Paraphrasing and Direct Quoting

Message Relay Game

The idea is to accurately relay a message back and

forth between team members as fast as possible. 

Message Relay Game

Once the message reached the last person, the first member have to

shout your group code so you can write your answer on the board, the

last person is the responsible for writing the message

Message Relay Game

Group 1: Hakdog Group 2: Omsim Group 3: Pokmaru Group 4: Wao Wao

Message Relay Game

1. Eve eating eagerly elegant Easter eggs.

The class will be divided into different groups. Each group will pick their own song written in English and try to rewrite the each line in their own words without changing its meaning or context. All groups will share their outputs in front of class afterwards.

REWRITE THAT SONG!

What is summarizing?

Summarizing is to take larger selections of text and reduce them to their basic essentials.

Paraphrasing

Learning how to paraphrase your sources properly will help you avoid “accidental” plagiarism.

PARAPHRASING

is following the author's original presentation of ideas, but restating those ideas in your own words.

Example of Paraphrasing Sentence

Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women.

Paraphrased: Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for women.

Steps in paraphrasing

1. Introduce the source in a signal phrase. In [name of the article], [author] writes …[state the point of the text.]

1. Introduce the source in a signal phrase. In [name of the article], [author] writes …[state the point of the text.]

Steps in paraphrasing

2. Compare your version to the original. Make sure that you used your own words and sentence structure.

Steps in paraphrasing

3. Remember that if you used any key words or phrases, enclose them in quotation marks. (“,”)

Steps in paraphrasing

4. Include a parenthetical citation. (Standler, 2012)

FORMATS USED IN PARAPHRASING

Just like in summarizing, you can use the Idea Heading Format, Author Heading Format and Date Heading Format in paraphrasing your sources

Original Passage: What is plagiarism? In minor cases, it can be the quotation of a sentence or two without quotation marks and without a citation (e.g. footnote) to the true author in the most serious cases, a significant fraction of the entire work was written by someone else but plagiarist removed the author(s), name(s) and substituted his or her name, perhaps did some re-formatting of the text, then submitted the work for credit in a class (e.g., term paper or essay), as part of the requirements for a degree (e.g., thesis or dissertation), or as a part of a published article or book.

Reference Standler, R.B. (2012) Plagiarism in colleges in USA: Legal aspects of plagiarism, academic policy. Retrieved from http://www.rbs2.com/plag.pdf, p.5

EXAMPLE OF PARAPHRASING

According to Standler (2012), plagiarism can occur in small cases, which happens when small parts of a passage are used without enclosing them in quotation marks and citing the author. It can also occur in more grave situations. In these instances, big chunks of the original text are used. There are changes in the format, but the original author is not attributed to and the work is claimed as the plagiarist’s own and submitted to comply with academic requirements or as a part of a material for publication.

Try It!Ronny told his aunt that a bear had attacked him, which she found difficult to believe.

Try It!A local newspaper claims that 75% of all homeless people do not like homeless shelters and prefer to live as they do now.

Try It!“When we cannot bear to be alone, it means we do not properly value the only companion we will have from birth to death- ourselves” (Eda Leshan)

DIRECT QUOTING

A direct quotation reproduces the words of another writer verbatim and is displayed in quotation marks

DIRECT QUOTING✓ Quotations must be reproduced word for

word. ✓ Include the author's last name, year of

publication, and page or paragraph numbers.

✓ Page numbers or paragraph numbers are required when citing direct quotations.

DIRECT QUOTING

Quotations of less than 40 words are enclosed in "double quotation marks" and incorporated into the text of your sentence.

DIRECT QUOTING“From the point of view of a US based food company the EU rules may appear to be trade protectionism rather than reasonable consumer protection.” (Andersen, 2010, p. 141)

DIRECT QUOTINGAccording to Andersen (2010), EU regulations concerning the labeling of genetically modified foods "may appear to be trade protectionism rather than reasonable consumer protection" (p. 141).

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

๏ All of the following citations of a direct quote are in correct APA Style,citing the author, year, and page number.

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

1. According to Palladino and Wade (2010), “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147).

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

2. In 2010, Palladino and Wade noted that “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147)

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

3. In fact, “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (Palladino & Wade, 2010, p. 147).

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

4. “A flexible mind is a healthy mind,” according to Palladino and Wade’s (2010, p. 147) longitudinal study.

FORMATS USED IN DIRECT QUOTING

5. Palladino and Wade’s (2010) results indicate that “a flexiblemind is a healthy mind” (p. 147).

DIRECT QUOTING

Direct Quotation: More than 40 words (Block Quotation)

DIRECT QUOTING•Omit quotation marks • Quotation should be a freestanding

block of text that begins on a new line.

