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Overland Park / Kansas City 21 May 2013. From ARIN. Staff Einar Bohlin , Senior Policy Analyst Mark Kosters , Chief Technology Officer Jon Worley , Senior Resource Analyst Board and Advisory Council Aaron Hughes , ARIN Board of Trustees Bill Darte , ARIN Advisory Council. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Overland Park / Kansas City21 May 2013
From ARIN
• Staff
– Einar Bohlin, Senior Policy Analyst
– Mark Kosters, Chief Technology Officer
– Jon Worley, Senior Resource Analyst
• Board and Advisory Council
– Aaron Hughes, ARIN Board of Trustees
– Bill Darte, ARIN Advisory Council
Today’s Agenda1. ARIN and Internet Governance2. Requesting and Managing Internet Number Resources 3. Automating Your Interactions with ARIN4. IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption in the ARIN Region5. Number Resource Policies and Procedures
6. Lunch
7. ARIN’s Policy Development Process8. Current Number Resource Policy Discussions9. Securing DNS and Routing: DNSSEC and RPKI10. IPv4 Transfer Market11.Why Participate in the ARIN Community?12.Q&A / Open Mic Session
Fill out our survey and submit it for 2 drawings at the end of the program.
Win a $100 Amazon gift card!
Let’s Get Started!
• Self introductions – Name– Organization
ARIN and Internet Governance
Einar BohlinSenior Policy Analyst
What is an RIR?• An organization that manages
the allocation and registration of Internet number resources within a particular region of the world. – Internet number resources include
IP addresses and autonomous system (AS) numbers.
Regional Internet Registries
Historical Timeline
Historical Timeline
Not-for-profitMembership Organization
Community Regulated
• Fee for services, not number resources
• 100% community funded
• Broad-based
- Private sector - Public sector - Civil society
• Community developed policies
• Member-elected executive board
• Open and transparent
RIR Structure
Number Resources Organization Policy
Development• IP address
allocation & assignment
• ASN assignment• Directory
services• Whois• IRR
• Reverse DNS
• Elections
• Meetings
• Information dissemination
• Website• Newsletters• Roundtables
• Training
• Maintain email discussion lists
• Conduct public policy meetings
• Publish policy documents
RIR Services
The NRO exists to protect the unallocated number resource pool, to promote and protect the bottom-up
policy development process, and to act as a focal point for Internet community input into the RIR system.
Number Resource Organization
Who Provisions IP Addresses & ASNs?
ICANNIANA
• Top level technical coordination of the Internet (Names, Numbers, Root Servers)• Manage global unallocated IP address pool
• Allocate number resources to RIRs
RIR• Manage regional unallocated IP address pool
• Allocate number resources to ISPs/LIRs• Assign number resources to End-users
ISP/LIR
• Manage local IP address pool for use by customers and for infrastructure
• Allocate number resources to ISPs• Assign number resources to End-users
Number Resource Provisioning
”ARIN, a nonprofit member-based organization, supports the operation of the Internet through
the management of Internet number resources throughout its service region;
coordinates the development of policies by the community for the management of Internet
Protocol number resources; and advances the Internet through informational outreach."
About ARIN
• One of five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
• Established December 1997
• Provides services related to the technical coordination and management of Internet number resources
• Is a non-profit, community-based organization governed by a member-elected executive board
ARIN’s Service Region
ARIN’s region includes many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, Canada and the United States.
ARIN Structure
ARIN Board of Trustees
• 7 members; 6 elected by membership, President & CEO hired by the Board
• 2 seats up for election each year; 3 year terms
• Maintains authority over scope and mission; along with the President & CEO establishes strategic direction and maintains financial oversight
ARIN Advisory Council
• 15 members elected by the membership• 5 seats up for election each year; 3 year
terms• Advise the Board of Trustees on Internet
resource policy and related matters• Develop clear, technically sound and
useful number policy based on community initiated proposals
• Participate in many outreach events
ARIN’s Core Services
– Allocates and assigns Internet number resources
– Maintains Whois, in-addr.arpa
– Facilitates policy development
– Provides training, education and outreach
– Participates in the global Internet community
– Additional services: DNS security, WhoWas, resource certification
2013 Community Outreach Events
Upcoming Events include: – More ARIN on the Roads– IABC World Conference– CANTO– Interop New York– NANOG 58 (Public Policy Consultation)– Internet Governance Forum– Canadian ISP Summit
http://www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/Internet%20Ecosystem.pdf
ARIN Participation in Internet Governance
• Represent Internet community in key forums – decision making or discussion
• Educate governments and international organizations on: RIR structure, bottom-up community driven number resource management model
• Serve as key resource within debate contributing information, ideas and technical knowledge
Where ARIN Participates
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU); sector members
• Internet Governance Forum (IGF)• Working groups, such as UN
Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)• Regional organizations and fora:
– CITEL, CTU, CANTO, OECD – ITAC and more
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)• United Nations (UN) agency for
information and communication technologies (ICTs)
• Participation limited to– Member States - 193– ITU Sector Members and Associates– Academia
• Creates globally recognized treaties
29
Current Environment2013:–Fifth World Telecommunication
ICT Policy Forum (WTPF)– Internet Governance Forum (IGF)2014:–Word Telecommunication
Development Conference (WTDC)– ITU Plenipotentiary
Internet Governance
Internet Governance Forum
• A non-decisional open multi-stakeholder forum for collaborative Internet policy dialogue
• Many stakeholders– Equal opportunity & voice for developing and
developed countries
• Provides info and insight for public & private sector policy makers– No negotiated outcomes
• 8th Annual IGF– Bali, Indonesia in October– NRO contributes financial support, others can too
Q&A
Jon WorleySenior Resource Analyst
Requesting & Managing Internet Number
Resources
Overview• Request and Manage Number
Resources– Recently Added ARIN Online Functionality– RESTful Provisioning
• Recently Implemented Policies• Status of IPv4 • Future Services
Major Changes in Functionality1) Resource Requests2) POC Validation3) View Invoices4) WhoWas
5) Routing Registry6) Extended Statistics
Requesting IP addresses & ASNs• Via ARIN Online only• Officer attestation for IP requests
now done via a signed form (instead of email)
• Asking to confirm in-region use
IPv6: ISP or End User?
