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Peace and Security, Democratisation and
Regional Economic Integration in Africa,
2015 -2016 (Phase Three)
Programme Document
14 July, 2014
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Peace and Security, Democratisation and Regional Economic Integration in Africa, 2015 -
2016 (Phase Three)
Programme Support Document
1. Thematic and Regional Context
The Programme rationale derives from the recognition that the development of a stable and
prosperous Africa, which can reduce poverty and create jobs and spur growth, requires
multiple, cohesive and long term efforts especially in improving human security, promoting
democracy and human rights, and economic integration. The programme is designed to the
regional context of a continent characterized by continued – but uneven - growth and
development.
Unfortunately, parts of Africa are still marred by conflict, poverty and fragile states. Conflict
prevention, poverty reduction and promotion of human rights, peace and democracy
therefore remains highly important to focus on, on the continent as a whole. Also in the
countries that currently experience high growth rates there is a need to address these
issues, as ressources and rigths are not distributed equally, which gives rise to concerns
about stability and sustainability in the long term.
Africa is, however, also increasingly viewed as a continent of interesting growth markets
and of partners in trade and politics. To create opportunites for sustainable growth, there is
a growing awareness among African states, that increased regional economic integration is
necessary. Regional economic integration is currently high on the African agenda and a
salient topic with national governments, the REC’s and AU. The most recent AU summit har
reiterated its intention to establish a continental wide free trade area to pave the way for
job creation and growth.
Challenges – and opportunities - are many and diverse. This programme will provide quality
research, awareness rasing, information and training of political decisionmakers, civil
society organisations and other relevant national and regional stakeholders, and thus
contribute to building the necessary capacity for the continent to manage these challenges,
and harness the opportunities. The regional context also means that risks are inherent in
the programme at different levels; inertia; political obstruction; lack of access. The selected
partners are however experienced in dealing with the sometimes controversial issues at
hand and have good networks and access to decisionmakers in the region.
The thematic focus of the third phase of the Programme for 2015 – 2016 remains “Peace
and Security, Democratisation and Economic Integration” with two primary thematic
objectives having been identified, namely
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Strengthening of the African capacity to manage conflicts, reduce poverty and
promote peace, democracy and human rights in the region
Strengthening of the African capacity to promote regional economic integration
through trade facilitations initiatives and other policy measures.
The programme contributes to the implementation of Denmark’s Development Co-
operation policy enshrined in the document “The Right to a Better Life” (June 2012), and
highlights Denmark’s commitment to “fighting poverty, promoting human rights and
stimulating growth”. The programme is furthermore in support of the policy document
“Denmark – South Africa - Partnerships for the Future”, which highlights the strategic
position of South Africa as one of the continent's principal political and economic driver of
change, and outlines Denmarks wish to strengthen the partnership with South Africa on
policy, human rights and commercially. Last but not least, the programme, with its focus on
regional economic integration, underscores the recent government strategy for export
promotion and economic diplomacy, and supports the initiative of ‘Oppportunity Africa’.
2. Presentation of Programme
The Third Phase of the Programme on Peace and Security, Democratisation and Regional
Economic Integration in Africa will run from 2015 – 2016, and has been designed in line
with recommendations from both the 2010 – 2012 and 2013 – 2014 reviews. In order to
achieve the thematic objectives, the design of the programme is divided into two key
components, each with specific objectives:
Component One: Peace and Security, Democratisation and Human Rights
o Strengthening of the African capacity to manage conflicts, reduce poverty
and promote peace, democracy and human rights in the region
o Build up African knowledge and expertise on peace and conflicts on the
continent, including increased capacity to implement UNSCR 1325 and
UNSCR 1825 to promote women’s capacity to contribute substantively to
peace-making.
Component 1 supports that peace and security, democratisation and human rights issues
are prioritised in policy formulation and decision-making, and will provide strengthened
capacity supporting sustainable peace, including through attention to key justice and
reconciliation issues.
The four partners involved in this component (the Centre for Conflict Resolution, the
Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, the South Africa Institute for International Affairs,
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and the Institute for Security Studies) are each recognised leaders in their fields1 and will
provide complementary inputs at both the policy and ground level.
While these inputs respond directly to the African agenda on peace and security and
democratisation being championed by the African Union, they also support South Africa's
important role as an actor in governance issues, conflict prevention, management and
resolution at the regional and continental level.
Component Two: Regional Economic Integration
o Strengthening of the African capacity to promote regional economic
integration through trade facilitation initiatives and other policy measures.
o Increase capacity amongst key public officials and decision-makers to
implement RECs trade protocols and increase knowledge of policy
instruments to promote regional economic integration.
Component 2 supports strengthened regional capacity relating to regional economic
integration on the continent. It prioritises training, especially of government officials, since
they play an important role in shaping the regional integration agenda through their input
into policy decisions at national and regional level. However, there is also a strong element
of direct policy advice and capacity building, as well as private sector involvement, all of
which is in increasing demand as governments and regional organisations respond to the
technicalities of the new trade agenda. The two partners involved in this component are the
South African Institute for International Affairs and the Trade Law Centre for Southern
Africa. Through promoting stronger economic integration, and contributing to improving the
trade and investment framework, this component will also complement Danish commercial
cooperation with South Africa and the wider region.
2.1. Development engagement partners
The two components and their objectives have guided the selection of the five engagement
partners, (details in Appendix 1), all of whom have proven their ability to deliver outcomes
in these areas. The five partners chosen are:
Institute for Security Studies (ISS)
South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA)
Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR)
Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR)
tralac (Trade and Law Centre)
- SAIIA, CCR and ISS were all rated top ten leading think tank in Sub-Saharan Africa by the think tanks and civil societies
programme in 2013 published by University of Pennsylvania, US.
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Each of the partners has a long term association with the Royal Danish Embassy and have
proven track records in relation to the objectives of the programme. They will each receive
core funding as the most effective and efficient way to leverage their activities as a whole in
relation to the Ministry’s overall Development Cooperation Strategy. Each of the partners
has a broad funding base, which includes other Nordic donors which is an added advantage,
allowing for policy and programme cooperation.
