage tanks shall be determined using the NFPA 30 principles.

(3) Service buildings generally include: offices, change houses, maintenance warehouses, cafeterias, labs, hospitals,garages, etc.

(4) Control rooms serving unusually large or hazardous units and central control rooms for multiple units or housingcomputer equipment, require greater spacing and may require blast - resistant construction.

(5) LPG tank locations, preferably, should be isolated to remote sections of the plant vessel heads aimed away frommajor plant values or occupancies. Spheres also should be remotely located whenever possible.

(6) Distances are from battery limits.

(7) Flare stacks (with knock out vessels) less than 75 feet in height should be 300 feet distance from other equipmentand tankage; with stacks over 75 feet in height 200 feet distance may be considered. These minimum distances shallbe verified by Fluor Daniel Process Engineering.

(8) Inter-Unit Spacing Recommendations are based on the Industrial Risk Insurers (IRI) Guidelines for LossPrevention and Control (IM.2.5.2).

(9) Moderate Hazard: "This category includes processes, operations, or materials having a limited explosion hazardand a moderate fire hazard. This class generally involves endothermic reactions and nonreactive operations, such asdistillation, absorption, mixing and blending of flammable liquids. Exothermic reactions with no flammable liquidsor gases also fit in this group." Typical examples include: Acetic anhydride, Acetone (dehydrogenation of alcohol),Ammonia, Crude distillation, Ethanol (from methanol) Ethylene glycol, Formaldehyde, Methyl ethyl, solventextraction, Urea, Visbreaking. (IRI, IM.2.5.2A)

(10) Intermediate Hazard: "This category includes processes, operations, or materials having an appreciableexplosion hazard and a moderate fire hazard. This class generally involves mildly exothermic reactions." Typicalexamples include: Alkylation (Refinery), Benzene, Benezene-Toluene-Zylene, Methanol (Reforming),Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Reforming (Refinery). (IRI, IM.2.5.2A)

(11) High Hazard: This category includes processes, operations, or materials having a high explosion hazard andmoderate to heavy fire hazard. This class involves highly exothermic or runaway reactions and highly hazardproducts handling." Typical examples include: Acetic acid, Acetone (cumene oxidation), Acrylic acid, Butadiene,Ethylene, Hydrocracking (Refinery), Polyethylene LD (high pressure), Polyethylene HD (large units), Propyleneoxide, Vinyl acetate, Vinyl chloride. (IRI, IM.2.5.2A)

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN OIL PIPE LINE PUMP STATIONS


ControlRoom

(1)

ServiceBldg.

Tanks ManualValves

Emerg.ShutdownStations

OpenFlame

LoadingDocks

Dwellings

Pump House 0 ft 50(3)

200 100 250 150 200 200

Tanks 200 200(3)

2 dia.largest

100 250 200 250 200

Terminal and Tank Farms

StorageTanks

LoadingRacks

Pumps ServiceBldg.

Docks OpenFlame

Compressor PressureTanks

Product StorageTanks

Not LPG

2 dia.largest

250 200 200(3)

350 200 200 50(4)

Loading Racks 250 50 - 250 200 200(3)

200 200 100 100

Open Flame 200 200 200 - 200 - 100 200

Pressure Tanks 50(4)

100 100 100(3)

100 200 100 50

Offshore PropertiesServiceBldg.

Proc / GasSeparation

OpenFlame

GasCompressor

EmergShutdownStations

ProductStorage

Service Building 20

Process andGas Separation

50(3)

Open Flame 100

Gas CompressorHouses

50(4)

50 50

EmergencyShutdown Stations

50 100 100 50 - 250


50(2)

50 100 200 100

Loading Docks 100 100 100 100 100 100

Note: Spacings are shown in feet; Also see page 2 for notes ( )

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN OIL PIPE LINE PUMP STATIONS


Notes:(1) Control room should be pressurized.

(2) Small open flame devices should be located no less than 50 feet from any vapor hazard area.

(3) Service buildings include: Offices, change houses, maintenance warehouses, laboratories, garages,except as specifically indicated.

(4) 300,000 gallons per group: 100 feet groups.

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN PUBLIC UTILITY NATURAL GAS PUMPING STATIONS


Compr.Houses

Gen.Bldg.

ShopBldg.

OfficeBldg.

BoilerHouses

GasMeterReg.