• Particularly relevant to government and education
• End user: relatively static, defined set of sites to number
• ISP: dynamic, dependent on number of external customers who choose to participate
Annual POC Validation• Annual validation of each POC handle
required (NRPM 3.6)
• If an ARIN Online account is linked to any POC that has been unvalidated for 60+ days, the system forces validation by preventing the account from performing normal actions.
View Invoices
• Can now view paid and open invoices via ARIN Online
• Goes back 2 years
• Available to Admin, Tech, and Billing POC
WhoWas
• Made publicly available in March 2012
• Historical Information for registration of IP addresses and AS numbers
• Provided as a series of TSV files in .zip
• Requires agreement to WhoWas ToU
Template Changes
• Resource request templates deprecated
• Transfers and SWIPs still done with templates
• API key required to authorize processing– Generated via ARIN Online– http://www.arin.net/features/api_keys.ht
ml
Routing Registry Upgrade
• Support for MD5-PW and PGP authentication
• Mail-from works a little differently– If you encounter problems, contact us
directly for a manual upgrade
NRO-Format Extended Statistics• Deployed 2/19/2013
• Define what’s:– registered– reserved– available
Q&A
Mark KostersChief Technology Officer
Automating Your Interactions with ARIN
Why Automate?
• Interact with ARIN faster• Build a customized system using
standards-based technologies• Improved accuracy• Integrate multiple services
REST – The New Services
• Three RESTful Web Services (RWS)– Whois-RWS
• Provides public Whois data via REST
– Reg-RWS (or Registration-RWS)• Allows customers to register and maintain
data in a programmatic fashion
– Bulk Whois• Permits download of bulk data under an AUP
What is REST?• Representational State Transfer
• As applied to web services– defines a pattern of usage with HTTP to
create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) data
– “Resources” are addressable in URLs
• Very popular protocol model– Amazon S3, Yahoo & Google services, …
The BIG Advantage of REST• Easily understood
– Any modern programmer can incorporate it– Can look like web pages
• Re-uses HTTP in a simple manner– Many, many clients– Other HTTP advantages
• This is why it is very, very popular with Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr, …
What does it look like?Who can use it?
http://whois.arin.net/rest/poc/KOSTE-ARIN
Where the data is.
What type of data it is.
The ID of the data.
It is a standard URL. Anyone can use it.Go ahead, put it into your browser.
Where can more information on REST be found?
