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PHOSPHOR CONVERTED WHITE LED. Contents. 1. White LED 2. Phosphor Converted White LED 3. Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 5. Phosphor Mounting A. Fabrication B. LED Efficiency C. Epi Growth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PHOSPHOR CONVERTED PHOSPHOR CONVERTED WHITE LEDWHITE LED
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1. White LED1. White LED
2. Phosphor Converted White LED2. Phosphor Converted White LED
3. Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED application 3. Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED application
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
5. Phosphor Mounting 5. Phosphor Mounting
A. Fabrication A. Fabrication
B. LED Efficiency B. LED Efficiency
C. Epi GrowthC. Epi Growth
D. Extraction Efficiency D. Extraction Efficiency
E. JunctionE. Junction
F. LED BasicsF. LED Basics
G. LED BusinessG. LED Business
H. LED ApplicationsH. LED Applications
ContentsContents
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1. White LED : Introduction 1. White LED : Introduction
UV
R
B
G
LEDLED
B
형광체형광체
R/G/B
Y
백색(1)
RBG
B R/G
R, G, B LED
single chip(multi color LED)
multi chipmulti chip(single color LED)(single color LED)
B LED + Phosphor
UV LED + Phosphor
Y Ph
R, G PhR, G Ph
(2)
(3)
* Increased Color
Gamut
* Mechanical Stability
* Fast switching Time
Advantage (vs. Advantage (vs. CCFL)CCFL)
(A)
(B)
(A)
(B)
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UV
R
B
G
LEDLED
B
형광체형광체
R/G/B
Y
백색
RBG
B R/G
LCD BLULCD BLU
color color gamutgamut
color stabilitycolor stabilitychip chip
degradationdegradation
excellent (~100%)
excellent (~100%)
good (~70%)
very good (~90%)
excellent (~100%)
good
good
very good
very good
excellent
Advantages vs. DisadvantagesAdvantages vs. Disadvantages
* Adv: adjustable white point sequential color potential Dis : complexity in control circuit large mixing & compensation area efficiency of green LED (e.g.) Lumileds (LCD TV, monitor)
* Adv: adjustable white point sequential color potential small mixing & compensation area Dis : complexity in control circuit complexity in chip design efficiency of green LED (e.g.) Osram opto., Nichia (LCD monitor)
* Adv : simple control circuit small mixing compensation area Dis : fixed white point no sequential color potential (e.g.) 2-A : small sized BLU, flash lamp 2-B : CRI for lighting, BLU for LCD TV ? 3 : development of near UV LED
(1-A)
(1-B)
(2-A)
(2-B)
(3)
2G/1B/1R2G/1B/1R
1. White LED : Characteristics1. White LED : Characteristics
??
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1. White LED : Application (Backlight) 1. White LED : Application (Backlight)
LCD Backlight – Lumileds LCD Backlight – Lumileds
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LCD Backlight – Lumileds LCD Backlight – Lumileds
1. White LED : Application (Backlight) 1. White LED : Application (Backlight)
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Using R, G, B LED Using White LED
What kind of white LED?
LCD Backlight – presented at 2004 FPD (Japan) by HannStar (Taiwan)LCD Backlight – presented at 2004 FPD (Japan) by HannStar (Taiwan)
1. White LED : Application (Backlight) 1. White LED : Application (Backlight)
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Mixing & Compensation Area Mixing & Compensation Area
R
B
G
RBG
Osram Opto, NichiaOsram Opto, Nichia
Lumileds Lumileds
1. White LED : Application (Backlight) 1. White LED : Application (Backlight)
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2 G LED + 1 B LED + 1 R 2 G LED + 1 B LED + 1 R LEDLED
* Efficiency of Green * Efficiency of Green LEDLED B LED * G Phosphor B LED * G Phosphor
(530nm)(530nm)= 60% * 70% * 87% = ~ = 60% * 70% * 87% = ~ 37 %37 %
G LED G LED = ~ 20 %= ~ 20 %>>
Why? difficult to obtain high quality InGaN epi- layer Why? difficult to obtain high quality InGaN epi- layer due to re-evaporation of In from growth surfacedue to re-evaporation of In from growth surface wider FWHM of green LEDwider FWHM of green LED and the subsequent low color purity and the subsequent low color purity
Why? Transition to indirect band-gap material Why? Transition to indirect band-gap material at above 0.53 of Al at above 0.53 of Al
2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (I) 2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (I)
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* White 를 위해 3.0 lm, 5.7 lm, 0.57 lm 이 필요함 * R LED 의 경우 85%, B LED 의 경우 65 % 만 사용 * current ratio 를 작게 가져가거나 or 2 G LED + 1 B, R LED* HB LED 의 경우 I 와 T 에 따른 보상이 필요함
2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (I) 2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (I)
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* efficiency vs. temperature* efficiency vs. temperature * efficiency vs. time (life * efficiency vs. time (life time)time)
optical optical feedbackfeedback
- less effect for PC white - less effect for PC white LEDLED
- same effect for PC white - same effect for PC white LEDLED
2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (II) 2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (II)
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2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (II) 2. Phosphor Converted White LED : Need for Phosphors (II)
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Excitation WLExcitation WL
Absorption efficiency (Reflection)Absorption efficiency (Reflection)
Quantum efficiencyQuantum efficiency
Stock shiftStock shift
Luminance (Peak WL: Eye factor)Luminance (Peak WL: Eye factor)