Houses

AirCooledExch.(Gas)

GasCoolingTowerWood

JacketWater

CoolingTower

Ware-Houses

MainLines

ProductStorageTanks

Compressor Houses (4), (6)

Generator Buildings 100(5), (6)

(4)

Shop Building 100(5)

30(4)

(4)

Office Buildings 100(5)

30(4)

30(4)

Boiler Houses 100(5)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4)

(4)

Gas Meter RegulatorHouses

100 100 100 100 100 (4)

Incombustible or AirCooled Exchangers

(Gas)

100 100 100 100 100 40(4)

Gas Cooling TowersWood Construction

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Jacket WaterCooling Towers

50(4), (5)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4)

40(4)

40(4)

50

Warehouses 100(5)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4)

30(4), (5)

30(4), (5)

30(4), (5)

30(4), (5)

Main Lines 350(3)

350(3)

350(3)

350(3)

350(5)

350(5)

350(5)

350(5)

350(5)

350(5)


200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 500 -1000

Fire House &Equipment

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

50 -100

100 100

Note: Spacings are shown in feet; Also see page 2 for notes ( ).

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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPACING IN PUBLIC UTILITY NATURAL GAS PUMPING STATIONS


1. There should be a minimum of 2 remote control stations to actuate the main-line power operated valves. One(RCS) should be located 250 feet or more from any gas pumping building, and 250 feet or more from any gasline. The second (RCS) should be located 250 feet or more from the other (RCS) or any gas line or gaspumping building, or shielded by topography or structures so as to be accessible at all times.

2. Power operated valves with no remote control stations and manually operated valves on main suction ordischarge lines should be located no less than 500 feet but not over 1,000 feet from any station building.

3. Main lines when equipped with other than power operated valves with (RCS) should be located no less than500 feet but not over 1,000 feet from any station building.

4. Distances indicated are for buildings or structures of incombustible construction. If otherwise, consult youInsurance Underwriters.

5. All open flame devices or ordinary electrical equipment, should be located 100 feet from any gas vapor hazardarea, gas line or gas pumping building; and 200 feet from Product Storage Tanks.

6. Often electrical generating equipment, gas turbines, or other similar items are housed in the same building withgas compressors. In such instances, you should consult you Insurance Underwriters concerning the standardsfor the installation of this equipment.

General Notes:

(A) Main-line power operated valves with (RCS) should be located 350 feet from all station buildings.

(B) Electrical Equipment should be located 100 feet from gas sources and 50 feet from cooling towers.

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PLANT ARRANGEMENT - TYPICAL UNIT PLOT ARRANGEMENT


PURPOSE

This practice establishes recommended guidelines to assist the Piping Designer fordevelopment of a unit plot arrangement.

SCOPEThis practice is arranged in the following major sections:

• RESPONSIBILITY

• ARRANGEMENT OF EQUIPMENT

• EQUIPMENT AND PIPEWAY CLEARANCES

• PIPEWAY LAYOUT

• REFERENCES

• ATTACHMENTS

APPLICATIONThis practice is to be used as a guideline for the development of the unit Plot Plan.

RESPONSIBILITY

It is the Lead Piping Supervisor's responsibility to ensure that this guideline isfollowed, along with any specific client requirements.

ARRANGEMENT OFEQUIPMENT

Note!!! The numbers enclosed in parentheses below refer to specific notes in circleson Attachments 01, 02, and 03.

Equipment Structures

The plant layout of equipment shall utilize common structures for equipment vesselsand pumps. As a rule single installation of equipment will not require a structure.

Vertical Vessels

Vertical vessels (A1) will be on a given centerline established by the largest vessel.The shell of the largest vessel will be 2'- 0" from the aisleway reference line.

Vessels that are considered larger than the average vessel (A1.1) in a unit, will beestablished independently with the shell located 2'- 0" from the aisleway referenceline.

Manways in vertical vessels will normally be located on the side of the vessel awayfrom the pipe rack. This leaves the pipe rack side clear for pipes going to and fromthe rack. Ladders will be located on either side of the vessel.

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Stacking two or more vertical vessels shall be investigated. This investigation shallconsider the process conditions (commodities, temperatures, pressures), verticalheight limitations, and piping layout for economic advantages. The stacking ofvessels requires the acceptance of Process and Vessel engineering.

HorizontalVessels

Horizontal vessels (A2) will have the head of the largest vessel line up with theaisleway reference line. All other horizontal vessels in the same vicinity will have acommon tangent line coordinate with the largest vessel. It may be economical foradjacent vessels to share a common saddle coordinate to utilize a commonfoundation.

The minimum elevation from grade is usually shown on the P&ID if it is critical forprocess reasons. If no elevation is expressed and minimum is required, care shouldbe taken to allow adequate clearance for piping.

Exchangers

Shell and tube heat exchangers (A3.1) will be lined up with their channel heads awayfrom the pipeways, so that tube withdrawal is toward the outside of the unit.