• RESTful Web Services– O’Reilly Media
– Leonard Richardson
– Sam Ruby
Whois-RWS• Publicly accessible, just like traditional
Whois• Searches and lookups on IP addresses,
AS numbers, POCs, Orgs, etc…• Very popular
– As of September 2012, constitutes 60% of our query load
• For more information:– http://www.arin.net/resources/whoisrws/index.html
Registration RWS (Reg-RWS)
• Programmatic way to interact with ARIN– Intended to be used for automation– Not meant to be used by humans
• Useful for ISPs that manage a large number of SWIP records
• Requires an investment of time to achieve those benefits
Reg-RWS
• Requires an API Key– You generate one in ARIN Online on the
“Web Account” page• Permits you to register and manage
your data (ORGs, POCs, NETs, ASes)– But only your data
• More information– http://www.arin.net/resources/restful-interfaces.htm
l
Anatomy of a RESTful request• Uses a URL (just like you would type
into your browser)• Uses a request type, known as a
“method”, of GET, PUT, POST or DELETE
• Usually requires a payload– Adheres to a published structure– Depends upon the type of data– Depends upon the method
Example – Reassign Detailed• Your automated system issues a PUT
command to ARIN using the following URL:http:/
/www.arin.net/rest/net/NET-10-129-0-0-1/reassign?apikey=API-1234-5678-9ABC-DEFG
The payload contains the following data:
<net xmlns="http://www.arin.net/regrws/core/v1" > <version>4</version> <comment></comment> <registrationDate></registrationDate> <orgHandle>HW-1</orgHandle> <handle></handle> <netBlocks> <netBlock> <type>A</type> <description>Reassigned</description> <startAddress>10.129.0.0</startAddress> <endAddress>10.129.0.255</endAddress> <cidrLength>24</cidrLength> </netBlock> </netBlocks> <parentNetHandle>NET-10-129-0-0-1</parentNetHandle> <netName>HELLOWORLD</netName> <originASes></originASes> <pocLinks></pocLinks></net>
Example – Reassign DetailedARIN’s web server returns the
following to your automated system:<net xmlns="http://www.arin.net/regrws/core/v1" ><version>4</version><comment></comment><registrationDate>Tue Jan 25 16:17:18 EST 2011</registrationDate><orgHandle>HW-1</orgHandle><handle>NET-10-129-0-0-2</handle><netBlocks><netBlock><type>A</type><description>Reassigned</description><startAddress>10.129.0.0</startAddress><endAddress>10.129.0.255</endAddress><cidrLength>24</cidrLength></netBlock></netBlocks><parentNetHandle>NET-10-129-0-0-1</parentNetHandle><netName>netName>HELLOWORLD</netName><originASes></originASes><pocLinks></pocLinks></net>
Reg-RWS Has More Than Templates
• Only programmatic way to do IPv6 Reassign Simple
• Only programmatic way to manage Reverse DNS
• Only programmatic way to access your ARIN tickets
Reg-RWS adoption at ARIN
– In 2012…• 1.01M transactions processed
– 375K processed via Reg-RWS (37%)– 635K processed via Template (63%)
– In 2013…• 600K transactions processed thru March
– 415K processed via Reg-RWS (69%)– 185K processed via Template (31%)
Testing Your Reg-RWS Client• We offer an Operational Test &
Evaluation environment for Reg-RWS• Your real data, but isolated
– Helps you develop against a real system without the worry that real data could get corrupted
• For more information:– http://www.arin.net/announcements/2011/20110215.htm
l
Obtaining RESTful Assistance• http://www.arin.net/resources/restful-interfaces.html
• ARIN Online’s Ask ARIN feature• arin-tech-discuss mailing list
– Make sure to subscribe– Someone on the list will help you ASAP– Archives on the web site
• Registration Services Help Desk telephone not a good fit– Debugging these problems requires a
detailed look at the URL, method, and payload being used
Bulk Whois
• You must first sign an AUP– ARIN staff will review your need to
access bulk Whois data
• Requires an API Key• More information
– http://www.arin.net/resources/request/bulkwhois.html
Q&A
Jon WorleySenior Resource Analyst
IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption in the ARIN
Region
Inventory Report• IANA IPv4 free pool now exhausted
– ARIN received its last /8 from IANA in February 2011
– ARIN had ~5.49 /8 equivalents at that time
• Daily inventory published on ARIN’s web site– Now includes CIDR breakdown
ARIN’s IPv4 InventoryAs of 20 May 2013, ARIN has 2.37 /8 equivalents of IPv4 addresses remaining
IPv4 inventory published on
ARIN’s website: www.arin.net
Updated daily @ 8PM ET
ARIN 2013 Requests for IPv4 Address Space (by category)
2013 IPv4 Delegations Issued by ARIN (listed in /24s)
IPv4 ISP Annual Burn Rate
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
# /24s Issued
# /24s Issued
ARIN’s IPv4 Free Pool
2/2/1
1
2/26/1
1
3/22/1
1
4/15/1
1
5/9/1
1
6/2/1
1
6/26/1
1
7/20/1
1
8/13/1
1
9/6/1
1
9/30/1
1
10/24/1
1
11/17/1
1
12/11/1
1
1/4/1
2
1/28/1
2
2/21/1