Emission color (Peak WL, FWHM)Emission color (Peak WL, FWHM)
Temperature dependency (Peak WL, Luminance) Temperature dependency (Peak WL, Luminance)
Particle size Particle size
Scattering ParticleScattering Particle
Surface modification Surface modification
Refractive index (Phosphor, Encapsulation material) Refractive index (Phosphor, Encapsulation material)
Gravity (Phosphor, Encapsulation material) Gravity (Phosphor, Encapsulation material)
Phosphor mixing ratio (CCT, CIE, CRI, Color Gamut) & thickness Phosphor mixing ratio (CCT, CIE, CRI, Color Gamut) & thickness
Structure of phosphor coating layerStructure of phosphor coating layer
Environment friendlyEnvironment friendly
Phosphor degradationPhosphor degradation
Radiation damage of encapsulation (epoxy or silicone) Radiation damage of encapsulation (epoxy or silicone)
Illumination vs. backlightIllumination vs. backlight
ParametersParameters
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
1931 CIE 1931 CIE XX, , YY, , ZZ color matching function color matching function
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
X = X() P() d
Z = Z() P() d
Y = Y() P() d x = X / (X + Y + Z)y = Y / (X + Y + Z)
u = 4X / (X + 15Y + 3Z)v = 6Y / (X + 15Y + 3Z)
for uniform chromaticity coordinates (color difference between two point)
Br = 680 Y() P() d
lm/W W/nm
555 nm
Photometry unit : lm, cd = lm/sr, lux = lm/mPhotometry unit : lm, cd = lm/sr, lux = lm/m22, nit = cd/m, nit = cd/m22
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry Basics of Radiometry and Photometry
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Consider one photon at each wavelength, Consider one photon at each wavelength,
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
cie
x,
cie
y
Br (Y)
cie x
cie y
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry Basics of Radiometry and Photometry
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cie x, y
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
x
y
520 nm530 nm
510 nm540 nm
550 nm
560 nm
570 nm
580 nm
590 nm
600 nm
610 nm620 nm
500 nm
490 nm
480 nm
470 nm460 nm
all the colors perceivable by human eyes
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CIE (x,y) chromaticity diagram Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CIE (x,y) chromaticity diagram
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CIE (x,y) chromaticity diagram Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CIE (x,y) chromaticity diagram
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u
v
x
y
same cct
standard light sources (specific emission spectrum)
Different body color (R() S())
same cct, different (x,y)
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CCT Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CCT
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0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
cie x
cie
y
NTSC CCFL + CF B LED + R Ph + G Ph + CF
NTSC : (0.14,0.08), (0.21,0.71), (0.67,0.33)
current ratio, phosphor ratio for white current ratio, phosphor ratio for white
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Gamut (Backlight) Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Gamut (Backlight)
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Ri = 100 – 4.6 Ei
Ei = 100 { [(uk,i – uk)-(uoi-uo)]2 + [(vk,i – vk)-(voi-vo)]2 }1/2
Ra = (R1 + ~ R5 ~ + R8 ) / 8
general color rendering index, Ra
color difference of each sample objects (u,v) between under standard light source and tested light source
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CRI (Illumination) Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : CRI (Illumination)
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color purity = a / (a+ b)color purity = a / (a+ b)
one of problemsone of problems
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Purity Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Purity
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Mixing (di-chromatic) Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Mixing (di-chromatic)
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case I 다음값은 입력치 결과치 .입니다
(1) , . , I, V ?단색의 색좌표 휘도 측정치를 입력하시오 그리고 측정시의 값은
x y Br(lm) power(mW) current(A) voltage(V)RED 0.714 0.286 19.52 155.07 0.35 2.90GREEN 0.074 0.656 32.60 93.47 0.35 3.50BLUE 0.135 0.049 9.56 170.82 0.35 3.50
(2) R,G,B .단색의 의 효율은 다음과 같읍니다lm/W WPE(%) EQE(%)
RED => 19.2 15.3GREEN => 26.6 7.6BLUE => 7.8 13.9
(3) White .색좌표 또는 원하는 구현색의 색좌표를 입력하시오
x= 0.310 y= 0.310
(4) 단색 측정치가 삼색혼합시 유지된다면 , White R, G, B current 이때 색좌표 또는 원하는 구현색의 색좌표를 내기 위한 에 대한 값은 .다음과 같읍니다
ratio 1 ratio 2 current (A)RED 0.310 0.074 0.135 RED = 0.382 0.81 0.28
0.310 0.656 0.049 GREEN = 0.471 1.00 0.350.000626 1.000 1.000 1.000 BLUE = 0.147 0.31 0.11
GREEN 0.714 0.310 0.1350.286 0.310 0.049
0.000773 1.000 1.000 1.000
BLUE 0.714 0.074 0.3100.286 0.656 0.310
0.000241 1.000 1.000 1.000
(5) current , R,G,B . 가 위와 같으면 의 휘도는 다음과 같읍니다
lmBr for W = 51.38 W (lm/W) 21.16Br for R = 15.81Br for G = 32.60Br for B = 2.98
(6) x,y coordinate tube (color gamut) .에서 삼색 의 색재현영역 은 다음과 같읍니다 , color purity .그리고 는 다음과 같읍니다
NTSCcolor gamut = 0.183 116 % R 0.67 0.33
G 0.21 0.71B 0.14 0.08
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Mixing (tri-chromatic) Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : Color Mixing (tri-chromatic)
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0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
30000.0
35000.0
40000.0
45000.0
50000.0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y
B G R B G R
