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Optical Trapping Giov anni Pinuellas 8 November 2010 Abstract In this experime nt inves tigat e the process of trapp ing silical beads using an optical trap comprised of a 845nm wavelength (near-infrared) laser beam with a maximum power of 200mW. We trap dielectric particles in the focus of this laser beam and are able to detect small displacements of the silica beads by using a photodiode and calibrating our equipment to quantify size, position and forces at nm and pN scales. We also study E. col i locomotion by investigating the relationship between cell rotation and cell size. We also study activ e transport by motor proteins in onion cells by investigating vesicle velocity. 1 In tr oduction An optical trap, or optical tweezers, is a device used to apply piconewton-sized forces on dielect rics and mak e ver y preci se measurements. It is crea ted using radiation pressure from a lase r beam. It has immense biophy sical applicatio ns and has been used for many ground-breaking experiments. For example, it has been used for monitor the activities of motor proteins such as myosin, which take part in the active transport of vesicles in onion cells. Optical tweezers have also been applied to such manipulations as cell sorting and unzipping DNA. In this experiment we use an atom trap to manipulate silica beads and measure how precise our optical trap can be. We also investigate E. Coli cell rotation and try to ﬁnd a corro lati on with cell size. Finally, we investigate acti ve transport in onion cells by manipulating vesicles carried by the cell’s motor protein. 2 Theory The optical trap works by attracting a dielectric particle to the focus of a laser beam. At the “wai st” of the focus of the laser beam the re is a gra dient force that tends to push a dielectric particle where the light intensity is the strongest. This gradient force is produced from the momentum transfer as photons hit the diel ectri c particle. The following diagram shows the forces that aris e from a gradient force due to varying laser intensity. 1

Pinuellas Giovanni OTZ Lab

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