PEMFC activities at DTU Energy Conversion

DTU Energy Conversion Technical University of Denmark

PEMFC activities at

DTU Energy Conversion

Jens Oluf Jensen Proton Conductors Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Kemitorvet 207 Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark [email protected]

J.O. Jensen – at KDFuelCell workshop, November 18-19. Seoul, Korea, 2013



Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Founded in 1829 by H.C. Ørsted From 1962 to 1974, DTU moved to its current location in Lyngby • Employees: ca. 4800 • Students: ca. 9300

Copenhagen

Lyngby Campus



Risø (Risoe) 1958 Founded in by Niels Bohr and others as a nuclear research institution. 1985 Nuclear power officially given up Risø becomes Research Centre Risø 2007 Risø becomes part of DTU Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy ca. 700 employees 2012 DTU Energy Conversion is formed: 90% Risoe + 10% Lyngby Ca. 230 employees

Niels Bohr


Technologies • Solid oxide fuel cells • High-temperature PEM fuel cells • Electrolysis • Polymer solar cells • Batteries • Solid state storage of hydrogen and ammonia • Membranes for oxygen or hydrogen separation • Magnetic refrigeration • Thermoelectric components • Flue gas purification using electrochemical cells • Superconducting components



HT-PEM Fuel Cells

Electrolyzers

CVD

Inorg. Proton Conductors


Section Proton Conductors

N

N

N

Nn

HH



Polymer chemistry (PBI)

NH

N

NH

N nmeta

NH

N

NH

N npara

NH

N

NH

N

N

N

NH

N n

S

O

Osulfone-PB)

NH

N

NH

N

N

N

NH

N n

CF3

CF3hexafluoro-PBI

NH

N

NH

N nHydroxyl Pyridine PBI

N

OH

N

NH

N

HN

*

HOOC S

O

O

COOH

H2N

H2N NH2

NH2

HOOC COOHm+n m n+ +

PPAAr200oC

m n

N

NH

N

HN

S

O

O

Varying molecular weight

Co-polymers

Crosslinking

Blends (ionical X-link)

+ PBI



Benicewicz et al. (2005)

Savinell et al. (2004)

Preparation of PBI membranes N

N

N

N n

HHNH2

NH2

H2N

H2N

+ COOHHOOCin PPA

170-200°C+ 4H2O



Electro spinning of PBI



Fuel cell catalysts



Non-noble Fe3C catalyst for ORR

High temperaure/pressure reaction

Yang Hu et al. submitted



Electrodes and cells Ultrasonic spray robot

Test cells



Ion milling

Scalpel Ion milled



Durability testing

12 + 12 + 6 = 30 channels



Latest performance with direct DME

Volta

ge (V

)

Pow

er d

ensi

ty (m

W/c

m2 )

Current density (mA/cm2)

Cell: 25 cm2, Membrane: 40 μm before doping Anode: 40% PtRu/C (JM), 4.2 mgPtRu/cm², DME/Water 1:3 Cathode: 1.0 mgPt/cm² air at ambient pressure.

200°C. 80 mW/cm2 0.77 V

Anto

n Va

ssilie

v

J. O

. Jen

sen

et a

l. J.

Pow

er S

ourc

es 2

11 1

73-1

76 (2

012)



HT-PEM electrolysis – a sister to HT-PEMFC? • Membranes • Electrodes • Channel plates • Testing

Ta by CVD: Chemical Vapour Deposition 2TaCl5 (g) + 5H2(g) → 2Ta + 10HCl(g) ↑

M. K

. Han

sen

et a

l.

Int.

J. H

ydro

gen

Ene

rgy

37

1099

2-11

000

(201

2)


Steam electrolysis, PFSA membrane


1,001,101,201,301,401,501,601,701,801,90

0 200 400 600 800 1000120014001600180020002200

Volta

ge [V

]

Current density [mA/cm2]

1,20

1,30

1,40

1,50

1,60

1,70

1,80

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Pote

ntia

l [V]

Current density [mA cm-2]

iTN E500 mA 150 mA/cm2 1.625 V

iTN E500 mA 142 mA/cm2 1.573 V

130ºC

120ºC

Ambient pressure, PFSA membrane (Aquivion) doped with H3PO4

Pressure: 3 bara, PFSA membrane (Aquivion)

M. K

. Han

sen

et a

l.

Int.

J. H

ydro

gen

Ene

rgy

37

1099

2-11

000

(201

2)



Alkaline electrolysis

Membranes (exchange/porous)

Catalysts (metal oxides)

Electrodes

Cells



Inorganic Phosphate Electrolytes (200-400°C) Fundamental research

Conductivity

Non-noble catalysts

Test cells

NdxBa1-xP5O14 CeP5O14 NdxSr1-xP5O14



The Danish PEMFC family

DTU Physics

The value chain

http://aau.dk/

http://www.sp-group.dk/forside



Proton Conductors

Seniors Scientists/Post docs

Technicians Assistants

PhDs



Acknowledgements

The energy crisis

http://dg.dk/en/

Documents

PEMFC activities at DTU Energy Conversion