Part_1 Computing Fundamentals

8/3/2019 Part_1 Computing Fundamentals

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ertification)CoreComputingCnternet andI(3IC


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Computing FundamentalsUnit one


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ComputerTypes

1. Super Computer: Fastest Type, expensive

2. Main Frame : Large Systems that handle hundreds ofdifferent applications, used in government organizations

(Large geographical area), airline reservation3. Minicomputer: Slower than the above, serves several

people simultaneously (medium companies), medical

4. Microcomputer: Small (sit on desk), small business,schools like PC, Laptop, Notebook, Apple Macintosh


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)microprocessor ,processor( MHZ GHZ.

RAM ,ROM = KB or MB or GB

)H.D\CD\flopy( .

)*(800 * 600 dotsperinch DPI

CD-ROM , DVD-RWX24X ,52x


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ComputerParts

All types of computers are consisted of two main parts :

1. Hardware Part (Physical Parts, Visual Parts) , like Monitor,Keyboard, Mouse, Case, Printer, Speaker, etc

2. Software Part (Non-Physical Parts, Non-Visual Parts) , likeOperating System,Applications, Files, .. etc


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Case


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Case


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Storage UnitsHard Disk (main storage unit, fastest, highest capacity)C:

Compact Disk (CD-ROM)D:

Floppy Disk (lowest capacity)A:

Flash DiskE:

Tapes

RAM (Temporary).

Input Units Keyboard

Mouse

Scanner

Digital Pen

Digital Camera

Fingerprint Reader

Microphone

Q


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Output Units

Monitor

Printer

Speaker

Plotter

Shared HardDisk

Floppy

CD-ROM

Flash

Non-SharedHard Disks


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Devices inside the System Unit

1. Mother Board : the largest electronic circuit board in the PC, Itconsists of :

Central Processing Unit (CPU) : calculations, MHz

Random Access Memory (RAM) : temporarily storing data, Byte

Read Only Memory (ROM) : starting (booting) the PC, checking

elements and loading Operating System, Byte Processor (Brain, Manager) : managing all elements of PC

2. PowerSupply : providing the computer with electricity.

3. Hard Disk : storing Operating Systems and Applications, Byte

4. Floppy Disk Drive : reading and storing on floppy disk, Byte

5. CD ROM Disk Drive : reading data from CD, Byte


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Capacity (Storage) Units

Byte = 8 bits (one character)

1 KB = 1024 Byte

1MB = 1024 KB

1 GB = 1024 MB

Notes:

RAM has the most influence on the speed andperformance of the computer when running severalapplications at the same time.

Processor speed determines the speed of calculationperformed by the PC


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Wh i N k ?


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What is a Network ?A Network is a system that allows two or more computers to

communicate and share resources with each other.Types of Networks

1. LAN : A Network connecting small to medium number of computerstogether in a confined area is call a Local Area Network.

2. MAN : A Network connecting computers in a metropolitan area iscalled a Metropolitan Area Network.

3. WAN : A Network connecting computers over long distances (i.e.between branches or offices in different states) is call a Wide AreaNetwork.

Two popular concepts :

Internet : A World-Wide super network of computer networks that linkscomputers around the world.

Intranet : A Network that follows the Internet rules that is used primary withinan organization


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N t k R i t


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Network Requirements

ard (NIC)CnterfaceIetworkNEach computer requires a

and wires (or wireless) to link it with other computers inthe network

Benefits of Networks

1. Sharing Resources (both Software and Hardware)

2. Transferring large files without the requirement for using a physicalmedia between computers.

3. Reducing the Cost of implementation and upgrading.

4. Providing high level of control and management.


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Software -


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S f


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Software Types

1.Operating Systems : managing devices, applications2.Applications

Word Processing : MSWord , Word Perfect , NotePad Spread Sheets : MS Excel , Lotus Presentation : MS Power Point , Corel Presentation Data Bases : MS Access , Paradox Graphics : Corel Draw , Photoshop Multimedia : Flash , Shockwave Electronic Mail : Out Look , Eudora Web Browsers : MS Internet Explorer , Netscape , Opera

Publishing : Desk Top Publishing Utility Tools : Anti Virus , Disk Compression , Disk Cleanup ,

File Compression , Disk Defragment


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Operating Systems


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p g y

They manage HW and Applications

1. Text Mode :

DOS (Mini and Micro)

UNIX (Mainframe, Mini and Micro)

2. Graphic Mode :

Windows (Mini and Micro)

Linux (Mini and Micro)

Apple Macintosh (Mini and Micro)

NOTE : PC can include more than one Operating System.

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authorized\ 1

valid \2

privacy\3

thief 1

copyright 2

violation3


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commerce4

authentic\5

criminal activity 6

unethical behavior 7

libel 8

plagiarism \9

legal\10

illegal \ 11

fraudulent12

subscription13

breaches\14

inadequate \ 15

responsible16

audit\ 17

trademark 4

speech synthesis 5

back up 6

employees 7

restrict 8

concern*9

concerns10

majority11

certain 12

society13

surges\14

outages 15

ergonomic 16

strain 17

Documents

Part_1 Computing Fundamentals