Grammar and usage ( Ⅰ ) --- Attributive Clauses with who/that/which/whose

Grammar and usage ()--- Attributive Clauses with who/that/which/whose

Review the text (brainstorming) Still remember what you have learned about Wei Huas school life in the UK?

Wei Hua could get up an hour later ______ ______ as schools in Britain start around 9a.m. On the first day, all the students went to ______ ______, and there the headmaster told them about the rules of the school. He also said the best way to ______ respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high ______. In her class there were 29 students. That is about the ______ size for British schools. She found the homework was not as ______ as what she ______ ______ get in her old school in China.

thanusualassemblyhallearngradesaveragedifficultusedto

Her English _________ a lot as she used it every day. She usually went to the Computer Club at lunchtime, so she could ______ her family and friends back home ______ free. She enjoyed cooking and she thought it was really ______ as she learned to buy, ______ and cook food. Students at that school have to study Math, English and Science, but can ______ some subjects if they dont like them. She ______ Chinese food a lot because English food is very different. She felt very lucky to _________ this different way of life.

improvede-mailforfunpreparedropmissedexperience

Trying to find outRead the following sentences from the text. Try to find out what they mean and whats special about their structure.1. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane.2. Miss Burke was the teacher who taught us English Literature.3. All my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made.

How to modify a noun1. an enjoyable experience

2. the rules of the school

3. the cake that I made

an adjectivean prepositional phrasesan attributive clause

Introduce attributive clausesThey all enjoyed the cake that I made.

An attributive clause: tells which person or thing the speaker meansAn antecedent: the noun an attribute clause modifiesAn relative pronoun: the pronoun that joins the antecedent and the attributive clause(, , )

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Read and find outRead the article on P9.Underline the attributive clauses you find in the article. 1. Some of the cities in China which likes most are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. 2. Most of the students that he taught have become his friend. 3. Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends. 4. The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed.

When we talk about peopleWe use who or that in an attributive clause instead of he / she / they

The man he lives next door is friendly.The man who lives next door is friendly.

When we talk about thingsWe use that or which in an attributive clause instead of it / they The cups they were broken- hurt his foot.The cups that were broken hurt his feet.

Whose( mean possession)We use whose in an attributive clause instead of his / her / its / theirThe girl her hair is red- is singing.

The girl whose hair is red is singing.The book whose cover is blue is mine.The book its cover is blue- is mine.whose

whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken

Practice 2Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns. 1. Harry potter is a boy ______ has a great gift for magic. 2. The school ______ you can see on the left is one of the oldest buildings in this city. 3. They found the car ______ was stolen last month. 4.The man ______ leg broke in the match used to be a football player. 5. The dog ______ I bought from the pet shop is called Buster. 6. Id like a room ______ window looks out to the sea. 7. Id like a room _________ the window looks out to the sea.

whothatwhichwhosethatwhoseof which

Relative pronounswhothat (less usual)

that (less formal)whichwhose

1. When who is an object, it can be replaced by whom.

2. We can leave out who, whom, that, which when they are objects.

antecedentpeoplethingspossessionrelative pronouns

PracticeTranslate the sentences into English. 1.

2.

3.

4. ?

5. ?The girl who answered the question is Wei Hua.The letter which is written by pencil is difficult to read.I know a classmate whose father is an astronaut.Where is the book that I bought yesterday?Do you see the tree whose leaves/ of which the leaves has already fallen?

+ The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?

+ The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?,whothat which,whom.

+1. Do you know the boy __ _____ your mother is talking?2. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.3. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.5. (06) I was given three books on cooking, the first ______I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. whichto whomwith whichon whichThis is the child whom/ that I will take care of.4.

Can we leave out the relative pronouns in the attributive clause?1). The topic Eric is interested in is Physics.2). Daniel is the person I want to make friends with. 3).Daniel is the person with whom I want to make friends.4). This is the job at which they laughed.5).This is the job they laughed at.whichthat/who/whomwhichTip we can leave out which, whom,that or who when it meets the two conditions.A. The pronoun is the object B.The preposition is at the end of the attributive clause.

1. Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?2. Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot? 3. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.4. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.6. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.7. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.

for whichfrom whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichof which: +

1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.4.It is the only book _______I am interested in .5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.6. It is the finest movie _______ I have ever seen.7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.

that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat

,:All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, that

the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, anythat

whowhichwhatthat

who/ thatHe is no longer the man ____ he used to be.

thatwho

Anyone ___ wants a ticket please sign your name here.Those ____ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.He ____ doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.whowhowho

anyone, those, he, shewhothat

1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/that/in which/the way3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. 04 A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

1) Liyang High School is a school.2) I am studying in the school.1. Liyang High School is the school __________ I am studying in.2. Liyang High School is the school __ _____ I am studying. 3. Liyang High School is the school ______I am studying. that/whichin whichwhereRelative adverb 1 : where

1) I will never forget the day.2) I came to Liyang High School on that day.I will never forget the day __________ I came to Liyang High School on.2. I will never forget the day __ _____ I came to Liyang High School. 3. I will never forget the day ______ I came to Liyang High School. that/whichon whichwhenRelative adverb 2 : when

1) Could you tell me the reason?2) You are late for the reason.1. Could you tell me the reason __________ you are late for?2. Could you tell me the reason __ ______ you are late?3. Could you tell me the reason ______ you are late?that/whichfor whichwhyRelative adverb 3 : why

I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =why

Fill in the blanks with relative adverbs 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ (__ ______) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place ______ (____ ______) great changes have taken place. 3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he didnt want to see me? 4). The days are gone _____(_____ ______) we used foreign oil.

whenon whichwhere in whichwhyfor whichwhenduring which

1.Ill never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which

Non-restrictive attributive clause():He will go to see his wife, who is in Beijing.He passed the exam, which makes me happy.

Differences between attributive clause and non-attributive clauseCommaThe different way of translating clauses.We cant use that in it.We cant miss the relative words, either.which can be used to refer to the whole meaning of the main clause.

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him. (2004, ) A. who B. that C. what D. whichD

Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (1999) A. it B. that C. when D. whichD

Other examples:He has three sons, two of whom are doctors.Many people, some of whom are slim, are going on diets.China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

Tips: We can use most/ all/ some/ both/ part + of + whom/ which to express a complete or partial quantity.

The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. (2004, ) A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of thatA

051. I have many friends, _______ some are businessmen. (2005II) A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom D

as The earth is round._____ is known to all.

The earth is round,_____ is known to all.

_____ is known to all, the earth is round

______ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/ as AsItas as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected/as was mentioned,as,

as (1)This is the same pen as I lost.

This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:that as that as

as (2)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat()()

assuch, so, the samesuch, so, the sameas 1. The place doesn't look the same as it was before liberation. 2. Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday? 3. Have you brought the same book _______ I gave you yesterday? that

1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.

2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. wherewherepoint, situation, part, conditioncasewhere

Our class is a big family . It consists of 50 students. Most of them are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl. She is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl that we all like her. Our class is a big family which consists of 50 students, most of whom are mainly from Changzhou. Li Zi is a kind-hearted girl, who is always ready to help others. She is such a good girl as we all like.

homeworktonight, dreams come trueA,B

Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed. For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was surprisingly unhurt. When he woke up, he was still on the mattress. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.

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Grammar and usage ( Ⅰ ) --- Attributive Clauses with who/that/which/whose