Upload
chirag-surti
View
217
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
1/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 1
Chapter 1 Overview of Internet Industry
1.1 Introduction
Internet is a short form of the technical term internetwork the result of interconnecting
computer networks with special gateways or routers. The Internet is also often referred to as the
Net.
The term Internet, when referring to the entire global system of IP networks has been treated as
a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. In the media and popular culture a trend
has also developed to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the
internet", without capitalization.
The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much
distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The
hardware andsoftware infrastructure of the Internet establishes a global data communications
system between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the
Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by
hyperlinks and URLs. Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web
interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are
two separate but related things.
More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, records, information, facts and
figures, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet
is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. There are a
variety of ways toaccess the Internet. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial
Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softwarehttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/host.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/access.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/access.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/host.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/access.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
2/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 2
1.2 Definition of Internet
The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks -
a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get
information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).
It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government
in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet. The original aim was to create a network that
would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research
computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because
messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to
function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.
Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds
of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of
the currently existing public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the
Internet is its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two recent adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the
extranet, also make use of the TCP/IP protocol.
For many Internet users, electronic mail (e-mail) has practically replaced the Postal Service for
short written transactions. Electronic mail is the most widely used application on the Net. You
can also carry on live "conversations" with other computer users, using Internet Relay Chat
(IRC). More recently, Internet telephony hardware and software allows real-time voice
conversations.
The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW"
or called "the Web"). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instant cross-referencing.
In most Web sites, certain words or phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest;
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci212377,00.htmlhttp://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid200_gci212089,00.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci212051,00.htmlhttp://searchexchange.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid43_gci214040,00.htmlhttp://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212301,00.htmlhttp://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci212377,00.htmlhttp://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid200_gci212089,00.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci212051,00.htmlhttp://searchexchange.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid43_gci214040,00.htmlhttp://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212301,00.html7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
3/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 3
often this text is also underlined. When you select one of these words or phrases, you will be
transferred to the site or page that is relevant to this word or phrase. Sometimes there are
buttons, images, or portions of images that are "clickable." If you move the pointer over a spot
on a Web site and the pointer changes into a hand, this indicates that you can click and be
transferred to another site.
Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of information. Web browsing is done
with a Webbrowser, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator. The appearance of a particular Web site may vary slightly depending on the browser
you use. Also, later versions of a particular browser are able to render more "bells and whistles"
such as animation, virtual reality, sound, and music files, than earlier versions.
Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are
linked into exchanges of data, information, facts, figures, statistics, records, news and opinions.
Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design.
Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet
services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community.
Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to
access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet
services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider
(ISP).
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci211708,00.htmlhttp://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci211708,00.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/host.htmhttp://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci211708,00.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/network.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer.htmhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/host.htm7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
4/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 4
1.3 Technology
1.3.1 Protocols
The communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a
system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. While the hardware
can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous
standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides
the foundation for its scalability and success. The responsibility for the architectural design of
the Internet software systems has been delegated to the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups, open to any individual, about the
various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and final standards are published
in a series of publications, each called a Request for Comments (RFC), freely available on the
IETF web site. The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in
specially designated RFCs that constitute the Internet Standards. Other less rigorous documents
are simply informative, experimental, or historical, or document the best current practices
(BCP) when implementing Internet technologies.
The Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite. This is a
model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (RFC 1122, RFC
1123). The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate. At
the top is the application layer, the space for the application-specific networking methods used
in software applications, e.g., a web browser program. Below this top layer, the transport layer
connects applications on different hosts via the network (e.g., clientserver model) with
appropriate data exchange methods. Underlying these layers are the core networking
technologies, consisting of two layers. The internet layer enables computers to identify and
locate each other via Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, and allows them to connect to one-
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
5/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 5
another via intermediate (transit) networks. Last, at the bottom of the architecture, is a software
layer, the link layer, that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local network link,
such as a local area network (LAN) or a dial-up connection. The model, also known as TCP/IP,
is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware, which the model therefore does not
concern itself with in any detail. Other models have been developed, such as the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model, but they are not compatible in the details of description or
implementation; many similarities exist and the TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the
discussion of OSI networking.
The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP), which
provides addressing systems (IP addresses) for computers on the Internet. IP enables
internetworking and in essence establishes the Internet itself. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the initial
version used on the first generation of today's Internet and is still in dominant use. It was
designed to address up to ~4.3 billion (109) Internet hosts. However, the explosive growth of
the Internet has led to IPv4 address exhaustion, which entered its final stage in 2011, when the
global address allocation pool was exhausted. A new protocol version, IPv6, was developed in
the mid-1990s, which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing
of Internet traffic. IPv6 is currently in growing deployment around the world, since Internet
address registries (RIRs) began to urge all resource managers to plan rapid adoption and
conversion.
IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. In essence, it establishes a parallel version of the Internet
not directly accessible with IPv4 software. This means software upgrades or translator facilities
are necessary for networking devices that need to communicate on both networks. Most
modern computer operating systems already support both versions of the Internet Protocol.
Network infrastructures, however, are still lagging in this development. Aside from the
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
6/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 6
complex array of physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated
by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., peering agreements), and by technical
specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the
Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing policies.
1.3.2 Structure
The Internet structure and its usage characteristics have been studied extensively. It has been
determined that both the Internet IP routing structure and hypertext links of the World Wide
Web are examples of scale-free networks. Similar to the way the commercial Internet providers
connect via Internet exchange points, research networks tend to interconnect into large sub
networks such as GEANT, GLORIAD, Internet2, and the UK's national research and education
network JANET. These in turn are built around smaller networks.
Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly
engineered, yet highly complex system". The Internet is heterogeneous; for instance, data
transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely. The Internet exhibits
"emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer
rates exhibit temporal self-similarity. The principles of the routing and addressing methods for
traffic in the Internet reach back to their origins the 1960s when the eventual scale and
popularity of the network could not be anticipated. Thus, the possibility of developing
alternative structures is investigated The Internet structure was found to be highly robust to
random failures and very vulnerable to high degree attacks.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
7/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 7
1.4 Use of Internet in modern life
The Internet allows greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread
of unmetered high-speed connections. The Internet can be accessed almost anywhere by
numerous means, including through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, data cards,
handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet wirelessly.
Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities of such pocket-
sized devices, the services of the Internet, including email and the web, may be available.
Service providers may restrict the services offered and mobile data charges may be
significantly higher than other access methods.
Educational material at all levels from pre-school to post-doctoral is available from websites.
Examples range from CBeebies, through school and high-school revision guides, virtual
universities, to access to top-end scholarly literature through the likes ofGoogle Scholar. For
distance education, help with homework and other assignments, self-guided learning, whiling
away spare time, or just looking up more detail on an interesting fact, it has never been easier
for people to access educational information at any level from anywhere. The Internet in
general and the World Wide Web in particular are important enablers of both formal and
informal education.
The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made
collaborative work dramatically easier, with the help of collaborative software. Not only can a
group cheaply communicate and share ideas but the wide reach of the Internet allows such
groups more easily to form. An example of this is the free software movement, which has
produced, among other things, Linux, Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.org. Internet chat,
whether in the form of an IRC chat room or channel, via an instant messaging system, or a
social networking website, allows colleagues to stay in touch in a very convenient way when
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Scholar7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
8/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 8
working at their computers during the day. Messages can be exchanged even more quickly and
conveniently than via email. These systems may allow files to be exchanged, drawings and
images to be shared, or voice and video contact between team members.
Content management systems allow collaborating teams to work on shared sets of documents
simultaneously without accidentally destroying each other's work. Business and project teams
can share calendars as well as documents and other information. Such collaboration occurs in a
wide variety of areas including scientific research, software development, conference planning,
political activism and creative writing. Social and political collaboration is also becoming more
widespread as both Internet access and computer literacy spread.
The Internet allows computer users to remotely access other computers and information stores
easily, wherever they may be. They may do this with or without computer security, i.e.
authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements. This is
encouraging new ways of working from home, collaboration and information sharing in many
industries. An accountant sitting at home can audit the books of a company based in another
country, on a server situated in a third country that is remotely maintained by IT specialists in a
fourth. These accounts could have been created by home-working bookkeepers, in other remote
locations, based on information emailed to them from offices all over the world. Some of these
things were possible before the widespread use of the Internet, but the cost of private leased
lines would have made many of them infeasible in practice. An office worker away from their
desk, perhaps on the other side of the world on a business trip or a holiday, can access their
emails, access their data using cloud computing, or open a remote desktop session into their
office PC using a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection on the Internet.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
9/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 9
1.5 Services
1.5.1 Information
Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably,
but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set of documents,
images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform
Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identifies services, servers, and other
databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web, but it is only one of the hundreds
of communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services also use HTTP to allow
software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.
World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another
via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any
combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and
interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can
include animations, games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through
keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users
worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information.
Compared to printed media, books, encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide
Web has enabled the decentralization of information on a large scale.
The Web has also enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a
potentially large audience online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Publishing a web
page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial cost and many cost-free services are
available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
10/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 10
up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however. Many individuals
and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily
updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to communicate
advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert
knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of
this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to
pique the public's interest in their work. Collections of personal web pages published by large
service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas
operations such as Angel fire and Geo Cities have existed since the early days of the Web,
newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings.
These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web
page hosts. Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of
products and services directly via the Web continues to grow.
When the Web began in the 1990s, a typical web page was stored in completed form on a web
server, formatted in HTML, ready to be sent to a user's browser in response to a request. Over
time, the process of creating and serving web pages has become more automated and more
dynamic. Websites are often created using content management or wiki software with, initially,
very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or
other organization or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using
editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its
final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into
the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
11/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 11
1.5.2 Communication
Email is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of
sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or
memos predates the creation of the Internet. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as
email attachments. Emails can be cc-ed to multiple email addresses.
Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible by the creation
of the Internet. VoIP stands for Voice-over-Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that
underlies all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with walkie-talkie-like
voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as
easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries
the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially
over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as cable
or ADSL. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service.
Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a
call from a traditional telephone is available. Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are
available that eliminate the need for a personal computer.
Voice quality can still vary from call to call, but is often equal to and can even exceed that of
traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include emergency telephone number dialing
and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not
universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure;
VoIP does not do so without a backup power source for the phone equipment and the Internet
access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form
of communication between players. Popular VoIP clients for gaming include Ventrilo and
Teamspeak. Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 also offer VoIP chat features.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
12/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 12
1.5.3 Data Transfer
File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer
file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to
a website or FTP server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or
onto a file server for instant use by colleagues. The load of bulk downloads to many users can
be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer networks. In any of these cases, access
to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may
be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can
be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also
passed usually fully encrypted across the Internet. The origin and authenticity of the file
received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests. These
simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and
distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes
all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography,
graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing
industries that previously controlled the production and distribution of these products.
Streaming media is the real-time delivery of digital media for the immediate consumption or
enjoyment by end users. Many radio and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their
live audio and video productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as
Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range
of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internet-
connected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line
media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio
receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
13/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 13
webcasts to on-demand popular multimedia services. Podcasting is a variation on this theme,
where usually audio material is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a
portable media player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment
allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material
worldwide.
Digital media streaming increases the demand for network bandwidth. For example, standard
image quality needs 1 Mbit/s link speed for SD 480p, HD 720p quality requires 2.5 Mbit/s, and
the top-of-the-line HDX quality needs 4.5 Mbit/s for 1080p.
