Fish Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class
Agnatha ( Jawless Fish) Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)
Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)
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Fish first appeared in the Earths oceans 540 MILLION years ago.
Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates Characteristics: SCALES
FINS THROATS WITH GILL SLITS
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LAMPREY
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HAGFISH
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JAWLES FISH 1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all
fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST !) 2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED
FINS. 3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE. Meaning these
fish do not have any BONES.
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JAWLESS FISH 4.) The main form of support these fish have is
from the NOTOCHORD. 5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH
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JAWLESS FISH 6.) LAMPREY has a suction-cup mouth, which is
surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to a fish and
scrapes away at the fishs skin. The lamprey then sucks up the
TISSUES of its victim!
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JAWLESS FISH 7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLES
that sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ for TOUCH.
8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by TEARING out pieces
of the fish with its tongue and teeth-like structures.
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TIGER SHARK
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GREAT WHITE SHARK
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BULLNOSED RAY
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CARTILAGENOUS FISH 1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly include
SHARKS, RAYS, and SKATES. 2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of
CARTILAGE with toothlike SCALES covering their bodies (makes their
skin feel like sandpaper). 3.) The body of a shark includes: a.
TORPEDO-SHAPED BODY b. CURVED TAIL c. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH
UNDERNEATH
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CARTILAGENOUS FISH 4.) Sharks have 3,000 very long teeth
arranged in many rows inside its mouth. 5.) Sharks that eat
MOLLUSCS and CRUSTACEANS have FLATTENED teeth that help them CRUSH
the shells of their prey. 6.) The bodies of skates and rays are
FLAT.
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CARTILAGENOUS FISH 7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE, BROAD
fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these fins to MOVE
through the water. 8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOOR
where they HIDE by using their fins to cover their bodies with
sand. 9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINE at the end of their
long, thin tail, which is mainly used for DEFENSE rather than for
catching PREY.
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ROCK BASS
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BROOK TROUT
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BLUEGILL SUNFISH
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CARP
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FLATHEAD CATFISH
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NORTHERN PIKE
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STRIPED BASS
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COELACANTH
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YELLOW PERCH
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ATLANTIC SALMON
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BONY FISH 1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of HARD BONE.
2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes: a.) LOBE- FINNED
bony fishes b.) RAY- FINNED bony fishes
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3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include PERCHES and SEA HORSES. 4.)
COELACANTHS are the only living species of lobe-finned bony
fishes.
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5.) Bony fishes have an SWIM BLADDER. This gas-filled sac gives
bony fishes BUOYANCY or the ability to FLOAT in water. By inflating
or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can float at DIFFERENT levels
in the water.
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So why do fish belly up when they die?
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6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzZhSl_00pI&feature=related
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1.) Circulatory System: CLOSED circulatory system, where BLOOD
is contained within blood vessels. GILLS will provide the oxygen
Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body: ATRIA
Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body: VENTRICLE
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2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEM Tube-like KIDNEYS that filter nitrogen-
containing WASTES from the blood. Most fishes get rid of the
nitrogen-containing wastes in the form of AMMONIA. This
accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check the water
quality of your aquariums!
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AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE
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3.) SENSORY DETECTION Since fishes do not hear sounds very
well, fish can detect faint CURRENTS and VIBRATIONS in the water
through a DISTANT - TOUCH system. Many fishes have a great sense of
smell and taste. A shark can detect the presence of one drop of
BLOOD in 115 liters of seawater.
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FISH REPRODUCTION EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION The female lays EGGS
in water, and the MALE will cover the eggs in sperm to allow for
fertilization OUTSIDE of the body. Examples: SALMON
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/the-
lifecycle-of-salmon/enhanced-video-resource/7395/
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FISH REPRODUCTION INTERNAL FERTILIZATION Fertilization will
take place in the females body and the female will lay a FERTILIZED
egg. Examples: SHARKS