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Class 1 & 2 Oral Answers ( Part 7 )
Factors of ice accretionIf wind force increases above force 6,
the rate of ice accretion increases because:
Wind chill factor increases.Increase of shipping sprays
Air temperature falls below -2C
Sea temperature decreasesShipping seas and sprays increases
Excessive ship's speedUnsuitable ship's course
Rate of ice accretion on a slow moving ship with the wind ahead
or on the beam, givenwind and sea temperature, can be estimated
using "Icing Nomograms" given in mariner'shandbook (reproduced
below):
Cold weather precautionsProvide suitable worm clothingOrganize
and brief bridge team prior to entry into the ice regarding:
Indications of presence of ice
Not to be overexposed to extreme cold
Look outs need to be rotated at short intervalReport to master
on sighting ice
Regular radar watch in appropriate range
Second watch keeper
Obtain up to date ice reports and ensure that ice limits are
entered in the chart, plot occasional
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Class 1 & 2 Oral Answers ( Part 7 )
icebergs.
Change over to manual steering until the vessel is clear of ice
region. Helmsman to report D/O if
loss of steering.Instruct C/E to regularly check the
followings:
Steering gear
Heating arrangements of steering gears
To check viscosity of hydraulic oil for all cranes, winches and
boat engines, if necessary, renew.Inform all departments
Check all navigation equipments are in satisfactory
conditions.
Check navigation lights, search light and sound signaling
appliancesInstruct C/O the followings:
The ship has sufficient stability
Ship should be sufficiently trimmed that propeller tips are well
submerged.Ballast tanks, FW tanks, life boat FW tanks not to press
up full, keep allowance for expansion.
Especially above water line tanks. Calculate free surface
effect.
Drain fire lines on deck.All deck scuppers to be cleared to
prevent water trapping on deck.
Cover deck machinery and controls with canvas.If steam windlass,
run slowly.
Cranes/ derricks to be freeze, to prevent this, they should be
topped/slewed at regular intervals.Hawse pipes/ sparling pipe
covers are in position.
Rig life lines on deck as may become slippery
All LSA/FFA in satisfactory condition and ready for immediate
use.
Actions when navigating in thevicinity of ice
Ensure the followings, when navigating in the vicinity of
ice:
Additional look out have been posted, they know their
duties.Continuous radar watch
Obtain as much information possible about sighting ice and other
navigational warnings.
Monitor temperature of air and sea, especially at night.
Make obligatory reports of ice sighting as per MSA/SOLAS.Adjust
the speed of the ship if passing through the ice, according to the
type and thickness of ice.
Inform engineers when temperature drops to about 0 to 1C.
Information received from ice patrol, coastal stations, shipping
broadcast and meteorologicalobservations may result in an
alteration of course to avoid ice.
Make the fullest use of navigation equipment and aids to
ascertain accurate navigation.Ensure the deck is safe for crews to
go about their normal duties. Remove ice by chipping or
bysweeping.
Do not use normal window washers. Use window heaters in
stead.
Obligations on sighting iceUnder regulation 31 of chapter V of
SOLAS-74, master who meets dangerous ice is bound to inform
about this to ships near the vicinity and the authorities.
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Class 1 & 2 Oral Answers ( Part 7 )
As per regulation 32, an ice danger message is to be
transmitted. It should contain:
The kind of ice observed
The position of ice when last observedThe time and UT when the
ice last observed.
Precautions before proceeding to ice zoneBefore proceeding to
ice zone, I will check the following items:
Article of agreement and the geographical limit, expiry of
article of agreement.
Class certificate, if ship has ice notation.
Check the charter party contract
Insurance coverage premium may be high.
Instruct C/E:
To check heating system for accommodation, steering gear, bridge
windows;To check viscosity of hydraulic oil for all cranes, winches
and boat engines, if necessary, renew.
Instruct C/Off to check/ indent:
Warm clothing for full complement
Protective gloves
Extra blanketSpare bulbs for navigation light
Steam hoses
De-icing compoundsAxe, shovels.
Instruct navigating officer to ensure:
Navigational equipments in good working conditionSufficient
charts are available
Gather all information regarding the limits of ice, ice seasons,
navigation in ice.
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