Webcams are a low-cost extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give full-
frame-rate video, the picture either is usually small or updates slowly. Internet users can watch
animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout
or monitor their own premises, live and in real time. Video chat rooms and video conferencing
are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way
sound. YouTube was founded on 15 February 2005 and is now the leading website for free
streaming video with a vast number of users. It uses a flash-based web player to stream and
show video files. Registered users may upload an unlimited amount of video and build their
own personal profile. YouTube claims that its users watch hundreds of millions, and upload
hundreds of thousands of videos daily.
1.6 Social Impact
The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing,
thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networking websites
such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace have created new ways to socialize and interact. Users
of these sites are able to add a wide variety of information to pages, to pursue common
interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find existing acquaintances, to allow
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
14/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 14
communication among existing groups of people. Sites like LinkedIn foster commercial and
business connections.
In the first decade of the 21st century, the first generation is raised with widespread availability
of Internet connectivity, bringing consequences and concerns in areas such as personal privacy
and identity, and distribution of copyrighted materials. These "digital natives" face a variety of
challenges that were not present for prior generations.
The Internet has achieved new relevance as a political tool, leading to Internet censorship by
some states. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States was
notable for its success in soliciting donation via the Internet. Many political groups use the
Internet to achieve a new method of organizing in order to carry out their mission, having given
rise to Internet activism, most notably practiced by rebels in the Arab Spring.[51] Some
governments, such as those of Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China,
and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet, especially
political and religious content. This is accomplished through software that filters domains and
content so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention.
In Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, major Internet service providers have voluntarily,
possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law, agreed to restrict access to sites
listed by authorities. While this list of forbidden URLs is supposed to contain addresses of only
known child pornography sites, the content of the list is secret. Many countries, including the
United States, have enacted laws against the possession or distribution of certain material, such
as child pornography, via the Internet, but do not mandate filtering software. There are many
free and commercially available software programs, called content-control software, with
which a user can choose to block offensive websites on individual computers or networks, in
order to limit a child's access to pornographic materials or depiction of violence.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#cite_note-cascading-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Springhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet#cite_note-cascading-507/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
15/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 15
The Internet has been a major outlet for leisure activity since its inception, with entertaining
social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being conducted on university servers, and
humor-related Usenet groups receiving much traffic. Today, many Internet forums have
sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are
also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication
and for the sharing of ideas. The pornography and gambling industries have taken advantage of
the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other
websites. Although many governments have attempted to restrict both industries' use of the
Internet, in general this has failed to stop their widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure activity on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of recreation
creates communities, where people of all ages and origins enjoy the fast-paced world of
multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing
video games to online gambling. While online gaming has been around since the 1970s,
modern modes of online gaming began with subscription services such as GameSpy and
MPlayer. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. Many
people use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their
enjoyment and relaxation. Free and fee-based services exist for all of these activities, using
centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Some of these sources exercise
more care with respect to the original artists' copyrights than others.
Many people use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and
book vacations and to find out more about their interests. People use chat, messaging and email
to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some
previously had pen pals. The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users
can access their files and settings via the Internet.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
16/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 16
Cyberslacking can become a drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spent 57
minutes a day surfing the Web while at work, according to a 2003 study by Peninsula Business
Services. Internet addiction disorder is excessive computer use that interferes with daily life.
Some psychologists believe that Internet use has other effects on individuals for instance
interfering with the deep thinking that leads to true creativity.
Internet usage has been correlated to users' loneliness. Lonely people tend to use the Internet as
an outlet for their feelings and to share their stories with others, such as in the "I am lonely will
anyone speak to me" thread.
Cybersectarianism is a new organizational form which involves: "highly dispersed small groups
of practitioners that may remain largely anonymous within the larger social context and operate
in relative secrecy, while still linked remotely to a larger network of believers who share a set
of practices and texts, and often a common devotion to a particular leader. Overseas supporters
provide funding and support; domestic practitioners distribute tracts, participate in acts of
resistance, and share information on the internal situation with outsiders. Collectively,
members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith,
exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in collective study via email, on-line chat rooms
and web-based message boards."
1.6.1 Internet and philanthropy
The spread of low-cost internet access in developing countries has opened up new possibilities
for peer-to-peer charities, which allow individuals to contribute small amounts to charitable
projects for other individuals. Websites such as Donors Choose and Global Giving now allow
small-scale donors to direct funds to individual projects of their choice.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
17/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 17
A popular twist on internet-based philanthropy is the use of peer-to-peer lending for charitable
purposes. Kiva pioneered this concept in 2005, offering the first web-based service to publish
individual loan profiles for funding. Kiva raises funds for local intermediary microfinance
organizations which post stories and updates on behalf of the borrowers. Lenders can
contribute as little as $25 to loans of their choice, and receive their money back as borrowers
repay. Kiva falls short of being a pure peer-to-peer charity, in that loans are disbursed before
being funded by lenders and borrowers do not communicate with lenders themselves. However,
the recent spread of cheap internet access in developing countries has made genuine peer-to-
peer connections increasingly feasible. In 2009 the US-based nonprofit Zidisha tapped into this
trend to offer the first peer-to-peer microlending platform to link lenders and borrowers across
international borders without local intermediaries. Inspired by interactive websites such as
Facebook and eBay, Zidisha's microlending platform facilitates direct dialogue between lenders
and borrowers and a performance rating system for borrowers. Web users worldwide can fund
loans for as little as a dollar.
Chapter 2 Internet Industry in India
After the dotcom defunct in 2000, Internet Industry in India has steadily emerged as a powerful
sector and is generating considerable worth for several shareholders. Over a decade, the sector
has witnesses the materialization of forceful, protractible business models and international
brands such as eBay, Google, Amazon and Yahoo. The international search engine, Google, is
unquestionably the major achievement story of the India internet industry.
For a firm that has been in continuation in the Indian internet market for 8 years has an
existing evaluation of around $120 billion, and is leading the market, followed by Time
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
18/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 18
Warner, making it the most expensive global media firm. Among the Indian dot-coms, Shaadi,
Naukri, Rediff, Indiatimes, Yahoo India and Bharat matrimony are making considerable
amount of revenues.