2
3/16/1
2
4/9/1
2
5/3/1
2
5/27/1
2
6/20/1
2
7/14/1
2
8/7/1
2
8/31/1
2
9/24/1
2
10/18/1
2
11/11/1
2
12/5/1
2
12/29/1
2
1/22/1
3
2/15/1
3
3/11/1
3
4/4/1
3
4/28/1
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
/8 Equivalents
Linear Depletion Projection
2/2/1
1
3/8/1
1
4/11/1
1
5/15/1
1
6/18/1
1
7/22/1
1
8/25/1
1
9/28/1
1
11/1/1
1
12/5/1
1
1/8/1
2
2/11/1
2
3/16/1
2
4/19/1
2
5/23/1
2
6/26/1
2
7/30/1
2
9/2/1
2
10/6/1
2
11/9/1
2
12/13/1
2
1/16/1
3
2/19/1
3
3/25/1
3
4/28/1
3
6/1/1
3
7/5/1
3
8/8/1
3
9/11/1
3
10/15/1
3
11/18/1
3
12/22/1
3
1/25/1
4
2/28/1
4
4/3/1
4
5/7/1
4
6/10/1
4
7/14/1
4
8/17/1
4
9/20/1
4
10/24/1
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
Run On The Bank Projection
2/2/1
1
3/8/1
1
4/11/1
1
5/15/1
1
6/18/1
1
7/22/1
1
8/25/1
1
9/28/1
1
11/1/1
1
12/5/1
1
1/8/1
2
2/11/1
2
3/16/1
2
4/19/1
2
5/23/1
2
6/26/1
2
7/30/1
2
9/2/1
2
10/6/1
2
11/9/1
2
12/13/1
2
1/16/1
3
2/19/1
3
3/25/1
3
4/28/1
3
6/1/1
3
7/5/1
3
8/8/1
3
9/11/1
3
10/15/1
3
11/18/1
3
12/22/1
3
1/25/1
4
2/28/1
4
4/3/1
4
5/7/1
4
6/10/1
4
7/14/1
4
8/17/1
4
9/20/1
4
10/24/1
40
1
2
3
4
5
6
ARIN’s IPv4 Countdown Plan• Phased implementation • Phase 2: 3 /8 Equivalents Left
– /16 and larger requests team-reviewed in a first in, first out fashion
– 60 days to complete payment/RSA for IPv4 requests
– IPv4 hold period moves from 6 to 3 months
ARIN’s IPv4 Countdown Plan• Phase 3: 2 /8 Equivalents Left
– Examine process changes implemented in phase 2 and adjust as necessary
• Phase 4: 1 /8 Equivalent Left– All IPv4 requests team-reviewed and
processed on a first in, first out basis– IPv4 hold period drops to 1 month
IPv4 Waiting List• Starts when ARIN can’t fill a justified
request• Option to specify smallest acceptable
size• If no block available between approved
and smallest acceptable size, option to go on the waiting list
• May receive only one allocation every three months
IPv4 Churn • IPv4 addresses go back into ARIN’s
free pool 3 ways– Return = voluntary– Revoke = for cause (usually
nonpayment)– Reclaimed = fraud or business
dissolution
• 3.54 /8s received back since 2005– /8 equivalent returned to IANA in 2012
Burn Rate vs. Churn Rate
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
# /24s received back# /24s issued
Burn Rate vs. Churn Rate - ASNs
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
ASNs received backASNs issued
IPv6 over time
ARIN IPv6 Allocations and Assignments
ARIN 2013 IPv6 Address Allocations & Requests
IPv4 vs IPv6 SubscribersTotal of 4,383 ISP Subscriber Members
*as of 15 May 2013
ISP Members with IPv4 and IPv6
2010Q1 2010Q3 2011Q1 2011Q3 2012Q1 2012Q3 2013Q1
% IPv4 Only 0.8 0.75 0.7 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.6
% IPv4 and IPv6 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4
5%
15%
25%
35%
45%
55%
65%
75%
85%
The Solution to IPv4 Depletion
• IPv6 must be adopted for continued internet growth
• Now is the time to deploy IPv6
Everyone needs an IPv6 Plan• Each organization
must decide on a unique IPv6 deployment plan right for them– Timeline will vary– Investment level will
vary
Your IPv6 Check List
IPv6 address space
IPv6 connectivity (native or tunneled)
Operating systems, software, and network management tool upgrades
Router, firewall, and other hardware upgrades
IT staff and customer service training
Take steps toward IPv6
• Visit the ARIN IPv6 Info Center
www.arin.net/knowledge/ipv6_info_center.html
Resourceswww.ARIN.net
www.GetIPv6.info
www.TeamARIN.net
http://www.InternetSociety.org/Deploy360/
http://www.NANOG.org/archives/
Q&A
Jon WorleySenior Resource Analyst
Number Resource Policies
and Procedures
New Fee Schedule
• Goes into effect 1 July• Fees continue to be based on cost
recovery• Goal to balance overall fees to
better align fees with services provided
New Fee Schedule – Initial Assignments/Allocations
• New categories – XX-Small (v4 /22 and smaller, v6 /48)– XX-Large (v4 more than /12, v6 more
than /20)
• Lower initial assignment/allocation fees
Examples
• /24 IPv4 and /48 IPv6 minimum assignments go down from $1,250 to $500
• /22 minimum IPv4 allocation goes down from $1,250 to $500
New Fee Schedule – End User Annual Maintenance
• $100 per ASN, IPv4, and IPv6 registration
• Registration = one AS number or network registration in Whois
New Fee Schedule – IPv4 ISP Annual Renewal• Based on aggregate holdings• Roughly two thirds with lower
annual fees and one third with higher annual fees– Downgrades: generally ISPs with one
or two blocks– Upgrades: ISPs that have received lots
of v4 over an extended time and/or have more than a /12 equivalent
Some Examples
• ISP that got a /20 10 years ago and nothing since drops from $2,250 to $1,000
• ISP that has been getting a /20 per year for 10 years increases from $2,250 to $4,000
