PEOPLE Project Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe · Alto do Pina Campolide Sao Beato Joao Sao Francisco Xavier Ajuda Alcantara Santa Maria de Belem Praceres Santo Condestavel

PEOPLE ProjectPEOPLE Project

Population Population

Exposure to Air Exposure to Air

Pollutants in Pollutants in EuropeEurope

Pascual Pérez Ballesta

Institute for Environment and Sustainability

DG Joint Research Centre

European Commission

The PEOPLE project (2002-2005) is coordinated by the Joint Research Centre with the aim of assessing the exposure

of citizens to air pollutants in different European cities

Assessment of human exposure to air pollutionAssessment of human exposure to air pollution

Comparison between European citiesComparison between European cities

Air monitoring network design and validationAir monitoring network design and validation

Support to local, national and European decision makingSupport to local, national and European decision making

Improving public awareness of air qualityImproving public awareness of air quality

Main Objectives of the PEOPLE Project

Participating cities and time schedule

Madrid Madrid -- 03 03 DecemberDecember 20032003

BrusselsBrussels --22 22 OctoberOctober 20022002

LisbonLisbon --22 22 OctoberOctober 20022002

Ljubljana Ljubljana -- 27 May 200327 May 2003

BucharestBucharest

DublinDublin -- 28 28 AprilApril 20042004

LISBON

LISBON

SMOKING

BAN

DUBLIN

Implementation of the PEOPLE projectOne-day sampling

Involvement of themedia:

TV, radio, newspapers

Awarenessraising

of citizens

High interest from Local Authorities

Planning of the exposure campaign

PRESSCONFERENCE

Communication media:TV, radio, newspaper,

InternetQuestionnaire Selection

of candidates

MEETING WITH VOLUNTEERS

Confirmation ofparticipants

WeekWeek11

Definition of Objectives

Selection of Sampling points:Indoor - Outdoor

Design of databaseand protocols

WeekWeek55

WeekWeek77

FINAL PRESS

CONFERENCE

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS

WeekWeek

99SAMPLING CAMPAIGN

Collection of samples

WeekWeek

88 Training ofvolunteers

DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLERS

Diffusive Sampling Techniques (Benzene and Aromatic Compounds)

Low Volume Samplersand Light scattering-type aerosol monitors

(PM10 and speciation: PAH, HM)

from 12 to 24 hours

Sampling Technique

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1/1/2

003

1/15/

2003

1/29/

2003

2/12/

2003

2/26/

2003

3/12/

2003

3/26/

2003

4/9/2

003

4/23/

2003

5/7/2

003

5/21/

2003

6/4/2

003

6/18/

2003

7/2/2

003

7/16/

2003

7/30/

2003

8/13/

2003

8/27/

2003

9/10/

2003

9/24/

2003

10/8

/2003

10/22

/200

311

/5/20

0311

/19/2

003

12/3

/2003

12/17

/200

312

/31/2

003

Rat

io:

Dai

ly/ A

nn

ual

ave

rag

e C

on

cen

trat

ion

Campaign day

Network monitoring data

Benzene

From one-day snapshot to annual average value

Carnide

Lumiar

Benfica

Sao Domingosde Benfica

CampoGrande

Santa Maria dos Olivais

Arneixoeira

Charneica

Sao JoaodeBrito

MarvilaAlvalade

NossaSenhora DeFatima

SaoJoao deDeus

Alto doPina

CampolideBeatoSao

Joao

SaoFranciscoXavier

Ajuda

Alcantara

Santa Mariade Belem

Praceres

SantoCondestavel

S. Sebastiaoda Pedreira

S. Jorge deArroios

SantaIsabel

SaoMamede

Lapa

S. Paolo

AnjosCoracaode Jesus

Santos-o-Velho

Graca

PenhadeFranca

Benzene Concentration µg/m3

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Ben

zen

rat

io w

ith

res

pec

t to

bac

kgro

un

d l

evel

Hotspot

HomeOffic

e

School

Shop

Restaur

ant

Bar

Taxis

BusMetr

o

`

Brussels Lisbon Bucharest Ljubljana Madrid Dublin

11

TRANSPORTTRANSPORT

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Ben

zen

e ra

tio

wit

h r

esp

ect

to b

ackg

rou

nd

lev

el

Hotspot

HomeOffic

e

School

Shop

Restaur

ant

Bar

Taxis

BusMetr

o

`


PUBLICPUBLICINDOORSINDOORS

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Ben

zene

rat

io w

ith r

espe

ct to

bac

kgro

und

leve

l

Hotspo

t

Home

Office

Schoo

lShop

Restau

rant Bar

Taxis BusMetro

`


PRIVATE INDOORSPRIVATE INDOORS

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Ben

zene

rat

io w

ith r

espe

ct to

bac

kgro

und

leve

l

Hotspo

t

Home

Office

Schoo

lShop

Restau

rant Bar

Taxis BusMetro

`


HOTSPOTHOTSPOT

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Ben

zen

e ra

tio

wit

h r

esp

ect

to b

ackg

rou

nd

lev

el

Hotspot

HomeOffic

e

School

Shop

Restaur

ant

Bar

Taxis

BusMetr

o

`


11

Outdoor and micro-environments

Human Exposure

Median 25%-75% Non-Outlier Range Control Group

ChildrenWalk er

MetroTrain

BusMix transport

Public TransportCar

Smoker

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24B

enze

ne, µ

g/m

3

Users of}

Benzene exposure levels in Madrid

Control Group

TransportCar users

Smokers

TRAVELLING INSIDE OUTSIDE SMOKINGOther Café Restau- Other Other Same

Walk Bus Train Metro * Home Work Bar Shops -rant * Street Park * Self room7 0 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

