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8/8/2019 Os Final Ritesh

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K.P.Patel School of Management &Computer Studies (KSMCS)

Programming Skills-V(OS)

MCA

Raish Vhora


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K.P.Patel School of Management & Computer Studies

(KSMCS)MCA

2 Raish Vhora

1. Check the output of the following commands.

date, ls, who, cal, ps, wc, cat, uname, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, cd, cp, rm, mv, diff, chmod,

grep, sed, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, find.

1) datedate - print or set the system date and timeOUTPUT

digit@ubuntu:~$ date

Thu Dec 9 00:14:12 EST 2010

2) lsls - list directory contents

OUTPUT

digit@ubuntu:~$ ls

Desktop Downloads Firefox_wallpaper.png Pictures Templates VLC

Documents examples.desktop Music

3) whowho - show who is logged on

OUTPUT

digit@ubuntu:~$ man who

who

who

digit tty7 2010-12-08 23:36 (:0)

digit pts/0 2010 -12-09 00:12 (:0.0)

4) calcal, ncal displays a calendar and the date of Easter

OUTPUIT

digit@ubuntu:~$ cal

December 2010

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21 22 23 24 2526 27 28 29 30 31

5) psps - report a snapshot of the current processes.

OUTPUT

digit@ubuntu:~$ ps


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PID TTY TIME CMD

3008 pts/0 00:00:00 bash

3025 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3035 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3041 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3051 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3216 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3226 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3236 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3246 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3256 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3266 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3276 pts/0 00:00:00 man

3285 pts/0 00:00:00 pager

3292 pts/0 00:00:00 ps

6) wcwc - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ wc install.sh

33 89 603 install.sh

7) catcat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ cat f1.txt

Nadiad

Anand

Baroda

8) unameuname - print system information

digit@ ubuntu:~/VLC$ uname

Linux

9) pwdpwd - print name of current/working directory

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ pwd

/home/digit/VLC

10) mkdirmkdir - make directories


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digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ mkdir KSMCS

11) rmdirrmdir - remove empty directories

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ rmdir KSMCS

12) cdcd to change the current directory

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ cd KSMCS

13) cpcp - copy files and directories

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ cp f1.txt ff.txt

14) rmrm - remove files or directories

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ rm KSMCS

15) mvmv - move (rename) files

mv KSMCS MCA

16) diffdiff - compare files line by linedigit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ diff f1.txt f2.txt

17) chmodchmod - change file mode bits

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ chmod +ux prg1.sh

18) grepgrep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep - print lines matching a pattern

grep -c $i temp

19) sedsed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text

sed -n "$eno"'!p' $fnm > te.lst

20) headhead - output the first part of files


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digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ head f1.txt

Nadiad

Anand

Baroda

21) tailtail - output the last part of files

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ tail f1.txt

Nadiad

Anand

Baroda

22) cutcut - remove sections from each line of files

cut -d ' ' -f1

23) pastepaste - merge lines of files

paste f1.txt f2.txt

24) sortsort - sort lines of text files

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ sort f1.txt

Anand

Baroda

Nadiad

25) findfind - search for files in a directory hierarchy

digit@ubuntu:~/VLC$ find f1.txt ff

2. Write shell script

a) Accept numbers and perform addition, subtraction, division and ultiplication. echo "Enter a First number:"

read a

echo "Entre a Second number:"

read b

echo "+"

echo "-"

echo "*"


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echo "/"

echo "Enter a choice:"

read ch

if [ "$ch" = "+" ];

then

echo "$a + $b =" èxpr $a + $b` ;

elif [ "$ch" = "-" ];

then

echo "$a - $b =" èxpr $a - $b` ;

elif [ "$ch" = "*" ];

then

echo "$a * $b =" èxpr $a \* $b` ;

elif [ "$ch" = "/" ];

then

echo "$a / $b =" èxpr $a / $b` ;

fib) Accept the string and checks whether the string is palindrome or not.