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : values from measured spectrum Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : values from measured spectrum
case I corrected F 2.93E+11 1.12E+11 2.97E+11 x y mW lm peak (nm)peak center 460 510 640 B 0.138 0.055 122.0 7.6 460# 2.86E+17 1.50E+17 3.01E+17 G 0.106 0.624 58.1 20.4 510WL(nm) B G R R 0.703 0.295 94.0 14.5 640
lmx= 0.310 y= 0.310 lm/W WPE(%) EQE(%) ratio 2 current (A) Br for W = 32.50 CG= 0.164
B 6.2 10.0 13.1 0.28 0.10 Br for R = 2.13current(A) voltage(V) G 16.7 4.7 6.9 1.00 0.35 Br for G = 20.40
B 0.35 3.50 R 14.3 9.3 13.8 0.69 0.24 Br for B = 9.97G 0.35 3.50R 0.35 2.90 W(lm/W) = 14.35 NTSC % = 104.1
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0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
WL(nm)
Inte
nsi
ty
B G R B G R
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : values from simulated spectrum Basics of Radiometry and Photometry : values from simulated spectrum
case I std. Dev. 12 15 9 x y mW lm peak (nm)peak center 460 510 640 B 0.143 0.036 172.7 7.8 460intensity 200 120 250 G 0.074 0.656 93.5 32.6 510WL(nm) B G R R 0.714 0.286 155.1 19.5 640
lmx= 0.310 y= 0.310 lm/W WPE(%) EQE(%) ratio 2 current (A) Br for W = 49.89 CG= 0.186
B 6.4 14.1 18.3 0.27 0.10 Br for R = 2.12current(A) voltage(V) G 26.6 7.6 11.0 1.00 0.35 Br for G = 32.60
B 0.35 3.50 R 19.2 15.3 22.9 0.78 0.27 Br for B = 15.18G 0.35 3.50R 0.35 2.90 W(lm/W) = 21.26 NTSC % = 117.6
case II std. Dev. 12 20 9 x y mW lm peak (nm)peak center 460 545 630 B 0.143 0.036 172.7 7.8 460intensity 200 120 250 G 0.298 0.676 87.5 52.7 545WL(nm) B G R R 0.702 0.298 157.5 29.6 630
lmx= 0.310 y= 0.310 lm/W WPE(%) EQE(%) ratio 2 current (A) Br for W = 80.63 CG= 0.158
B 6.4 14.1 18.3 0.44 0.15 Br for R = 3.42current(A) voltage(V) G 43.0 7.1 11.0 1.00 0.35 Br for G = 52.68
B 0.35 3.50 R 29.1 15.5 22.9 0.83 0.29 Br for B = 24.53G 0.35 3.50R 0.35 2.90 W(lm/W) = 30.95 NTSC % = 100.3
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White by CCFL
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
White by CCFL + CF
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
W CCFL + R CF W CCFL + G CF W CCFL + B CF CCFL + CF
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Color Gamut Color Gamut CCFLCCFL
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White by R, G, B LED
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
R LED G LED B LED White by RGB LED
White by R, G, B LED + CF
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
W LED + R CF W LED + G CF W LED + B CF RGB LED + CF
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Color Gamut Color Gamut R, G, B LEDR, G, B LED
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White LED
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
White LED + CF
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
W LED + R CF W LED + G CF W LED + B CF W LED + CF
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Color Gamut Color Gamut B LED + Y PhB LED + Y Ph
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White by B LED + R, G Ph
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
CaS SrGa2S4 B LED
White by B LED + R, G Ph
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
WL(nm)
Inte
nsit
y (c
ount)
W + R CF W + G CF W + R/ G/ B CF W + B CF
3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
Color Gamut Color Gamut B LED + R,G PhB LED + R,G Ph
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3. 3. Characteristics of Characteristics of Phosphors for White LED Application Phosphors for White LED Application
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cie x
cie
y
RGB LED NTSC RGB LED + CFCCFL + CF B LED + Y Ph + CF B LED + R Ph + G Ph + CF
BLU system x y CCT (K) color gamut NTSC %NTSC - - - 0.158 1.00RGB LED 0.2505 0.2874 14500 0.164 1.04RGB LED + CF 0.2617 0.3063 11000 0.151 0.96B LED + Y Ph + CF 0.3234 0.3146 6000 0.113 0.71CCFL + CF 0.3026 0.2705 8400 0.111 0.70B LED + R,G Ph + CF 0.3062 0.2863 7541 0.145 0.91
Color Gamut Color Gamut
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4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
* What & How?What & How? - B light : converted to Yellow light by Phosphor converted to Red and Green (Yellow) light by Phosphor - UV light : converted to Red, Green, Blue light by Phosphor * Key Factor for Producing White light?Key Factor for Producing White light? - for General Lighting : color rendering indexcolor rendering index - for BLU : color gamutcolor gamut * Who (patent)? Phosphors for PC- White LEDWho (patent)? Phosphors for PC- White LED - Nichia - Osram Opto.(Siemens, Osram Lighting) - Lumileds (Philips) - Gelcore (GE) - Toyoda - LBG (LWB) - Toshiba - Matsushita
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* Commercially used Commercially used Yellow Yellow PhosphorPhosphor for B LEDfor B LED - Nichia : YAG:Ce - Osram Opto : TAG:Ce - Lumileds (Philips) : YAG:Ce (Nichia), YAG:Ce,Pr - Gelcore (GE) : ? - Cree : YAG:Ce (Nichia) - Toyoda : YAG:Ce (Nichia) - Rohm, Lite-on, Everlight, Vishay : TAG:Ce (Osram) - Citizen : YAG:Ce (Nichia) - Stanley : YAG:Ce (?) - Samsung E.M. : TAG:Ce (Osram) - Seoul S.C. : Ortho-silicate:Eu (LWB,Toyoda) - Matsushita : ?
* Commercially used Commercially used RedRed, , GreenGreen Phosphor for B LED Phosphor for B LED - Strong Candidate : CaS:Eu, STG:Eu - Degradation of Sulfide Phosphors ? Luminance ? * Commercially used Phosphors for UV LEDCommercially used Phosphors for UV LED - Toyoda : ZnS:Cu,Al / Halo-phosphate:Eu / LOS:Eu
YAl5O12:Ce3+,Sm3+
TbAl5O12:Ce3+
(Ba,Sr,Ca)2SiO4:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Osram Nichia
Samsung E.M.
