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PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION. What is ATP?. ATP = A denosine T ri P hosphate Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates. Phosphate. Adenine. Ribose. Triphosphate. ADENOSINE. P. P. P. P. P. Why ATP?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION
What is ATP?
ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates
Adenine
Ribose
ADENOSINE
Phosphate
Triphosphate
Why ATP?
Phosphates have a large amount of chemical energy. Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large amount of usable cellular energy is released.
ADENOSINE P P P
ADENOSINE P P P
ENERGY
ATP CYCLE Occurs continuously in cells About 10 million new ATP molecules are made in every
cell every second!!!
ADP
1. Stored EnergyEnergy stored in chemical bonds.
2. Releasing EnergyEnergy released by breaking bonds – used to power cells
3. Energy DepletedADP has less chemical energy than ATP
4. Making ATP
Energy released by other chemical reactions and processes can be used to bond a phosphate to ADP to make ATP
+ P
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Series of complex chemical processes that convert light energy into carbohydrates
Overall Equationlight + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
Occurs in Chloroplasts Two types of reactions –
Light Dependent Light Independent (aka. Calvin Cycle, Dark rxn)
Photosynthesis Overview
Fill in the picture on the top left of notes as animation plays
http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/animations/0054.swf
FOCUS On . .
Light dependent reactionOccurs in thylakoid membrane
Photolysis of H2O
Light + 2H2O 4H+ + O2
Make NADPH & ATP
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#
FOCUS On . .
Light Independent Reaction – CALVIN CYCLEOccurs in Stroma of Chloroplast
Use of CO2 to create Glucose (C6H12O6) Use of ATP & NADPH from Light reactions
ATP for energy to power chemical reactions NADPH – hydrogen source to add to CO2 to make sugars
Must cycle through 6 times in order to create one glucose molecule
http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/animations/0055.swf
Falcon Five 10/20 – Test your photosynthetic knowledge:1. The Calvin Cycle includes
a. Light dependent rxns b. electron transport chain c. light independent rxns
2. The Calvin Cycle takes place in thea. mitochondria b. stroma c. nucleus d. thylakoid membrane
3. What product of the light dependent rxn is used in the Calvin Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. NADPH d. chlorophyll
4. What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cyclea. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. hydrogen d. water
5. How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose molecule?a. one b. six c. two d. three
6. Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) & O2 from
photosynthesis go?
Used by both plant & animal cells to create ATP!!! Releases energy Makes cell energy Close to the reverse of photosynthesis !
Cellular Respiration Equation
O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
Cellular Respiration
3 step processGlycolysisKrebs Cycle/Citric
Acid CycleElectron Transport
Chain
Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS2 ATP 2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP
2 NAD 2 NADH
Glucose
2 - PGAL2 - Pyruvate
•Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell
•Anaerobic process (no O2 required)
•Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2)
•Releases only 2% of chemical energy that is stored in Glucose
Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Occurs in Mitochondria Matrix
Requires presence of O2
2 Pyruvate from Glycolysis transformed into Acetyl CoA & enters cycle
Net production of: 2 ATP 2 FADH 6 NADH
Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain
Remaining energy of glucose in electrons carried by NADH & FADH
NADH & FADH enter electron transport chain in mitochondria cristae
Produce 32 more ATP
From Krebs Cycle
From Alteration of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Summary of Cellular Respiration
2 2 32
H2O
CO2
In Matrix In Cristae
What if there is not enough or no O2 present?
Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast)Pyruvate + NADH → Ethanol + NAD + CO2
Used in baking, beer & wine production
Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD
Strenuous exercise = can’t get all the O2 your cells need so use lactic acid fermentation = Sore muscles!!!