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BMLEnabledInforma1onExchangeFramework

inSESontologyforC2

HojunLeeBernardP.Zeigler

ArizonaCenterforIntegra1veModeling&Simula1onUniversityofArizona

andRTSyncCorp

Overview

•  Mo#va#on:ontology‐baseddatafusionforC2

•  Review–  theInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)andthe

SystemEn#tyStructure(SES)

–  JDLDataFusionProcessModel

–  BaJleManagementLanguage(BML)

•  Approachtointegra#ngBMLintotheIEFintheC2DataFusionContext

•  Resul#ngArchitectureforC2DataFusion

•  Conclusions/FutureWork

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C2NeedsforOntology‐basedDataFusionFramework

•  C2needsinforma#on–  Firststeptoplanmilitaryopera#onsisgatheringinforma#on.

–  Morerefinedinforma#onismorevaluable.

•  C2systemsneedanInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)tosupportsrequestsforhighlevelinforma#onaswellassimpleobjectdatafromvariousinforma#onsources

•  BaJleManagementLanguage(BML)expressesuserrequirementsandinvokesinforma#onexchangeprocessinSESontology.

Informa1onExchangeFramework

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ApproachtoIntegra1ngBMLintotheInforma1onExchangeFramework

DevelopSESsfor• Radar• Rela1ons• Threats

ExtendBMLtoexpressrequestsfor• AirTargets:Level1info• AirSitua1on:Level2info• AirThreat:Level3info

ExtendBMLtoexpressreportstomatchlevelsofrequests

DevelopPruningandTransforma1onOpera1onstosa1sfytheBMLrequest

JDLDataFusionProcessModel(1/2)Refinementprocessesinsensornetworksmappingrawdataintouseableproducts

Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Model

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JDLDataFusionProcessModel(2/2)

•  Level0apreprocessingsteponsensorlevel•  Level1(ObjectRefinement)–refinetheobjectsor

en##es’representa#on

•  Level2(Situa#onRefinement)–describethecurrentrela#onshipsamongen##es.

•  Level3(ThreatRefinement)–projectcurrentsitua#ontothenearfuture

•  Level5(UserRefinement)–emphasisonuserrolesincehigherlevelinforma1onisrelatedtotemporal/spa1alcoordinatesspecifiedbyusers

 correspondstothepragma#cframeinIEF

Background‐SystemEn1tyStructure(SES)

•  En1ty:realworldobjects,madeofotherchildrenen##es.

•  Aspect:representsthelabeleddecomposi#onrela#onbetweentheparentandthechildren.

•  Specializa1on:labeledrela#onthatexpressesalterna#vechoicesthatasystemen#tycantakeon.

•  Mul1‐Aspect:isanaspectthatexpressesanallofonekinddecomposi#on.

•  Variables:areslotsaJachedtoanen#ty.Theslotscantakevaluesinaspecifictypeandrange.

•  inheritance:theparentandanychildofaspecializa#oncombinetheirindividualvariables,aspectsandspecializa#onswhenpruningisac#vated

A formal framework for ontology development •  especially to enable automation in modeling and simulation •  applicable to complex data-engineering •  set-theoretically defined •  implemented in XML-based SES-Builder

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SystemEn1tyStructure:WineOntologyExample

WhiteWineColor

Regions

Region MultiAsp

Wine

WineColorSpec

RedWineColor

RoseWineColor

Region

WineTasteSpec

regionGrows

regionGrowsMultiAsp

wineCountryDec

Region Wine

wineCountry

WineDec

WineGrowing entity

aspect

specialization multiple aspect

SESSupportsStructureMappings

•  Structuralopera#onsinSESontologyframework–  Pruning:opera#ontocutoffunnecessarystructureinSES

•  Assignsomevaluestospecificen##es

•  Trimtogeten##eswhichuserrequires

–  Transforma#on:mappingfromoneontologytoanother.

•  Theseopera#onsareinvokedbyuserrequirements–thepragma#cframeinInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)

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Ba]leManagementLanguage(BML)•  Aformalcommandandcontrollanguage

–  Anunambiguouslanguageusedtocommandandcontrolforcesandequipmentconduc1ngmilitaryopera1ons

–  toprovideforsitua1onalawarenessandshared,commonopera1onalpictures–  understandabletohumansandmachines

•  Intendedtobridgegapbetween–  C2system(Human)andsimulatedforces(Machines).–  C2system(Human)andrealforces(Human).–  C2system(Human)androbo1cforces(Machine)infuture

•  OrderandRequest

–  OB→VerbTaskerTaskee(Affected|Ac#on)WhereStart‐When(End‐When)WhyLabel(Mod)*

•  Report–  RB→task‐reportVerbExecuter(Affected|Ac#on)WhereWhen(Why)Certainty

Label(Mod)*

–  RB→event‐reportEVerb(Affected|Ac#on)WhereWhenCertainlyLabel(Mod)*–  RB→status‐reportHos#lityRegarding(Iden#fica#onStatus‐value)WhereWhen

CertaintyLabel(Mod)*

FocusonRequestandReport

ExtendingBMLtotheInforma1onExchangeFramework

•  BMLisextendedtoexpressmilitarypragma#cframesforhighlevelinforma#onfusioninsensornetworks

•  Request–  OB→requestContentsTaskerTaskee(Affected|Ac#on)Interest‐

Where(Tasker‐Where)Start‐When(End‐When)(Interval‐When)WhyLabel(Mod)*

–  Applyvarious‘Contents’formul#‐levelinforequest.•  AirTargetsInfo:Level1info•  AirSitua#on:Level2info•  AirThreat:Level3info

–  Add‘Tasker‐Where’and‘Interval‐When’forhighlevelinfoprocess.