In addition, as per a research carried out by Nokia, the communications sector is estimated to
surface as the biggest driving component in India's GDP with a contribution of about 15.4% by
the FY2014.
The internet industry in India has taken more than 15 years to cross the 100-million user mark.
Now, it's at the cusp of a giant leap. A rash of reports - from industry associations like Internet
& Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) to global consultancies like Boston Consulting Group
(BCG) - is heralding the dawn of the internet economy and a user base of 300 million in the
next three years. Consider this: In 2011 alone, investors poured $350 million into 57 internet
startups - that's more than the collective dotcom investment of the past four years, according to
VCCEdge, an Indian online deal platform. Some $3 billion worth of e-commerce was
transacted in 2011, says IAMAI.
2.1 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Association of India
The Internet Service Providers Association of India (ISPAI) was set up in 1998 with a mission
to 'Promote Internet for the benefit of all'. ISPAI is the collective voice of the ISP fraternity and
by extension the entire Internet community. Over the years ISPAI has helped influence, shape
and mould the telecom policies, so that ISPs and entrepreneurs in the business of Internet can
setup and grow their services in an environment that is supportive and enabling.
In the last 10 years of its existence, it has been party to breaking down monopolistic structures
in telecom, bringing down barriers to entry for ISPs. It helped shape India from being a
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
19/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 19
bandwidth hungry to a bandwidth surplus country. It was the competitive spirit of the ISP
members of ISPAI that, Internet access became so widely and cost effectively available to our
countrymen. These very ISPs helped connect India to the rest of the world so effectively that
today BPO and Call Centers cannot but make their global presence felt based on IP
connectivity. India is today is arguably amongst the top 10 countries of the world in terms of
the number of Internet users.
Today ISPAI is the recognised apex body of Indian ISPs worldwide. ISPAI has access to and
interacts frequently with international bodies and platforms and is frequently consulted by them
on measures for future trends and growth of Internet. It works closely with the Government, the
Regulator as well as the major Industry Chambers. It supports exchange of delegations,
business visitors from across the globe which provides ISP members a chance to network
widely and seek opportunities elsewhere too. It's a platform for the Solution Provider's
community to gain easy access to their ISP clients, promote their products and services through
personal meetings and through events supported or sponsored by ISPAI.
2.2 Internet penetration in India
With increasing affordability of PCs, laptops, notebooks and internet penetration, India is all
set to have 121 million internet users by December 2011, a study by internet and Mobile
Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB has said.
According to the annual I-Cube Report jointly published by IAMAI and IMRB, India's internet
population is expected to grow to 121 million users by December 2011 from 100 million in
September this year. Out of 121 million, 97 million are expected to be active Internet users,
who access Internet at least once in a month.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
20/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 20
"A 100 million internet users is considered a critical landmark for the country. With this
internet use in India is expected to enter a critical period of growth with the possibility of
becoming the largest internet using country in the world in this decade," the study said.
The internet growth in India has moved in the fast lane, especially due to the onslaught of low-
cost smartphone devices and the resultant mobile internet boom. Moreover, the internet boom
is likely to continue its good run as the high-speed 3G services penetrate further into rural
areas. In fact, India has plans to embark on advanced 4G mobile services by 2013.
Apart from smartphone devices, the evolution of the budget tablets is yet another source of
accessing internet while on the move, that will have a positive impact on the growth of internet
in India, which is all set to be the third largest internet market in the world after China and the
United States.
The Internet, as no other communication medium, has given an International or, if one prefer, a
"Globalized"dimension to the world. Internet has become the Universal source of information
for millions of people, at home, at school, and at work.
According to Internet in India (I-Cube) 2011 report, the number of claimed internet users in
India has crossed the landmark 100 million mark in September, at 112 million users (88
million urban + 24 million rural villages) who have used the internet at any point in time in the
past.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
21/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 21
Fig 2.1 - Internet users in urban areas
Fig 2.2 Internet users in rural areas
Of 112 million claimed internet population, 90 million users have been active internet
users who have accessed internet at least once a month.
Further the IAMAI report indicates that the positive internet momentum is likely to continue
into December 2011 to notch a higher 121 million claimed internet users mark, largely driven
by youngsters in India including school going kids.
While urban metro areas are at forefront in terms of internet growth points, the smaller towns
and non-metros have shown a considerable grouped dominance over the top 8 metro cities.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
22/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 22
In fact, towns with less than 2 lakh population contribute highest in terms of internet users from
rest of the India.
Claimed Internet Users Active Internet Users
Fig 2.3 Internet users among top metro cities
Amongst top metro cities, Mumbais claimed internet users stood at 8.1 million, followed by
6.2 million users in Delhi and NCR and 3 million internet users in Kolkata.
Going by the age segment, the Generation Y dominates the scene in terms of internet usage
pattern, with more than three-quarters of internet population driven by young men (27%),
school (21%) and college (27%) going kids.
The rising segment of school kids is mainly driven by new generation e-learning services and
educational information available on the Web.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
23/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 23
Fig2.4 Internet usage pattern by age segment
Urban Users Rural Users
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
24/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 24
Fig 2.5 - Various purposes of using accessing internet in urban and rural areas
While a majority 89% of the surveyed urban city population use internet to access emails, 71%
use it for networking with friends and families. Interestingly, 55% of population use internet
for chatting purposes even today. On the other hand, the rural internet users have preferred to
download or listen to music and videos to the extent of 46%.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
25/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 25
2.3 Growth of Internet industry in India
The Internet started when Netscape IPO launched Web 1.0 in the year 1995, generating billion-
dollar initiations in the Western economy. The wave reached India in 1999, with a bunch of
entrepreneurs making a foray into this money-spinning business.
The internet industry soon witnessed the creating of million dollar firms like Yahoo!, eBay,
Amazon and Google, with combined market share of USD 350billion. The listing of Google in
the year 2004, revealed the speed at which one of the most expensive media firm can be
formulated. This gave rise to Web 2.0 which is steadily emerging in India.
