Periodic table

Tommy MaiPeriodic Table

Au/Gold

• It is the most malleable and ductile metal• Gold is usually alloyed in jewellery to give it

more strength• 1 ounce (28 g) of gold can be beaten out to

300 square feet• Two thirds of the world's supply comes from

South Africa

Fe/Iron

• Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe

• The pure metal is not often encountered in commerce

• The pure metal is very reactive chemically, and rapidly corrodes

• Iron metal is a silvery, lustrous metal which has important magnetic properties.

P/Phosphorus• It is an essential component of living systems and

is found in nervous tissue• Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid. When

pure, it is colorless and transparent• It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon

disulphide• It catches fire spontaneously in air, burning to

P4O10, often misnamed as phosphorus pentoxide

Ti/Titanium

• Titanium is a lustrous, white metal when pure• Titanium minerals are quite common• Titanium is resistant to dilute sulphuric and

hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, damp chlorine gas, and chloride solutions

• Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert

N/Nitrogen

• When nitrogen is heated, it combines directly with magnesium

• Nitrogen is a Group 15 element• Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere

by volume but the atmosphere of Mars contains less than 3% nitrogen

• Nitrogen is "fixed" from the atmosphere by bacteria in the roots of certain plants such as clover

S/Sulfur

• Jupiter's moon Io owes its colors to various forms of sulfur

• Sulphur (sulfur) is a pale yellow, odorless, brittle solid, which is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulphide

• Sulphur is essential to life• It is insidious in that it quickly deadens the

sense of smell

Li/Lithium

• Lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals".

• Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminium and magnesium for light-weight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine.

Ne/Neon

• Neon is a very inert element• Neon forms an unstable hydrate• In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows

reddish orange• Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is

the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents

Be/Beryllium

• Beryllium is a Group 2 (IIA) element• Its chemistry is dominated by its tendency to

lose an electron to form Be2+• As this ion is so small it is highly polarizing, to

the extent that its compounds are rather covalent

• Beryllium compounds are very toxic

Ca/Calcium

• Calcium as the element is a grey silvery metal• The metal is rather hard. Calcium is an

essential constituent of leaves, bones, teeth, and shells

• Calcium is classified chemically as one of the alkaline earth elements (that is, in Group 2 of the periodic table

U/Uranium

• Uranium is of great interest because of its application to nuclear power and nuclear weapons

• Uranium contamination is an emotive environmental problem

• It is not particularly rare and is more common than beryllium or tungsten for instance

H/Hydrogen

• Hydrogen is the lightest element• It is by far the most abundant element in the

universe and makes up about 90% of the universe by weight

• Hydrogen as water (H2O) is absolutely essential to life and it is present in all organic compounds

He/Helium

• Helium is one of the so-called noble gases• Helium gas is an unreactive, colorless, and

odorless monoatomic gas. Helium is available in pressurized tanks

• Helium is used in lighter than air balloons and while heavier than hydrogen, is far safer since helium does not burn

B/Boron

• Boron is a Group 13 element that has properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals (semimetallic).

• It is a semiconductor rather than a metallic conductor. Chemically it is closer to silicon than to aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium.

Xe/Xenon

• Xenon is a "noble" or "inert" gas present in the atmosphere to a small extent.

• Xenon is present in the Martian atmosphere to the extent of about 0.08 ppm

• Before 1962, it was generally assumed that xenon and other noble gases were unable to form compounds

Kr/Krypton

• Krypton is present in the air at about 1 ppm• It is characterized by its brilliant green and

orange spectral lines• The spectral lines of krypton are easily produced

and some are very sharp• In 1960 it was internationally agreed that the

fundamental unit of length, the metre, should be defined as 1 m = 1,650,763.73 wavelengths (in vacuo) of the orange-red line of Kr-33.

Na/Sodium

• Sodium is a Group 1 element (or IA in older labeling styles)

• Group 1 elements are often referred to as the "alkali metals“

• The chemistry of sodium is dominated by the +1 ion Na+

• Sodium salts impart a characteristic orange/yellow colour to flames and orange street lighting is orange because of the presence of sodium in the lamp.

K/Potassium

• Potassium is a metal and is the seventh most abundant and makes up about 1.5 % by weight of the earth's crust

• Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils.

• Potassium is never found free in nature, but is obtained by electrolysis of the chloride or hydroxide, much in the same manner as prepared by Davy

Ni/Nickel

• Nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals

• Iron meteorites, or siderites, may contain iron alloyed with from 5 to nearly 20% nickel

• The USA 5-cent coin (whose nickname is "nickel") contains just 25% nickel

Ra/Radium

• Pure metallic radium is brilliant white when freshly prepared, but blackens on exposure to air, probably due to formation of the nitride

• Radium emits α, β, and γ rays and when mixed with beryllium produces neutrons.

• Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other body disorders

Fr/Francium

• Francium occurs as a result of α disintegration of actinium

• Francium is found in uranium minerals, and can be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons

• The longest lived isotope, 223Fr, a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 22 minutes

Sr/Strontiumm

• Strontium does not occur as the free element.• Strontium is softer than calcium and

decomposes water more vigorously• Freshly cut strontium has a silvery

appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide

• The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air

V/Vanadium

• Pure vanadium is a greyish silvery metal, and is soft and ductile.

• It has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and salt waters

• The metal oxidizes readily above 660°C to form V2O5. Industrially, most vanadium produced is used as an additive to improve steels

Hg/Mercury

• Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures

• Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver• It rarely occurs free in nature and is found mainly

in cinnabar ore (HgS) in Spain and Italy• It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal• It is a rather poor conductor of heat as compared

with other metals but is a fair conductor of electricity

Lu/Lutetium

• Pure metallic lutetium has been isolated only in recent years and is one of the more difficult to prepare

• It can be prepared by the reduction of anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by an alkali or alkaline earth metal.

• The metal is silvery white and relatively stable in air