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ExtendingBMLforIEF(Cont’d)

•  Report– RB→status‐reportHos#lity(Rela#ons/Situa#on)(Threat)Regarding(Iden#fica#onStatus‐value)WhereWhenCertaintyLabel(Mod)*

– Add‘Rela#ons/Situa#on’and‘Threat’forlevel2/3info.

Click to Expand

Click to Expand

DetermineRela1onsbyfeatures•  Affilia1onbyiff•  Speedbyvelocity•  Aggressivenessbyotherreports

•  Distancebyrela1vedistancerangebetweentargetsandusers

•  Direc1onbyrela1vetargetheading

Transforma1onandPruning:Rela1ontoThreatSESs

Rela#on‐SES

Threat-SES

Example:Atargetishos#le,slow,neutral,away,outofwarningrange,outofac#onrangefromthecommander.

PredefinedRulesmapthesetofrela1onstothethreattypesinThreat‐SES

Example:Thetargetiscau#ous.

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15

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Resul1ngDataFusionSystemArchitecture

Conclusions

•  Weproposedaninforma#onexchangeframeworkfordatafusioninsensornetworks

•  ExtendedBMLtoexpresspragma#cframesinaunambiguousway

•  BMLrequestsinvokeontologicalopera#onsinSEStoprovidethreatlevelreportschemata

•  Theapproachcaststhedatafusionprocessdevelopmentwithinanontologicalframeworkthatisamenabletomodelingandsimula#on

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FutureWork

•  Studycompa#bilityofourapproachwithexis#ngBMLsystem.

•  ExtendframeworktofabricatethewholebaJle‐fieldpictureincludinggroundpicture.

•  StudyinteroperabilityissueswithanothermessageformatsuchasCursoronTarget(CoT).

•  FurtherdevelopmentforGIG/SOAWebServicescontext–  NetworkCentricEnterpriseServices(NCES)andNetEnabledC2

(NECC)maybenefitfromtheBMLenhancedInforma#onExchangeFramework

devsworld.org www.acims.arizona.edu Rtsync.com

BooksandWebLinks

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MoreDemosandLinksh]p://www.acims.arizona.edu/demos/demos.shtml

•  NTAC_DEMO(Marketplace_demo,MarketplaceObserver_demo)

•  IntegratedDevelopmentandTes1ngMethodology:

•  AutoDEVS(ppt)&DEMO

–  Naturallanguage‐basedAutomatedDEVSmodelgenera1on

–  BPMN/BPEL‐basedAutomatedDEVSmodelgenera1on

–  Net‐centricSOAExecu1onofDEVSmodels

–  DEVSUnifiedProcessforIntegratedDevelopmentandTes1ngofSOA

•  IntrusionDetec1onSystemonDEVS/SOA

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BACKUP

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BMLforIEFHowBMLinvokesontologicalopera#onsinSES

–  PruningBML‐SESinSchemaformat

BMLforIEF

•  PrunedBML‐SESextractsdatafromprunedRadar‐SES(mappingrela#onsfromBML‐SEStoRadar‐SES)– Radar‐SESisaSESontologytodealwithradardata

•  ForLevel1– BindprunedBML‐SESwithextracteddata

– Sendbacktouser

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RadarSES

Red dot lines represent pruned entities

BMLforIEF

•  ForLevel2/3– ProceedtoSitua#onAwarenessprocessinSESontology

– FeaturebasedRela#on‐SESpruningprocess– Rela#onsandRulebasedThreat‐SESpruningprocess

– BindprunedBMLwithlevel2/3datainprunedRela#on‐SESandprunedThreat‐SES.

– Sendbacktouser

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Examples

•  Scenario1–  Thecommanderof01baJalionwantstoreceivecon#nually

updatedbasicinforma#onofair‐targetsconcerningdangerousflyingobjectsintheneighborhoodofapoint(Xp,Yp)inCartesiancoordinatesystemwithradiusof4miles,tounderstandcurrentairspacesitua#on.

•  BMLRequest–  requestAirTargetsInfo01Bat001FCatXp,Ypwithradiusof4startatnowlabel‐r‐001

–  ‘Where’couldbearea,notpinpoint.Soitisassumedasacircle.

•  ‘AirTargetsInfo’ requests Level 1 info and perform a pruning process in BML-SES

Examples

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•  Data binding with data in pruned Radar-SES •  BML Report at every interval period

•  status-report one hostile interceptor at 30, 30 at now fact label-sr-001

•  Scenario 2 •  The same commander now wants to recognize threatening targets

in the same area. He wants to determine whether or not he needs to turn the unit to yellow alert in accordance with the received threat analysis results.

Examples

Examples

•  BMLRequest–  requestAirThreat01Bat 001FCatXp,Ypwithradiusof4at

Uxp,Uypstartatnowlabel‐r‐002

–  Adduserloca#oninfoforlevel2,3processes.–  ‘AirThreat’invokeslevel3process.Dothesamepruningas

example1exceptlevelen##es.

•  FeaturebasedpruninginRela#ons‐SES–  Targetfeatures:loca#on,velocity,heading,iff–  Userfeatures:loca#on

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Examples

–  DetermineRela#onsbyfeatures•  Affilia#onbyiff

•  Speedbyvelocity•  Aggressivenessbyotherreports•  Distancebyrela#vedistancerangebetweentargetsandusers•  Direc#onbyrela#vetargetheading

–  Itcouldbethefollowingrela#onset:•  Atargetishos#le,slow,neutral,away,outofwarningrange,outofac#onrangefromthecommander.

•  PredefinedRulesaboutthesetofrela#onsdeterminesthethreattypesinThreat‐SES–  Thetargetiscau#ous.

Examples

•  ItcomesbacktoC2systemasareport:– status‐reportonehos#lecau#ousinterceptor

at32,32atnowfactlabel‐sr‐002