The growth of Internet users in India from the year 2001 - 2010 has been illustrated in the table
below:
Financial Year Internet Users Populace Ratio in %
2001 1,400,000 1,094,870,677 0.1
2002 2,800,000 1,094,870,700 0.3
2003 5,500,000 1,094,870,800 0.5
2004 7,000,000 1,094,870,900 0.7
2005 16,500,000 1,094,870,950 0.6
2006 22,500,000 1,094,870,975 2.1
2007 39,200,000 1,094,870,980 3.6
2008 50,600,000 1,112,225,812 4.5
2009 40,000,000 1,112,225,900 3.6
2010 42,000,000 1,129,667,528 3.7
Table 2.1 Growth of internet users in India for the decade 2001-2010
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
26/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 26
2.4 Government Initiatives for Internet Industry in India
The New Telecom Policy, 1999, launched by Indian government, specifies objectives in
contexts of initiating Telecom Network with an aim to attain telecom compactness of 15% by
end of financial year 2010. It also establishes goals for offering Net Access to all the provincial
main offices which it attained in the year 2002. In addition, the administration has started
several upbeat implementations in the propagation of the Internet facilities in India. Some of
such measures are mentioned as under:
In the year 2003, the government levied authorization charges on the ISPs which are the
most moderate permit, till 31st October 2003. Subsequently, only a coupon
authorization charge of ` 1 every year is forfeitable.
There are no limitations on the amount of Service Providers in A, B and C categories.
ISPs have been allowed to establish Global Gateways by executing commercial set-ups
with international Satellites Providers and associates.
ISPs have been allowed to offer preceding mile accessibility for utilizing Radio and
Fiber Optics.
ISPs have been allowed to offer ISP facilities via Cable Television Operators.
Internet Telephony Services was launched for ISPs on April 1, 2002.
The central administration has launched a thriving strategy to extend National Internet
Backbone (NIB) in India.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
27/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 27
The government has approved the law acknowledging electronic deals named
Information Technology Act, that assist in offering lawful structure for e-commerce in
the country.
2.5 Challenges faced by Internet industry in India
One of the biggest challenges faced by Indian Internet industry was the lack of vernacular
content that saturated the user access to only English speaking Indians. For the industry to add
another 50 million users, turning vernacular was the best alternative. At present matrimonial
dotcoms like Jeevansaathi, popular search engine like Google and Yahoo!, etc. have launched a
vernacular version of the websites.
After bravely emerging from the language hindrance, internet is yet to witness its
transformation from knowledge seeking trade to an out and out commercial business. At
present internet mainly provides product services. So downloading ringtones or videos from a
website generally differs in quality and not in price, hence, making Internet synonymous with
low-priced information. To overcome this issue, users themselves have to take the initiative of
accessing the internet for the finest content and willingly pay for it.
Indian internet business has merged competently with the conventional financial system and
has become a part of our everyday life. The internet industry is bound to change our lives in the
coming years the way Industrial Revolution did.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
28/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 28
Chapter 3 Types of Internet connection
As technology grows, so does our need for things to go faster. Ten years ago, websites just
included images, coloured text and some repetitive melodies. Now flash websites, animations,
high resolution photos, online gaming, videos or streaming (radio on the internet), are getting
more popular for people who demand faster and faster internet connections.
Fig 3.1 PCI Modem
3.1 PCI Modem(see fig 3.1).
Analogue up to 56000 bits per second, it means that in a second, 56000 bits (0 or 1) travel
through the copper wire. It is both economical and slow and it is also called dial-up access. If
you connect the modem, you get internet but as it uses the analogue telephone line, if you surf
on the internet, nobody can call you because the line is busy.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
29/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 29
Using a modem connected to your PC which is very cheap ( about 10 ) , users connect to the
Internet only if you click on the telephone Access Icon and the computer dials the phone
number provided by your ISP ( Internet Service Provider ) and connects to the network. The
signal is analogue because data is sent over an analogue telephone network. This modem
converts received analogue data to digital (always analogue on the telephone site and digital on
the computer side).
As dial-up access uses ordinary telephone lines the data rates are limited and the quality of the
connection is not always good. Nowadays very few people use this type of connection.
3.2 DSL
DSL or - an 'always on' connection- uses the existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to
the internet and won't tie up your phone like the old modem does. There is no need to dial-in to
your ISP as DSL is always on. DSL is called ADSL (Short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line) for home subscribers.
As it is mentioned before ADSL is short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line and supports
data rates up to 10Mbits when receiving data (download) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when
sending data (upload). ADSL is called asymmetric because it supports different data rates for
upload than for download traffic.
Fig 3.1 DSL
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
30/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 30
3.3 Cable
There are two type of cable; Coaxial and optic fibre.
3.3.1 Coaxial
The first one is used by cable TV and that is common for data communications (see Fig). The
cross-section of the cable shows a single centre solid wire made of copper surrounded by a
copper mesh conductor. Between the main wire (in the centre) and the mesh conductor is an
insulating dialectric. This dialectric (blue part in the image) has a large effect on the essential
features of the cable. Depending on the material that isolator is made of, the cable has different
inductance and capacitance values and these values affect how quickly data travels through the
wire. The last layer is an outside insulator to protect the whole wire. Data is transmitted
through the rigid wire, while the outer copper mesh layer serves as a line to ground.
Fig 3.3 Coaxial cable
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
31/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 31
3.3.2 Optic Fibre
Fibre-optic cables are strands of a special optical material as thin as a human hair that carries
data (files, videos ...) over long distances. Now, there is not electrical signal. In Optical fibres
data are carried as light signals
How Does an Optical Fibre Transmit Light?
Fig 3.4 How does an Optical Fibre transmit light?
What is the secret of optical Fibre? Why doesn't the light ray escape from the strand?
Suppose you want to shine a torch beam down a long, straight corridor. Just point the beam
straight down the corridor. -- Light moves in straight lines so the light will reach to the end of
the corridor.