• Indent block

Miele (1993) found the following:

The “placebo effect,” which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Furthermore, the behaviors were never exhibited again even when reel [sic] drugs were administered. Earlier studies were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276)

Steps in Direct quoting

1.Copy exactly the part of the text that you want to use.

2.Use quotation marks to show the beginning and ending of the quote.

Steps in Direct quoting

3. Record the details of the original source (author’s name/s, date of publication, title, publisher, date of publication, title, publisher; place of publisher, URL [if on-line] and page number/s).

When to Use, Paraphrasing, Summarizing and Direct Quoting

Paraphrasing:

✓ Paraphrase a short text with one or two sentences or a paragraph with a maximum of five sentences.

✓ Avoid or minimize direct quotation

✓ Rewrite the author’s words by not changing the message

When to Use, Paraphrasing, Summarizing and Direct Quoting

Direct Quoting:

✓ Quote a text that conveys powerful message or will show less impact if it is paraphrased or summarized.

✓ Highlight the author’s expertise in your claim, argument or discussion.

Using Reporting Verbs

Reporting verbs are also used in paraphrasing and direct quoting to integrate your sources in the text.

Biology: (from most common to least common)

Describe Find Report Show Suggest Observe

Marketing: (from most common to least common)

Suggest Argue Find Demonstrate Propose Show

Linguistics: (from most common to least common)

Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point out

Sociology: (from most common to least common)

Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discuss

Philosophy: (from most common to least common) Say Suggest Argue Claim Point out Hold Think

Overall: (from most common to least common)

Suggest Argue Find Show Describe Propose Report

Avoiding PlagiarismThere is a fine line between plagiarism and paraphrasing. If the wording of the paraphrase is too close to the wording of the original content, then it is plagiarism. The main ideas need to come through, but the wording has to be your own. 

Avoiding Plagiarism

To use another person’s writing in your own can be accomplished with quotes and citations. A quote will need to be the exact wording and the author and source will need to be identified.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Paraphrasing usually makes the passage shorter than the original.  Another option is to use a summary that is much shorter than the original and is an overview of the main points.

SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING DIRECT QUOTING

Does not match the source word for

word.

Does not match the source word for

word.

Does not match the source word for

word.

Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words but putting only the main point(s)

Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words

Is usually a short part of the text.

SUMMARIZING PARAPHRASING DIRECT QUOTING

Presents a broad overview

Changes the words or phrasing a

passage

Cited part appears between parts.

Must be attributed to the original

source.

Must be attributed to the original

source.

ACTIVITY

Compare paraphrasing, summarizing and direct quoting using a Venn diagram. Aim for atleast two similarities and two differences

Paraphrasing

Direct Quoting

Summarizing

Paraphrase Using the Date Heading Format“Corruption occurs in both public and private organizations. It can be understood as a decision “sold” to benefit the briber, while the bribe payment compensates for the decision maker’s and moral cost of betraying institution” (Soreide, 2014, p.1)

Paraphrase Using the Author Heading Format“Microfinance is the provision of financial intermediation through the distribution of small loans, acceptance of small savings and provision of other financial products and services to the poor. Central to the concept of Microfinance is the idea that poverty can be effectively and permanently reduced or eliminated within reasonable period of time by providing the poor with access to such financial services” (Getubig, Gibbons & Remenyi, 2007, p. 7)

Paraphrase Using the Idea Heading Format“ It is widely recognized that there is global biodiversity crisis, and environmental degradation is expected to accelerate with profoundly changing socioeconomic (e.g., human population growth, economic development and urbanization) and climatic conditions” (Gurney, et. al., 2014, p. 98).

Activity

Write direct quotations using the texts in Task 1 (Let’s Practice). Use appropriate reporting verbs. Cite your sources properly.

“Unionism is a two-note factor. When union is organized as a catalyst to the development of better values at work and serves as a cooperative organization to pursue the mission and vision of the organization, it becomes a positive aspect. It is organized as a conduit to develop better working relationship among members of the union while protecting the legal rights of the members in the work place.”

Reference: Pereda, P.R., & Fernando, M.A. (2012) Pinoy human behavior on organization. Manila, Philippines: Mindshapers Co., Inc.

‘’Strategic Planning is the determination of the overall organizational purpose and goals and how they are to be achieved. Human resource is the integral components of a strategic plan, which greatly affects productivity and organization performance. After the strategic plans have been formulated, human resource strategic planning is to be undertaken. Along these lines, strategies are reduced to specific quantitative and qualitative human resource plans. The HRD shall determine the total manpower component to execute the planned strategic activities.

Reference: Ferrrer, M.B., et. al. (2015) Human resource management. Manila, Philippines: Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.