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Partners in Crisis: 2011 Annual Conference
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Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses in the Criminal Justice System:
Getting to the Next Level
• National non-profit, non-partisan membership association of state government officials
• Represents all three branches of state government
• Provides practical, non-partisan advice informed by the best available evidence
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Criminal Justice/Mental
Health Consensus Project
Criminal Justice/Mental
Health Consensus Project
Reentry Policy Council and NRRC
Reentry Policy Council and NRRC
Justice Reinvestment
Justice Reinvestment
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Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project Report (2002)
Support of Learning Sites
• Five Mental Health Court Learning Sites• Six Law Enforcements Learning Sites
– Houston (TX) Police Department– Los Angeles (CA) Police Department– Madison (WI) Police Department– Portland (ME) Police Department– Salt Lake City (UT) Police Department– University of Florida Police Department
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Product Development
Council of State Governments Justice Center
APF Module on Working With Defendants with Mental Illnesses
Presentation Overview
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Growth in Spending on Corrections in MI
Spending on corrections increased 57 percent over the past 10 years
One out of every three state workers is employed by the Michigan Department of Corrections
As a share of general fund expenditures, corrections grew from 16.2 to 22.6 percent
Source: Data analyzed by Citizen’s Research Council.
Wisconsin Recidivism Rates Increasing
Percent Returned to Prison Percent Returned to PrisonWithin Two Years
2000 2005
Male 37% 41%
Female 23% 29%
Age at release
17-21 (443) 38% 55%
21-25 (1574) 34% 45%
25-30 (1750) 35% 41%
30-35 (1356) 39% 40%
35-40 (1203) 37% 42%
40-50 (1995) 33% 36%
50-60 (517) 22% 29%
60+ (109) 8% 17%
Prison Population Growth Unsustainable
San Mateo County is set to sign off on a contract with San Jose mental health specialists to care for its seriously-mentally ill jail inmates.The cost? $1.7 million. This right after the county pulled $49 million out of its reserves and slashed other services by $27.3 million to balance its budget.
The $1.7 Million Jail Bed By Chris Roberts | Monday, Jun 27, 2011
Incarceration & Crime Trends
Incarceration Rate
2000-2007
Violent Crime Rate
2000-2007
NY
-16%
TX
-8%
FL
+16%
CANo
Change
NY
-25%
TX
-6%
FL
-11%
CA
-16%
Corrections in the Crosshairs
• Growth in prison and jail populations is not fiscally sustainable.
• Current level of investment not yielding adequate outcomes.
• Public is unappreciative of investments currently being made.
• Policymakers are without the comprehensive, timely, independent information to help them understand how to get more for their money
Presentation Overview
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Assigning the Right People to the Right Programs
… state funding for community corrections programs has increased, but a lack of admission criteria for these programs makes them less cost-effective at diverting offenders …
Residential Programs in One Large State Had Varied Impacts on Recidivism, but Usually Made Low Risk Offenders Worse
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* Results for all participants
Treatment Effects for High Risk Offenders in HWH/CBCFs Tend to Produce Better Outcomes for Most Programs
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* Results for all participants
Re-Offense Rates by RiskDistribution by Risk Level
Assessing for Risk: Validating the Risk Assessment Instrument in Wisconsin
Re-offense refers to a new offense
Assign High-Risk Populations to Most Intensive Community-Based Supervision and Treatment
Criminogenic Risk
Clin
ical
Nee
d
Low
High
High
Low
Justice Reinvestment in Ohio
Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina
TOUGH SMARTHold offenders accountable for the
harm they caused and prevent them from reoffending
Ensure that dollars have the greatest impact on crime
at the least cost
• Long sentences to punish and incapacitate serious, violent & repeat offenders
• Probation supervision & cost-effective sanctions/treatment for nonviolent offenders
• Mandating supervision for the 15,000 felons currently released from prison unsupervised
• Ensuring swift and certain sanctions for violations of supervision
• Increasing sentences for repeat B&E offenders on the second conviction
• Focusing supervision & treatment on offenders that will benefit the most
• Increasing access to treatment in the community
• Providing second chance incentives for first time felony drug offenders
North Carolina’s criminal justice system embodies this framework with:
The Justice Reinvestment Act (H 642) strengthens this framework by:
Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina
Big PictureJustice Reinvestment in North Carolina
Actual Population
JR Impact
Status Quo Forecast
Presentation Overview
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County Level Case Study
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N (%)
Offense Category No Psych Meds Psych Meds
Felony 507 (37.3) 56 (45.5)
Misdemeanor 745 (54.9) 64 (52.0)
Other 106 (7.8) 3 (2.4)
Total 1358 (100) 123 (100)
Average Length of Stay in Days
Release Type No Psych Meds(N = 981)
Psych Meds(N = 88)
Bonded Out 9 35
Court Order 21 57
To Prison 87 67
To Other Agency 33 77
Other 83 12329
Comparing Lengths of Stay for New Arrest/Pretrial
Percent of All Release Types within Group
Release Type No Psych Meds (N = 981)
Psych Meds (N = 88)
Bonded Out 33 25
Court Order 34 32
To Prison 4 3
To Other Agency 11 10
Other 10 17
Not Released 8 13
Comparing Lengths of Stay: A Closer Look
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Average Number of Days
Blue: No Psych MedsRed: Psych Meds
Length of Stay by Release Type and Offense Category
Recap: CJ/MH Diversion Flow
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Arrest
Court -- Initial Appearance
Detained Pending Pretrial / Disposition
Trial / Sentencing
Booked: 5,261
Pretrial Conference
Bond
65 Participants
in MHC
Jail Process
Court Process
LE Process
Medical and MH Screen
MI ≈ 1,052 using 17% estimate
≈ 800 using psych med proxy 3
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34Other Referral Sources:Bail Commissioner:1Family: 1Treatment Team: 2Self: 4
Getting to the Next Level in Florida: Key Elements
• Screen / Assess for Criminogenic Risk / Mental Illness
• Use results to inform services / supervision.
• Ensure availability/effectiveness of services
• Respond effectively to compliant/noncompliant behavior
Presentation Overview
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Thank You
CONTACT
Michael [email protected]
wwww.justicecenter.csg.org
The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. Because presentations are not subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency supporting the work.