• ISP that has been getting a /14 per year for 10 years increases from $18,000 to $32,000
New Fee Schedule – IPv6 ISP Annual Renewal• Most nibble-aligned blocks in lower
size brackets– /36 now x-small (was small)– /28 now medium (was large)– /24 now large (was x-large)
• Almost all IPv4 ISPs can now get IPv6 without an additional annual fee
New Fee Schedule – ASNs and Transfers
• ASNs: $550
• Transfers: $500
Recently Implemented Policies
3 Month Supply For ISPs
• Prior to IANA IPv4 exhaustion, experienced ISPs could get a 12 month supply
• Dropped to 3 month supply immediately upon IANA exhaustion
3 Month Supply Calculation
• NRPM: Justified need, not solely predicted growth
• Utilization rate of last allocation
• Immediate need for exceptional circumstances
IPv6 End-User Changes• Before: Block size based on HD-
Ratio– Complex (used logarithms)
• After: Block size based solely on number of sites within a networkNumber of Sites Block Size Justified
1 /48
2-12 /44
13-192 /40
193-3,072 /36
3,073-49,152 /32
2012 IPv6 End User Block Sizes
/4840%
/4435%
/4017%
/366%
/322%
Better IPv6 Allocation for ISPs• Block size based on three things:
– number of serving sites– number of customers at largest serving
site– prefix length to be assigned to
customers
• Nibble-aligned• Can request a second initial
allocation• Not required to deploy in this manner
2012 IPv6 ISP Block Sizes
/36 /32
/28 /24
IPv6 Subsequent Allocations for Transitional Technologies
• Additional allocation for IPv4 -> IPv6 transitional technology (usually 6rd)
• /24 maximum allocation– Allows a typical ISP to map a /56 to each of
their existing IPv4 addresses in a 6rd deployment
• 8 allocations issued– 2 /24s, 2 /28s, 4 /32s
Microallocations for new gTLDs• /23 maximum for each
authorized new gTLD
• Can’t receive space from the /16 reserved for other microallocations
IPv4 End User Renumbering Axed
• Policy that allowed /24s and /23s to end users also required renumbering of those blocks to get additional assignments
• Removed based in part on ARIN staff policy feedback
Third Party Internet Access (TPIA)
• CTRC (Canadian FCC equivalent) mandates open access for cable systems
• Space considered used when assigned by incumbent operator to their equipment on behalf of the TPIA customer
Q&A
Today’s Agenda• ARIN and Internet Governance• Requesting and Managing Internet Number Resources • Automating Your Interactions with ARIN• IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption in the ARIN Region• Number Resource Policies and Procedures
• Networking Lunch
• ARIN’s Policy Development Process• Current Number Resource Policy Discussions• Securing DNS and Routing: DNSSEC and RPKI• IPv4 Transfer Market• Why Participate in the ARIN Community?• Q&A / Open Mic Session
ARIN’s Policy Development Process
Einar BohlinSenior Policy Analyst
Policy Development Process (PDP)
FlowchartProposal TemplateArchive
http://www.arin.net/policy/pdp.html
Policy Development PrinciplesOpen
– Developed in open forum• Public Policy Mailing List• Public Policy Meetings
– Anyone can participate
Transparent– All aspects documented and available on
website• Policy process, meetings, and policies
Bottom-up – Policies developed by the community– Staff implements, but does not make policy
Who Plays a Role in the Policy Process?Community
– Submits proposals – Participates in discussions
Advisory Council (elected volunteers)– Facilitates the policy process– Develops policy:
• Enables fair and impartial resource administration• Technically sound• Supported by the Community
– Determines consensus based on community input
Roles…ARIN Board of Trustees (elected
volunteers)– Provides corporate fiduciary oversight– Ensures the policy process has been
followed– Ratifies policies
ARIN Staff– Provides feedback to community
• Staff and legal assessments• Policy experience reports
– Implements ratified policies
Basic Steps1. Community member submits a Proposal
2. AC works with submitter to ensure clear problem statement and suggested policy change
3. AC puts Draft Policy on PPML for community discussion/feedback (possibly presented at PPC/PPM)
4. AC decides: continue work or abandon
5. AC recommends fully developed Draft Policy (fair, sound and supported by community) for adoption
6. Recommended Draft Policy presented at PPC/PPM
7. If AC still recommends adoption, then Last Call and review of last call
8. Board review
9. Staff implements
Petitions
Petitions can be used to advance proposals/draft policies; petitions available to counter:• Delay (by the AC)
– Proposal to Draft Policy (after 60 days)
– Draft to Recommended Draft (after 90)
– To Last Call (after 60)
– To Board (after 60)
• Abandonment• Rejection (proposals out of scope)