What if the corridor has a bend in it? Just place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam
towards the other side of the corridor.
What if the corridor has multiple bends? You might places as many mirrors as bends so that it
bounces from side-to-side all along the corridor. This is what happens in an optical fibre.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
32/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 32
3.4 Wireless Internet Connections
Wireless broadband (Wireless Internet Connections [WIC]), Instead of using cable networks
for your Internet connection, WIC uses radio frequency .Wireless Internet can be accessed from
anywhere as long as your WIFI adaptor is located within a network coverage area. It also
provides an always-on connection and it is still considered to be relatively new.
3.5 Satellite
Fig 3.5 Satellite
IoS acronym for Internet over Satellite allows a user to access the Internet via a
geostationary satellite that orbits the earth. A geostationary satellite is a type of satellite placed
at a fixed position above the earth's surface. Because of the large distances between home and
satellite, signals must travel from the earth up to the satellite and back again. It causes a slight
delay between the request and the answer.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
33/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 33
Chapter 4 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
4.1 About BWA
Broadband Wireless Access [BWA] radio network consists of base stations and Customer
Premise Equipment (CPE) radios. The Access Points (AP) are typically mounted on towers or
tall buildings since each customer requires line-of-sight (LOS) back to the base station in order
to receive service. Each Access Point delivers bandwidth to each subscriber unit (up to 2 Mbps)
within its service sector. We have equipment which operates in the license free spectrum (2.4
GHz, 5.3 GHz, and 5.8 GHz) to deliver last mile access. With the right equipment, user can
enjoy quick return on investment while offering their customers dependable, high speed,
always-on, broadband service.
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless
communications solutions to Telecom service providers, Internet services provider,
Governments, Institutes, Healthcare, and Enterprises.
The explosive growth of telecommunications, together with the massive rise in internet usage,
has fuelled the demand for rapid, cost-effective broadband access solution. This demand is not
only from operators rolling our new networks; there is a growing need for more broadband
capacity within mature networks, which cannot easily be met with existing wire-based systems.
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers a leading solution in responding to this demand.
Broadband Wireless Access eliminates the need for costly wireline infrastructure, bringing
voice and high speed data services to every user within the range of base station. The broad-
based acceptance of the Broadband Wireless Access technology is due to huge benefits it offers
in terms of fast, easy and cost effective deployment, unsurpassed flexibility and reduced cost of
ownership. Our Broadband Wireless Access solutions are easily scalable, providing a fast and
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
34/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 34
economic solution for new broadband capacity whether in city centre or in remote rural
locations. Thousands of customers can quickly be connected to wireless broadband in a fraction
of the time taken using traditional wireline technologies. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless communications solutions to
Telecom Service Providers, Internet services provider, overnments, Institutes, Healthcare and
Enterprises.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
35/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 35
4.2 Major Players of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) in India
4.2.1 TATA Photon
Tata Photon Data Card is a removable computer component having small size like pen drive.
Being a wireless device, the tata photon card can be used to access internet even while
roaming. It helps you keep stay in touch with your internet world, wherever you go.
Tata has launched this new Tata Photon Data Card which is a wireless USB based Broadband
Service named as Tata Photon+. Tata Photon+ is having a speed of Up to 3.1 Mbps and we
can access internet from anywhere where there is mobile signal coverage. Downloading speed
depends on the networks and strength of networks.
Fig 4.1 TATA Photon Data Card (BWA)
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
http://tataindicomphoton.com/http://tataindicomphoton.com/7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
36/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 36
Tata Photon+ USB Data Card is a very easy to use plug and play device. Everything is
inbuilt into this small device. No cd or dvd is required. Just plug the data card into USB drive
of your laptop or desktop and start using it. As Tata Photon Data Card comes with Inbuilt
software that executes itself once you plugin to USB drive Installation process is pretty
simple and if you can just click Next then you can install it by yourself. Youll get the user
friendly interface and itll guide you what to do next. Just follow the steps. No additional
software is required. You can use the same Photon+ USB data card in any computer you need.
Look wise, the Tata Photon Data Card is sleek and stylish. It also comes with with MicroSD
card slot so that you can store data in it. It can support Upto 4GB of data storage. So, if you
have this device there is no need to carry extra pen drive to carry personal stuff. You can use
Tata Photon+ USB Data card for that. Speed of this device is excellent. Its 20 times faster than
normal internet connection. The Photon+ provides faster access to e-mail, audio and video
streaming without any break. It supports both laptops and desktop computers. Its compatible
with Windows 2000, XP, Vista, windows7, Mac OS, Linux. It means no need to worry which
operating system you are using.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
37/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 37
4.2.2 MTS Blaze
MTS Broadband provides Hi Speed Wireless Broadband Internet in India. Mblaze is the
wireless Data Card based Broadband Service from world's leading Mobile company
Now MTS Broadband is available in all major cities of India with speed up to 3.1 Mbps. In
other areas you can surf Internet with 1x CDMA technology.
Fig 4.2 MTS Blaze Data Card (BWA)
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
38/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 38
4.2.3 Vodafone
The Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick can work from anywhere with real-time access
to information, and no installation hassles.
Consumer just needs to plug it in the laptop and get connected to the Internet and the server.
Thats not all the Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick also gives the cutomers 3G
Broadband speeds while roaming abroad.
Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick connects your computer to the internet over the
Vodafone high-speed mobile phone network.
Browse the web
One can now access the web and any other internet service wherever theres a mobile phone
network.
Pick up emails
Keep up to date with your emails, wherever you are. One can also access its personal email
accounts even web-based accounts like Hotmail.
Send and receive SMS text messages*
One can send and receive SMS text messages straight from its computer. Vodafone SMS
provides an easy way to view messages, write new ones, and manage contact details
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
39/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 39
Fig 4.3 Vodafone Data Card (BWA)
Salient Features of 3G NetSetter
Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network.