The programme recognises that an important source of contributions to the agenda of
peace, security, democratisation and regional economic integration, is to be found amongst
South Africa-based applied research organisations, many of which are widely regarded as
being of world-class in terms of the quality of their products and services. In the selection
process five quality criteria were applied to these engagement partners, namely, relevance,
impact, sustainability, effectiveness and efficiency. A full description of how each
organisation meets the criteria is attached as Appendix 1.
The programme partners work regionally and continentally with networks all over Africa,
including the AU and regional organisations as well as national governments and
communities. The programme therefore feeds into the broader regional and continental
agenda, and will positively influence the wider political, security, and socio-economic
environment in Africa, with a special view to the regional centres of power such as Nigeria,
Ghana, South Africa and Kenya.
The fact that partners are based in South Africa means that the programme can also take
advantage of the principal political and economic role of South Africa on the continent.
South Africa combines regional and international responsibilities, including within the
African Union, NEPAD, United Nations and amongst fora that are developing with emerging
powers with global influence, such as G20 and the BRICS. By supporting the work of the five
selected partners, Denmark will therefore also contribute towards a strong and informed
South African leadership capable of exercising its national, regional, continental and
international roles.
For the third phase of the programme, the funding has been increased from 20 mio. DKK to
30 mio DKK. The proposed increase will be distributed to all except IJR. All partners except
IJR has provided strategy papers that establishes their individual ability to absorb extra
funding cf. Appendix 1.
The additional funding has been focused primarily on component 2, where interventions are
in support of the increasing awareness of the importance of and movement towards
increased regional economic integration. Tralac will be especially favoured in this process as
this partner is about to embark on a multi-annual strategy to address regional economic
integration issues, in a continental perspective.
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The increased focus on and support to the regional economic integration agenda
furthermore underscores Denmarks wish to contribute to job creation and growth in South
Africa and the wider region, which is important in the strengthening of Denmarks political
and commercial relations with partners on the continent.
This is furthermore an area which, if developed, can contribute to Danish commercial
strategies for improvement of the market conditions in Africa. The engagement can also be
seen to contribute to Danish economic diplomacy efforts and can assist in strengthening
important public-private sector networks in the region.
2.2. Outcome indicators
In addition the engagement activities meet selected strategic considerations for each of
the two components as shown in the table following:
Component One: Security, Democratisation and Human Rights :
OUTCOME ORGANISATION
ISS SAIIA CCR IJR
Promotion of
peace
Regular peace
and security
briefings to UN
and African
peace units
Regular updates
and briefings
assist to mitigate
against war and
violence
Promoting peace
through
dialogue,
roundtable
discussions and
research
documents
Training for
African armed
forces to uphold
the rights of
people in war
affected
countries and
regions
IJR provides
training and
dialogue building
as a leading
authority on
peace and
reconciliation in
Africa
Security Regular security
briefings to
continental
stakeholders
Exploring the
nexus between
security and
resources with
particular
reference to
mining on the
continent
Through
research and
document
circulation to
key opinion
makers ensuring
a focus on peace
building and
security in post
colonial Africa
Promotion of
peace and
reconciliation via
training and
publications
which impact on
human security
Democratisation/
Human Rights
Training to
armed forces in
Africa to uphold
Human Rights
Using
membership of
high profile
bodies to focus
attention on
Regular expose
of government
failure to uphold
security of
citizens, for
The human
rights focus of
the organisation
will impact on
human rights in
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OUTCOME ORGANISATION
ISS SAIIA CCR IJR
Human Rights example
Goodluck
Jonathan slow
response to
Boko Haram
Burundi, DRC,
South Sudan and
other target
countries
Component Two : Regional Economic Integration
OUTCOME ORGANISATION
Tralac SAIIA
Increased
Economic
Integration
More information and better quality
information on trade-related
developments in the region.
Enhancing dialogues to enable fair
trade
Applied policy and legal analysis on
emerging trade issues. Use of trade
policy analysis by government officials
and other trade experts.
Convene roundtable discussions on
trade issues with regional and global
actors
Training programmes that focus
specifically on the needs of countries
in the region; incorporating local
knowledge. Requests for specific
training courses to be developed and
presented. More trained trade policy
makers, officials, experts (larger pool
of trade policy expertise in the
region).
Provide training and seminars to
enhance knowledge and skills of
regional officials
Active and informed debate on trade
policy issues. Broader engagement on
trade policy issues (including new
interest groups such as consumer
organizations and industry
associations).
Interact at continental and
international level with BRICS, WTO,
SADC, and regional FTAs.
It should be noted that the programme is firmly rooted in the partner organisations
own strategic plans, and outcome indicators for these activities are all contained in
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each individual organisations documentation. All five organisations have increased their
monitoring and evaluation capacity and link activities to indicators.
Key engagement indicators are described in the Results Framework attached as
Appendix 2.
2.3. Summary of risk assessment
The main risk factor related to the programme is whether or not there will continue to
be a space for think tanks such as the programme partners to contribute to the policy
processes on the continent.
The risk is mitigated by the longstanding relationships that most – if not all - of the five
think tanks have with key officials in the AU, SADC, ECOWAS, etc, as well as the
governments of key African countries. In addition, the partner organisations have
internal risk management as a key aspect of their strategies.
All of the programme partners have designed engagements which both recognise and
mitigate against these risks. Each partner organisation is led and staffed by
experienced and highly skilled researchers, academics and practitioners, some of whom
have a long association with the South African journey to democracy and who are
politically well connected and have the confidence of highly placed individuals on the
continent all of which will all assist to mitigate risk.
A full risk analysis is included as Appendix 3.
3. Overview of Management at Programme Level:
The Danish Embassy in Pretoria will have overall responsibility for the monitoring of the
programme as per Danida policies and strategies. As recommended in previous
assessments the Embassy will also maintain dialogue with like minded donors to discuss
overall priorities , focus areas and working modalities. It is of great benefit that all of
these engagement partners are funded in part by the Nordic and other likeminded
donors.
The five partners will all implement their particular parts of the overall programme as
specified in their funding agreements. In addition the management of the five partners
in this programme are highly competent and have experienced, senior staff with long
term records for management proficiency, integrity and ethics. The partner
organisations report on the implementation of their individual strategies and work plans
through annual reports and their accounts are audited annually in accordance with
accepted international standards for auditing. The accounts must reflect final balances
and any balance accrued in terms of interest must be paid back to the donor.