Petitions begin with 5 day duration, needing support from 10 people from 10 different organizations (require more people in later stages)
Number Resource Policy Manual
ARIN’s Policy Document – Version 2013.2 (20 March 2013)– 29th version
Contains• Change Log• HTML/PDF/txt
http://www.arin.net/policy/nrpm.html
Policies in the NRPM• IPv4 Address Space
• IPv6 Address Space
• Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs)
• Directory Services (Whois)
• Reverse DNS (in-addr)
• Transfers
• Experimental Assignments
• Resource Review Policy
References
Policy Development Processhttp://www.arin.net/policy/pdp.html
Draft Policies and Proposalshttp://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/index.html
Number Resource Policy Manualhttp://www.arin.net/policy/nrpm.html
Q&A
Current Number Resource Policy
DiscussionsBill Darte
ARIN Advisory Council
Current Draft Policies and Proposals• 5 Draft Policies
– Majority to be presented at the ARIN Public Policy Consultation at NANOG 58
• 2 Policy Proposals– Newer items; clarity and scope review
• ARIN-2012-2: IPv6 Subsequent Allocations Utilization Requirement– Would allow ISPs to request IPv6 address space when
the situation has changed and they need more.– AC recommended this to the Board for adoption
• ARIN-2013-1: Section 8.4 Transfer
Enhancement– Would allow inter-RIR transfer of ASNs– Under discussion
Text available at: https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/
Draft Policies
• ARIN-2013-2: 3GPP Network IP Resource Policy– “Generally an anchor node must be provisioned with enough
addresses to handle all simultaneously attached users, plus enough headroom to handle failover from an adjacent anchor node in the event of an outage.”
– Under discussion• ARIN-2013-4: RIR Principles
– “…the guiding principles of stewardship are not currently being carried forward into the new document [RFC 2050bis]”
– Under discussion
• ARIN-2013-5: LIR/ISP and End-user Definitions– The definitions could possibly use an update– Under discussion
Text available at: https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/
Draft Policies cont.
Proposals• ARIN-prop-186 Section 8.2
Reorganizations– Would return the word “reorganizations” to Merger and Acquisition
transfer policy.– AC suggested this could be an editorial change. Posted to PPML for
community review through 29 May.
• ARIN-prop-189 Allocation of IPv4 and IPv6 Address Space to Out-of-region Requestors– Would require “….established legal presence in the designated ARIN
region of no less than six months, and have a majority of their technical infrastructure and customers in the designated ARIN region.”
Text available at: https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/
How Can You Get Involved?
There are two ways to voice your opinion:
– Public Policy Mailing List
– Public Policy Consultations/Meetings(in person or remotely)
ARIN Meetings• Two/three ARIN meetings a year
– Attend and participate in person or remote• Check the ARIN Participate/Meetings site about two
weeks prior to meeting• Look at the Proposals/Draft Policies on Agenda (what and when?)• Get a copy of the Discussion Guide (summaries and text)• Attend/log in and state your opinion
• AC meeting results– Watch PPML for AC’s decisions (once a month)– Draft Policies – good or bad ideas, for or against?– Last Calls – For or against?
Public Policy Mailing List (PPML)
• Open to anyone• Easy to subscribe to • Contains: ideas, proposals, draft policies,
last calls, announcements of adoption and implementation, petitions, and more…
• Archived• RSS feed
https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html
References
• Draft Policies & Proposals– https://www.arin.net/policy/proposals/index.html
• ARIN Public Policy Mailing List– https://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html
Q&A
Securing DNS and Routing:
DNSSEC and RPKIMark Kosters
Chief Technology Officer
Why are DNSSEC and RPKI important?
• Two of the most critical resources– DNS– Routing
• Hard to tell when resource is compromised
• Focus of increased attention globally
Why DNSSEC? What is it?
• Standard DNS (forward or reverse) responses are not secure– Easy to spoof– Notable malicious attacks
• DNSSEC attaches signatures– Validates responses– Can not spoof
Reverse DNS
• ARIN issues blocks without any working DNS–Registrant must establish
delegations after registration–Then employ DNSSEC if desired
• Authority to manage reverse zones follows SWIP–“Shared Authority” model
Reverse DNS: Querying ARIN’s WhoisQuery for the zone directly:whois> 81.147.204.in-addr.arpa
Name: 81.147.204.in-addr.arpa.Updated: 2006-05-15NameServer: AUTHNS2.DNVR.QWEST.NETNameServer: AUTHNS3.STTL.QWEST.NETNameServer: AUTHNS1.MPLS.QWEST.NET
Ref: http://whois.arin.net/rest/rdns/81.147.204.in-addr.arpa.