The shell heads will be lined up so that the largest head is in line with the aislewayreference line. All other exchangers are to be lined up to have a common channelnozzle coordinate. It may be economical for adjacent exchangers to share a commonsaddle coordinate to utilize a common foundation.

"G"- fin or fin tube type exchangers will be located (A3.2) with the centerline of theshell nozzles lined up and located such that all piping remains clear of the aislewayreference line.

Horizontal reboilers (A3.3) will preferably be located next to the equipment theyservice.

Pumps

Locate pumps close to the equipment from which they take suction (A4.1). Pumpshandling flammable products are not to be located under pipeways carrying majorproduct lines, air coolers, or vessels. Pumps handling non-flammable products maybe located under pipeways and air cooled exchangers.

Pumps located between pipeways and equipment row should be located to avoidbeing hazardous to pipeway and equipment. Industrial Risk Insurers IM.2.5.2 (IRI)indicates the minimum distance to be 10 feet clear (A4.2); this distance should beverified by the clients requirements.

Layout pump suctions and discharges on common centerlines, allowing the use ofcommon pipe supports (A4.3).

AircoolersAircoolers will normally be located above the pipeways (A5).

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Furnaces

Furnaces should be located upwind or sidewind from the rest of the unit and beseparated by at least 50 feet.

Compressors

Compressors should be located downwind from the rest of the unit, be separatedfrom the other equipment, and preferably not located in an enclosed building.

Valve Manifolds

Operational valve manifolds, control valve manifolds and utility stations (A6) are tobe located for operability and access.

EQUIPMENT ANDPIPEWAY CLEARANCES

Walkways2'- 6" horizontal by 7'- 0" vertical (C1.1).

Aisleway

For forklift or similar equipment 6'- 0" horizontal by 8'- 0" vertical. For portablemanual equipment operation 3'- 0" horizontal by 8'- 0" vertical (C1.2).

Access Way

Mobil equipment access (hydraulic cranes, trucks, etc.) 10'- 0" horizontal by 10'- 0"vertical (C1.3).

Flange Clearance

Between adjacent equipment (example: shell and tube heat exchangers) 1'- 6"clearance between flanges if no other access is required (C2).

Foundation Footings

Minimum (2'- 6") walkway clearances are required between foundations of anyequipment and any adjacent equipment or piping.

Pump Clearances

For pumps extending under the pipeways, a minimum 10'- 0" (C4.1) clearance isrequired between pumps at opposite sides of the rack. This clearance need not be ina straight line down a series of pumps under the rack.

Minimum clearance of 3'- 0" is required between pumps (C4.2). The 3'- 0"dimension is a minimum requirement between adjacent equipment, foundation orpiping.

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Exchanger Clearances

Clear aisleway for exchanger shell head removal will be 6'- 0" when using a fork lifttruck or portable "A" frame (C4.3).

3'- 0" clear platform is required when using a mobile crane positioned at channel endto remove shell cover (C4.3.1).

3'- 0" clear when shell cover is fixed and removal is not required.

Miscellaneous Clearances

Platforms will be 1'- 0" minimum clear of piping or pipeway (C4.4.1). Allowclearance for drain funnels in front of pumps (C4.4.2).

Road Clearances

The requirements for drainage ditches or underground pipeway easement mayincrease the dimension from the edge of roads to equipment (C5).

PIPEWAY LAYOUT

For pipeway support elevations (P1), refer to Practice 000.250.2041: PlantArrangement - Pipeway Layout - Allowable Pipe Spans.

• Pipe support spacings shall be maximized using the limits of pipe spans andstructural integrity.

Location of electrical and instrument raceways will be determined by one of thefollowing:

• When electrical is located primarily aboveground (P2.1), raceways for electricaland instruments will be located as shown (vertical or horizontal, with horizontalbeing the alternate location), taking care not to interfere with pipe turn-outs andexpansion loops.

• On projects where electrical is predominately aboveground, the top level of thepipeway (P2.2) will be reserved for electrical and instrument raceways.

Drop space (P3), if required, for utility, steam trap, or vent piping drop space widthis set by minimum clearance for largest line and may be on either or both sides ofpipeway as required.

The centerline of line drops (P4) will normally be 2'- 0" from centerline of P.S.column or end of cantilever, whichever is applicable. Special consideration needs tobe given to large diameter lines.

Width of rack (P5) will be determined by the flow diagram transposition.

Refer to Practice 000.250.2010: Plant Arrangement - Flow Diagram TranspositionInstructions.

For pipe support spacing (P6), refer to Practice 000.250.2041.