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Each partner has an established well regarded Board who meet regularly and oversee
the work of the organisations. All are established as non-profits under South African
legislation.
The five engagement partners hold regular meetings with their main funders in which
representatives of the Danish Embassy take part, and where work plans and priorities
are discussed. In the donor circle – especially within the Nordic group – there are efforts
taken to promote harmonization of the funding with a view to lessen the burden placed
upon the partners with regards to reporting etc.
4. The Programme Budget:
Implementing Partner 2013/2014 2015/2016
ISS DKK 6.7m DKK 8.5m
SAIIA DKK 4.1m DKK 5.7m
CCR DKK 3.7m DKK 4.5m
IJR DKK 2.6m DKK 2.0m
Tralac DKK 2.6m DKK 9.0m
TA/Review DKK 0.3m DKK 0.3m
TOTAL DKK 20m DKK 30m
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Appendix 1 : Partner Description
In the following is 1) a description of each partner organisations and their strategic activities
under phase III and 2) a description of special focus areas in light of increased funding, if
applicable.
1) Institute for Security Studies: (ISS)
ISS is an established think-tank, a teaching and training institution and an implementation
partner with regional offices in South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya and Senegal. It cooperates closely
with the AU, RECs, SARPCCO (Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Cooperation
Organisation), national governments as well as a range of non-state organisations. ISS’s strategy
defines the planned work for ISS 2012-2015 and is in accordance with the objective of the
component.
ISS strategic activities under phase III include:
Advancing democratic governance and reducing corruption, through applied research
and analysis, advisory services on policies and legislation, technical support and training
of a range of government and non-state partners. Thematic areas are: a) Democracy in
action, b) building transparent and accountable institutions and d) long term governance
planning.
Conflict prevention and improved risk analysis: Activities include production of the
monthly AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) Reports, as well as work with AU, with
government partners and African and international diplomatic community and CSOs in
the areas of: a) Risk analyses, b) Early warning and conflict analyses, c) Technical
assistance to national and regional policy-makers on conflict prevention and d) Foreign
policy analysis in selected African countries as related to conflict and risk analysis.
Effective conflict management and Peace building: Activities include pre-deployment
peacekeeping training for police, training on how to communicate humanitarian
emergencies; gender and capacity build to include CSOs, plus policy formulation,
research and analysis. Thematic areas: a) Conflict resolution and peace building, b)
Training for peace, c) Security sector reform and governance, and d) Gender, peace and
security.
Combating transnational threats and international crimes. Activities include research and
analysis, technical assistance, networking, advocacy and training support. Thematic
areas: a) International criminal justice and counter-terrorism, b) Arms control,
disarmament, non-proliferation and armed violence reduction, and c) Emerging
transnational threats and crimes in Africa.
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Reduction of crime and improved justice. Activities include: Generate information and
analysis on crime, disseminate findings, and provide training and TA to state and non-
state actors. Thematic areas: a) (Violent) crime research b) Functioning and performance
of national criminal justice systems and c) Promotion of community safety.
With increased funding in phase III, the ISS plans a specific focus on the following:
Despite being regarded as one of the more stable regions in Africa, the Southern African
Development Community (SADC) continues to face a number of daunting security, human
rights and development challenges. Stability is not being translated into sustainable development
and equitable growth. Notwithstanding regular elections in many of the SADC member states,
key development indicators show little progress on the Human Development Index and civil
liberties have declined significantly in the past five years. Strategically the ISS advocates for two
responses to these challenges and has therefore developed a multi-faceted project. The first
component of this project will focus on monitoring and supporting the implementation of key
SADC instruments on human security. The second will develop workable scenarios and
recommendations to improve regional economic cooperation and integration in the region,
working with national governments where possible.
2) South African Institute of International Affairs: (SAIIA)
SAIIA is hosted by the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg and in 2014 celebrates its
80 year anniversary as an independent non-governmental research think-tank. SAIIA is governed
by an independent council whose members represent the Institute’s branches around South
Africa as well as senior figures in business and civil society. SAIIA’s “Results Framework 2014”
will be the basis for the Danish support to SAIIA for 2015 and 2016.
SAIIA strategic activities under phase III include:
Support evidence-based African policy-making focused on the long-term sustainability
and development of the continent by leveraging the growing engagement of the BRICS
and other great powers in Africa within the framework of new emerging North-South
and South-South dialogues.
Strengthen governance, stability and accountability in Africa within the framework of the
emerging African governance architecture and the African Peer Review Mechanism.
Enhance African natural resource governance with a specific focus on the nexus between
good governance and sustainable, people-centred development.
Contribute to peace and security in Africa by focusing on the role of key African Driver
states and smaller significant states in sub-regional and continental initiatives and
specifically South Africa’s role as a regional norm setter.
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Contribute to regional integration, trade and economic sustainability in Africa through
improved economic diplomacy.
SAIIA will conduct evidence-based policy research, stimulating informed public debate, and
building leadership and research excellence in Africa. The activities will include; Making input
into policy development locally and internationally; Undertaking research on current issues of
importance to Africa generally and to South Africa specifically; Developing linkages and joint
programmes with international organizations and agencies throughout the world; Maintaining a
resource centre and reference library (that is a United Nations depository as well as a World
Bank Development Information Centre) for students and scholars of international relations;
Organizing conferences, seminars and speakers’ meetings on a wide range of topics addressed by
prominent South Africans and distinguished international guests; Encouraging an interest in
international relations among the youth through a leadership programme for postgraduate
interns and its various outreach programmes for university students and high school learners.
With increased funding in phase III, SAIIA plans a specific focus on the following:
Pillar 1: The articulation of Human Rights in South Africa’s Foreign Policy
This work will investigate South Africa’s ambiguous position on human rights in its foreign
policy with specific reference to Africa at a time when the space for policy engagement by civil
society on democracy and human rights concerns is narrowing. This research will explore various
aspects of how human rights are expressed in South Africa’s foreign policy, particularly in
relation to (but not exclusively) its engagement in the UN Human Rights Council within the
Africa block, the AU, ICC and SADC. Can the apparent ambiguity of South Africa’s position in
global human rights fora be reconciled with its own normative constitutional framework?
