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Chemistry of Lifechapter 2
Chemistry of Lifechapter 2
•Atoms - the basic unit of matter
•Made up of 3 parts
Atomic structureAtomic structure
• Protons (+) charge
• Neutron (0) charge
• Electrons (-) charge
ElementElement
• A pure substance that consist only one type of atom
• EX: C,H,O,N
ISOTOPESISOTOPES
• Atoms of the same element that have different # of neutrons
28
Ni
Nickel
58.71
1. Atomic #
2. Element symbol
3. Name of atom
4. Average atomic mass
CompoundCompound
• A substance formed when two or more elements combine in a definite proportions
Figuring out atomic structureFiguring out atomic structure
How many protons, electrons, & neutrons does carbon have?
CarbonCarbon
• Atomic number = 6
• Carbon will have 6 protons & 6 electrons
• Atomic mass = 12• (round atomic number to a whole #)
• To calculate # of neutrons:
• Atomic mass 12• - atomic # - 6• = neutron # 6
Lets try one moreLets try one more
• Find the # of protons,
electrons, & neutrons
for chlorine
• Chlorine:• Atomic # is 17,• It has 17 protons & 17
electrons
• Atomic mass 35• Atomic # -17
neutron # = 18
Molecules and BondingMolecules and Bonding
• more ways to view molecules
Chemical BONDS!Chemical BONDS!
• Chemical Bonds: Are the electrical forces linking atoms.
Molecules and BondingMolecules and Bonding
Two Types!
•Covalent Bonds: Are characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms.
Molecules and BondingMolecules and Bonding
Two Types!
•Ionic Bonds: Are characterized by the Stealing or Giving of electrons between atoms.
Molecules and BondingMolecules and Bonding
Molecules and BondingMolecules and Bonding
• How many bonds can an element make?
Count the bonds for Carbon!
Properties of WaterProperties of Water
• Water is a Polar Molecule
• Uneven Electrical Charge
Properties of WaterProperties of Water
• Water is essential for life!!!
• 78% of the body is made up water
• It is the universal solvent
• The body’s chemical reactions require water!