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REFERENCES

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2005: Plant Arrangement - Plot Plan Development

Instructions

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2010: Plant Arrangement - Flow Diagram Transposition

Instructions

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2015: Plant Arrangement Location Control Plan

Instructions

Piping EngineeringPractice 000.250.2041: Plant Arrangement - Pipeway Layout – Allowable

Pipe Spans

ATTACHMENTS

Attachment 01: (11Feb00)Unit Plot Arrangement

Attachment 02: (11Feb00)Section Thru Pipeway, Standard Arrangements

Attachment 03: (11Feb00)Space Allocation At Support Columns

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TEST-PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAYDEVELOPMENT

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TESTPLOT, UNIT & PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT

(OPEN BOOK)

Number in parentheses indicatespoint value for each question.

(4) 1. List four items that must be considered when developing a plot plan.

A. _________________________________________________________________

B. _________________________________________________________________

C. _________________________________________________________________

D. _________________________________________________________________

(5) 2. Indicate true or false for the following statements regarding Plot Plan development:

A. ___ Maintenance and operating areas should be considered.

B. ___ Construction methods do not affect plot development.

C. ___ Process information is not required for locating equipment.

D. ___ Special consideration should be given to alloy and large diameter piping for equipment sequencing.

E. ___ The Plot Plan can be used to develop the Piping Plan Index and Model Board Index.

(3) 3. List three main uses for piping transposition drawings:

A. __________________________________________________________________

B. __________________________________________________________________

C. _________________________________________________________________

(4) 4. Describe a piping transposition in your own words.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

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TEST-PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAYDEVELOPMENT

Page 2 of 2

(3) 5. List three purposes of the Pipeway Control Drawing.

A. __________________________________________________________________

B. __________________________________________________________________

C. __________________________________________________________________

(1) 6. Hot lines should be kept to one side of the pipeway to provide for:

_____________________________________________________________________

(1) 7. Expansion of pipe lines in the pipeway affects pipeway studies in what way?

_____________________________________________________________________

(2) 8. Construction can use the Pipeway Control Drawing early in the job to accomplish:

____________________________________________________________________

(1) 9. What items, other than equipment, appear on the Location Control Plan?

_____________________________________________________________________

(1) 10. When is the Location Control Plan voided?

_____________________________________________________________________

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PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT TEST GRADING MASTER

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PLOT, UNIT & PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT TEST

GRADING MASTER

Number in parentheses indicatespoint value for each question.

(4) 1. List four items that must be considered when developing a plot plan.

A. _ Sound Engineering Practices, Operation, Maintenance, Safety,Project Ideas

B. __ State And Local Codes, Client Specifications, Topography,Contract Standards

C. __ Process Diagrams, Equipment List, Access Location, SoilConditions, Existing

D. Obstructions, building sizes, pipe materials, climate,experience, etc.

(5) 2. Indicate true or false for the following statements regarding Plot Plan development:

A. _T Maintenance and operating areas should be considered.B. _F_ Construction methods do not affect plot development.C. _F__ Process information is not required for locating equipment.D. _T__ Special consideration should be given to alloy and large diameter piping for

equipment sequencing.E. _T__ The Plot Plan can be used to develop the Piping Plan Index and Model Board

Index.

(3) 3. List three main uses for piping transposition drawings:

A. Pipeway sizing, line routing, header sizing, prove plot,B. Material Take-off, vessel orientation, piping flexibility,C. Equipment location, economics

(4) 4. Describe a piping transposition in your own words.

"Using a plot plan and the flow diagrams, route all important lineswithout going into fabrication or construction graphics." Or "Thepiping transposition drawing transposes the main process lines fromprocess drawings onto the plot plan to establish optimal equipmentarrangement."

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PLOT, UNIT AND PIPEWAY DEVELOPMENT TEST GRADING MASTER

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(3) 5. List three purposes of the Pipeway Control Drawing.

A. Piping Interfaces, Material Take-Off

B. Piping flexibility studies, early rack loading,

C.. Structural Analysis, Basis For Pipeway Plan Drawings And RackLoading Drawings

(1) 6. Hot lines should be kept to one side of the pipeway to provide for:

Expansion loops

(1) 7. Expansion of pipe lines in the pipeway affects pipeway studies in what way?

Pipe spacing must allow for thermal growth of branch lines orchanges of direction.

(2) 8. Construction can use the Pipeway Control Drawing early in the job to accomplish:

Loading the rack with field fab pipe crossing two or more supports

(1) 9. What items, other than equipment, appear on the Location Control Plan?

Everything that occupies space permanenetly or temporarily. Forexample, equipment, structures, buildings, pipeways, roadways, utilitystations, eyewash/safety showers,substations, miscellaneous pipesupports, control valve manifolds, instrument clusters,maintenancespace, etc.

(1) 10. When is the Location Control Plan voided?

All coordinates have been shaded and transferred to the StructuralDepartment Foundation Location drawings.

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