In addition, this work will explore whether there is room for a Southern consensus on the
articulation of human rights in the foreign policies of a rising group of emerging democracies -
looking specifically at how their positions complement or diverge from those of South Africa
and what that might mean for the trajectory of a global human rights regime against the
background of geopolitical power shifts. The countries to be covered include India, Brazil, South
Africa, Indonesia and Turkey.
Pillar 2: The role of investment policy in regional integration: The case of select SADC countries
and South Africa: This work will assess the implications of the current review of South Africa’s
investment regime for SADC’s Finance and Investment Protocol (FIP) given that certain of the
provisions in the current South African draft bill are in conflict with the FIP, alongside an
assessment of the national investment frameworks of key countries in the region. (SAIIA intends
to consider the national investment frameworks of Botswana, Namibia, Mozambique and
Angola.)
3) Centre for Conflict Resolution: (CCR)
CCR was created by the University of Cape Town as an independent, non-governmental think-
tank. CCR will in accordance with its Strategy Document for 2012-16 contribute to the objective
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of enhanced regional and continental capacity to promote peace and security by providing policy
research, training and capacity building of relevant African actors.
CCR strategic activities under phase III include:
Capacity-building interventions
Providing training and policy development support to strengthen the capacity of civil society groups, national institutions, and regional organisations in Africa such as the AU, SADC, ECOWAS, ECCAS, and IGAD, as well as UN and EU offices in Africa.
Informing and participating in national and regional peace initiatives.
Equipping and empowering key individuals and groups with the skills to manage community, political, and social conflict, and instituting sustainable Alternative Dispute Resolution systems in these organisations.
Developing capacity through teaching at, and recruiting two interns a year from, the University of Cape Town, the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and other South African educational institutions, to help to train the next generation of South Africans – particularly black scholars from historically-disadvantaged backgrounds – in the theory and practice of conflict management.
Contributing to efforts to strengthen Africa’s capacity to combat HIV/AIDS more effectively through a focus on human and military security involving policy research and training.
Knowledge production and dissemination
Assessing Africa’s security, political, and economic relations with key external actors such as the EU, the United States (US), and China.
Disseminating the results of the Centre’s training, policy seminars, and research to key stakeholders both within and outside Africa.
Critically analysing Southern Africa’s political, socio-economic, and foreign policy challenges nearly two decades after South Africa’s first democratic election.
Working with key South African government departments and its Cape Town-based Parliament on policy development by involving policymakers in CCR’s policy seminars and public dialogues, and through disseminating policy findings to these departments, as well as to parliamentary foreign policy and defence portfolio committees.
Promoting an understanding of conflict and violence as well as public awareness of the value and practice of constructive conflict resolution through public events and research.
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With increased funding in phase III, CCR plans a specific focus on the following:
I. Regional Economic Integration
a. South Africa in Southern Africa
The Centre will hold a two-day policy advisory group seminar on regional integration in
Southern Africa which will seek to explore and enhance the potential leadership role that South
Africa can play in promoting peace and security, as well as regional integration and development
in Southern Africa, centred around its engagement with international organisations such as the
Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Southern African Customs Union
(SACU).
b. Region-Building and Regional Integration
CCR held a policy research seminar on region-building and regional integration in April 2014
which built on its decade-long work related to strengthening region-building and regional
integration efforts in Africa. A report and policy brief from the meeting will be produced and
disseminated through launches in South Africa; at the African Union (AU) in Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia; and in Nairobi, Kenya, targeting the Intergovernmental Authority on Development
(IGAD) and the East African Community (EAC). A 16-chapter book will also be produced from
this project.
II. Human Rights
c. Enhancing the Capacity of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) in the SADC
Region to Promote Human Rights and Democratic Governance
CCR aims to implement a regional training project to enhance the capacities of national human
rights institutions in the SADC region to promote human rights, conflict resolution,
peacebuilding, and gender equality. Activities will include: six capacity-building workshops; three
regional workshops to share best practices; 15 impact-deepening and follow-up visits to NHRIs;
and a public dialogue which will explore human rights, gender, and governance challenges in the
region.
d. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Southern and East Africa
CCR seeks to contribute to the promotion and protection of human rights in Southern and East
Africa through strengthening the capacity of human rights organisations, defenders, and
community-based women’s groups to address and resolve conflicts, including those related to
rights violations, in their respective contexts. Activities will include: four capacity-building
workshops; one workshop to share best practices; four needs-assessment visits; and eight
impact-deepening visits to countries of focus.
4) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation: (IJR)
The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) was created on the foundation of the
experiences of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in order to continue the reconciliation
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work in South Africa and use the experiences in other African countries. While IJR also
produces some practical research, IJR’s focus is on assisting in applying peacebuilding and
reconciliation and advising and training actors in this. The support will be provided to assist IJR
in implementing its “Five Year Strategy 2012-2016”.
IJR strategic activities under phase III include
Justice and reconciliation in Africa Programme. IJR will work with strategic partners at
the national level, including governments and national civil society formations, in
attempts to strengthen research and comparative analysis, produce knowledge in justice
and reconciliation through fellowship programmes, develop training manuals and
promote on-going dialogue between divided communities in countries experiencing on-
going conflict or in the process of political transition.
Policy and Analysis Programme. The IJR implements its broader vision by conducting
primary research and analysis and producing insights into the different social, economic,
and political environments within which it works. This programme results in The
Reconciliation Barometer project, which is an annual national survey-based public
opinion project, which measures citizens attitudes concerning reconciliation in post-
apartheid South Africa, the Inclusive Economies Project, which is a tool to measure the
extent to which economic security impacts on reconciliation processes in post-conflict
societies, as well as the creation of continental measurement indicators to be used in
Africa.
Building Inclusive Societies Programme. The IJR will attempt to promote communities
that are at peace with themselves, as well as those around them, as a key objective – and
to feed insights and lessons in this regard to key stakeholders, such as colleagues in other
IJR programmes, but also to external stakeholders within and beyond the national policy
environment. Specifically, the IJR will identify approximately four areas in South Africa
and use four approaches to build a better society here: (1) exploring the use of oral
history as a tool for reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa, in order to assist youth
in integrating insights into a troubled past, with present challenges and future aspirations,
by building the oral history research capacity of educators, (2) implement youth programs
equipping learners with the necessary skills to assert themselves within the spheres that
directly affect themselves, (3) implement community healing initiatives in order to draw
community leaders from key sectors such as religion, sports and civic structures into a
conversation about inclusive practices in the implementation of development, and (4)
implement memory, arts and culture initiatives to promote the use of art and culture to
break down some of the most resilient barriers which continue to divide society.
