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Chapter 8 Review Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes · Class: Chondrichthyes Clear Nose Skate Atlantic Stingray •skates are similar to rays but they lack a whip-like tail and stinging spines •skates

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Chapter 8 Review

Agnatha

Chondrichthyes

Osteichthyes

Class: Agnatha

• jawless fish

• hagfishes and lampreys lack jaws and are the

most primitive fish

Class: Chondrichthyes

Major Characteristic Features

1) movable jaws with

well-developed

teeth

2) paired lateral fins

3) placoid scales

which feels like

sandpaper

Class: Chondrichthyes

Scales and Teeth • placoid scales are also

known as dermal

denticles

• scales have the same

composition as teeth

• teeth are continually

shed and replaced by

the rows behind

Class: Chondrichthyes

Respiration • rays have spiracles

which aid in breathing

Class: Chondrichthyes

Buoyancy

• shark liver aids in buoyancy because it contains oil

• some shark livers make up 20% of their weight

• sharks use their pectoral fins and tails for

buoyancy control

Class: Chondrichthyes

Nervous System • lateral line used for sensing vibrations in water

from the swimming of other animals

• system of small canals that run along the head

and body

Class: Chondrichthyes

Nervous System • Ampullae of Lorenzini – jelly filled canals that

can detect electrical and magnetic fields; used

to help locate prey

Class: Chondrichthyes

Nervous System • very acute sense of smell

• It can detect one drop of blood in a million

drops of water (25 gallons) and can smell blood

0.25 mile away.

Class: Chondrichthyes

Reproduction • males have claspers to insert sperm into

female’s cloaca (one opening that serves

digestive and reproductive functions)

MALE

FEMALE

CLOACA

Class: Chondrichthyes

Camouflage and Coloration • some display countershading

• darker on dorsal surface to blend with deeper

water or sea bottom

• lighter on ventral surface to blend with lighter

colored surface water

Class: Chondrichthyes

Great White Shark

Class: Chondrichthyes

Hammerhead Shark

Class: Chondrichthyes

Giant Manta Ray

Class: Chondrichthyes

Clear Nose Skate Atlantic Stingray

• skates are similar to rays but they lack a whip-

like tail and stinging spines

• skates lay egg cases, whereas rays give birth to

live young

Class: Osteichthyes

Types of Bony Fish

1. fleshy-finned fish (ex: coelacanth)

2. ray-finned fish (ex: tuna, marlin, dolphin fish,

lionfish, green moray eel, swordfish,

parrotfish, sailfish, sunfish, grouper)

Class: Osteichthyes

Buoyancy

• have a swim bladder which is an air filled sac

that helps with buoyancy

Class: Osteichthyes

• Atlantic Bluefin

Tuna

• Blue Marlin

• Lionfish

• Parrotfish

• Sailfish

• Sunfish

Additional Information

• Review the material from the “Blue Realm”

video on Manta Rays and Sharks.

• Know the following material from your 8.4 Notes

– 5 different ways fish use coloration

– 3 reasons why fish swim

– nictitating membrane

– 4 main advantages to the lateral line system