Rohm
Everlight Liteon Toyoda Toshiba
LumiledsCitizen
UV LED + Phosphors
Cree
Licensing : PC - White Licensing : PC - White LEDLED
* Seoul S.C : Phosphor from LWG(Toyoda) + B LED chip from Cree* Seoul S.C : Phosphor from LWG(Toyoda) + B LED chip from Cree
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : EP1447853 (2004, 8)2. Priority : 2001, 103. * 1 항 : UV LED (350~410nm) + B Ph (400~500nm) + G Ph (500~550nm) + R Ph(600~660nm) + Y Ph (550~600nm)
* 2~8 항 : Y Ph : (Sr1-a1-b1-xBaa1Cab1Eux)2SiO4, 0 a1 0.3, 0 b1 0.6, 0 x 1≺ ≺
B Ph : (M1-xEux)10(PO4)6Cl2, M = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg
(M1-xEux)(N1-yMny)Al10O17, M = Ba, Sr, Ca & N = Mg, Zn & 0 y 0.05
G Ph : (M1-xEux)(N1-yMny)Al10O17, M = Ba, Sr, Ca & N = Mg, Zn & 0.05 y 1
(M1-xEux)2SiO4, M = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg
R Ph : (Ln1-xEux)O2S, Ln = Sc, Y, La, Gd
MatsushitaMatsushita
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : WO 02/054502 (2002, 7) (KR 공개 2003-74641)2. Priority : 2000, 123. * 1 항 : UV or B LED +
(2-x-y)SrO x(BauCav)O (1-a-b-c-d)SiO2, aP2O5, bAl2O3, cB2O3, dGeO2 : yEu2+
* 형광체를 강조하여 1 항에서 claim * B Ph : alkaline earth aluminates:Eu2+, Mn2+
R Ph : Y(V, P, Si)O4:Eu2+, Y2O2S:Eu3+, Bi3+,
alkaline earth magnesium disilicate (M3-x-yMgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+)
LBG (LBW)LBG (LBW)
1. Publication : WO 02/054503 (2002, 7) with Toyota Gosei (KR 공개 2003-91951)2. Priority : 2000, 123. * 1 항 : LED + Ph 로 이루어진 발광장치에서 형광체는 ortho-silicate * 3 항 ( 종 ) : ortho-silicate 를 규정함 .
(2-x-y)SrO x(BauCav)O (1-a-b-c-d)SiO2, aP2O5, bAl2O3, cB2O3, dGeO2 : yEu2+
* LED + Ph” 로 이루어진 발광장치상의 구조 등에 대한 claim 이 주를 이룸 .
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : KR1997-0030949 (1997, 6)
2. Priority : 1995, 11
3. * 1 항 : Phosphor + UV
* Reject : 재심사 청구
Toyoda GoseiToyoda Gosei
1. Patent : US6791116 (2004, 9) with Matsushita
2. Priority : 2002, 4
3. * Scattering material 과 phosphor 를 함유한 diode 발광장치
1. Publication : JP2004-127988 (2004, 4) (WO 04/032251)2. Priority : 2002, 93. * UV or Blue LED + Y, R, G, B Phosphor
* Y Ph = (2-x-y)BaO x(SruCav)O (1-a-b-c-d)SiO2, aP2O5, bAl2O3, cB2O3, dGeO2, : Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Toyoda / ToshibaToyoda / Toshiba* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph ?
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : JP2004-103443 (2004, 4)
2. Priority : 2002, 9
3. * B LED + Y, R Phosphors
ToshibaToshiba
1. Publication : JP2003-318447 (2003, 11)
2. Priority : 2002, 4
3. * LED (400~500 nm) + Ph 1 (500~600 nm) + Ph 2 (600~700
nm)
1. Publication : JP1999-246857 (1999, 9)2. Priority : 1998, 23. * UV LED + R Ph
* 1 항 : R Ph = (La1–x–yEuxSmy)2O2S, 0.01 x 0.15, 0.0001 y 0.03
* 형광체를 강조하여 1 항에서 claim * 5 항 : La 대신 Y or Gd 를 일부 함유
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
KASEI?
39/219
ToshibaToshiba
1. Publication : JP2000-183408 (2000, 6)2. Priority : 1998, 123. * UV LED + B Ph + O Ph (excited by B Ph)
* B Ph = M10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+
* O Ph = (Y,Gd)3Al5O12:Ce3+
1. Publication : JP2002-203991 (2002, 7)
2. Priority : 1997, 9
3. * UV LED + R, G, B Phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : JP1996-36835 (1998, 2)2. Priority : 1996, 73. * 형광체 특허임
* (Y 1-p-q-r GdpCeqSmr)3(Al1-sGas)5O12, 0 p 0.8, 0.003 q 0.2, 0.003 r 0.08, 0 s 1
NichiaNichia
1. Patent : US5998925 (1999, 12) (Family : US6069440, US6608332, US6614179, JP2927279)2. Priority : 1996, 7
3. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : Garnet material, A3B5O12:Ce, A = Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd, Sm & B = Al, Ga, In
* 2 항 :Y 와 Al 을 함유하는 yttrium aluminum garnet material
* 3 항 : (Re1-rSmr)3(Al1-sGas)5O12:Ce, 0 r 1, 0 s 1, Re = Y, Gd
1. Patent : US6069440 (2000, 5)
2. Priority : 1996, 7
3. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : Blue light 일부를 흡수할 수 있는 형광체
1. Patent : US6614179 (2003, 9) 2. Priority : 1996, 7
3. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : (Re1-rSmr)3(Al1-sGas)5O12:Ce, 0 r 1, 0 s 1, Re = Y, Gd
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Publication : US2004-135504 (2004,7)2. Priority : 2002, 33. * 형광체 자체가 1 항이며 , 연색성 증가위해 Red 성분의 보충을 갖는 형광체 조성
LxMyN(2/3x + 4/3y):R, LxMyOzN(2/3x + 4/3y – 2/3z):R
where, L = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn & M = Si (essential), C, Ge & R = Eu2+ (essential), RE * LED : below 500 nm Ph : 520 ~ 780 nm
NichiaNichia
1. Patent : JP3419280 (2003, 4)2. Priority : 1996, 113. * 365 nm LED 400 nm, Red Ph
* aMgO bLi2O Sb2O3 : cMn
dMgO eTiO2 : fMn
jCaO kMO TiO2 : iPr, M = Zn, Mg, Sr, Ba
1. Publication : JP1998-112557 (1998, 4)2. Priority : 1996, 10
3. * LED + (M,Eu,Q)O n(Al1-m,Bm)2O3, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn & 0 m 0.5 & 0.5 n 10
Q (co-activator) = Mn, Zr, Nb,… etc.