5) Tralac: (Trade and Law Centre)
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Tralac - a public benefit organisation, established in 2002 - is a capacity-building organisation
developing trade-related capacity in east and southern Africa. Adopting an inter-disciplinary
approach, Tralac aims to enhance the trade law and policy capacity in this region. Tralac works
with governments and non-state actors; these include private sector and civil society
organisations. The Danish support helps implement the Tralac Strategic Framework 2014 –
2019.
Tralac strategic activities under phase III include
To build trade law and policy capacity in east and southern Africa, assisting these countries to develop their trade effectiveness so that trade contributes to development, within a rules-based system of international trade governance.
To this end Tralac employs research, training, policy dialogues and institutional partnerships. Within these approaches and the timeframe of the Regional Programme, Tralac will especially focus on the following areas:
Developing its postgraduate (Masters’ level) programme for building trade law and policy capacity; specifically securing funding to support participation by least developed country government officials.
Ensuring that its research agenda is focusing on trade matters that will assist countries to enhance their employment creation and growth enhancing possibilities.
Encouraging an active debate on trade matters in east and southern Africa
Strengthening TRALAC’s corporate governance framework and enhance its results-based management capacity.
With increased funding in phase III, Tralac plans a specific focus on the following:
Pillar 1: Monitoring of regional integration developments. Developments at national level as well
as African governments’ strategies to enhance their development outcomes and integrate with
regional and global partners need to be monitored. Outcomes: More information and better
quality information on trade-related developments in the region. Impact: Enhanced quality of
trade policy information.
Pillar 2: Analysis of current and emerging trade-related issues on the regional agenda. Analysis
(applied policy and legal analysis, action research rather than academic research) is important as a
means of building capacity, stimulating debate and informing stakeholders about trade
developments. Outcomes: Applied policy and legal analysis on emerging trade issues. Use of
trade policy analysis by government officials and other trade experts. Impact: Use of policy and
legal analysis in trade policy making. Trade policy that reflects regional development priorities
(trade facilitation issues, high costs of doing business, industrial development priorities). Larger
pool of trade policy experts.
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Pillar 3: Capacity building. The recent decision by the African Union Summit to establish a
Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) provides an important opportunity to develop capacity for
this very ambitious initiative. Outcomes: Training programmes that focus specifically on the
needs of countries in the region; incorporating local knowledge. Requests for specific training
courses to be developed and presented. More trained trade policy makers, officials, experts
(larger pool of trade policy expertise in the region). Impact: Enhanced quality of trade policy
making in the region.
Pillar 4: Policy Dialogue Facilitation. In addition to the Annual Conference, which has become
an important multi-stakeholder dialogue on trade matters in east and southern Africa, tralac
holds smaller focused workshops, and roundtables.. Included in these, are high-level dialogue
sessions with senior officials from the Regional Secretariats, African Union Commission as well
as select government departments in the region. Outcomes: Active and informed debate on trade
policy issues. Broader engagement on trade policy issues (including new interest groups such as
consumer organizations and industry associations). Impact: Enhanced quality of trade policy
dialogue. Enhanced quality of trade and regional integration strategy.
17
Appendix 2 : Results Framework:
These engagements all contribute to the achievement of the following results framework.
Thematic Objective Strategic Objective
Strengthen cooperation with think-tanks and civil society organisations that are able to promote peace, security, democratisation and economic integration in the region Increase South Africa’s contribution in the peace and security area, particularly concerning resolution of political crisis and conflicts Strengthen regional capacity relating to economic integration
The objective - drawn from the Policy Paper for Danish-South African Cooperation, which is also supported by the document “The Right to a Better Life” - is to strengthen African capacity to promote peace and security, democratisation and regional economic integration.
Engagement Output Outcome Impact Impact
Relevant research and analysis conducted, including research on climate policies and mining legislation Dissemination of information through publications, workshops, seminars, and briefings Support and facilitation of relevant policy dialogues to state and non-state actors Training around specific and relevant themes for key public and private stakeholders in target countries Providing policy advice to AU, SADC, REC’s and national governments
State and non-state actors have an increased awareness and understanding of current issues threatening good democratic practice More robust and legitimate policy formulation by stakeholder’s on Africa’s key policy challenges on peace, security, democratisation and economic integration Growing community of professionals engaged in long term thinking on relevant issues Improved capacity among state and non-state actors to deliver effective conflict management and participate in peace and security processes Informed and strengthened policy making by key African leaders and stakeholders Key stakeholder in trade negotiations find new entry points for regional trade New thinking on regional trade policy
The programme will contribute to a strong and informed South African leadership capable of exercising its national, regional and continental roles The programme will positively influence the wider political, security, and socio-economic environment in Africa More inclusive political settlements and conflict resolution processes in target countries Increase in African knowledge and expertise on peace and conflicts on the continent Increased capacity to implement trade facilitation initiatives and other trade policy instruments
Peace and security, democratisation and effective economic integration in the region promoted by national governments, REC’s and/or the AU Security in fragile states strengthened by African institutions Increased regional trade is facilitated by governments, REC’s and the AU
Output Indicator Outcome Indicator Impact Indicator Impact Indicator
Number of research publications Number of public or stakeholder briefings held Number of commentaries / inputs into policy development processes Number of training events successfully conducted for
Interaction with major stakeholders confirms the use of contextual analysis and policy recommendations No of references to research and analysis produced Stakeholders constructively engaged in identified conflict and peace processes
Regional institutions and governments have sufficient evidence-based analysis capacity to make informed decisions relating to regional peace, security, trade and developmental issues
New, updated and/or strengthened democratic governance mechanisms (regulations, laws, policies) in
Conflict prevention and peace building initiatives undertaken Mediation processes referred to in country reports Regional trade increases evidenced by statistical data from DTI and others New trade directives from AU, SADC
18
peacekeepers, peace builders, African militaries, militia and police with a focus on women and gender Number of specific training products designed and implemented No of policy and trade dialogues facilitated Policy advice seminars held No of policy recommendations
Meaningful engagement of non-state actors in policy processes Use of research / policy input in relevant trade integration issues Review of trade regulation is implemented Public-Private sector networks increased in the region
place AU, REC’s, National governments adopts key policies in respect of conflict management, poverty reduction, democracy and the upholding of human rights Market conditions improved with a view of supporting job creation and growth
19
Appendix 3
20
21
22
Appendix 4 : GENDER SCREEING NOTE : Programme Background : Peace and Security,
Democratisation and Regional Integration in Africa 2015 - 2016 Title Peace and Security, Democratisation and Regional Integration
Phase Three
Country/
region
Africa
Budget in
DKK mio.