15 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍30 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍45 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

8 0 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍15 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍30 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍45 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

9 0 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍15 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍30 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍45 ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍ ❍

Movement Diary

• Simple one page diary with 6 questions

• Used to provide data and ensure sample integrity

• Sampler and diary are easy to use

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Exp

osu

re f

acto

r, µ

g/m

3 /ho

ur

Walk CarBus

TrainMetro

HomeWork Bar

Shops

Restaurant

other inside

Street

Smoking timepassive

Benzene (µg/m3/hour) Toluene (µg/m3/hour) Ethyl-benzene (µg/m3/hour) m,p-xylene (µg/m3/hour) o-xylene (µg/m3/hour)

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Exp

osu

re f

acto

r, µ

g/m

3 /ho

ur

Walk CarBus

TrainMetro

HomeWork Bar

Shops

Restaurant

other inside

Street

Smoking timepassive


STYLE OF LIVINGSTYLE OF LIVING

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Exp

osu

re f

acto

r, µ

g/m

3 /ho

ur

Walk CarBus

TrainMetro

HomeWork Bar

Shops

Restaurant

other inside

Street

Smoking timepassive


OUTDOORSOUTDOORS

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Exp

osu

re f

acto

r, µ

g/m

3 /ho

ur

Walk CarBus

TrainMetro

HomeWork Bar

Shops

Restaurant

other inside

Street

Smoking timepassive


INDOORSINDOORS

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Exp

osu

re f

acto

r, µ

g/m

3 /ho

ur

Walk CarBus

TrainMetro

HomeWork Bar

Shops

Restaurant

other inside

Street

Smoking timepassive


TRANSPORTTRANSPORT

Exposure factors in Madrid

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Average exposure level, µg/m3

Am

bien

t ai

r C

once

ntra

tion

, µg/

m3

Median city background level (Campaign day) Hot spots (Campaign day)

DUBLINLJUBLJANA

BRUSSELS

LISBON

MADRIDBUCHAREST

DUBLIN

LJUBLJANA

BRUSSELS

LISBON

MADRID

BUCHAREST

Exposure = 1.62 Background levelExposure = 1.62 Background levelExposure = 0.61 HotspotExposure = 0.61 Hotspot

Background levels and General ExposureCity Annual Exposure level (µg/m3)

for non-smoking commuting population

Brussels (2002) 5.1

Lisbon (2002) 6.1

Bucharest (2003) 12.9

Ljubljana (2003) 5.5

Madrid (2003) 5.1

Dublin (2004) 2.9

Further perspectives

• Assessment of ambient levels of particulatematter (PM), speciation and determination ofemission factors

• Level of PM in different micro-environments

• Evaluation of levels of exposure to PM and determination of exposure factors

0

10

20

30

40

50

60P

M10

, µg

/m3

City

Background

Hot Spot Office Home

(no-smoking)

Home

(smoking)

Human

Exposure

Madrid Madrid –– 0303--DecDec--0303AmbientAmbient airair levelslevelsDublinDublin –– 2828--AprilApril--0404

PM10 PM10 -- MicroenvironmentsMicroenvironments

LondonLondon, 14 Sep 05

, 14 Sep 05

FromFrom Heathrow

Heathrow toto Woodford

Woodford

Key conclusions

• Average exposure levels of the population are higher than outdoor background levels

• Hotspots and pollution in micro-environments affect your level of exposure

• Style of living is also a factor for exposure

People behind PEOPLE

•P. Pérez Ballesta, E. De Saeger, R. Field, A. Baeza, I. Nikolova, R. Connolly, R., N. Cao, M. Gerboles, D. Buzica for the Joint Research Centre

•R. Fernandez-Patier, D. Galán D, S. Garcia Dos Santos, J. Santamaria Ballesteros for Madrid

Pascal DeMulder and Sandrine Bladt for Brussels

• Ana Cabral, Pedro Ferraz de Abreu, Francisco Ferreira, Hugo Tente, Luisa Nogueira for Lisbon

•Matej Gregoric and Peter Otorepec for Ljubljana

•Emilia Niciu for Bucharest

•Martin Fitzpatrick, Anne Marie McCarten and Pat Goodman for Dublin

In Collaboration with•Institute for the Consumer, Presidency of the Council of Minsiters, Portugal

•Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, New University of Lisbon, Portugal

•Regional Administration of Environment and Land Use Planning for Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Ministry of Cities, Land Used Planning and Environment, Portugal

•City Department for Environment and Green Spaces, Lisbon Municipality, Portugal

•Public Health Regional Center for Lisbon and Tagus, V. Ministry of Health, Portugal

•QUERCUS National Association for the Conservation of Nature, Portugal

•Research Center on Information Technology and Participatory Democracy (CITDEP), Portugal

•Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia. Slovenia

•Institute of Public Health Bucharest. Ministry of Health. Romania

•Ministry of Environment and Water management. Romania

•Institute of Health Carlos III. Ministry for the Health of the Consumer. Spain

•Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland

• Dublin City Council, Ireland

•St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

Documents

PEOPLE Project Population Exposure to Air Pollutants in Europe · Alto do Pina Campolide Sao Beato Joao Sao Francisco Xavier Ajuda Alcantara Santa Maria de Belem Praceres Santo Condestavel