Is easy to install just plug in and you are ready, no CDs required.
Gives 3G Broadband speeds when you travel abroad.
Works with your preferred VPN software, to give you secure access to your company
server and intranet.
Has many different tariff plans, so the customer can choose the one that meets their
requirements.
Saves you from high internet charges on your hotel bills.
Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network.
Supports SMS
Supports Micro SD card upto 2 GB.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
40/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 40
4.2.4 Airtel
Airtel Wireless Internet is an easy way to access the internet without the need for a landline. It
allows you to stay in touch whilst being on the move. Just plug your airtel USB Modem into
your computer for an instant Internet connection to take with you on the move. Airtel offers the
range of prepaid and postpaid plans, depending on the usage requirement.
Airtel offers the customers to be the most widespread network in the country. With its superior
Edge network wireless internet will be lot more fun without any movement barriers.
Fig 4.4 Airtel Data Card (BWA)
Advantages of using Airtel Data card
- Most widespread presence
- Easy to setup. Plug & Play
- Dedicated customer support
- Superior internet browsing on Airtel Edge network
- Attractive device prices & tariff plans
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
41/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 41
4.2.5 Idea Netsetter
Idea Cellular has launched the new Net Setter EG612 USB Modem (usable with both desktops
& Laptops) with data, & SMS facility. It is a conveniently slim & stylish solution for internet
access on the move. USB modem is a dedicated data access (GPRS) device to be used with
desktops / laptops for wireless internet (GPRS) access. Idea Net Setter is a terminal available
for high-speed wireless network access, with which the users can access the Internet in the
wireless way at home, office, outdoor sites and so on.
Fig 4.5 Idea Netsetter Data Card (BWA)
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
42/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 42
Salient Features of 3G NetSetter
Speed - 3G NetSetter support speed of up to 3.6Mbps on HSDPA network and is
backward compatible on our current EDGE/GPRS Network. On the current 2G
environment subscribers will continue to experience EDGE speeds of up to 236.8 Kbps.
SIM Lock - 3G NetSetter is being launched with a unique SIM Lock functionality
wherein the first SIM inserted in the device will be locked with the particular NetSetter
device, this will help us address current issues like subscribers not using bundled SIMs
and using SIM cards with mobile GPRS plan etc.
USSD Support - 3G NetSetter will enable Pre-paid subscribers to check pre-paid
balance though one click USSD option instead of the current SMS mode .
Operating System - 3G NetSetter support all existing and new operating systems like
Windows 7, Mac and Linux (limited versions)
The Idea Net Setter supports the following standards:
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
The Idea Net Setter supports the following services:
Data service
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
43/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 43
Short message service (SMS)
4.2.6 MTNL Broadband
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL), the 3G Mobile service provider, has launched
Micromax 3G Data Card with 2GB free. The Micromax MMX300G Plug and Play 3G Data
Card of MTNL will available over the companys HSDPA 3G network .
The MTNL 3G Data Card will enable anytime, anywhere instant High Speed wireless Internet
connectivity up to 3.6 MBPS for laptops and other computing devices, thereby significantly
benefiting business users, roamers and travellers.
Fig 4.6 MTNL Data Card (BWA)
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
44/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 44
Chapter 5 Research Methodology
5.1 Need for the study
The 21st century will perhaps be known because of this revolution. The computer and
internet have certainly changed our lives to a great extent. There was a time when people
used to send the mail (postal) to their dearest ones and it used to be the only source of
communication. Then came the telephone and now the internet is changing the method of
communication. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal
with everyday. Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly
everybody as it is one of the most forward-looking media and medium of the future.
BWA defined as Broadband Wireless Access to the internet is an access technology based
principally 3G/3G+/4G broadband cellular standards and a family of related WiFi/WiMax
standards. BWA is set to become the growth engine of the broadband industry and the
telecom industry at large. Ten years after the introduction of 3G, followed by the
phenomenal success of iPhone, introduction of Netbooks, and now continuing with
connected devices such as the iPad, BWA has become the fasted adopted technology to
date. Wireless broadband subscribers have been growing at a faster rate than fixed line
internet users.
5.2 Research Objective
To find out the tools through which the internet is being used
To find out the comparison between Fixed Line Internet and BWA
To find out the preference of BWA over Fixed Line Internet
To find the scope of BWA over a period of time
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
45/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 45
5.3 Sample Size
In order to get valid interpretation of the data, a sample size of 100 was pre-decided, which
comprised of 60 males and 40 females. The sample was further segregated on age groups of 20
25 years, 26 30 years, 31 35 years, 36 40 years and 41 45 years and monthly
household income groups of Rs. 15,000 and above. The sampling method used was
Convenience Random sampling. Due to some constraints, the survey could only be conducted
in some parts of Mumbai. Thus the study results would only be applicable to the city of
Mumbai and not for the whole country.
5.4 Sampling Procedure
The respondents were requested to fill the questionnaire in an unbiased manner and not leave
any question blank. Any doubts they had were clarified so as to get the right response from
them.
After the data collection process was completed, the data was analyzed using the statistical
software - SPSS v.16. Various statistical tools like Anova were used in order to get important
insights
5.5 Limitations of the Study
Sample: The sample is only from the city of Mumbai. To get a holistic and correct
understanding of the view of the consumers of the country it would be best if data was
collected from respondents all over the country.
Biasness: There was a level of biasness on the respondents part while answering the
questionnaire. People who hated BWA were mostly giving negative answers.
Questionnaire Length: Many respondents mentioned that the questionnaire was very
exhaustive. Due to this, responses to a few questions were given casually.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
46/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 46
Chapter 6 - Data Analysis and Interpretation
6.1 Data Analysis
6.1.1 Section 1
6.1.1.1 Respondent Profile
6.1.1.1.1 Age Group
Fig 6.1 Age group Distribution across the Sample
From the above figure it is clear that majority of the sample is from the younger age group of
20 years 25 years and forms 50% of the sample. Thus the analysis will be more from the
point of view of the younger generation.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
47/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 47
6.1.1.1.2 Gender
Fig 6.2 Gender Distribution across the Sample
From the above figure, it can be observed that the data collected is not of equal number of
males and females. The number of males is more than the number of females i.e. 60% belongs
to male and 40% belongs to female.