30 mill DKK
Starting date
and duration
2015 – 2016
Human Rights Based Approach Assess whether a Human Rights (HR) Based Approach has been applied in the
programme:
Human Rights Assessment and Standards
Issues: Ye
s
no Explain:
Have major HR analysis relevant for
the country been consulted (UPR,
OHCHR, EU HR Strategy, other relevant
donor documents)
yes
International legislation including
UNSCR 1325 and UNSCR 1825 have
been considered to increase women’s
capacity to contribute to peace making
Have key international HR standards
and/or mechanisms influenced choice
and formulation of outcome areas?
Yes Areas with high risk of Human Rights
abuses and LGBTI related Gender
violence have been included in the
programme and the findings of the
Universal Periodic Review in relation to
sexual orientation have been taken into
account as have the recommendations
of the OHCR and CEDAW reporting
processes
Where relevant, is application at
national level, including major gaps
between human rights in principle
vs. human rights in practice,
evaluated and identified?
Yes Gender principles are in place in South
Africa and targets have been
recognised in other states and gaps
have been identified
Are key recommendations from UPR
for the thematic programmes and from
any treaty bodies, special procedures,
INGOs, HNRIs etc. that require follow
up at national level considered?
Yes Wherever possible these
recommendations are being followed
up, and included in agendas
particularly in relation to LGBTI issues
Are rights-holders identified? ? Wherever possible
Are duty-bearers identified? ? Also, wherever possible
Assess whether Human Rights Principles have been applied in the preparation and
in the design of the programme?
Each of the engagement partners adhere to international Human Rights Principles –
ISS : an awareness of Human Rights underpins all of ISS’s briefing papers, and analyses
and they seek to balance national security and human rights, particularly post 9/11
23
Gender is mainstreamed into all of their activities and their specialised components enhance
gender awareness in the military and among peacekeepers, and to build the representation
of women in the military and the security sector. They work constantly to reconfigure the
role of women in post conflict situations by impacting on state policies and practices.
In respect of its own workplace ISS has internal targets and systems for the retention of
women staff particularly in the management and research sections of the organisation.
In respect of culture – in their Francophone offices they have set specific office targets to
ensure that different cultures and backgrounds combine to enrich the diversity of the teams.
SAIIA : through its influential role at DIRCO and also at the AU, SAIIA take Human Rights
and Gender into consideration and has influence in South Africa’s foreign policy and also at
the AU.
CCR: Human Rights and Gender are central to the core work of CCR. In their peacebuilding
missions gender is a key focus particularly with the military and police in Africa. Their
training of various militaries in HIV/Aids cross cuts into both gender and human rights.
CCR has a comprehensive internal gender policy which ensure fair representation of women
in all CCR office structures.
IJR: IJR has an internal process to address issues of power, race and gender within the
organisation. Gender has been mainstreamed throughout their programmes and the
intersection between gender, justice and human rights overarches all of their programmes.
tralac: tralac’s work to ensure fair trade and fair treatment of traders when they cross
borders has a Human Rights impact in the region. Families in the region are often headed
by women and their training of border officials will assist to ensure the Human Rights and
Gender equity and even the survival of families.
Gender awareness is mainstreamed into all of tralac’s interactions with the AU, SADC, and
other governmental and non governmental agencies.
Non-discrimination: Are any groups
among rights-holders excluded from
access and influence in the thematic
programme areas identified?
No Rights holders have not been excluded
from access to the thematic
programme
Are disaggregated data available on
most vulnerable groups?
Disaggregated data currently scarce
List any key support elements included
to promote non-discrimination
Training to military, militia and police
to support the rights of vulnerable
groups in war zones and uphold the
rights of women delivered directly by
ISS, CCR and IJRt. Indirectly by SAIIA
and tralac in their publications, policy
advice, briefings, and interactions.
Also indirectly by ISS via their
interactions with key officials in Africa.
Participation and inclusion: Are
barriers for participation, inclusion and
empowerment of rights holders
identified?
Limitations have been identified and
these concern the rights of LGBTI
people in Uganda, Malawi, Nigeria and
other countries where cultural issues
often lead to violence
List any key support elements included
to promote participation and inclusion
Transparency: Is the extent to which
information is accessible to rights
holders including marginalised groups
assessed?
Where relevant, whether information is
available in other than official
languages of the country in question
should be indicated.
This risk has been assessed and some
engagement partner information
is available in English, French and
Arabic.
List any key support elements included Information briefings to media
24
to promote transparency Training for media, journalists and
editors, to enhance understanding of
the subject matter
Are key accountability mechanisms in
the relevant area – both horizontal and
vertical listed?
This has been done wherever possible
Are obstacles, e.g. capacity and
political-economy incentives that duty-
bearers and rights holders face to
exercise their obligations and rights
listed?
Limitations have been listed and noted
by the programme partners
List any key support elements included
to promote accountability
Training for media
Advancement of civil society organs in
the target countries
Results/Indicators
List any indicators designed to monitor
the realisation of specific human rights
a.Increased media focus on rights
issues including LGBTI issues in high
risk countries
b.Rights issues included in regional
agendas
c. Media record fewer incidents of
rights abuses ..
List any indicators designed to monitor
the integration of the four principles
a. Updated and strengthened democratic laws and policies to uphold gender rights in place
b. Stakeholders constructively engaged and women involved in peace processes
c. Policy recommendations from partner
included in legislation ..