clear

echo "enter string:- \c"

read s

l=${#s}

echo "length of string is:- "$l

rev=""

while [ $l -ge 1 ]

doch=ècho $s | cut -c$l`

rev=$rev$ch

l=èxpr $l - 1`

done

echo "reverse is" $rev

if [ $rev = $s ]

then

echo "palindrom"

elseecho "not palindrom"

fic) Accept number and check the number is even or odd, finds the length of the

number, sum of the digitsin the number.

clear

echo "Enter The Number :\c"

read n


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then

t=`ls -l $name | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f6,7`

echo Modification time of file is $t

else

echo "Does Not Exit"

fif) Fetch the data from a file and display data into another file in reverse order.

clear

echo "\n Enter The Directory Name : \c"

read dname

l=`cat $dname | wc -l`

rm reverse

while [ $l -gt 1 ]

dostr=`head -$l $dname | tail -l`

echo $str > temp

rev=`rev temp`

echo $rev >> reverse

l=`expr $l -l`

done

cat reverse

3. Write a script to find the global complete path for any file. clear

echo "enter file name:- "

read fname

echo "file path is:- "

find / -name $fname

4. Write a script to broadcast a message to a specified user or a group of users

logged on any terminal.

clear

echo "========================="

echo "W R I T E - M E S S A G E"

echo "========================="

echo "[1] Create Message "

echo "[2] To Single User"

echo "[3] To All User"


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echo "[4] Exit"

echo "========================="

echo "Enter Your Choice:- \c"

read ch

case $ch in

1) echo "Write Message [Press Ctrl+d to terminate]"

cat > message

;;

2) echo "Enter User Name:- \c"

read uname

write $uname < message

;;

3)

who | cut -d ' ' -f1 | uniq > temp

set cat temp`

for i in $*

do

write $i < message

done

rm temp

;;

4)

exit

;;

esac5. Write a script to copy the file system from two directories to a new directory in

such a way that only the latest file is copied in case there are common files in both

the directories.

clear

echo "enter source directory 1 :- \c"

read dir1

if [ ! -d $dir1 ]

then

echo "$dir1 directory does not exists"exit

fi


read dir2

if [ ! -d $dir2 ]


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then

echo "$dir2 directory does not exists"

exit

fi

echo "enter destination directory 3:- \c"

read dir3

if [ ! -d $dir3 ]

then


exit

fi

set `ls $dir1`

`ls $dir2 > temp`

for i in $*

do

c=`grep -c $i temp`

if [ $c -eq 0 ]

then

cp "$dir1/$i" $dir3

else

if [ "$dir1/$i" -nt "$dir2/$i" ]

then

echo "$dir1/$i copied to $dir3"

cp "$dir1/$i" $dir3

else


cp "$dir2/$i" $dir3

fi

fi

done

6. Write a script to compare identically named files in two different directoriesand if they are same, copy one of them in a third directory.

clear


read dir1

if [ ! -d $dir1 ]

then


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exit

fi


read dir2

if [ ! -d $dir2 ]

then


exit

fi

echo "enter destination directory 3:- \c"

read dir3

if [ ! -d $dir3 ]

then


exit

fi

set ` ls $dir1 `

` ls $dir2 > temp `

for i in $*

do

c=` grep -c $i temp `

if [ $c -eq 1 ]

then

c=` cmp "$dir1/$i" "$dir2/$i" | wc -l `

if [ $c -eq 0 ]

then


cp "$dir1/$i" $dir3

fi

fi

done7. Write a script to delete zero sized files from a given directory (and all its sub -

directories).

$ find . -empty -maxdepth 1 -exec rm {} \;

to find zero size file


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find . -size 0c

8. Write a script to display the name of those files (in the given directory) which

are having multiple links.

