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Clauses
P6 English
Clauses
Sentences
Simple
Compound ComplexMinor
Co-ordinate
Subordinate
Adverbial
Time
Reason
Purpose
Concession
Contrast
Place
Manner
Result
Comparison
Conditional
Relative
Noun
1st2nd3rd
Clauses
• A clause is a group of words which acts as a single unit and is built round a verb, for example:
Bala lives in Singapore.
• MAIN clause
Clauses
Bala lives in Singapore
• SIMPLE sentence - one clause with a subject and a verb.
SIMPLE sentence
SIMPLE sentences
• A sentence is a group of words that express a complete thought.
• It has two main parts: a subject and a predicate.
Bala lives in SingaporeNoun / Pronoun Verb
Subject Predicate
SIMPLE sentence
Co-ordinate Main Clauses
Co-ordinateMain Clause
Conjunction
Tom likes drawing Mary likes dancing.and
but
or
so
Tom likes drawing Mary likes dancing.
Do you like soccer do you prefer basketball?
It was raining I stayed indoors.
Co-ordinateMain Clause
COMPOUND sentence
COMPOUND sentences
• Made up of two or more simple sentences combined using a conjunction such as and, or or but.
SIMPLE sentence
COMPOUND sentence
Tom likes dogs. Mary likes cats.
SIMPLE sentence
Tom likes dogs but Mary likes cats.
conjunction
Subordinate Clause
Co-ordinate Main Clause
I have a watch which is also a calculator.
Subordinate Clause
COMPLEX sentence
You should rest if you are tired.
Subject Verb
Subordinate clause hasa subject & a verb BUT
does not make sense on its own.
Subordinate Clause
Co-ordinate Main Clause
The pupils in the class laughed when Ali fell from his chair.
Subordinate Clause
COMPLEX sentence
Alice met an old friend while she was jogging.
Subject Verb
Subordinate clauseDEPENDS on the main clause
to make sense.
COMPLEX sentences
• made up of an main clause (that can stand by itself) and a subordinate clause (which cannot stand by itself).
Main clause
COMPLEX sentence
Sam likes swimming although he is asthmatic.
Subordinate clause
Clauses
Co-ordinate
Subordinate
Adverbial
Time
Reason
Purpose
Concession
Contrast
Place
Manner
Result
Comparison
Adverbial Clauses of Time
Co-ordinate Main Clause
Wash your hands before you eat.
Adv Clause of Time
COMPLEX sentence
John likes to sing while he does his work.
Subject Verb
Subordinate clause that tellsyou about the TIME of theaction in the main clause.
Adverbial Clauses of Time
Co-ordinate Main Clause
Wash your hands after you use the toilet.
Adv Clause of Time
COMPLEX sentence
I will give you a reward when I see you tomorrow.
Do not start with the work till I say so.
Adverbial Clauses of Reason
Co-ordinate Main Clause
Bala was late for class because he overslept.
Adv Clause of Reason
COMPLEX sentence
Henry can win the race as he is the fastest runner.
Subject Verb
Subordinate clause that tellsyou the REASON of the
action in the main clause.
Adverbial Clauses of Reason
Co-ordinate Main Clause
We will stay indoors since it’s raining outside.
Adv Clause of Reason
COMPLEX sentence
David rehearses his lines in case he forgets.
Grammar Book Activity
Page 255 - 256
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
Co-ordinate Main Clause
The crowd stood back so that the ambulance couldpass.
Adv Clause of Purpose
COMPLEX sentence
Keep fresh milk in the fridge so it doesn’t turn bad.
Subordinate clause that tellsyou the PURPOSE of theaction in the main clause.
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
Co-ordinate Main Clause
Our parents work hard so as to provide a betterlife for us.
Adv Clause of Purpose
COMPLEX sentence
Ms Tan did a magic trick in order to get her pupilsexcited about Science.
Subordinate clause that tellsyou the PURPOSE of theaction in the main clause.
Conditional Clauses
• made up of subordinate clauses beginning with if, unless, as long as or providing.
• These clauses say what the conditions or circumstances are for something to happen.
• 1st conditional clause• 2nd conditional clause• 3rd conditional clause
COMPLEX sentence
1st Conditional clause
Co-ordinate Main Clause
I will come if you invite me.
1st Conditional clause
COMPLEX sentence
Seeds will not germinate unless there is warmth,oxygen and water.
1st conditional clausefor REAL situations.
Simple present tense
Simple present tense
2nd Conditional clause
Co-ordinate Main Clause
We might get there in time if we ran.
2nd Conditional clause
COMPLEX sentence
We could fly if we had wings.
2nd conditional clausefor UNREAL or IMAGINED
situations about the PRESENT.
Simple past tense
Simple past tense
3rd Conditional clause
Co-ordinate Main Clause
We might have beaten them if we had tried harder.
3rd Conditional clause
COMPLEX sentence
I could have done well if I had studied harder.
3rd conditional clausefor UNREAL or IMAGINED situations about the PAST.
Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense
Past participle
Past participle
3rd Conditional clause
would/could/might
We might have beaten them if we had tried harder.
COMPLEX sentence
I could have done well if I had studied harder.
Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense
Past participle
Past participle
have past participle+ +
UNREAL or IMAGINEDsituations about the PAST.
Adverbial Clauses of Concession / Contrast
Co-ordinate Main Clause
She must learnto speak good English even if it is difficult.
Adv Clause of Co/Ct
Kim plays the piano well although he is only five.
Subordinate clause that tells yousomething SURPRISING or UNUSUAL
connected with the main clause.
COMPLEX sentence
Grammar Book Activity
Page 260 - 261
Online Resources
• Synthesis of sentences
• Sentences and Clauses
• Synthesis of sentences 1
• Transformation of sentences