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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NichiaNichia
1. Publication : JP1999-046019 (1999,2)
2. Priority : 1997, 7
3. * Phosphor mounting by Ink jet method
JP : 2998696 (1999), 3036465 (2000), 2900928 (1999), 3065258 (2000)
JP Publication : 1998-154830, 1998-228249, 1998-233533, 1998-247750,
1999-199781
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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NichiaNichia
* YAG : (Y 1-p-q-r GdpCeqSmr)3(Al1-sGas)5O12
Gd
Gd
온도 특성 향상
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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NichiaNichia
* YAG : (Y 1-p-q GdpCeq)3(Al1-sGas)5O12
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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NichiaNichia
* YAG : (Y 1-p-q GdpCeq)3(Al1-sGas)5O12
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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NichiaNichia
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
When using YAG, low Ra at low CCT
For “High Ra” or “warm white” : new red phosphor ! (655 nm)
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NichiaNichia
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
High CRI – daylight white LED, using shorter YAG and red phosphor
3.2 V / 20 mA1.8 lm / 28.3 lm/W 4600 K (0.357/0.355)Ra = 76.2
3.3 V / 20 mA 1.67 lm / 28.3 lm/W 4670 K (0.355/0.361) Ra = 87.7
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NichiaNichia
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
High efficacy or CRI – warm white LED, using YAG and red phosphor
3.22 V / 20 mA1.49 lm / 23.1 lm/W 2810 K (0.451/0.408) Ra = 72.5
3.24 V / 20 mA 1.23 lm / 18.9 lm/W 2830 K (0.449/0.408) Ra = 87.5
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Light for 21C : Stanley/Mitsubishi/Kasei/Yamaguch Univ.Light for 21C : Stanley/Mitsubishi/Kasei/Yamaguch Univ.
* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Light for 21C : Stanley/Mitsubishi/Kasei/Yamaguch Univ.Light for 21C : Stanley/Mitsubishi/Kasei/Yamaguch Univ.
* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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SharpSharp
* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
CG : ~ 74 % of NTSC450 mcd at 4 V /40 mA
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1. Patent : US6351069 (2002,2) (family : US6680569)2. Priority : 1999, 23. * wavelength conversion : primary FL material, supplementary FL material (red)
* Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ + Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, Pr3+
* Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ + SrS:Eu2+
LumiledsLumileds
1. Patent : US6686691(2004,3)2. Priority : 1999, 93. * composition comprising a mixture of a 1st and a 2nd phosphor, each phosphor comprising a host sulfide material and rare earth dopant * Especially, Blue LED
* SrGa2S4:Eu2+ + SrS:Eu2+ + CaS:Eu2+
SrGa2S4:Ce3+ + SrS:Ce3+ + CaS:Ce3+
1. Patent : US6642618 (2003, 11)2. Priority : 2000, 12
3. * 5 항 : white light by sol-gel glass (SiO2) layer containing (Sr,Ba,Ca)Ga2S4:Eu2+ + SrS:Eu2+
1. Patent : US 6603258 (2003, 8)2. Priority : 2001, 43. * white light by LED (485 ~ 515nm) + (Sr,Ba,Ca)S:Eu2+ (600 ~ 620nm), 특히 SrS:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6084250 (2000,7) by Philips (Family : US6051925, JP 공개 2000-509912)2. Priority : 1997, 33. * 1 항 : UV (300 ~ 370 nm) + B Ph (430~490 nm) + G Ph ( 520~570 nm) + R Ph (590~630 nm)
* 6 항 : B Ph = BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+, G Ph = ZnS:Cu, R Ph = Y2O2S:Eu3+
* 7 항 : Organic phosphor (dye)
LumiledsLumileds
1. Patent : US6417019 (2002, 7)2. Priority : 2001, 4
3. * 1 항 : white light by LED (380 ~ 500nm) + (Sr,Mg,Ba,Ca)(Ga,Al,In)2S4:Eu2+ (490 ~ 610 nm)
* LED/Phosphor structure (encapsulation, mounting)
1. Patent : US6717353 (2004, 4)2. Priority : 2002, 103. * 1 항 : 1st WL converting material comprising Sr-SiON:Eu2+ (or YAG:Ce) emitting 2nd WL light * 2 항 : UV and Blue light = 1st WL light * 3 항 : Green = 2nd WL light * 4, 8 항 : Red Ph = 2nd WL converting material (using 2nd WL lght),
(Sr1–a–b–cBabCac)2Si5N8:aEu2+
Blue Ph = 3rd WL converting material (using 1st WL light),
(Sr1–a–xBax)3MgSi2O8:aEu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6501102 (2002, 12)2. Priority : 2002, 1 3. * 1 항 : LED (below 460 nm)
+ 2nd, 3rd WL light from YAG, (Y,Ln)AG, (Y,Ln)(Al,Ga)G, SrS, SrGa2S4, NitridoSilicate
* 2 항 : Ce3+, Eu2+ etc. * Phosphor powder layer, Phosphor thin film, Substrate for light emitting structure
LumiledsLumileds
1. Patent : US6650044 (2003, 11)2. Priority : 2000, 10 3. * Stencing method for phosphor layer
1. Patent : US6576488 (2003, 6)2. Priority : 2001, 6 3. * Electrophoretic method for conformal coating
1. Patent : US6645652 (2003, 11)2. Priority : 2001, 6 3. * Stencing, Electrophoresis method for phosphor layer
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6590235 (2003, 7) (Family : US6204523)
2. Priority : 1998, 11
3. * Encapsulating material (silicone) for UV LED
LumiledsLumileds
1. Patent : US5813752, US5813753 (1998,9)2. Priority : 1997, 5 3. * Enhanced efficiency by short wave pass filter between LEDs and phosphor layer (reflecting visible light from phosphor layer)
1. Patent : US5959316 (1999,9) (by HP)
2. Priority : 1998, 9
3. * Uniform phosphor layer on the hemisphere transparent spacer
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Lumileds - PhilipsLumileds - Philips
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Lumileds - PhilipsLumileds - Philips
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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LumiledsLumileds* Blue LED + Y Ph (YAG:Ce, YAG:Ce,Pr)
* Blue LED + G Ph (SrGa2S4:Eu2+) + R Ph (SrS:Eu2+)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Resistance to humidity ?Preventing coating ?LCD BLU ?