clearecho "enter directory name:- \c"

read dname

if [ -d $dname ]

then

`ls -l $dname | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f2,8 > temp`

l=`cat temp | wc -l`

i=2

while [ $i -le $l ]

dostr=`head -$i temp | tail -l`

link=ècho $str | cut -d ' ' -f1`

fname=ècho $str | cut -d ' ' -f2`

if [ $link -gt 1 ]

then

echo "file $fname has $link link"

fi

i=èxpr $i + 1`

done

elseecho "not exist"

fi

9. Write a script to display the name of all executable files in the given directory.

clear

echo "enter directory home:- \c"

read dname

if [ -d $dname ]

then set `ls $dname`

for i in $*

do

if [ -x $i ]

then

echo $i


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fi

done

else

echo "file does not exist"

fi

or

clear

echo "\n Enter The Directory :\c"

read dname

if [ -d $dname ]

then

ls $dname

for i in $*

do

if [ -x $i ]

then

echo $i

ls $i

fi

done

else

echo "\n Does Not Exits"

fi

10.Write a script to display the date, time and a welcome message (like Good

Morning etc.). The time should be displayed with a.m. or p.m. and not in 24

hours notation.

month=`date +%B`

day=`date +%d`year=`date +%Y`

hour=`date +%k`

minutes=`date +%M`

if [ $hour -gt 12 ]

then

var="p.m"

else


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var="a.m"

fi

if [ $hour -gt 0 -a $hour -lt 12 ]

then

echo "Good Morning"

elif [ $hour -ge 12 -a $hour -lt 16 ]

then

echo "Good Afternoon"

elif [ $hour -ge 16 -a $hour -lt 19 ]

then

echo "Good Evening"

else

echo "Good Night"

fi

if [ $hour -gt 12 ]

then

hour=`expr $hour - 12`

fi

echo "Date is "$day-$month-$year

echo "Time is "$hour : $minutes $var

11. Write a script to display the directory in the descending order of the size of

each file.

clear

echo "enter directory:- \c"

read dname

if [ -d $name ]

then

echo "file in descending order"

echo "size filename"

`ls -l $dname | tr -s ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f5,8 > temp`

sort -grk1 temp

elseecho "directory does not exist"

fi

12. Write a script to implement the following commands:

Tree (of DOS) which (of UNIX)

echo "______________use tree _____________ "

tree -d | head -20


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echo "_______________use which_____________"

echo "ENTER THE COMMAND WE CAN FIND PATH"

read a

which $a

13. Write a script for generating a mark sheet after reading data from a file.

File contains student roll no, name , marks of three subjects.

if [ $# -ne 3 ]

then

echo "You have to Enter 3 arguments for marks....."

else

m1=$1

m2=$2

m3=$3

sum=`expr $m1 + $m2 + $m3`

avg=`expr $sum / 3`

echo "\nTotal is --> "$sum

echo "Average marks are --> " $avg

if [ $avg -ge 70 ]

then

echo "\n\nStudent has achieved Distinction..."

elif [ $avg -ge 60 and -lt 70 ]

then

echo "\n\nStudent has achieved First class..."elif [ $avg -ge 50 and -lt 60 ]

then

echo "\n\nStudent has achieved Second class..."

elif [ $avg -ge 40 and -lt 50 ]

then

echo "\n\nStudent has achieved Third class..."

else

echo "\n\nStudent failed..."

fi

fi14. Write a script to make following file and directory management operations

menu based:

Display current directory

List directory

Make directory

Change directory

Copy a file

Rename a file


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Delete a file

Edit a file

clear

echo "\n 1 >> Display current directory :"echo "\n 2 >> List directory :"

echo "\n 3 >> Make directory :"

echo "\n 4 >> Change directory :"

echo "\n 5 >> Copy a file :"

echo "\n 6 >> Rename a file :"

echo "\n 7 >> Delete a file :"

echo "\n 8 >> Edit a file :"

echo "\n Enter Your Choice :\c"

read ch

case $ch in

1)

dir;;

2)

ls;;

3)echo "\n Enter Your Directory Name :\c"

read dname

mkdir $dname;;

4)

cd;;

5)

echo "\n Enter The Source File Name :\c"read name

echo "\n Enter The Destination File Name :\c"

read dname

mv -i $name $dname;;


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6)

echo "\n Enter The Old File Name :\c"

read name

echo "\n Enter The New File Name :\c"

read name

mv -i $name $dname;;

7)

echo "\n Enter The File For Delete :\c"

read name

rmdir $name;;

*)

echo"Invalid Choice :"

esac15. Write a script which reads a text file and output the following

Count of character, words and lines.