List any key indicators chosen to track
capacity of key partners (both rights
holders and duty bearers)
a. AU and other governance organs
adopt key policies in respect of the
upholding of human rights
b. Increased African knowledge and
expertise and capacity to implement
UNSCR 1325 AND 1825 and contribute
to women’s capacity to impact on
regional peace
Dialogue Partners
Define key dialogue partners (duty
bearers) to be addressed by the
country programme
UPR, OHCHR, AU, SADC, United
Nations
Define key alliance partners, including
other likeminded donors, multilateral
partners and CSO’s
Northern donors, United Nations,
Nordic donors, EU
State major dilemmas/risks associated
with the policy dialogue and proposed
mitigation measures (incl. reference to
Framework for Risk Assessment)
War
Civil War
Displacement as a result of
war/violence
Famine
25
Disease
Gender Screening Tool
Are key challenges and opportunities
for gender equality identified?
Yes
Are reference made to CEDAW-
reporting, UPR, and other relevant
gender assessments?
Yes
Identify opportunities/constraints for
addressing gender equality issues
High levels of violence in target
countries
war and displacement
cultural differences impact on
LGBTI attitudes
Describe key strategic interventions to
promote gender equality within each
thematic programme?
Training to militaries and police
to focus on gender equality in
partner engagements and
Using leverage of membership
of high profile bodies to focus
attention on Gender and Human
Rights Issues
Training to government officials
improves the rights and
provides protection to women in
trade and economic activity
Explain how gender specific purposes
with be reached, which strategic
approach, what activities are planned
Local civil society organisations
to hold public forums to discuss
gender violence, and hate
crimes
Training engagements for media
to increase knowledge and
awareness of gender related
issues
Training for militaries
Training for customs officials
Define expected outputs. Journals and publications reflect
input of the partners
Briefings with media are
documented and recorded
State and non state actors have
an increased knowledge and
awareness of current issues that
affect Human Rights and Gender
Identify gender equality indicators
aligned with national targets on gender
if possible.
National South African targets in
respect of gender and Human Rights
are met by the programme
26
Appendix 5 : Climate Change and Green Growth Screening Note
Basic Information
Programme title: Peace and Security, Democratisation and Regional Integration
Country/region: Africa
Estimated allocation: 30 million DKK
Brief description of the Programme support: A programme with 2 components and five engagement partners to improve Peace and Security, Democratisation in Africa, (component one) and to increase Regional Trade (component two)
Dates (expected): Programme committee: Appraisal:
Climate change screening
Issue: Yes No Comments and further work to be done:
1. Are the processes and impacts of climate change documented (e.g. in national communications to the UNFCCC)?
n/a
2. Is there a national climate change policy or strategy, including estimates of the economic costs of adaptation?
n/a
3. Have nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) and or Low Carbon Development Plans been identified (e.g. targets for renewable energy production)?
n/a
4. Has a national adaptation programme of action (NAPA) been approved identifying key sectors where adaptation is required?
n/a
5. Are there effective and operational meteorological and disaster preparedness organizations?
n/a
Summarize the overall assessment of climate change impacts and responses:
The successful implementation of the programme by the five partner will impact on food security, air pollution, and water pollution in rivers and the sea in the target countries. ISS : Climate change and its relation to increasing vulnerability and the threat it poses to livelihoods in Africa is at the forefront of ISS’s research and policy analysis. They have an output to assist governments and officials across Africa develop effective policy responses. SAIIA : Through its Governance of Africa’s Resources Programme (GARP) SAIIA contributes to policy regarding the extraction of Africa’s resources by influencing African regimes and governements and suggesting alternative extraction modalities. GARP targets the governments in resource rich countries with the cross cutting themes of climate change and sustainability. These activities are key in limiting climate change, promoting energy security and preventing environmental degradation. The programme focusses on mining, forestry, fisheries and the petroleum industries in Tanzania, DRC, Angola and Sudan. CCR: CCr is an effective lobbyist at SADC in relation to climate change and the impact of mining on climate change and livelihoods. IJR: This partner hosted a recent round table discussion on “Economic Crime, Resource-based Conflicts and Transnational Justice : The case of DRC and Zimbabwe” which brought together
27
analysists and practitioners to discuss the impact of exploitative extraction on efforst to promote peace and justice. tralac: Recent studies by tralac have included issues re climate change and trade. The studies include the state of trade in environmental goods in East and Southern Africa, and the role of “Aid for Trade” in the shift towards a green economy in Africa.
Screening of Country Green Growth Framework
Assess the status of policies and strategies for green growth and the procedures for environmental impact assessment in the country and sector. If an issue is inadequately dealt with (indicated by a tick in the “no” box), please add comments and indicate further work to be undertaken (see also “next steps” section, below).
Issue: Yes No Comments and further work to be done:
1. Do national procedures and legislation for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) exist?
n/a
2. Are there operational Green Growth Strategies/actions plans and/or National Environmental Action plans?
n/a
3. Are there regularly updated state of the environment reports and green growth monitoring systems with indicators?
n/a
4. Is there sufficient institutional and human capacity for green growth and environmental management in the sector concerned?
There is capacity within the partner organisations and they use their influence to the maximum
Summarize the overall impression of the Country Green Growth Framework:
Successful implementation will in the long term improve the green growth framework
Climate change and Green Growth opportunities and risks of programme
Assess how climate change and environmental opportunities and risks will arise through the programme:
Will the programme ... Oppor-tunity:
Risk: None:
1. ... support green growth initiatives including livelihood improvements and resource efficiency
2. ... support the creation of decent and green job?
3. ... contribute to effective management and efficient use of natural resources
4. ... have direct or indirect impact on climate change (e.g. through increasing or reducing emissions of greenhouse gases)?
28
5. ... have direct or indirect impact on occupational health and safety?
6. ... lead to changes in land and resource tenure and access rights, including the rights of indigenous peoples?
7. ... include activities within or adjacent to protected or environmentally sensitive areas?
8. ... have direct or indirect impact on the resilience of communities in the face of natural disasters?