Changes completed to make DNSSEC work at ARIN
• Permit by-delegation management• Sign in-addr.arpa. and ip6.arpa.
delegations that ARIN manages• Create entry method for DS Records
– ARIN Online– RESTful interface– Not available via templates
Reverse DNS in ARIN Online
First identify the network that you want to put Reverse DNS nameservers on…
Reverse DNS in ARIN Online
…then enter the Reverse DNS nameservers…
DNSSEC in ARIN Online…then apply DS record to apply to the delegation
Reverse DNS Management and DNSSEC in ARIN Online• Available on ARIN’s websitehttp://www.arin.net/knowledge/dnssec/
What is RPKI?• Resource Public Key Infrastructure
• Attaches digital certificates to network resources– AS Numbers
– IP Addresses
• Allows ISPs to associate the two– Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs)– Can follow the address allocation chain
to the top
What does RPKI accomplish?
• Allows routers or other processes to validate route origins
• Simplifies validation authority information– Trust Anchor Locator
• Distributes trusted information– Through repositories
AFRINIC RIPE NCC APNIC ARIN LACNIC
LIR1 ISP2
ISP ISP ISP ISP4 ISP ISP ISP
Issued Certificates
Resource Allocation Hierarchy
Route Origination Authority“ISP4 permits AS65000 to originate a route for the prefix 192.2.200.0/24”
Attachment: <isp4-ee-cert>
Signed, ISP4 <isp4-ee-key-priv>
ICANN
Resource Cert Validation
AFRINIC RIPE NCC APNIC ARIN LACNIC
LIR1 ISP2
ISP ISP ISP ISP4 ISP ISP ISP
Resource Allocation Hierarchy
Route Origination Authority“ISP4 permits AS65000 to originate a route for the prefix 192.2.200.0/24”
Attachment: <isp4-ee-cert>
Signed, ISP4 <isp4-ee-key-priv>
1. Did the matching private key sign this text?
ICANN
Resource Cert Validation
Issued Certificates
AFRINIC RIPE NCC APNIC ARIN LACNIC
LIR1 ISP2
ISP ISP
Route Origination Authority“ISP4 permits AS65000 to originate a route for the prefix 192.2.200.0/24”
Attachment: <isp4-ee-cert>
Signed, ISP4 <isp4-ee-key-priv>
ISP ISP4
2. Is this certificate valid?
ISP ISP ISP
Issued Certificates
Resource Allocation Hierarchy
ICANN
Resource Cert Validation
AFRINIC RIPE NCC APNIC ARIN LACNIC
LIR1 ISP2
ISP ISP
Route Origination Authority“ISP4 permits AS65000 to originate a route for the prefix 192.2.200.0/24”
Attachment: <isp4-ee-cert>
Signed, ISP4 <isp4-ee-key-priv>
ISP ISP4 ISP ISP ISP
Issued Certificates
Resource Allocation Hierarchy
ICANN
3. Is there a valid certificate path from a Trust Anchor to this certificate?
Resource Cert Validation
What does RPKI Create?
• It creates a repository– RFC 3779 (RPKI) Certificates– ROAs– CRLs– Manifest records
Repository View./ba/03a5be-ddf6-4340-a1f9-1ad3f2c39ee6/1:total 40-rw-r--r-- 1 143 143 1543 Jun 26 2009 ICcaIRKhGHJ-TgUZv8GRKqkidR4.roa-rw-r--r-- 1 143 143 1403 Jun 26 2009 cKxLCU94umS-qD4DOOkAK0M2US0.cer-rw-r--r-- 1 143 143 485 Jun 26 2009 dSmerM6uJGLWMMQTl2esy4xyUAA.crl-rw-r--r-- 1 143 143 1882 Jun 26 2009 dSmerM6uJGLWMMQTl2esy4xyUAA.mnf-rw-r--r-- 1 143 143 1542 Jun 26 2009 nB0gDFtWffKk4VWgln-12pdFtE8.roa
A Repository Directory containing an RFC3779 Certificate, two ROAs, a CRL, and a manifest
Repository Use
• Pull down these files using a manifest-validating mechanism
• Validate the ROAs contained in the repository
• Communicate with the router marking routes “valid”, “invalid”, “unknown”
• Up to ISP to use local policy on how to route
Possible Flow
• RPKI Web interface -> Repository• Repository aggregator -> Validator• Validated entries -> Route Checking• Route checking results -> local
routing decisions (based on local policy)
Using RPKI in ARIN Online
Using RPKI in ARIN Online
Using RPKI in ARIN Online
Using RPKI in ARIN Online
Using RPKI in ARIN OnlineSAMPLE-ORG
Using RPKI in ARIN OnlineSAMPLE-ORG
Using RPKI in ARIN Online
Your ROA request is automatically processed and the ROA is placed in ARIN’s repository, accompanied by its certificate and a manifest. Users of the repository can now validate the ROA using RPKI validators.