File in reverse.

Frequency of particular word in the file. Lower case letter in place of upper case letter.

clear

echo "\nEnter The File Name :\c"

read fname

if [ -f $fname ]

then

echo "\n= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \n"

echo "\n\t Menu Driven \n"

echo "\n\t= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \n"

echo "\n\t 1 >> Count of character, words and lines.\n"


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echo "\n\t 2 >> File in reverse.\n"

echo "\n\t 3 >> Frequency of particular word in the file.\n"

echo "\n\t 4 >> Lower case letter in place of upper case letter.\n"

echo "\n\t 5 >> Exit\n"

echo "\n\t= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = \n"

echo "\n Enter Your Choice . . . \c"

read c

case $c in

1)

c=`cat $fname | wc -c`

l=`cat $fname | wc -l`

w=`cat $fname | wc -w`

echo "\n The Number of Character In FIle Is : "$c

echo "\n The Number Of Line In File Is : "$l

echo "\n The Number Of Word In File Is :"$w ;;

2)

rev $fname;;

3)

echo "\n Enter The Word :\c"

read word

t=`grep -wc $word $fname`

echo "\n The Number Of Word In File Is Available "$t "Times";;

4)

echo " Lower Into UpperCase :"

t=`cat $fname | tr "a-z" "A-Z"`


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echo $t

echo " \n UpperCase Into LowerCase:"

q=`cat $fname | tr "A-Z" "a-z" `

echo $q;;

5)exit;;

esac

else

echo "\n File Does Not Exit "

fi16. Write a shell script to check whether the named user is currently logged in or

not.

echo "enter the user name:- \c"

read unm

c=`who -u | grep -wc $unm`

if [ $c -eq 0 ]

then

echo "$unm is not log in"

elseecho "$unm is log in"

fi

17. Write a Script for Simple Database Management System Operation.

Database File Contains Following Fields.

EMP_NO

EMP_NAME

EMP_ADDRESS

EMP_AGE

EMP_GENDER

EMP_DESIGNATIONEMP_BASIC_SALARY

Provide Menu Driven Facility For

VIEW RECORD BASED ON QUERY

ADD RECORD

DELETE RECORD

MODIFY RECORD.


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COUNT TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORDS

EXIT

fnm=emp.lst

while echo "Operating On Employee Data " ;do

echo " ####### Menu #######"

echo "1. View File Data"

echo "2. View Record"

echo "3. Add REcord"

echo "4. Delete Record"

echo "5. Modify Record"

echo "6. Exit"

echo " ###################"

echo "Select your Choice :- \c "

read ch

case "$ch" in

1)

cat $fnm

;;

2)

while echo "Enter The Emp No :- \c " ;do

read eno

set `cut -d "|" -f1 $fnm |grep -c "$eno"`

if [ $1 -ne 0 ] ; then


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cut -d "|" -f1-7 $fnm | grep "$eno"

break

else

echo "Record Not Found"

continue

fi

done

;;

3)

while echo "Enter Emp No :- \c " ;do

read eno

if [ `cut -d "|" -f1 $fnm |grep -c "$eno"` -eq 1 ] ;then

echo "Emp No is already Exist"

continue

else

break

fi

done

echo "Enter Emp Name :- \c "

read ename

echo "Enter Addr :- \c "


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read addr

echo "Enter age :- \c "

read age

echo "Enter Gender :- \c "

read gend

echo "Enter Designation :- \c "

read desg

echo "Enter Salary :- \c "

read sal

echo "$eno|$ename|$addr|$age|$gend|$desg|$sal" >> $fnm

;;

4)

while echo "Enter the Emp No :- \c" ;do

read eno

set `cut -d "|" -f1 $fnm| grep -c "$eno"`

if [ $1 -ne 0 ] ; then

echo "Are you sure do u want to delete :- \c"

read ans

case "$ans" in

[yY]*)

cut -d "|" -f1-7 $fnm| grep -v "$eno" > te.lst


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#sed -n "$eno"'!p' $fnm > te.lst

cp te.lst $fnm

esac

break

else

echo "Record Not Found"

continue

fi

done

;;