59/219
LumiledsLumileds
* Blue LED + Y Ph (YAG:Ce, YAG:Ce,Pr) + R Ph (CaS:Eu2+)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
For Illumination ?
60/219
Lumileds - PhilipsLumileds - Philips
*
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
61/219
Lumileds - PhilipsLumileds - Philips*
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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LumiledsLumileds
* UV LED + R, G, B Phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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LumiledsLumileds
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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LumiledsLumileds
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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SarnoffSarnoff* SrCaS:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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SarnoffSarnoff* SrCaS:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6066861 (2000, 5) (Family : US6245259, 6277301, 6576930, 6592780, 6613247)2. Priority : 1996, 93. * 1 항 : WL (from UV, Blue, Green) converting casting composition Resin (epoxy)
A3B5X12:M3+, A = Y, Ca, Sr & B = Al, Ga, Si & X = O, S & M = Ce, Tb
(YAG, Thiogallate, Orthosilicate) (not, Eu) size 20 m (d 5 m) * 7 항 : YAG:Ce
* 10 항 : Lighting emitting S.C. component = S.C. body (UV, Blue, green) + A3B5X12:M
Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
1. Patent : US6245259 (2001, 6)2. Priority : 1996, 93. * 1 항 : WL (from UV, Blue, Green) converting casting composition Resin (epoxy) Ce doped phosphors size 20 m (d 5 m) * 7 항 : YAG:Ce * 10 항 : Lighting emitting S.C. component = S.C. body (UV, Blue, green) + Ce doped phosphors * 15 항 : Yellow by Blue LED * 16 항 : Green, Red by Blue LED
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6277301 (2001, 8)2. Priority : 1996, 93. * 1 항 : WL (from UV, Blue, Green) converting casting composition Resin (epoxy) Ce doped phosphors, garnet doped with rare earth, thiogallates doped with rare earth, Aluminates doped rare earth, orthosilicates doped with rare earth tempering above 200 oC * 2 항 : size 20 m (d 5 m) * 11 항 ( 독 ) : White lighting emitting S.C. component = S.C. body (UV, Blue, green) + Ce doped phosphors(blue to yellow) with epoxy * 12 항 ( 독 ) : White lighting emitting S.C. component = S.C. body (UV, Blue, green) + garnet doped with rare earth, thiogallates doped with rare earth, aluminates doped rare earth, orthosilicates doped with rare earth (blue to green and red) with epoxy
Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6613247 (2003, 9)2. Priority : 1996, 93. * 1 항 : WL (from UV, Blue, Green) converting casting composition Resin (epoxy) garnet doped with rare earth, thiogallates doped with rare earth aluminates doped rare earth, orthosilicates doped with rare earth size 20 m (d 5 m) * 7 항 : YAG:Ce3+ phosphor * 12 항 ( 독 ) : White lighting emitting S.C. component = S.C. body (UV, Blue, green) + garnet doped with rare earth, thiogallates doped with rare earth, aluminates doped rare earth, orthosilicates doped with rare earth * 17 항 : White = Blue LED + yellow light by Ce doped phosphor * 18 항 : White = Blue LED + green and red light
Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
1. Patent : US6669866 (2003, 12) (Family : US6552487)2. Priority : 1999, 7
3. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : light source comprising emission from 420 to 490 nm and phosphor A3B5O12:Ce3+
A = Tb or one of Y, Gd, La, Lu & B = Al, Ga * 2 항 : Tb solely or predominantly (TAG)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6504179 (2003, 1)2. Priority : 2000, 53. * 1 항 : LED (300 ~ 470nm) + Eu activated calcium magnesium chlorosilicate (green phosphor) Ce activated rare earth garnet (yellow phosphor)
* 2 항 : Green (Ca8-x–yEuxMnyMg(SiO4)4Cl2)
* 3 항 : Yellow ((Re)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce, 특히 YAG:Ce or TAG:Ce)
* 4 항 : 특히 , LED (330~370 nm) + phosphors (430~470, 490~525, 545~590 nm) * 5 항 : 특히 , LED (430~470 nm) + phosphors (545~590, 490~525 nm)
Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
1. Patent : US 6649946 (2003, 11) (Family : US 6682663)2. Priority : 1999, 113. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : “Yellow to Red” emitting phosphor
MxSiyNz:Eu2+, M = La, Sr, Ba, Zn
* 8 항 : LED + phosphors * 9 항 : LED = 420~470nm
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6695982 (2004, 2)2. Priority : 2000, 63. * 1 항 : 형광체 제조 방법
AB2S4: D, A = Mg, Ca, Sr & B = Al, Ga, Y & D = Ce3+, Eu2+
Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
1. Publication : US2004-0124758 (2004, 7)2. Priority : 2000, 73. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : UV (370~420 nm) or Blue (420~480 nm) + MS:Eu2+ (M = Ba, Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr) containing one of Ba, Mg, Zn
+ MN2S4:Eu2+ or Ce3+ (M = Ba, Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr & N = Al, Ga, In, Y, La, Gd)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Osram Opto.Osram Opto.* Blue LED + Y Ph (TAG:Ce)
* Blue LED + Y,G Ph (Y(Al,Ga)G:Ce or TAG:Ce) + R Ph ((AE)2Si5N8:Eu2+)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Shorter YAG
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Osram Opto.Osram Opto.* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+ (~490 nm)SrAl12O19:Eu2+ (~520 nm)SrAl2O4:Eu2+ (~400 nm)
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Osram Opto.Osram Opto.