6.1.1.1.3 Profession of the respondents
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
48/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 48
Fig 6.3 Profession of the respondents
A major chunk i.e. 45% of the respondents is students who are at the verge of completing their
graduation or post graduation studies. They are the ones who consume more internets as
compared to other respondents.
Self-employed and salaried people have consumed the 2nd highest amount of internet i.e. 20%
of the respondents each.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
49/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 49
6.1.1.2 Ownership of internet connection
Fig 6.4 Ownership of internet connection
From the above figure it indicates that 75% out of total 100 respondents owned an internet
connection. This indicates that the internet penetration is quite good.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
50/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 50
6.1.1.3 Frequency of internet usage
Fig 6.5 Frequency of internet usage
A majority of people i.e. 73.33% said that they use internet on daily basis. It means that a good
amount of people uses internet daily and this shows a positive sign to the internet service
providers.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
51/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 51
6.1.1.4 Purpose of using the internet
Fig 6.6 Purpose of using the internet
Majority of them i.e. 53.33% prefer surfing online followed by 33.33% prefer mailing. This
clearly indicates that students in the age group of 20-25 prefer surfing online mostly to gather
information.
Salaried and Self-employed being 2nd highest in internet consumption prefers mailing for
official purpose.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
52/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 52
6.1.1.5 Importance of internet usage
6.1.1.5.1 with respect to home
Fig 6.7 Importance of internet usage with respect to home
From the above figure, majority of the respondents i.e. out of 75 respondents 53.33% of the
respondents uses internet quite frequently at home.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
53/90
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
54/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 54
6.1.1.5.3 with respect to Travelling
Fig 6.9 Importance of internet usage with respect to Travelling
Out of 75 respondents, 40% of them have medium usage of internet while travelling followed
by 33.33% has high usage of internet while travelling. This clearly indicates that while
travelling people prefer using internet on laptop and there is good potential for internet service
provider especially BWA service providers to improve their efficiency of service in terms of
connectivity, speed,etc.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
55/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 55
6.1.1.5.4 with respect to Cyber Cafe
Fig 6.10 Importance of internet usage with respect to Cyber Cafe
60% including Low usage and medium usage of internet indicates that people prefer having
their own internet connection either at home or at office.
6.1.1.6 Device through which internet is being used
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
56/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 56
Fig 6.11 Device through which internet is being used
Majority of the respondents i.e. 66.67% uses internet on computer. However, due to greater
accessibility of laptop available at affordable prices there is a potential for consumers who
would prefer migrating from computer to laptops in near future.
6.1.1.7 Type of internet connection owned
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
57/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 57
Fig 6.12 Type of internet connection owned
As there are majority of the respondents who uses computer, so apparently they owned Fixed
Line Internet, however, those who use Laptop prefer using BWA as their internet connection
So, now the trend is that people prefer migrating from Computer to either laptop or Notebook
or Net book or Tablet which seems that BWA has a bright future ahead.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
58/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 58
6.1.1.8 Brand used
6.1.1.8.1 by Fixed Line Internet owners
Fig 6.13 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners
A major chunk of respondents i.e. 30% uses MTNL as their Fixed Line Internet followed by
20% and 18% uses TATA and Hathway respectively. As MTNL being a government
organisation has some kind of trust attached to it due to which consumers prefer using MTNL
as their Fixed Internet connection. Considering Private organisation same goes with TATA i.e.
20% prefer TATA as their Fixed Line Internet connection.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
59/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 59
6.1.1.8.2 by BWA owners
Fig 6.14 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners
Out of the total 25 respondents, 60% of them prefer TATA Photon as their BWA connection
this could be because of the first mover advantage taken TATA Photon to capture the Indian
Market.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
60/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 60
6.1.1.9 Factors that would considered to buy internet connection
Ho: There are no significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an
internet connection
Ha: There are significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an internet
connection
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
61/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 61
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 11.878 5 2.376 1.610 .156
Within Groups 655.280 444 1.476
Total 667.158 449
Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection
Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the buying of
internet connection with
respect to certain
parameters N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1
Better Subscription plan 75 3.60
Convenience 75 3.69
Peer or Family influence 75 3.80
Service 75 3.87
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
62/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 62
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 11.878 5 2.376 1.610 .156
Within Groups 655.280 444 1.476
Total 667.158 449
Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection
Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the buying of
internet connection with
respect to certainN
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1
Better Subscription plan 75 3.60
Convenience 75 3.69
Peer or Family influence 75 3.80
Service 75 3.87
Economic 75 4.00
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
63/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 63
6.1.1.10 Ratings to compare Fixed Line internet vis-a-vis BWA
Ho: There are no significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet
Ha: There are significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 90.677 4 22.669 16.919 .000
Within Groups 495.760 370 1.340
Total 586.437 374
Table 6.3 Anova analysis on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
64/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 64
Homogeneous SubsetsThis represents the
parameters on which
rating is given N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3
Convenience 75 2.87
Service 75 3.67
Better Monthly Plans 75 3.80 3.80
Economic 75 4.17 4.17
Speed 75 4.24
Sig. 1.000 .059 .138
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 75.
Table 6.4 - Tukey test on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet
Reject Ho, i.e. there are significant differences in parameters that can be compared Fixed Line
internet with BWA since the degree of significance is 0.000 which is lesser than 0.05. Also, it
is observed that the Speed is the most liked factor in Fixed Line Internet. The least liked factor
is the Convenience.
Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
65/90
7/31/2019 (P3) Final Project
66/90
Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 66
Homogeneous Subsets
This represents the
Parameters on which
rating is given N
Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2 3
Economic 75 2.60
Service 75 2.