Summarize and explain climate change and green growth opportunities:
Improved legislation and increased knowledge of legislators could impact on green growth opportunities
Summarize and explain climate change and green growth risks:
Mining poses the greatest risk to green growth on the continent as areas are constantly degraded for mines as forests are cut down to build compounds for miners, forests are degraded for firewood and building, and water is polluted by mining effluent
Identify requirements for undertaking an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Categories are: [ A ] Full EIA required; [ B ] Partial EIA required; [ C ] No EIA required2. Intervention Name Category A, B or C:
1: Select category:
2: Select category:
3: Select category:
Will national regulations and procedures for EIA be applicable to activities of the programme that have potential environmental impacts? – Yes - No When will the EIA be undertaken?:n/a
Next Steps – process action plan
Need for further work during the preparation, appraisal and implementation of the programme arising from the climate change and green growth screening: Suggested activity: Action needed Comments and elaboration:
1. Assessment of green growth and climate change opportunities in sector development plan.
n/a
2. Assessment of capacity for green growth and climate change management in the sector/country.
n/a
3. Prepare ToR for and conduct Country Analytical Work.
n/a
4. Prepare ToR for and conduct SEA(s) of sector policies or plans.
n/a
2 Category A = Intervention is likely to have adverse environmental impacts that may be sensitive, irreversible,
and significant in scale/scope; B = Intervention is likely to have negative impacts, but which are less significant,
not as sensitive, numerous, major or diverse; C = The environmental risk of the intervention are of little or no
concern.
29
5. Prepare ToR for and conduct EIA(s) for programme interventions.
n/a
6. Initiate donor harmonisation in the sector on green growth and climate change.
7. Other...?
Signature of Screening Note
Place and date ………………………………………………………. (name) Danish Mission in
30
Appendix 6 :
Assessment according to the five budget support principles
This programme provides budget support to five regional think-tanks, based on the following
considerations:
Criterion Comments
1. Fundamental values Fundamental values, encompassing a minimum respect for human rights, pluralistic democracy and rule of law, including independence of the judiciary.
A key assumption of the Programme is that attention to freedom, democracy and human rights are necessary to promote stability and reduce fragility. Therefore, these values are supported by the engagement partner through their efforts in strengthening the policy basis of decision-makers and focusing special attention to conflict management, advancing human security, improving justice and building inclusive societies.
2. Solid national policies and plans for poverty reduction, good governance and sustainable development. Solid public policies to achieve poverty reduction, good governance and sustainable development, including assessment of relevance, progress and political will as well as public sector capacity to implement policy and reforms. Policy framework for monitoring progress of public policies should also be assessed. The partnership between the development partners and the receiving country and experiences from cooperation up to date.
The partners demonstrate their commitment to this principle through their input into policy development and promoting balanced dialogue and debate on issues crucial to Africa’s advancement and engagement in the global context. This is also achieved by building trade law and policy capacity to assist countries to develop their trade effectiveness, which in turn enhances employment creation and growth enhancing possibilities. Through their research, the partners also contribute to strengthening good governance, stability and accountability in Africa.
3. Stable macro-economic framework. Main macroeconomic aggregates identified including potential sources of instability; macroeconomic and fiscal policies are in place and the quality of these, vulnerability to external shocks and efforts to strengthen macroeconomic resilience; efforts to strengthen domestic revenue mobilisation.
South Africa has a stable macro-economic framework but is not immune to external shocks or internal risks such as strikes or violence
4. Public financial management Expert appraisal of quality and capacity in
The partners are forthcoming in disclosing their organisational budget
31
public finance management, including credibility of the budget, anti-corruption measures, comprehensiveness and transparency, policy-based budgeting, predictability and control in budget execution, accounting, recording and reporting and external scrutiny and audit.
and submitting their yearly institutional audits. They are also vigilant in observing and reporting on any irregularities that might occur. In their financial reporting, they also report their expenditure against the activity/output.
5. Transparency and oversight of the budget Disclosure of all relevant fiscal information in a timely and systematic manner. Scrutiny by parliament, auditors, local authorities, civil society organisations and media.
The engagement partners submit detailed financial statements on a 6 monthly interval, and the institutions are audited by external auditors on a yearly basis.
The Danish Mission’s conclusion – is it assessed to be feasible to provide budget support and if not which major obstacles have been identified.
Yes, based on the above as well as experience from previous phases of the programme, budget support is feasible.
Criterion Specific SBS related analysis Comments
2 Solid national policies and plans for poverty reduction, good governance and sustainable development.
- Assessment of sector/thematic plan/strategy/programme
- Assessment of commitment and capacity to implement it
- Assessment of partnership with partner (results and performance, management, monitoring) and joint coordination etc. in the sector/thematic area
- Assessment of experience with cooperation with partner so far
n/a
4 Public financial management
- Assessment of the financial management at sector/thematic level as a supplement to available general assessments (PEFA etc.). This includes procurement regulations and implementation in the sector/thematic area, budgeting etc.
n/a
The Danish Mission’s conclusion
Conclusion of whether it is feasible to provide sector budget support and if not which major obstacles there have been identified.
n/a
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Appendix 7: Process Action Plan (PAP)
Time line
Programme Documentation
January 2014 Analysis started
July 2014 Drafting Concept note
and annexes
12 August 2014 Public consultation of
Concept note. Forward
Concept note to KVA min.
3 weeks in advance of
meeting in Danida
Programme Committee
Concept note with annexes
4 September 2015 Meeting in Danida
Programme Committee.
Concept note and annexes.
List of received responses
from the consultation and
summery conclusions from
Danida Programme
Committee.
5 September 2014 Development of
Programme Document
and Development
engagement Documents
8 September 2014 ToR for appraisal
forwarded to TAS
ToR
All draft documentation
for programme
forwarded to TAS
Draft Program Document
incl. Development
engagement Documents
and associated partner
documentation
12 September 2014 Appraisal process
finalized
Appraisal Report,
recommendations
summary
18 September 2014 Programme Document
with appropriation cover
sheet forwarded to KVA
Programme Document,
annexes and Development
engagement Documents
7 October 2014 Presentation to the
Danida External Grant
Committee
After Danida External Grant
Committee meeting
The minister approves
the programme
Resumé from Danida
External Grant Committee
After Minister’s approval If direct legal basis for
the commitment is not in
place at Finance Act:
Presentation to the
Parliamentary Finance
Committee
Document for Finance
Committee (Aktstykke)
After Minister’s approval Signing of legally binding
agreements
(commitments) with
partner(s)
Government-to-
government agreement(s)
and/or other legally
binding agreements
After agreement(s) are Book commitment in
33
Time line
Programme Documentation
signed MFA’s financial systems
within budgeted quarter.
