Ostp_lewis_10_aug_05.ppt

8/17/2019 Ostp_lewis_10_aug_05.ppt

1/14

Nathan S. Lewis

George L. Argyros Professor of Chemistry

California Institute of Technology

with

George Crabtree, Argonne NL Arthur Nozi, N!"L

#ie $asielewsi, Northwestern

Paul Ali%isatos, &C'(ereley

Solar Energy and Nanotechnology

Based on:Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization: Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solar Energy Utilization


2/14

Solar Energy Utilization

Solar ElectricSolar Fuel

Solar Thermal

.001 TW PV$0.30/kWh w/o storage

CO

sugar

!atural

"hotos#!thesis

0 % 00 &Cs"ace' water

heati!g

00 % 3000 &Cheat e!gi!es

electricit# ge!eratio!"rocess heat

1. TW electricit#$0.03%$0.0(/kWh )*ossil+

1., TW solar *uel )-iomass+

1, TW aitio!al e!erg# -# 00

0.00 TW

11 TW *ossil *uel)"rese!t use+ TW

s"ace a! waterheati!g

O

O


3/14

Solar Energy Costs

com"etitie electric "ower2 $1.00/W" $0.0/kWh

com"etitie "rimar# "ower2 $0.0/W" $0.01/kWh

i!clu/i!g cost *or storage

Cost $/m2

$0.10/Wp $0.20/Wp $0.50/Wp

E f f i c

i e n c y %

20

40

60

80

100

100 200 300 400 500

$1.00/Wp

$3.50/Wp

mo/ule cost o!l# /ou-le *or -ala!ce o* s#stem

$0.%0.0/kW%hr


4/14

Solar Energy Conversion

Co!ersio!

e%

h4

Storage

Ca"ture

100 nm-100 µm


5/14

“Solar Paint”

i!e5"e!sie "rocessi!g' co!*ormal la#ers

"ol#mer o!or676O%PPV

*ullere!e acce"torPC86

O

O

(

)n

O

OMe

O

OMe

d

9Fooli!g 9i!e5"e!sie "articles i!to -ehai!g as si!gle cr#stals


6/14

Interpenetrating Nanostructured Networks

-

metal electo!e

tanspaent electo!e

"lass

+ - 100 nm

-

--

metal electo!e

tanspaent electo!e

"lass

+ - 100 nm


7/14

Ultra-high Efficiency Solar Cells

multi"le :u!ctio!s

hot carriers

3 V

rich ariet# o* !ew "h#sical "he!ome!au!ersta! a! im"leme!t

lost toheat

#%state

Metal

http://vtc.ngfl.gov.uk/uploads/image/prism_rainbow-52186.jpghttp://vtc.ngfl.gov.uk/uploads/image/prism_rainbow-52186.jpghttp://vtc.ngfl.gov.uk/uploads/image/prism_rainbow-52186.jpg


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H2 Purification,Storage,

Dispensing

H2 Production

Fuel

Cell

StationaryGeneration

Fuel

Processor

orElectrolyer

FuelCell

H2

!eformateH" #

Storage: he Need to Produce !uel

)Power Par Conce*t+

Fuel Production

Distri$ution

Storage


9/14

Solar her"al # Electrolyzer Syste"


10/14

Solar$Powered Catalysts %or !uel !or"ation

h#roge!ase

4 4 e% ⇔

10 ;

chlam#omo!as moewusii

O

O

,e-

,+

CO

COOC3O' C,

Cat Cat

o5i/atio! re/uctio!

"hotos#stem


11/14

Solar &and 'rea (e)uire"ents

% &'


12/14

Control o% *aterials Properties hrough Nanoscience

-iological "h#sical

emo!stratee**icie!cies 10%1=>i! la-orator#

O

Sel*%assem-l# o* com"le5 structures

#roge! *rom water a! su!light

mecha!ical


13/14

Nanoscience and Solar Energy

N

theor# a!/ mo/eli!g multi%!oe com"uter clusters

e!sit# *u!ctio!al theor#10 000 atom assem-lies

ma!i"ulatio! o* "hoto!s' electro!s' a! molecules

?ua!tum ot solar cells

arti*icial"hotos#!thesis

!atural"hotos#!thesis

!a!ostructurethermoelectrics

!a!oscale architectures

to" ow! lithogra"h#-ottom u" sel*%assem-l#multi%scale i!tegratio!

characteri@atio!

sca!!i!g "ro-eselectro!s' !eutro!s' 5%ra#s

smaller le!gth a! time scales

Solar e!erg# is i!terisci"li!ar# !a!oscie!ce

TiO !a!ocr#stals

asor-e#e

li?ui

electrol#te c o ! / u c t i ! g

g l a s s

t r a !

s " a r e ! t

e l e

c t r o / e


14/14

+asic (esearch Needs %or Solar Energy

A The Sun is a singular solution to our future energy needs

% ca"acit# war*s *ossil' !uclear' wi! . . . % su!light eliers more e!erg# i! one hour

tha! the earth uses i! one year

% *ree o* gree!house gases a! "olluta!ts

% secure *rom geo%"olitical co!strai!ts

A Enormous gap between our tiny useof solar energy and its immense potential

%

o!l# *rom high risk%high "a#o** -asic research

A Interdisciplinary research is required

"h#sics' chemistr#' -iolog#' materials' !a!oscie!ce

A Basic and applied science should couple seamlessly

Documents

Ostp_lewis_10_aug_05.ppt