5)

echo "\n Enter Emp No. :- \c"

read eno

echo "What u want to change :- "

echo "1.name \n2.Addr \n3.age \n4.desg \n5.salary"

echo "Enter Your Choice \c"

echo "Enter Your Choice \c"

read cho

echo "`grep -n "$eno" $fnm`" > line

lno=`cut -d ":" -f1 line`

case "$cho" in


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1) echo "Enter Name :- \c"

fild=2;;

2) echo "Enter Address :- \c "

fild=3;;

3) echo "Enter Age : - \c"

fild=4;;

4) echo "Enter Desgination :- \c"

fild=6;;

5) echo "Enter Salary :- \c"

fild=7;;

6)

break;;

*) echo "Invalid choice"

fild=0;;

esac

if [ $fild -ne 0 ] ;then

read new

old=`cut -d "|" -f$fild line`

sed "$ln"'s/'"$old"'/'"$new"'/' $fnm > te.lst

cp te.lst $fnm

fi


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;;

esac

done

18. Write A Script To Perform Following String Operations Using Menu:

COMPARE TWO STRINGS.

JOIN TWO STRINGS.

FIND THE LENGTH OF A GIVEN STRING.

OCCURRENCE OF CHARACTER AND WORDS

E. REVERSE THE STRING.

clear

echo "\n\t = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ="

echo "\n\t\t String Manipulation "

echo "\n\t = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ="

echo "\n\t\t 1 >> COMPARE TWO STRINGS."

echo "\n\t\t 2 >> JOIN TWO STRINGS."

echo "\n\t\t 3 >> FIND THE LENGTH OF A GIVEN STRING."

echo "\n\t\t 4 >> OCCURRENCE OF CHARACTER AND WORDS"

echo "\n\t\t 5 >> REVERSE THE STRING."

echo "\n\t\t 6 >> Exit"

echo "\n\t = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ="

echo "\n\t\t Enter Your Choice :\c"

read ch

case $ch in

1)

echo "\n Enter The First String :\c "

read str

echo "\n Enter The Second String :\c "

read str1

if [ $str = $str1 ]

then

echo "Both Strings Are Same "

else


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echo "Both Strings Are Different"

fi

;;

2)

echo "\n Enter The First String :\c "

read s1

echo "\n Enter The Second String :\c "

read s2

str3=$s1$s2

echo $str3

;;

3)

echo "\n Enter The String :\c "

read str

l=${#str}

echo "\n The Length Of String Is "$l

;;

4)


read str

c=`echo $str | wc -c`

echo "\n The Number Of The Character Is :"$c

w=`echo $str | wc -w`

echo "The Occurence Of the Word Is :"$w

;;

5)


read s

l=${#s}

rev=""


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while [ $l -ge 1 ]

do

ch=ècho $s | cut -c $l`

rev=$rev$ch

l=èxpr $l - 1`

done

echo "reverse string is : "$rev

;;

6)exit;;

esac19. Write a script to calculate gross salary for any number of employees

Gross Salary =Basic + HRA + DA.

HRA=10% and DA= 15%.

clear

echo "\n How Many Numbers You Want :\c"

read no

while [ $no -gt 0 ]

do

echo "\n Enter Basic Salary :\c"

read bs

hra=èxpr $bs \* 10`

hra=èxpr $hra / 100`

da=èxpr $bs \* 15`

da=èxpr $da / 100`

gs=èxpr $bs + $hra + $da`

echo "\n Gross Salary Is "$gs

no=èxpr $no - 1`

done


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20. Write a script to check whether a given string is palindrome or not.