Updates within RPKI outside of ARIN• The four other RIRs are in production
with Hosted CA services• Major routing vendor support being
tested• Announcement of public domain
routing code support
ARIN Status
• Hosted CA deployed 15 Sept 2012
• Delegated CA deployed 16 Feb 2013
• Delegated CA for addresses under other RIR’s /8s deployed April 2013
Why is this important?
• Provides more credibility to identify resource holders
• Leads to better routing security
Q&A
IPv4 Transfer Market
Jon WorleySenior Resource Analyst
Transfers to Specified Recipients• Org releasing resources must not
have received IPv4 from ARIN in the past 12 months and may not request additional IPv4 for 12 months
• Recipient must qualify to receive resources under ARIN policy
• Recipient may receive up to a 24 month supply
IPv4 Specified Recipient Transfers
• 44 transfers completed (30,528 /24s)
• Transactions typically arranged through IPv4 brokers
Inter-RIR Transfers From ARIN• RIR must have reciprocal, compatible
needs-based Inter-RIR transfer policy– Currently: APNIC – Under discussion in the RIPE NCC, Lacnic, &
AFRINIC regions
• Org releasing resources must not have received IPv4 from ARIN within the past 12 months
• Recipient must meet other RIR’s Inter-RIR transfer policy requirements
Inter-RIR Transfers To ARIN
• RIR must have reciprocal, compatible needs-based Inter-RIR transfer policy– Currently: APNIC
• Recipient must qualify to receive resources under current policy
• Recipient may request up to a 24 month supply
Inter-RIR Transfer Notes
• 8 transfers completed (907 /24s total)
• ARIN & APNIC for now
• Expectation is primarily ARIN to APNIC given the early exhaustion of IPv4 in the APNIC region
STLS• 3 ways to participate
– Listers: have available IPv4 addresses– Needers: looking for more IPv4 addresses– Facilitators: available to help listers and
needers find each other
• Major Uses– Matchmaking– Obtain preapproval for a transaction
arranged outside STLS
Misconceptions• IPv4 transactions will never be
allowed– Transfer of unused IPv4 started June
2009
• It’s a trap!– This isn’t a sting operation
• ARIN recognizes all IPv4 transactions– Must meet policy requirements
Tips and Tricks• Involve ARIN as early as possible
– Make sure a contemplated transfer meets ARIN requirements before finalizing
• Use ARIN’s STLS to pre-qualify
• ISPs must still show efficient use of all previous allocations and 80% of their most recent allocation
More Tips and Tricks
• 12 month waiting period – Prevents “flipping” of IPv4– Can’t release unused addresses if you
have received IPv4 from ARIN or via specified transfer in the past 12 months
– Can’t get more IPv4 addresses from ARIN or via specified transfer for 12 months after releasing unused IPv4
Other Notes
• ISPs can receive 24 month supply via transfer vs 3 month supply from ARIN
• ARIN still has IPv4 addresses and will have a post-depletion waiting list
• IPv6 transition still required
Q&A
Participate in the ARIN Community
Einar BohlinSenior Policy Analyst
Learn More and Get Involved
Your participationImportant, critical, needed,
appreciated…
Get Involved in ARINPublic Policy Mailing ListARIN Suggestion and Consultation ProcessMember ElectionsPublic Policy and Members Meetings
http://www.arin.net/participate/
ARIN Mailing Lists
http://www.arin.net/participate/mailing_lists/index.html
ARIN Announce: [email protected]
ARIN Discussion: [email protected]
ARIN Public Policy: [email protected]
ARIN Consultation: [email protected]
ARIN Issued: [email protected]
ARIN Technical Discussions: [email protected]
Suggestions: [email protected]
Consultation & Suggestion Process
• Began in 2006• Suggestions for anything other than
policy related items – online form• Consultations called by President or
Board• Prioritization at ARIN meetings• Participate in consultations
https://www.arin.net/participate/acsp/index.html
ARIN ElectionsBoard of Trustees, Advisory Council,
NRO Number Council
• Each ARIN member organization (org id) gets one vote so Your Vote does count
• Nominations open in July• Voting is for 10 days in October• Winners take office 1 January –
three year terms
Information on Joining in the Internet Governance Discussion
Visit ARIN’s webpage:Ways to Participate in Internet Governance
https://www.arin.net/participate/governance/participate.html
How Can You Get Involved?• Get informed
– ARIN’s website: https://www.arin.net/participate/governance/index.html
• Contribute to ITU public consultations• Discuss with your government• Participate and contribute financial
support to Internet Governance Forum• Advocate
– Public debate, online forums, etc.
Join us at an ARIN Meeting
Discuss policies
Network with colleagues
Participate remotely
www.arin.net/participate/meetings
Apply for the fellowship to attend an ARIN meeting, all expenses paid!
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