Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

The activities of all living things require energy. Swimming, flying, growing, reproducing, and even the flashing of a firefly use energy.

Energy for cells is stored in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.

Fuels that power organisms

The lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that you already studied about are the fuels that power organisms.

Cell Energy (Photosynthesis and Respiration) Notes

Energy: ability to do work; forms of energy include: heat, light, chemical, electrical, mechanical, kinetic and potential.• Energy for living things comes from food. Originally,

the energy in food comes from the sun.

• Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self)Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

• Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs – obtain energy from food they consume.Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Our body converts food in to energyin the mitochondria

Cell Energy – needed for active transport, making proteins and nucleic acids, chemical signals (Fireflies’ light)

• Cells usable source of energy is called ATP• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate

adenine3 Phosphate groups

ribose

• ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate

2 phosphate groups adenine

ribose

• All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the bond releases the energy

• When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP

D. Example: ATP ADP + P + E from breaking bond

ADP + Energy + P ATP

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbtqF9q_pFw&NR=1

Photosynthesis:• List at least three things you know about

photosynthesis. • 1. • 2. • 3.

Photosynthesis - the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose

A. General Formula:

H2O + CO2 + light C6H12O6 + O2

water + carbon dioxide + light glucose + oxygen

B. 2 parts of photosynthesis:

1. light reaction – forms ATP and NADPH – contain chemical E, but are unstable

2. Calvin cycle (dark reaction) – uses E from ATP and NADPH to

produce glucose

• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

• Light absorbing (and reflecting) compounds are called Pigments.

• Most common photosynthetic compound are chlorophyll (a + b)

• Absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis to work• The light color we see is the color being reflected

• Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis

As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.

• Diagram Reactants

Products

LightH2O CO2

O2

C6H12O6

Glucose

Chloroplast

LightDependent

Reaction

Calvin Cycle

NADP+ADP + P

ATPNADPH

Thylakoid

Stroma – Calvin Cycle occurs here

Summary:• Light Dependent

Reaction—H2O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH

• Calvin Cycle—energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQK3Yr4Sc_k

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo5XndJaz-Y

STOP!!!!• Finish POGIL!! (What’s in a leaf)

Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic)• Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy

of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

• Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose.

• The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.

• Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present.

Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen• Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell• Total of 36 ATP molecules produced• General formula for aerobic respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATPglucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy

Human cells contain a specialized structure – the

mitochondrion – that generates energy.

• Diagram

Glucose GlycolysisElectron

Transport Chain

2

Krebs Cycle

Mitochondria

In Cytoplasm

2 32

Electrons carried in NADH

Electrons carried in NADH and

FADH2

Summary:3 steps: 1st glycolysis

2nd Krebs cycle3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP

**E transferred from glucose to ATP

3 stages of aerobic respiration:1. Glycolysis – cytoplasm, 2 ATP2. Krebs cycle – mitochondria, 2 ATP3. Electron Transport Chain – mitochondria, 32 ATP

36 ATPtotal

Glucose1 6-C molec.

Glycolysis

Pyruvic Acid2 3-C molec.

Cytoplasm2 322

MitochondriaCO2

released

Krebscycle E. T. C.

High E e- carried in NADH

High E e- carried in NADH and FADH2

H2O released

O2

AEROBIC

Anaerobic Respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid)• Also called fermentation• Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

• Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast

Process used in the baking and brewing industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during fermentation to make dough rise and give bread

its holesglucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

• Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells

Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles

glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

glycolysis

Anaerobic Respiration

Alcoholic fermentationBacteria, Yeast 2 ATP

Lactic acid fermentationMuscle cells 2 ATP

Aerobic Respiration36 ATP

ETC

Mitochondria

Krebs Cycle

Cytoplasm

• First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis

Diagram

C6H12O6

glucose

Glucose1 6-C molec.

Glycolysis

Pyruvic Acid2 3-C molec.

Fermentation

Alcoholic Lactic Acid

YeastBacteria muscles

2Cytoplasm

ANAEROBIC

Mitochondria

• Put in order….– What is the formula for photosynthesis?

– What is the formula for cellular respiration?

– With your lab partner discuss what is similar/different about the two formulas.(BE PREPARED TO SHARE WITH THE CLASS)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