clear

echo "enter string:- \c"

read s

l=${#s}

echo "length of string is:- "$l

rev=""

while [ $l -ge 1 ]

do

ch=ècho $s | cut -c$l`

rev=$rev$ch

l=èxpr $l - 1`

done

echo "reverse is" $rev

if [ $rev = $s ]

then

echo "palindrom"

else

echo "not palindrom"

fi

21. Write a script to check whether a given number is palindrome or not.

clear

echo "\n Enter The Number :\c"read no

t=$no

rev=0

while [ $no -gt 0 ]

do

r=èxpr $no % 10`

rev=èxpr $rev \* 10`

rev=èxpr $rev + $r`

no=èxpr $no / 10`

done

echo "\n The Original Number Is :"$t

echo "\n The Revarse Number Is :"$rev

if [ $rev -eq $t ]

then

echo palindrom


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else

echo not palindrom

fi22. Write a script to display all words of a file in ascending order.

echo "Enter File Name \c"read fname

if [ -f $fname ]

then

echo "==================================================="

echo "Original File Content is "

echo "==================================================="

cat $fname

echo "==================================================="

echo "File words in ascending order is"echo "==================================================="

set cat $fname`

for i in $*

do

echo "$i" >> temp

done

sort temp

rm temp

echo "==================================================="

elseecho "File does not exist"

fi23. Write a script to display all lines of a file in ascending order.

echo "Enter File Name \c"

read fname

if [ -f $fname ]

then

echo "==================================================="

echo "Original File Content is "echo "==================================================="

cat $fname

echo "==================================================="

echo "File lines in ascending order is"

echo "==================================================="

cat $fname | sort

else


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echo "File does not exist"

fi24. Write a script to display the last modified file.

clear

fname=`ls -lt | tr -s ' ' | head -2 | tail -1 | cut -d ' ' -f8`ctime=`ls -lt | tr -s ' ' | head -2 | tail -1 | cut -d ' ' -f6,7`

echo Last modified File is $fname

echo Last File Modification time is $ctime

25. Write a shell script to add the statement #include at the beginning of

every C source file in current directory containing printf and fprintf.

while true; do

read -e -p "Enter Directory: " path || exit

[[ -d $path ]] && breakecho "Invalid path! Try Again!"

done

path=${path%/}

myargs=`grep -l -e "printf" -e "fprintf" $path/*.c | xargs`

if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then # grep exits with status 1 when no matches were found.

echo -n "No Matches were found. " && exit

fi

temp=$(mktemp tmp.XXXXXXXXX)

for i in $myargs # Here, grep has the exit status 0.do

echo "Do you want to add '#include ' to $i?"

read S

case $S in

Y|y|YES|Yes|yes|yeah)

sed '1i\

#include' "$i" > "$temp" # i for insertion, 1 for 1st line. $i is the file to

insert. and all output will be redirected to $temp

mv "$temp" "$i" # renaming $temp by over writing to $i

;;

n|N|NO|no|No|nope)

echo "Alright! Next.."

shift

;;


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*)

echo "Invalid input."

;;

esac

done

if [ -z $myargs ]; then

echo "No Matches were found. Try another Directory"

else

clear

head -n5 $path/*.c | less

fi

rm $temp

26. Write a script that behaves both in interactive and non-interactive mode.

When no arguments are supplied, it picks up each C program from current

directory and lists the first10 lines. It then prompts for deletion of the file. If the

user supplies arguments with the script, then it works on those files only.

clear

if [ $# -eq 0 ]

then

set `ls *.c`for i in $*

do

if [ -f $i ]

then

echo "file name:- $i"

head 10 $i | cat

echo "do you want delete file $i [y/n]:- \c"

read ans

if [ $ans = 'Y' -o $ans = 'y' ]

then rm $i

fi

echo "enter any key to continue"

read ans

fi

done


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else

for i in $*

do

if [ -f $i ]

then

echo "file name:- $i"

head 10 $i | cat

echo "do you want delete file $i [y/n]:- \c"

read ans

if [ $ans = 'Y' -o $ans = 'y' ]

then

rm $i

fi

echo "enter any key to continue"

read ans

fi

done

fi27. Write a script that deletes all leading and trailing spaces in all lines in a file.

Also remove blank lines from a file. Locate lines containing only printf but not

fprintf.

echo Enter the file name

read a'

b=$(echo ${$a} | sed -e 's/^ *//g;s/ *$//g')

echo "a->[${$a}] b->[${b}]"

OR

sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' yourfilename