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
75/219
Osram Opto : SiemensOsram Opto : Siemens* YAG : (Y 1-p-q GdpCeq)3(Al1-sGas)5O12
GdGdGaGa
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Osram Opto : SiemensOsram Opto : Siemens* YAG : (Y 1-p-q GdpCeq)3(Al1-sGas)5O12
* f-d absorption or CT absorption
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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Osram Opto : SiemensOsram Opto : Siemens* Potential R, G, B, Y Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6765237 (2004, 7)2. Priority : 2003, 1
3. * 1 항 : 380~420nm LED + Blue Ph (BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+) + Y Ph ((Tb1–x–yAxREy)3DzO12)
A = Y, La, Gd, Sm & RE = Ce etc & D = Al, Ga, In
* 15 항 : B Ph = (Sr,Ba,Ca,Mg)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
1. Patent : US6501100 (2002, 12)2. Priority : 2000, 5 3. * 1 항 : UV LED (370~405 nm) + Ph 1 (570~620 nm) + Ph 2 (480~520 nm)
* Ph 1 = APO:Eu2+,Mn2+, A2P2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+, A = Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg
Ph 2 = A4D14O25:Eu2+, (AD)8O13:Eu2+, A10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+, A2Si3O8 ACl2:Eu2+
A = Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg & D = Al, Ga
1. Patent : US6580097 (2003, 6) (Family : US6252254, US6469322)2. Priority : 1998, 23. * 1 항 : Blue LED + Ph 1 + Ph 2
* G Ph 1 = YBO3:Ce3+,Tb3+, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Mn2+, (Sr,Ca,Ba)(Al,Ga)2s4:Eu2+,Y3Al5O12:Ce3+
* R Ph 2 = Y2O2S:Eu3+,Bi3+, YVO4:Eu3+,Bi3+, SrS:Eu2+, SrY2S4:Eu2+, CaLa2S4:Ce3+, (Ca,Sr)S:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6469322 (2002, 10)2. Priority : 1998, 2
3. * 1 항 : UV, Blue LED + Green Ph (LnBO3:Ce3+,Tb3+, Ln = Sc, Y, La, Gd, Lu)
* 9 항 : Blue Ph ((Ba,Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3Cl: Eu2+,Mn2+) 함유
* 10 항 : Red Ph 함유
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
1. Patent : US6685852 (2004, 2)2. Priority : 2001, 43. * 1 항 : UV LED (315~480nm, 바람직하게는 350~410nm) + 아래 Phosphor 가운데 2 종
(1) Sr2P2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+
(2) (Ba,Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH): Eu2+,Mn2+
(3) 3.5 MgO – 0.5 MgF2 – GeO2:Mn4+
(4) (Ba,Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3(Cl,OH): Eu2+
(5) (Ba,Sr,Ca)2MgAl16O27:Eu2+, (Ba,Sr,Ca)MgAl10O17:Eu2+, (Ba,Sr,Ca)Mg3Al14O25:Eu2+
(6) (5) 에서 Mn2+ 를 co-activator 로 사용
1. Patent : US6791259 (2004, 9)
2. Priority : 2000, 8
3. * Scattering material 사용 (between LED & Phosphor
material)
* size 는 /3~ /2
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6621211 (2003, 9)2. Priority : 2000, 53. * 1 항 : UV LED (360~420 nm)
(1) Ph = 575~620 nm : (Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg)PO:Eu2+,Mn2+, (Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg)2P2O7:Eu2+,Mn2+
(2) Ph = 495~550 nm : ASiO4:Eu2+, A2DSi2O7:Eu2+, AAl2O4:Eu2+, A = Sr, Ba, Ca & D = Mg, Zn
(3) Ph = 420~480 nm : Mg2Al16O27:Eu2+, (Sr,Ba,Ca)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+, Zn(Ba,Eu)O-6Al2O3,
BaAl12O19:Eu2+, KAl11O11:Eu2+
(4) Ph = 620~670 nm (optional): 3.5 MgO – 0.5 MgF2 – GeO2:Mn4+
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
1. Patent : US6616862 (2003, 9)2. Priority : 2001, 53. * Mn2+ 첨가로 red shift * UV LED (350~420 nm)
* 1 항 : (Ba,Sr,Ca,Mg)5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH):Eu2+,Mn2+ (orange color) Optionally, add blue phosphors
1. Patent : US6596195 (2003, 7)2. Priority : 2001, 6
3. * 1 항 ( 독 ) : 형광체를 claim, TAG, (Tb1–x–yAxREy)aDzO12, A = Y, La, Gd, Sm & D = Al,Ga * 38 항 ( 독 ) : LED + phosphor * 40 항 ( 독 ) : LED = 400~480 nm + phosphor
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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1. Patent : US6538371 (2003, 5)2. Priority : 2000, 33. * Blue LED + YAG:Ce3+
* 1 항 : System color output 을 향상시키는 방법 (CIE coord. 에서 BBL 과 line 의 상관관계 이용 )
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
1. Patent : US6522065 (2003, 2)2. Priority : 2000, 33. * 1 항 : UV LED + white phosphor
A2–2xNa1+xExD2V3O12, A = Ca, Ba, Sr, & D = Mg, Zn, & E = Eu3+, Sm3+
* (e.g.) 370 nm LED + Ca2–2xNa1+xEuxMg2V3O12
1. Patent : US6294800 (2001, 9) (Family: US6255670)2. Priority : 1998, 12
3. * 1 항 : Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+,Mn2+ 를 포함하는 조성
* 2 항 : 상기 G Ph 와 R, B Ph 를 포함하는 조성 * 3 항 : UV LED (330 ~420 nm, 특히 355~365 nm)
* 6 항 : G = Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+,Mn2+,
R = Y2O3:Eu3+,Bi3+,
B = (Sr,Ba,Ca)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+ or BaMg2Al16O27:Eu2+
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
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GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
{C}3[A]2(D)3
O12
dodecahedral site
octahedral site
tetrahedral site
Y3Al5O12
Ga prefers tetrahedral site to larger octahedral site.Expansion of structure. Replacement to Ga provides longer Ce3+ - O distance.Less crystal field. (centropoid shift, covalency ?) Blue shift of Em. & Ex. spectrum.
* Replacement to Ga brings about decrease of emission intensity.
83/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Al4Ga
1
Al1Ga
4
Al2Ga
3
Al3Ga
2
Al5
similar thermal quenching No emission at RT
crossover bet. d and f level
Photo-ionization
84/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Y3Al5O12(garnet)
Secondary phase due to solubility Quenching by energy transfer from Ce3+ to RE3+ Mainly, replacement to Gd (red shift) or Lu (blue shift).
replacement to Large RE3+
REAlO3(perovskite)
When replacement to Tb, f-d absorption of Tb3+ at 275 nm. (checking by excitation spectrum of Ce3+) Energy transfer from Tb3+ to Ce3+ (phonon assisted?) i.e., no quenching Red shift of both Em. And Ex. spectrum.
85/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Overlap with 5D4 level of Tb3+
Energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ (i.e., back transfer)
TAG : no change of Q.E. at RT significant change at high T
Patent : US6596195 (2003, 7)
Using TAG phosphors
86/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore* Blue or Near UV LED + Phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
For Illumination ? For BLU ?
87/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore* Near UV LED + Phosphors
or
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
What phosphor ?
?
Replace into B2O3?
88/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore* Near UV LED + R, G, B Ph
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
89/219
GE or GelcoreGE or Gelcore
* LED + white phosphor
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
?Activator ?
90/219
PhosphortechPhosphortech* Blue or UV LED + Phosphors
* Eg for ZnS : 3.7 eV (~335nm) for ZnSe : 2.7 eV (~460nm)
* Excitation (absorption) : bandgap absorption or absorption by activators (Cu,A)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
91/219
PhosphortechPhosphortech* Blue LED + Phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
CRI?
92/219
PhosphortechPhosphortech* UV LED + Phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
93/219
* 254 Hg emission AC no sulfide phosphor * LED CW : decay time (fast – recycling) ground state depletion high order effect (quenching) sulfide phosphor?
* B LED high I & high T : color change of pump change of excitation for ph (WL) change of emission from ph (Intensity) * UV LED better for phosphor development patent for phosphor better pump efficiency (n-UV) tri color phosphor (emulation) no involving in color mixing
* For UV LED Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ : 3.2 lm/W, Ra=68 vs. 2 lm/W, Ra=80 for YAG – APL 82, 683, 2003 Ca10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+ : UV to Ph, Blue from Ph, Blue to YAG – Jpn. JAP 41, L371, 2002 30 lm/W, Ra = 93 from B,Y,O phosphors – IDW 817, 2000 AE silicon-nitride material for life time : small stoke shift due to rigid lattice - Acta Cryst. C53, 1751, 1997 RE silicon-nitride, silicon oxy nitride coating for sulfide phosphor : life time
GIT, PhosphortechGIT, Phosphortech
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Review by C. Summers Review by C. Summers
N-UV or B LED?Peak WL?
94/219
* Lumileds : for Blue LED, STG and SS from 2000 (two phosphor) combinations
Ra > 90
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
GIT, PhosphortechGIT, PhosphortechReview by C. Summers Review by C. Summers
95/219
* for Blue LED, YAG was broadly used.
Q. When Ce was excess,
efficiency or peak shift?
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
GIT, PhosphortechGIT, PhosphortechReview by C. Summers Review by C. Summers
96/219
NIMS (Japan)NIMS (Japan)* Blue LED + Y Ph (Ca--SiAlON:Eu2+)
APL, V84, P5405, 2004
USP 6,776,927 (NIMS), USP 6657379 (Elektrische Gmbh)
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
97/219
SandiaSandia* UV LED + Nano phosphors
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
98/219
Temperature Temperature DependenceDependence
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
B LED Due to I increase : band filling
Phosphor : more sensitive upon T
99/219
Temperature Temperature DependenceDependence
4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application 4. Phosphors Claimed, Studied and Used in LED Application
Phosphor : more sensitive upon T The reason for this behavior ? several factors should be considered.